Display device

Abstract

A display device includes a protective layer facing a display panel, a window between the protective layer and the display panel, and the protective layer including, in order from the window, a base layer and a surface coating layer having a single film structure. The surface coating layer includes an anti-impact layer and an anti-fingerprint material within the anti-impact layer.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The disclosure relates here to display devices, and more particularly, to foldable display devices. BACKGROUND

[0002] Electronic devices include an active area that is activated according to an electrical signal. The electronic device can sense an input applied from the outside of the electronic device through the active area while synchronously displaying various images to provide information to a user. As electronic devices having various shapes have developed, active areas having various shapes have been implemented.

[0003] Flexible display modules, such as bendable or foldable, are being developed. These flexible display modules include a flexible display panel and various functional members thereof, which are flexible together with the flexible display panel. A flexible electronic device includes a flexible display module including a flexible display panel. SUMMARY

[0004] One or more embodiments provide a display device that protects a window thereof.

[0005] Embodiments provide a display device including a display panel that generates an image, a window facing the display panel and through which the image is transmitted, and a protective layer facing the display panel and between which and the display panel the window is located.

[0006] The protective layer includes, in order from the window, a base layer and a surface coating layer having a single film structure. The surface coating layer includes an anti-impact layer and an anti-fingerprint material within the anti-impact layer.

[0007] In embodiments, a display device includes a display panel that generates an image and displays the image at an active area of the display panel, a window facing the display panel and through which the image is transmitted, and a protective layer facing the display panel and between which and the display panel the window is located. The protective layer, the window, and the display panel are foldable and unfoldable together.

[0008] Each of the window and the protective layer includes a side wall, the window includes a glass film, and the side wall of the window is closer to the active area of the display panel than the side wall of the protective layer.

[0009] The surface coating layer has a single film structure, and the surface coating layer includes an anti-impact layer and an anti-fingerprint material within the anti-impact layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0010] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application. In the drawings:

[0011] Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a display device;

[0012] Figure 2A is a view showing Figure 1 is a view showing an embodiment of a display device folded inwardly about a first folding axis;

[0013] Figure 2B is a view showing Figure 1 is a view showing an embodiment of a display device folded outwardly about a first folding axis;

[0014] Figure 3A is a view showing Figure 1 is a view showing an embodiment of a display device folded inwardly about a second folding axis;

[0015] Figure 3B is a view showing Figure 1 is a view showing an embodiment of a display device folded outwardly about a second folding axis;

[0016] Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a display device;

[0017] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line I-I' of Figure 4

[0018] Figure 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing Figure 5

[0019] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a protective layer;

[0020] Figure 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing Figure 7

[0021] Figure 9A is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electronic device unfolded;

[0022] Figure 9B is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electronic device folded;

[0023] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II' of Figure 9A ​​​a cross-sectional view of an electronic device taken along line II-II' of the embodiment of the display panel; and

[0024] Figure 11 a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the display panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present application will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which various embodiments are shown. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the application to those skilled in the art.

[0026] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this disclosure, when an element (or region, layer, part, etc.) is referred to as being (for example, located) on another element, it can be directly on the other element, or a third element can be present therebetween. Conversely, when an element (or region, layer, part, etc.) is referred to as being (for example, directly) on another element, there is no third element therebetween.

[0027] The same reference denotations are used throughout the drawings. Moreover, in the drawings, the thickness, proportions, and dimensions of elements are exaggerated for effective description of the technical content.

[0028] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, "one," "a," "an," and "the" are used to mean one or more than one, and the singular term includes a plural term unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the term "one element" has the same meaning as the term "at least one element." The term "at least one" should not be interpreted as limiting "one" or "a." The term "or" means "and / or." The term "and / or" includes all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0029] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," etc. can be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments of the present application. The singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0030] Further, terms such as "below," "lower," "above," "upper," and the like, are used to describe the relationships in the orientation of the configurations shown in the drawings. These terms are used as relative concepts and are described with reference to the directions indicated in the drawings.

[0031] It is to be understood that the terms "comprising", "including", or "having" as used herein specifically mean the inclusion of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof.

[0032] As used herein, "about" or "approximately" means within a range of values that a person of ordinary skill in the art would consider to be an acceptable deviation from the stated value, and within an acceptable range of error for the particular measurement and the particular quantity being measured (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, "about" can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the stated value.

[0033] Embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-sectional illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments described herein are not to be construed as being limited to the particular shapes as illustrated but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat can often have rough and / or non-linear features. Moreover, sharp corners as illustrated can often be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims.

[0034] Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a display device DD.

[0035] Referring to Figure 1 The display device DD can have a rectangular shape having a short side extending in a first direction DR1 and a long side extending in a second direction DR2 intersecting the first direction DR1. However, the shape of the display device DD is not limited thereto, and the display device DD can be provided in various shapes.

[0036] The display device DD can be a foldable electronic device. Specifically, the display device DD can be foldable along a folding axis, where the folding axis extends in one direction. Hereinafter, a state of being folded along the folding axis is defined as a folded state, and a flat or unfolded state is defined as an unfolded state. The folding axis is a rotation axis generated by folding of the display device DD. The folding axis can be defined or formed by a mechanical structure of the display device DD.

[0037] The folding axis can extend in a first direction DR1 or a second direction DR2. In an embodiment, the folding axis extending in the second direction DR2 is defined as a first folding axis FX1, and the folding axis extending in the first direction DR1 is defined as a second folding axis FX2. The display device DD can include any one or both of the first folding axis FX1 and the second folding axis FX2. That is, the display device DD can be folded along any one or both of the first folding axis FX1 and the second folding axis FX2.

[0038] The display device DD can be used for large electronic display devices such as televisions and monitors, as well as small and medium electronic display devices such as mobile phones, tablet computers, car navigation units, and game consoles. These are presented as examples only, and thus the display device DD can be applicable to other electronic devices without departing from the present application.

[0039] As shown in FIG. 1A, the display device DD can display an image IM at a display surface IS in a third direction DR3, the display surface IS being parallel to a plane defined by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2 crossing each other. Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 1A, the display device DD can display an image IM at a display surface IS in a third direction DR3, the display surface IS being parallel to a plane defined by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2 crossing each other.

[0040] The display surface IS of the display device DD can be divided into a plurality of regions. A display region DA and a non-display region NDA can be defined with respect to the display surface IS of the display device DD. The display device DD and various components thereof can include a display region DA and a non-display region NDA corresponding to the display region DA and the non-display region NDA described above with respect to the display surface IS.

[0041] The display region DA can be a planar region where the image IM is displayed, and can be visible from the outside of the display device DD. The display region DA can have a rectangular shape in a view in the third direction DR3 (e.g., in a plan view). The non-display region NDA is adjacent to the display region DA. In an embodiment, the non-display region NDA can surround the display region DA in a plan view, without being limited thereto. Thus, the shape of the display region DA can be substantially defined by the non-display region NDA. However, the non-display region NDA can be disposed to be adjacent to only one side of the display region DA, or can be omitted such that the display region DA corresponds to the entire planar region of the front surface of the display device DD. The display device DD can include various embodiments, and is not limited to any one embodiment.

[0042] The non-display region NDA is a region adjacent to the display region DA where the image IM is not displayed. A bezel region of the display device DD can be defined by the non-display region NDA.

[0043] The display device DD can sense an input TC applied from the outside of the display device DD. The input TC (e.g., external input) includes various types of external inputs from an input tool in contact with or disposed close to the display device DD, such as an external input from a part of a user's body, light, heat, a pen, or pressure. In an embodiment, a part of the body applied to the front surface is shown as the input TC. However, the input TC can be provided in various forms. According to the structure of the display device DD, the display device DD can sense the input TC applied to a side surface or a rear surface of the display device DD other than or instead of the front surface, and is not limited to any one embodiment.

[0044] The display device DD can activate the display surface IS to sense the input TC while displaying the image IM. In an embodiment, a planar area for sensing the input TC is shown as being disposed in the display area DA in which the image IM is displayed. However, a planar area for sensing the input TC can be disposed in the non-display area NDA, or can be disposed in all areas of the display surface IS.

[0045] Figure 2A is a view of the display device DD in which the display device DD is folded inward about the first folding axis FX1, and Figure 1 is a view of the display device DD in which the display device DD is folded outward about the first folding axis FX1. Figure 2B Figure 1 is a view of the display device DD in which the display device DD is folded outward about the first folding axis FX1.

[0046] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2A , the display device DD can be a foldable display device. The display device DD can be folded about a folding axis (e.g., the first folding axis FX1 and / or the second folding axis FX2) extending in one direction.

[0047] A plurality of planar areas can be defined in the display device DD according to an operation type of the display device DD. The plurality of planar areas can be divided into a folding area and a non-folding area based on the first folding axis FX1. In Figure 1 , Figure 2A and Figure 2B , the folding area is defined between two non-folding areas.

[0048] ​The first folding area FA1 is an area in which the display device DD and its respective components are foldable about a first folding axis FX1, and is an area in which a curvature of the display device DD and its respective components is formed. The first folding axis FX1 can extend along the second direction DR2, i.e., along a long axis direction of the display device DD. The first folding area FA1 is defined as a planar area of the display device DD that is foldable about the first folding axis FX1 and extends in the second direction DR2. The first folding area FA1 can extend further in the second direction DR2 than in the first direction DR1 to define a length in the second direction DR2 and a width in the first direction DR1, without being limited thereto.

[0049] The non-folding area is an area in which the display device DD and its respective components are not foldable about the first folding axis FX1 and / or remain flat or unfolded even when the display device DD is folded. In embodiments, the non-folding area can include a first non-folding area NFA1 and a second non-folding area NFA2. The first non-folding area NFA1 is adjacent to a first side of the first folding area FA1 in the first direction DR1, and the second non-folding area NFA2 is adjacent to a second side of the first folding area FA1 opposite the first side in the first direction DR1. That is, the flat display device DD disposes the first non-folding area NFA1 opposite the second non-folding area NFA2 in the first direction DR1, and the first folding area FA1 is between the first non-folding area NFA1 and the second non-folding area NFA2.

[0050] The display device DD can be inwardly foldable or outwardly foldable. An inwardly foldable display device DD Figure 2A ) disposes the first non-folding area NFA1 and the second non-folding area NFA2 to face each other, and an outwardly foldable display device DD Figure 2B ) disposes the first non-folding area NFA1 and the second non-folding area NFA2 to face away from each other (e.g., face outwardly). The outwardly foldable display device DD disposes the first non-folding area NFA1 and the second non-folding area NFA2 to face outwardly of the display device DD.

[0051] The inwardly foldable display device DD disposes portions of the display surface IS area to face each other, and the outwardly foldable display device DD disposes portions of a rear surface opposite the front surface or display surface IS to face each other.

[0052] Figure 2A The illustrated display device DD can be inwardly foldable such that portions of the display surface IS at the first non-folding area NFA1 and the second non-folding area NFA2 face each other. Referring to Figure 1The middle flat or unfolded display device DD can be inward foldable by rotating the display device DD in a clockwise direction about the first folding axis FX1 through the first non-folded area NFA1. To inward fold the display device DD such that the first non-folded area NFA1 and the second non-folded area NFA2 are aligned with each other, the first folding axis FX1 can be defined at the center of the display device DD taken along the first direction DR1.

[0053] Referring to Figure 2B , the display device DD can be outward foldable about the first folding axis FX1. When the portion of the display surface IS at the first non-folded area NFA1 and the portion of the display surface IS at the second non-folded area NFA2 are exposed to the outside of the display device DD and face the outside of the display device DD, the display device DD can display the image IM. In addition, the portion of the display surface IS at the first folded area FA1 is exposed to the outside, and can display the image IM. As shown in Figure 1 , the display device DD can display the image IM in a flat or unfolded state. The first non-folded area NFA1, the second non-folded area NFA2, and the first folded area FA1 respectively display more than one image IM providing information independent of each other, or respectively display a plurality of portions of one image IM.

[0054] The display device DD can be provided to be both inward foldable and outward foldable, or can be provided to be only one of inward foldable and outward foldable.

[0055] Figure 3A is a view of the display device DD shown in Figure 1 , in which the display device DD is inward folded about the second folding axis FX2, and Figure 3B is a view of the display device DD shown in Figure 1 , in which the display device DD is outward folded about the second folding axis FX2.

[0056] Referring to Figure 3A and Figure 3B , the display device DD can be inward folded or outward folded about the second folding axis FX2. The second folding axis FX2 can extend along the first direction DR1, i.e., along the short axis direction of the display device DD.

[0057] A plurality of flat areas can be defined in the display device DD according to an operation type of the display device DD. The plurality of flat areas can be divided into a folded area and a non-folded area based on the second folding axis FX2. In Figure 1 , Figure 3A and Figure 3B , the folded area is defined between two non-folded areas.

[0058] The second folding area FA2 is an area in which the display device DD and each component thereof are foldable about the second folding axis FX2 and form a curvature of the display device DD and each component thereof. The second folding area FA2 is defined as an area of the display device DD foldable about the second folding axis FX2 and extending in the first direction DR1. The second folding area FA2 can extend further in the first direction DR1 than in the second direction DR2 to define a length in the first direction DR1 and a width in the second direction DR2, without being limited thereto.

[0059] The non-folding area is an area in which the display device DD and each component thereof are not foldable about the second folding axis FX2 and / or remain flat or unfolded even when the display device DD is folded. In an embodiment, the non-folding area can include a third non-folding area NFA3 and a fourth non-folding area NFA4. The third non-folding area NFA3 is adjacent to a third side of the second folding area FA2 in the second direction DR2, and the fourth non-folding area NFA4 is adjacent to a fourth side of the second folding area FA2 opposite the third side in the second direction DR2. That is, the flat display device DD provides the third non-folding area NFA3 opposite the fourth non-folding area NFA4 in the second direction DR2 with the second folding area FA2 between the third non-folding area NFA3 and the fourth non-folding area NFA4.

[0060] In an embodiment, one folding area among the first folding area FA1 and the second folding area FA2 is defined in the display device DD, but the number of folding areas of the display device DD is not limited thereto. According to another embodiment, a plurality of folding areas can be defined in the same one display device DD.

[0061] Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of the display device DD, Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I' of Figure 4 , and Figure 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing parts BB and CC shown in Figure 5 Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 the structures in

[0062] Referring to Figure 4 and Figure 5 ​The display device DD can include a display module DM for displaying an image IM, a window WM (e.g., a window layer or a window member) disposed on the display module DM, and a protection layer PL disposed on the window WM, wherein the image IM is transmitted through the window WM to an outside of the display device DD, and the image IM is visible from the outside of the display device DD through the protection layer PL. The display module DM constitutes a part of the display device DD, and particularly, the image IM can be generated and displayed by the display module DM.

[0063] The display module DM can include a display panel DP and an input sensing layer ISP (e.g., an input sensor or an input sensing member). In an embodiment, the input sensing layer ISP can be a layer of the display panel DP, without being limited thereto, such that the display panel DP is considered to include the input sensing layer ISP.

[0064] The display panel DP can be a light emitting display panel, and is not particularly limited. In an embodiment, for example, the display panel DP can be an organic light emitting display panel or a quantum dot light emitting display panel. An emission layer of the organic light emitting display panel can include an organic light emitting material. An emission layer of the quantum dot light emitting display panel can include quantum dots, quantum rods, or the like. Hereinafter, the display panel DP is described as an organic light emitting display panel.

[0065] The display panel DP can be flexible. Accordingly, the display panel DP can be completely rolled up or folded around the second folding axis FX2 or unfolded.

[0066] The input sensing layer ISP can be directly disposed on the display panel DP. According to an embodiment, the input sensing layer ISP can be disposed or formed on the display panel DP through a continuous process. That is, when the input sensing layer ISP is directly disposed on the display panel DP, no adhesive member is disposed between the input sensing layer ISP and the display panel DP. In an embodiment, an adhesive member can be disposed between the input sensing layer ISP and the display panel DP. Here, the input sensing layer ISP is not disposed through a continuous process with the display panel DP, and after being disposed through a process independent of the display panel DP, the input sensing layer ISP can be fixed to the display panel DP, such as at an upper surface of the display panel DP. The input sensing layer ISP can be fixed to the display panel DP through a fixing member or a fixing layer, such as through an adhesive member.

[0067] The display panel DP generates the image IM, and the input sensing layer ISP acquires coordinate information about an input TC (e.g., a touch event).

[0068] The window WM can be disposed on the display module DM. The window WM can include an optically transparent insulating material. Accordingly, the image IM generated by the display module DM can be visible from an outside of the window WM through the window WM.

[0069] In an embodiment, for example, the window WM can include a glass material or a synthetic resin. When the window WM is a thin film glass (e.g., a glass film), the thickness of the window WM can be about 80 micrometers (μm) or less, and can be, for example, about 30 μm, but is not limited thereto.

[0070] When the window WM is a synthetic resin film, the window WM can include a polyimide ("PI") film or a polyethylene terephthalate ("PET") film.

[0071] The window WM can have a multi-layer structure or a single layer structure. In an embodiment, for example, the window WM can include a plurality of synthetic resin films adhered to each other by an adhesive, or can include a glass substrate and a synthetic resin film adhered to each other by an adhesive. The window WM can include or be made of a flexible soft material. Accordingly, the window WM can be foldable or deployable about the second folding axis FX2. That is, when the shape of the display module DM is changed, the shape of the window WM can be changed together with the display module DM.

[0072] The window WM transmits the image IM from the display module DM to the outside of the window WM while mitigating an external impact to the display module DM to reduce or effectively prevent damage to the display module DM or malfunction of the display module DM due to the external impact. The external impact refers to a force that causes a defect in the display module DM, such as a force (e.g., an external force) applied from the outside of the display module DM or the display device DD. The external force can include a pressure or a stress.

[0073] A protective layer PL is disposed on the window WM. The protective layer PL can improve the impact resistance of the window WM. The protective layer PL can reduce or effectively prevent scattering of a damaged and separated component of the window WM or other components into more than one component. The protective layer PL can define an outer surface (e.g., a front surface) of the display device DD.

[0074] The protective layer PL can include at least one selected from a urethane-based resin (e.g., including urethane), an epoxy-based resin (e.g., including an epoxy resin), a polyester-based resin (e.g., including polyester), a polyether-based resin (e.g., including polyether), an acrylate-based resin (e.g., including acrylate), an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin ("ABS"), and rubber. In an embodiment, the protective layer PL can include at least one of phenylene, polyethylene terephthalate ("PET"), polyimide ("PI"), polyamide ("PAI"), polyethylene naphthalate ("PEN"), and polycarbonate ("PC"). The structure of the protective layer PL will be described later with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The structure of the protective layer PL is described in detail.

[0075] At least one functional layer can be disposed between the display module DM and the window WM. In an embodiment, the functional layer can be an anti-reflection layer RPL that blocks reflection of external light. The anti-reflection layer RPL can reduce or effectively prevent elements constituting the display module DM from being visible from the outside of the display device DD due to external light incident through the front surface of the display device DD. The anti-reflection layer RPL can include a retarder and a polarizer. The retarder can be of a film type or a liquid crystal coating type, and can include a λ / 2 retarder and / or a λ / 4 retarder. The polarizer can also be of a film type or a liquid crystal coating type. The film type can include a stretched synthetic resin film, and the liquid crystal coating type can include liquid crystals in alignment. The retarder and the polarizer can be implemented as one polarizing film. The functional layer can further include a protective film disposed above or below the anti-reflection layer RPL.

[0076] The anti-reflection layer RPL can be disposed on the input sensing layer ISP. That is, the anti-reflection layer RPL can be disposed between the input sensing layer ISP and the window WM, with the input sensing layer ISP facing the window WM and the anti-reflection layer RPL between the input sensing layer ISP and the window WM. The anti-reflection layer RPL and the window WM can be adhered to each other such as by an adhesive film ADL (e.g., an adhesive member). Although not shown in the drawings, an adhesive film ADL for fixing the anti-reflection layer RPL to the input sensing layer ISP can also be disposed between the input sensing layer ISP and the anti-reflection layer RPL.

[0077] The adhesive film ADL described above can include an optically clear adhesive material ("OCA"), but is not limited thereto, and can include a commonly used adhesive or a cement. In an embodiment, for example, the adhesive film ADL can include an optically clear resin ("OCR") or a pressure sensitive adhesive film ("PSA").

[0078] The display panel DP, the input sensing layer ISP, the anti-reflection layer RPL, the adhesive film ADL, the window WM, and the protective layer PL are sequentially disposed from the support plate SP.

[0079] The display module DM can generate and display an image IM according to an electrical signal, and transmit / receive information regarding an input TC. The display module DM can include an active area AA and a non-active area NAA. The active area AA can be defined as a planar area at which an image IM is provided by the display module DM, at which light is emitted from the display module DM, etc.

[0080] The peripheral area NAA is adjacent to the active area AA. In an embodiment, for example, the peripheral area NAA can surround the active area AA. However, the peripheral area NAA can be defined in various shapes, and is not limited to any one embodiment. According to an embodiment, the active area AA of the display module DM can correspond to at least a portion of the display area DA described above. Similarly, the peripheral area NAA can correspond to at least a portion of the non-display area NDA described above.

[0081] As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 The display device DD further includes a support plate SP disposed facing the rear surface of the display module DM and supporting the display module DM. The support plate SP can support or hold the position of the display module DM within the display device DD, without being limited thereto. The support plate SP can be a metal plate. The support plate SP can be a stainless steel plate. The strength of the support plate SP can be greater than that of the display module DM.

[0082] The support plate SP can include a plurality of support plates corresponding to the non-folded areas. In an embodiment, the support plate SP can include a first support plate SP1 and a second support plate SP2 spaced apart from the first support plate SP1. That is, the flat or unfolded display device DD provides the first support plate SP1 and the second support plate SP2 to be spaced apart from each other at the second folding axis FX2.

[0083] The first support plate SP1 and the second support plate SP2 can correspond to the third non-folded area NFA3 and the fourth non-folded area NFA4, respectively. That is, the first support plate SP1 is disposed corresponding to the third non-folded area NFA3 of the display module DM, and the second support plate SP2 is disposed corresponding to the fourth non-folded area NFA4 of the display module DM. The display module DM folded about the second folding axis FX2 provides the first support plate SP1 and the second support plate SP2 to be spaced apart from each other in the second direction DR2.

[0084] The first support plate SP1 and the second support plate SP2 can be spaced apart from each other at the second folding area FA2. In an embodiment, the first support plate SP1 and the second support plate SP2 can extend from the non-folded areas to partially overlap the second folding area FA2. That is, the flat or unfolded display module DM defines a spaced distance between the first support plate SP1 and the second support plate SP2 in the second direction DR2, and the spaced distance can be less than the width of the second folding area FA2. The second folding area FA2 can have a width in the second direction DR2.

[0085] The support plate SP can further include a connection module (not shown) for connecting the first support plate SP1 and the second support plate SP2 to each other. The connection module can include a hinge module or a multi-joint module.

[0086] In Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the support plate SP is provided with two support plates, but is not limited thereto. That is, when the number of the second folding axes FX2 is increased or more than one, the support plate SP can include a plurality of support plates separated at a corresponding one of the second folding axes FX2.

[0087] In Figure 4 , the support plate SP is shown to have a structure divided into a first support plate SP1 and a second support plate SP2, but is not limited thereto. That is, the support plate SP can be provided or formed as a single plate provided corresponding to each of the third non-folding area NFA3, the fourth non-folding area NFA4, and the second folding area FA2. The support plate SP provided as a single plate can include a plurality of holes extending through a thickness of the support plate SP at the second folding area FA2.

[0088] A buffer film (not shown) can be further provided between the display module DM and the support plate SP. The buffer film can include a polymer material. The buffer film can be a layer for absorbing an impact applied from the outside of the display apparatus DD. The buffer film can be adhered to the display module DM and the support plate SP, respectively, such as by the adhesive film ADL.

[0089] Each of the protective layer PL, the window WM, and the adhesive film ADL can include an upper surface farthest from the display panel DP, a lower surface closest to the display panel DP, and a side surface connecting the upper surface to the lower surface. Each of the protective layer PL, the window WM, and the adhesive film ADL defines a distance between opposite side surfaces. As Figures 4-6 indicated, the distance between the side surfaces of the protective layer PL opposite each other in the second direction DR2 can be greater than the distance between the side surfaces of each of the window WM and the adhesive film ADL.

[0090] Figure 6 The relative shapes and structures in

[0091] As Figures 4-6As shown, the first side wall WS1 (e.g., first side surface) of the window WM can be inwardly disposed from the second side wall WS2 (e.g., second side surface) of the protective layer PL. The second side wall WS2 can extend further along the display module DM than the first side wall WS1. Inwardly disposed can indicate closer to the active area AA of the display panel DP than other comparative objects, or further away from the outer edge (or end) of the display device DD. In a direction along the display panel DP, the first side wall WS1 of the window WM is disposed closer to the active area AA than the second side wall WS2 of the protective layer PL. That is, the first side wall WS1 of the window WM can protrude less with respect to the active area AA than the second side wall WS2 of the protective layer PL. The protective layer PL extending beyond the outer edge or end of the window WM defines an extended portion of the protective layer PL. Accordingly, the protective layer PL can block external impact from being delivered to the first side wall WS1 of the window WM, and thus, can reduce the chance of having a crack in the window WM.

[0092] The first side wall WS1 of the window WM can be inwardly disposed from the second side wall WS2 of the protective layer PL by a first width W1. The first width W1 can refer to a distance along the first direction DR1 and / or the second direction DR2. Further, along a plane defined by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2, the first width W1 can correspond to a distance between the first side wall WS1 of the window WM and the second side wall WS2 of the protective layer PL. A length of the extended portion of the protective layer PL can be defined by the first width W1.

[0093] The first width W1 can be about 196 µm, but is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, for example, the first width W1 can be about 50 µm to about 300 µm. When the first width W1 increases, the second side wall WS2 of the protective layer PL protrudes further than the first side wall WS1 of the window WM, and thus, further reduces the chance of having a crack in the window WM.

[0094] Further, the adhesive film ADL is disposed on a rear surface of the window WM. A third side wall WS3 of the adhesive film ADL can be inwardly disposed from the second side wall WS2 of the protective layer PL. The first side wall WS1 can extend further along the display module DM than the third side wall WS3. Inwardly disposed can indicate closer to the active area AA than other comparative objects. The third side wall WS3 of the adhesive film ADL can protrude less with respect to the active area AA than the first side wall WS1 of the window WM. The window WM extending beyond the outer edge or end of the adhesive film ADL defines an extended portion of the window WM.

[0095] The third side wall WS3 of the adhesive film ADL can be provided with a second width W2 inward from the second side wall WS2 of the protective layer PL. The second width W2 can correspond to a distance between the second side wall WS2 of the protective layer PL and the third side wall WS3 of the adhesive film ADL. The second width W2 can refer to a distance in the first direction DR1 and / or the second direction DR2.

[0096] Further, the second width W2 can be greater than or equal to the first width W1. That is, when the second width W2 is greater than the first width W1, the third side wall WS3 of the adhesive film ADL can be provided inward from the first side wall WS1 of the window WM. The second width W2 can be about 392 µm, but is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, for example, the second width W2 can be about 292 µm to about 492 µm, but is not limited thereto.

[0097] When the second width W2 is equal to the first width W1, the third side wall WS3 of the adhesive film ADL and the first side wall WS1 of the window WM can be provided on the same line, i.e., coplanar to each other.

[0098] Figure 7 FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of the protective layer PL, and Figure 8 FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of the protective layer PL. Figure 7 FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of the surface coating layer SCL and the base layer BS.

[0099] Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 7 and Figure 8 The protective layer PL includes a base layer BS, a surface coating layer SCL, and an adhesive layer AL.

[0100] The base layer BS can include a base material BL. The base material BL can include at least one of a phenylene, polyethylene terephthalate (“PET”), polyimide (“PI”), polyamide (“PAI”), polyethylene naphthalate (“PEN”), and polycarbonate (“PC”).

[0101] The base layer BS can also include an ultraviolet (“UV”) light blocking material UVCL in the base material BL. In embodiments, the UV light blocking material UVCL can include an inorganic chemical material, such as zinc oxide (ZnO) or titanium dioxide (TiO2). The UV light blocking material UVCL can be used to reflect or scatter UV light rays. As such, including the UV light blocking material UVCL in the base layer BS can allow the protective layer PL to have a UV light blocking function. In embodiments, the protective layer PL, which includes both the UV light blocking material UVCL and the base material BL, can transmit less than about 20% of UV light rays having a wavelength of about 380 nanometers (nm) or less. That is, the protective layer PL has a transmittance of less than about 20% with respect to UV light rays having a wavelength of about 380 nm or less. When the window WM includes a thin film glass, the UV light blocking function at the window WM can be poor (e.g., minimal). In one or more embodiments of the protective layer PL, including the UV light blocking material UVCL in the base layer BS can provide the UV light blocking function through the protective layer PL.

[0102] In embodiments, the base layer BS can have a thickness of about 40 pm to about 70 pm. The base layer BS can have a thickness of about 45 pm to about 60 pm, but is not limited thereto. The thickness of the base layer BS can include a total thickness or a maximum thickness of the base material BL (e.g., base material layer) having the UV light blocking material UVCL.

[0103] The surface coating layer SCL can include a hard coat material HC and an anti-fingerprint material AF in the hard coat material HC. The hard coat material HC can provide an anti-impact layer and / or an anti-scratch layer of the protective layer PL, without being limited thereto. That is, the surface coating layer SCL can provide an anti-impact layer and / or an anti-scratch layer of the protective layer PL. The surface coating layer SCL has a single film structure. That is, the surface coating layer SCL includes one layer (e.g., a single layer) that includes both the hard coat material HC and the anti-fingerprint material AF. The hard coat material HC can include a high strength material having a pencil hardness of F or more. In embodiments, the hard coat material HC can include at least one of a silicone resin, an epoxy resin, and an acrylic-based resin (e.g., including acrylic acid).

[0104] The silicone resin can include a silsesquioxane, a silicone material, and an inorganic particle surface-treated with a silane. The silsesquioxane can be a ladder-type silsesquioxane. The silsesquioxane can be included in an amount of about 30 weight percent (wt%) to about 60 wt% with respect to a total weight of the hard coat material HC. When the silsesquioxane is included in less than about 30 wt%, flexibility of the surface coating layer SCL can be insufficient (e.g., too hard or inflexible), and when the silsesquioxane is included in more than about 60 wt%, surface hardness of the surface coating layer SCL can be ineffective (e.g., too flexible and not hard).

[0105] The siloxane material can have at least one acrylate functional group. In an embodiment, for example, the siloxane material can have an acrylate group as a terminal group. In an embodiment, for example, the siloxane material can be a siloxane polymer or a siloxane oligomer having an acrylate group as a terminal group. In an embodiment, the siloxane material can be provided as a polymer integrally formed with a silsesquioxane.

[0106] The siloxane material can be included in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 40 wt% with respect to the total weight of the hard coat material HC. When the siloxane material is included in less than about 10 wt%, the surface hardness and strength of the surface coating layer SCL can be reduced, and when the siloxane material is included in more than about 40 wt%, the brittleness of the surface coating layer SCL becomes greater, thereby causing a reduction in flexibility and increasing the chance of cracks generated during bending of the surface coating layer SCL.

[0107] The hard coat material HC can include surface-treated inorganic particles. The surface-treated inorganic particles can be inorganic particles surface-treated with silane (e.g., silane-treated inorganic particles). In an embodiment, the inorganic particles surface-treated with silane can be inorganic particles surface-treated with a silane coupling agent. In an embodiment, for example, the average size of the inorganic particles can be about 10 nm to about 50 nm. The average size of the inorganic particles can mean the average diameter of the inorganic particles, but is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, for example, the average diameter of the inorganic particles can be about 10 nm to about 30 nm.

[0108] In an embodiment, when the average size of the inorganic particles is greater than about 50 nm, the optical transparency of the surface coating layer SCL can be deteriorated. In addition, when the average size of the inorganic particles is less than about 10 nm, the surface hardness in the surface coating layer SCL can be deteriorated.

[0109] The inorganic particles can include SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, ZnO, AlN, Si3N4, or a combination thereof. That is, the inorganic particles can include at least one of SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, ZnO, AlN, and Si3N4. In an embodiment, the hard coat material HC is SiO2 surface-treated with silane, TiO2 surface-treated with silane, Al2O3 surface-treated with silane, ZrO2 surface-treated with silane, ZnO surface-treated with silane, AlN surface-treated with silane, or Si3N4 surface-treated with silane, or a combination thereof.

[0110] In an embodiment, the hard coat material HC can include about 10 wt% to about 30 wt% of the inorganic particles surface-treated with silane, with respect to the total weight of the hard coat material HC. When the inorganic particles are less than 10 wt%, the surface hardness and strength of the surface coating layer SCL can decrease, and when the inorganic particles are more than 30 wt%, the compatibility of the inorganic particles can decrease.

[0111] The epoxy resin or the acrylic resin is a monomer or an oligomer including at least one of an epoxy group, an oxetane group, an acrylate group, a methacrylate group, a urethane acrylate group, and an ethylene oxide ("EO") adduct acrylate group, and can have flexibility. More specifically, the epoxy resin can be at least one selected from a glycidyl type epoxy resin, an alicyclic epoxy resin, and an oxetane-based resin (e.g., including oxetane).

[0112] The glycidyl type epoxy resin can be a bisphenol A type epoxy resin, a bisphenol F type epoxy resin, a bisphenol S type epoxy resin, a naphthalene type epoxy resin or a hydrogenated product thereof, an epoxy resin having a dicyclopentadiene skeleton, an epoxy resin having an isocyanuric acid triglycidyl ester skeleton, an epoxy resin having a cardo skeleton, or an epoxy resin having a polysiloxane structure.

[0113] The alicyclic epoxy resin can be 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, 1,2,8,9-epoxylimonene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethanol and 3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate respectively bonded to both ends with ε-caprolactone oligomer, or an epoxy resin having a hydrogenated bisphenol A skeleton.

[0114] The oxetane-based resin can be an oxetane resin having a hydroxyl structure and an oxetane resin having a methoxymethylbenzene structure.

[0115] The acrylic-based resin is a monomer or an oligomer including at least one selected from an acrylate group, a methacrylate group, a urethane acrylate group, and an ethylene oxide ("EO") adduct acrylate group.

[0116] In an embodiment, for example, the acrylic-based resin includes bisphenol-A ethylene oxide dipropenoate, bisphenol-A ethylene oxide dimethacrylate, bisphenol-A ethoxy acid dipropenoate, bisphenol-A polyethoxy acid dipropenoate, bisphenol-A dipropenoate, bisphenol-S dipropenoate, dicyclopentadienyl dipropenoate, pentaerythritol tripropenoate, tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate tripropenoate, pentaerythritol tetrapropenoate, bisphenol-A dimethacrylate, bisphenol-S dimethacrylate, dicyclopentadienyl dimethacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate, tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate trimethacrylate, or pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate.

[0117] The anti-fingerprint material AF can include a water-repellent material or an oil-repellent material to improve the stain resistance of the surface coating layer SCL. In an embodiment, the anti-fingerprint material AF can be inorganic particles including a fluorine-based material (e.g., including fluorine). The fluorine-based material can include one of polytetrafluoroethylene ("PTFE"), polyvinylidene fluoride ("PVDF"), and amorphous fluorine.

[0118] The surface coating layer SCL can have a surface contact angle of about 100 degrees (°) to about 120° provided by the anti-fingerprint material AF. The surface contact angle can vary according to a weight ratio of the anti-fingerprint material AF to the total weight of the surface coating layer SCL. In an embodiment, the anti-fingerprint material AF can have a weight ratio of greater than 0 wt% to about 10 wt% or less with respect to the total weight of the surface coating layer SCL. When the anti-fingerprint material AF has a weight ratio of greater than about 10 wt%, the surface hardness of the surface coating layer SCL can decrease.

[0119] The surface coating layer SCL can have a thickness of about 3 µm to about 10 µm. The surface coating layer SCL can have a thickness of about 4 µm to about 6 µm, but is not limited thereto. When the thickness of the surface coating layer SCL is greater than about 10 µm, the flexibility of the surface coating layer SCL can decrease, and when the thickness of the surface coating layer SCL is less than about 3 µm, the surface hardness of the surface coating layer SCL can decrease.

[0120] The layer in which the base layer BS and the surface coating layer SCL are combined (hereinafter referred to as a preliminary protective layer P_PL for convenience of description) can have an elastic modulus of about 4.0 gigapascal (GPa) to about 5.5 GPa. The preliminary protective layer P_PL can be an optical axis control stretch film. Within the optical axis control stretch film, a difference between an elastic modulus along a first stretch axis of the preliminary protective layer P_PL and an elastic modulus along a second stretch axis of the preliminary protective layer P_PL can be within about 2 GPa. In an embodiment, the difference between the elastic modulus along the first stretch axis of the preliminary protective layer P_PL and the elastic modulus along the second stretch axis of the preliminary protective layer P_PL can be less than about 1 GPa. When the difference between the elastic modulus along the first stretch axis of the preliminary protective layer P_PL and the elastic modulus along the second stretch axis of the preliminary protective layer P_PL is greater than about 1 GPa, a shrinkage deformation of the preliminary protective layer P_PL can increase.

[0121] The adhesive layer AL can be disposed on a rear surface of the base layer BS. The adhesive layer AL is disposed to face the surface coating layer SCL, and the base layer BS is between the adhesive layer AL and the surface coating layer SCL. The adhesive layer AL can include a pressure sensitive adhesive material, however, is not limited thereto. The adhesive layer AL can include an optically transparent adhesive resin. In an embodiment, the adhesive layer AL can have a thickness of about 10 µm to about 50 µm, but is not limited thereto.

[0122] Further, the total light transmittance of the protective layer PL can be about 90% or more, and can have a haze value of less than or equal to about 1%. When the haze value is greater than about 1%, the light transmittance of the protective layer PL can be deteriorated.

[0123] Figure 9A is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electronic device EA. Figure 9B is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electronic device EA. Figure 9A shows a flat or unfolded electronic device EA, and Figure 9B shows a folded electronic device EA.

[0124] Referring to Figure 9A and Figure 9B , the electronic device EA can be a device activated according to an electrical signal. In an embodiment, for example, the electronic device EA can be a mobile phone, a tablet, a car navigation unit, a game console, or a wearable device, but is not limited thereto. In Figure 9A , a mobile phone is shown as the electronic device EA.

[0125] The electronic device EA can display the image IM at the display area DA. The unfolded electronic device EA sets the display area DA in a plane parallel to a plane defined by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2 crossing each other. The electronic device EA can include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA corresponding to the display area DA and the non-display area NDA described above with respect to the display device DD.

[0126] The display area DA can include a third folding area FA3, a fifth non-folding area NFA5, and a sixth non-folding area NFA6. The electronic device EA can be bent at the third folding area FA3 about a third folding axis FX3 extending in the first direction DR1. The third folding area FA3 is disposed between the fifth non-folding area NFA5 and the sixth non-folding area NFA6 in the second direction DR2.

[0127] In the folded electronic device EA, Figure 9B ), the fifth non-folding area NFA5 and the sixth non-folding area NFA6 can face each other. Accordingly, the fully folded electronic device EA sets portions of the display area DA to face each other (e.g., not exposed to the outside of the electronic device EA), which can be referred to as inner folding of the electronic device EA. However, this is merely an example, and the folding operation of the electronic device EA is not limited thereto.

[0128] In an embodiment, for example, the folded electronic device EA can set portions of the display area DA to face the outside of the electronic device EA, which can be referred to as outer folding of the electronic device EA.

[0129] In Figure 9A and Figure 9B , one third folding area FA3 and two non-folding areas are illustrated, but the number of folding areas and non-folding areas is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, for example, the electronic device EA can include more than two non-folding areas and a plurality of folding areas disposed between adjacent non-folding areas.

[0130] Figure 9A and Figure 9B The third folding axis FX3 is illustrated as parallel to the short axis of the electronic device EA, but is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, for example, the third folding axis FX3 can extend along the long axis of the electronic device EA, e.g., in the second direction DR2.

[0131] The electronic device EA can include sensing areas disposed as a plurality. In Figure 9A , three sensing areas are illustrated, but the number of sensing areas is not limited thereto.

[0132] The plurality of sensing areas can include a first sensing area SA1, a second sensing area SA2, and a third sensing area SA3 to define three sensing areas. The first sensing area SA1, the second sensing area SA2, and the third sensing area SA3 can respectively overlap or correspond with the plurality of electronic modules. In an embodiment, for example, the first sensing area SA1 can overlap with the camera module, and the second sensing area SA2 and the third sensing area SA3 can each overlap with the proximity or illuminance sensor, but are not limited thereto.

[0133] The electronic modules can respectively receive an external input from outside the electronic device EA and transmitted through the first sensing area SA1, the second sensing area SA2, or the third sensing area SA3 to the outside of the electronic device EA. The electronic modules can provide an output from the electronic device EA to the outside of the electronic device EA through the first sensing area SA1, the second sensing area SA2, or the third sensing area SA3.

[0134] The sensing areas can be a non-display area that does not display the image IM or can be a display area that displays the image IM. In an embodiment, the first sensing area SA1 can be surrounded by the display area DA, and the second sensing area SA2 and the third sensing area SA3 can be included in the display area DA. That is, the second sensing area SA2 and the third sensing area SA3 can display the image IM, e.g., a display area. In contrast, the first sensing area SA1 can not display the image IM, e.g., a non-display area. The light transmittance at the planar area of each of the first sensing area SA1, the second sensing area SA2, and the third sensing area SA3 can be higher than the light transmittance at the planar area of the remaining portion of the display area DA except for the portion at the first sensing area SA1, the second sensing area SA2, and the third sensing area SA3. Further, the light transmittance at the planar area of the first sensing area SA1 can be higher than the light transmittance at the planar area of the second sensing area SA2 and the third sensing area SA3, respectively.

[0135] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the electronic device EA taken along line II-II' of Figure 9A is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the electronic device EA taken along line II-II' of Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the electronic device EA taken along line II-II' of

[0136] Referring to Figure 10 , the electronic device EA can include a display panel 100, an upper module (e.g., an upper panel), and a lower module (e.g., a lower panel).

[0137] Referring to Figure 11The display panel 100 can generate an image IM and sense an input TC applied from the outside of the display panel 100. In an embodiment, for example, the display panel 100 can include a display layer 110 and an input sensing layer 120. The thickness of the display panel 100 can be about 30 µm, and is not limited thereto.

[0138] The display layer 110 can generate an image IM, generate and emit light, etc. The display layer 110 can be a light-emitting display layer, for example, the display layer 110 can be an organic light-emitting display layer, a quantum dot display layer, or a micro light-emitting diode ("LED") display layer.

[0139] The display layer 110 can include a display base layer 111, a circuit layer 112, a light-emitting element layer 113, and an encapsulation layer 114.

[0140] The display base layer 111 can include a synthetic resin layer. The synthetic resin layer can include a thermosetting resin. The display base layer 111 can have a multi-layer structure. In an embodiment, for example, the display base layer 111 can have a three-layer structure of a synthetic resin layer, an adhesive layer, and a synthetic resin layer. The synthetic resin layer can be a polyimide-based resin layer (e.g., including polyimide), and the material is not particularly limited. The synthetic resin layer can include at least one of an acrylic-based resin, a methacrylate-based resin (e.g., including methacrylate), polyisoprene, a vinyl-based resin (e.g., including vinyl), an epoxy-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a cellulose-based resin (e.g., including cellulose), a siloxane-based resin (e.g., including siloxane), a polyamide-based resin, and a perylene-based resin (e.g., including perylene). In addition, the display base layer 111 can include a glass substrate or an organic / inorganic material substrate.

[0141] The circuit layer 112 can be disposed on the display base layer 111. The circuit layer 112 can include an insulating layer, a semiconductor pattern, a conductive pattern, and a signal line. In an embodiment, the insulating layer, the semiconductor layer, and the conductive layer can be disposed or formed on the display base layer 111 as a preliminary layer by a method such as coating or vapor deposition, and then the preliminary layer of the insulating layer, the semiconductor layer, and the conductive layer can be selectively patterned by a photolithography process. Thereafter, the semiconductor pattern, the conductive pattern, and the signal line included in the circuit layer 112 can be disposed or formed as the respective patterns of the preliminary layer.

[0142] The light-emitting element layer 113 can be disposed on the circuit layer 112. The light-emitting element layer 113 can include a light-emitting element or a display element. In an embodiment, for example, the light-emitting element layer 113 can include an organic light-emitting material, a quantum dot, a quantum rod, or a micro LED.

[0143] A sealing layer 114 can be disposed on the light emitting element layer 113. The sealing layer 114 can include inorganic layers, organic layers, and inorganic layers sequentially stacked, but the layers of the sealing layer 114 are not limited thereto.

[0144] The inorganic layers can protect the light emitting element layer 113 from moisture and oxygen, and the organic layers can protect the light emitting element layer 113 from foreign substances such as dust particles. The inorganic layers can include a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, a silicon oxide layer, a titanium oxide layer, or an aluminum oxide layer. The organic layers can include an acrylic-based organic layer, but are not limited thereto.

[0145] An input sensing layer 120 can be disposed on the display layer 110. The input sensing layer 120 can sense an external input applied from the outside, such as the input TC discussed above.

[0146] In an embodiment, the input sensing layer 120 can be disposed or formed on the display layer 110 by a continuous process. The input sensing layer 120 disposed by the continuous process can be indicated as being directly disposed on the display layer 110. The direct disposition can indicate that a third component is not disposed (e.g., omitted) between the input sensing layer 120 and the display layer 110. That is, a separate adhesive member can not be disposed between the input sensing layer 120 and the display layer 110.

[0147] Referring again to Figure 10 An upper module can be disposed on the display panel 100. In an embodiment, for example, the upper module can include an anti-reflection layer 200 and an upper functional layer 300. The anti-reflection layer 200 can have a structure substantially similar to the anti-reflection layer RPL shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 Thus, a repeated description is omitted.

[0148] The anti-reflection layer 200 can reduce the reflectance of external light incident from the outside of the electronic device EA. The anti-reflection layer 200 can include a stretched synthetic resin film. In an embodiment, for example, the anti-reflection layer 200 can be provided by dyeing an iodine material on a polyvinyl alcohol ("PVA") film. However, this is merely an example, and the material of the anti-reflection layer 200 is not limited to the above example. The thickness of the anti-reflection layer 200 can be about 31 µm, and is not limited thereto.

[0149] The anti-reflection layer 200 can be adhered to the display panel 100 by a first adhesive layer 1010. The first adhesive layer 1010 can be a transparent adhesive layer such as a pressure sensitive adhesive film, an optically clear adhesive film, or an optically clear adhesive resin. The first adhesive layer 1010, which will be described below, can include a conventional adhesive or a cement. The thickness of the first adhesive layer 1010 can be about 25 µm, and is not limited thereto.

[0150] In an embodiment, the first adhesive layer 1010 can be omitted, such that the anti-reflection layer 200 can be directly disposed on the display panel 100. In a case where the anti-reflection layer 200 is directly disposed on the display panel 100, a separate adhesive member can not be disposed between the anti-reflection layer 200 and the display panel 100.

[0151] The upper functional layer 300 can be disposed on the anti-reflection layer 200. The upper functional layer 300 can include a protective layer 310 (e.g., an upper protective layer), a window 320, an upper adhesive layer 330, a light-blocking layer 340, an impact-absorbing layer 350, and an upper hard-coated layer 360. The components included in the upper functional layer 300 are not limited to the above-described components. At least some of the above-described components can be omitted, and other components can be added.

[0152] Referring to Figure 9A , Figure 9B and Figure 10 , the layers of the electronic device EA can be foldable and unfoldable. In an embodiment, for example, the protective layer 310, the window 320, and the display panel 100 are foldable and unfoldable. The protective layer 310, the window 320, and the display panel 100 can be folded or unfolded together as the electronic device EA is folded or unfolded.

[0153] The protective layer 310 can include a base layer 311, a surface-coated layer 312, and an adhesive layer 313. The protective layer 310 has a structure substantially similar to that of the protective layer PL shown in Figures 6-8 . Thus, a repeated description is omitted.

[0154] The surface-coated layer 312 can be a layer that defines the outermost surface of the electronic device EA, for example, the front surface farthest from the display panel 100 in the third direction DR3. The surface-coated layer 312 can include a hard-coated layer material HC (see Figure 8 ) and an anti-fingerprint material AF (see Figure 8 ) added to the hard-coated layer material HC. The surface-coated layer 312 has a single film structure. That is, the surface-coated layer 312 includes one layer including the hard-coated layer material HC and the anti-fingerprint material AF. Thus, the surface-coated layer 312 can have anti-fingerprint properties, anti-pollution properties, and anti-scratch properties. Furthermore, since the surface-coated layer 312 itself has an anti-fingerprint function, a separate layer having an anti-fingerprint function can not be further provided on the surface-coated layer 312. Thus, appearance defects (e.g., a phenomenon of anti-fingerprint layer peeling) of the protective layer 310 can be reduced or effectively prevented.

[0155] The adhesive layer 313 can be disposed below the base layer 311, and the protective layer 310 and the window 320 can be bonded to each other by the adhesive layer 313. The adhesive layer 313 has a structure substantially similar to that of the adhesive layer AL shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7The illustrated adhesive layer AL has substantially similar structures. Therefore, repetitive descriptions are omitted.

[0156] A window 320 can be disposed under the protective layer 310. The window 320 can include an optically transparent insulating material. In an embodiment, for example, the window 320 can include a glass substrate or a synthetic resin film. When the window 320 is a thin film glass, the thickness of the window 320 can be about 80 µm or less, for example, about 30 µm, but is not limited thereto. The window 320 has substantially similar structures to the window WM illustrated in FIG. 1. Therefore, repetitive descriptions are omitted. Figures 4-6 The illustrated window WM has substantially similar structures. Therefore, repetitive descriptions are omitted.

[0157] An upper adhesive layer 330 can be disposed under the window 320. The window 320 and the impact absorbing layer 350 can be adhered to each other by the upper adhesive layer 330. The thickness of the upper adhesive layer 330 can be about 35 µm, but is not limited thereto. The upper adhesive layer 330 can have substantially similar structures to the adhesive film ADL illustrated in FIG. 1. Therefore, repetitive descriptions are omitted. Figures 4-6 The illustrated adhesive film ADL has substantially similar structures. Therefore, repetitive descriptions are omitted.

[0158] In an embodiment, a fourth side wall 320S of the window 320 and a fifth side wall 330S of the upper adhesive layer 330 can be disposed inward from the side walls of other layers. In an embodiment, for example, the fourth side wall 320S and the fifth side wall 330S are disposed inward from a sixth side wall 100S of the display panel 100 and a seventh side wall 310S of the protective layer 310. The inward disposition can refer to being closer to the display area DA than the other comparative objects.

[0159] The folding operation of the electronic device EA can change the positional relationship between the layers. According to an embodiment, since the unfolded or flat electronic device EA positions the fourth side wall 320S of the window 320 to be disposed inward from the sixth side wall 100S of the display panel 100 and from the seventh side wall 310S of the protective layer 310, the opportunity for the fourth side wall 320S of the window 320 to protrude farther than the seventh side wall 310S of the protective layer 310 can be reduced even when the positional relationship is changed. That is, even when the positional relationship is changed, the folded electronic device EA maintains the position of the fourth side wall 320S of the window 320 to be disposed inward from the sixth side wall 100S of the display panel 100 and from the seventh side wall 310S of the protective layer 310. Therefore, the opportunity for an external impact to be transmitted through the fourth side wall 320S of the window 320 can be reduced. As a result, the opportunity for a crack to occur in the window 320 can be reduced.

[0160] A first distance d1 between respective end portions or outer side surfaces of the fourth side wall 320S of the window 320 and the seventh side wall 310S of the protective layer 310 can be greater than or equal to a predetermined value. The first distance d1 can refer to a distance along the protective layer 310 (e.g., in a direction parallel to the first direction DR1 and / or the second direction DR2). Also, the first distance d1 can correspond to a distance between the seventh side wall 310S and the fourth side wall 320S along a plane defined by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2 intersecting each other.

[0161] The first distance d1 can be about 196 µm, but is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, for example, the first distance d1 can be about 50 µm to about 300 µm. When the first distance d1 increases, the protective layer 310 protrudes further than the window 320, and an extended portion of the protective layer 310 can be bent to be attached to other components, such as a housing (not shown) of the electronic device EA. Also, when the total planar area of the protective layer 310 increases, the chance that impurities flowing out from the upper portion of the protective layer 310 are introduced into the lower portion of the protective layer 310 can be reduced. The first distance d1 can be substantially similar to the first width W1 described above. Thus, a repetitive description is omitted.

[0162] Also, the window 320 and the upper adhesive layer 330 can be combined to the impact absorbing layer 350 through a lamination process, for example. Considering a lamination process tolerance, the planar area of the window 320 and the upper adhesive layer 330 can be smaller than the planar area of the impact absorbing layer 350. Also, the planar area of the upper adhesive layer 330 can be smaller than the planar area of the window 320. In an embodiment, for example, pressure can be applied to the upper adhesive layer 330 in a process of attaching the window 320 to a lower layer of the electronic device EA. The upper adhesive layer 330 can be expanded along the first direction DR1 and / or the second direction DR2 by the pressure. In a case where the upper adhesive layer 330 is expanded, the original planar area of the upper adhesive layer 330 can be smaller than or equal to the planar area of the window 320 to reduce or effectively prevent the upper adhesive layer 330 from being further expanded than the edge of the window 320.

[0163] A second distance d2 between respective end portions or outer side surfaces of the fifth side wall 330S of the upper adhesive layer 330 and the seventh side wall 310S of the protective layer 310 can be greater than or equal to a predetermined distance. The second distance d2 can indicate a distance along the protective layer 310. Also, the second distance d2 can correspond to a distance between the seventh side wall 310S and the fifth side wall 330S on a plane.

[0164] The second distance d2 can be about 392 µm, but is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, for example, the second distance d2 can be between about 292 µm and about 492 µm, but is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, the second distance d2 can be greater than the first distance d1, but is not limited thereto. That is, the second distance d2 can be greater than or equal to the first distance d1. The second distance d2 can be substantially similar to the second width W2 described above. Thus, a repetitive description is omitted.

[0165] The light blocking layer 340 can be disposed between the impact absorption layer 350 and the upper adhesive layer 330. The light blocking layer 340 can be disposed by being printed on an upper surface of the impact absorption layer 350. The light blocking layer 340 can overlap the non-display area NDA. The light blocking layer 340 is a colored layer, and can be disposed or formed by a coating method. The light blocking layer 340 can include a colored organic material or an opaque metal, and the material of the light blocking layer 340 is not limited thereto.

[0166] Figure 10 It is illustrated that the light blocking layer 340 is disposed on the upper surface of the impact absorption layer 350, but the position of the light blocking layer 340 is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, for example, the light blocking layer 340 can be disposed on the upper surface of the protection layer 310, the lower surface of the protection layer 310, the upper surface of the window 320, and / or the lower surface of the window 320. Further, the light blocking layer 340 can be disposed as a plurality of layers. The light blocking layer 340 as a plurality of layers can include a first light blocking layer disposed on the upper surface of the impact absorption layer 350 and a second light blocking layer disposed on the upper surface of the protection layer 310, the lower surface of the protection layer 310, the upper surface of the window 320, and / or the lower surface of the window 320.

[0167] The impact absorption layer 350 can be a functional layer for protecting the display panel 100 from external impact. The impact absorption layer 350 can be selected from a film having an elastic modulus of about 1 GPa or more at room temperature. The impact absorption layer 350 can be a stretch film including an optical function. In an embodiment, for example, the impact absorption layer 350 can be a light axis control film. The thickness of the impact absorption layer 350 can be about 41 µm, but is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, the impact absorption layer 350 can be omitted.

[0168] The upper hard coating layer 360 can be disposed on a surface of the impact absorption layer 350. The impact absorption layer 350 can include a curved surface. The upper surface of the impact absorption layer 350 can be in contact with the upper adhesive layer 330. Thus, the curvature of the upper surface of the impact absorption layer 350 can be filled by the upper adhesive layer 330. Thus, an optical problem on the upper surface of the impact absorption layer 350 can be reduced or effectively prevented.

[0169] The upper functional layer 300 can be adhered to the anti-reflection layer 200 by a second adhesive layer 1020. The second adhesive layer 1020 can include a conventional adhesive or a glue. The thickness of the second adhesive layer 1020 can be about 25 µm, and is not limited thereto.

[0170] A lower module can be disposed under the display panel 100. In an embodiment, for example, the lower module can include a lower protective film 400 (e.g., a lower protective layer), a buffer functional layer 500 (e.g., a buffer layer), and a support layer 600. The components constituting the lower module are not limited to the components described above. At least some of the components described above can be omitted, and other components can be added.

[0171] The lower protective film 400 can be adhered to the rear surface of the display panel 100 by a third adhesive layer 1030. The lower protective film 400 can reduce or effectively prevent scratching of the rear surface of the display panel 100, such as during the manufacturing process of the display panel 100. The lower protective film 400 can be a colored polyimide film. In an embodiment, for example, the lower protective film 400 can be a non-transparent yellow film, but is not limited thereto.

[0172] The thickness of the lower protective film 400 can be about 40 µm, and the thickness of the third adhesive layer 1030 can be about 18 µm. However, the thickness of the lower protective film 400 and the thickness of the third adhesive layer 1030 are not limited thereto.

[0173] The buffer functional layer 500 can be disposed under the lower protective film 400. The buffer functional layer 500 can protect the display panel 100 from an impact transmitted from the lower portion of the electronic device EA. The impact resistance characteristics of the electronic device EA can be improved by the buffer functional layer 500.

[0174] The support layer 600 can be disposed under the buffer functional layer 500. That is, the support layer 600 can face the display panel 100, and the buffer functional layer 500 is located between the support layer 600 and the display panel 100. The support layer 600 can include a material having an elastic modulus of about 60 GPa or more at room temperature. In an embodiment, for example, the support layer 600 can be SUS304, but is not limited thereto. The heat dissipation performance of the electronic device EA can be improved by the support layer 600 (e.g., a heat dissipation member).

[0175] An opening 610 can be defined in a portion of the support layer 600. The opening 610 can be defined in an area overlapping the third folding area FA3. In a view in the third direction DR3, the opening 610 can overlap the third folding area FA3. Due to the opening 610 defined in the support layer 600, the support layer 600 can be deformable at the third folding area FA3.

[0176] The thickness of the support layer 600 can be about 150 μm, but the thickness of the support layer 600 is not limited to the above-described value.

[0177] According to one or more embodiments, the provision of the protective layer PL on the window WM including the thin film glass in the display device can reduce or effectively prevent damage to the window WM.

[0178] Further, the protective layer PL includes the surface coating layer SCL having a single film structure in which the anti-fingerprint material AF is added to the hard coat material HC within the surface coating layer SCL. Thus, compared to a structure in which an anti-fingerprint layer is provided on the surface coating layer SCL, the appearance reliability of the protective layer PL can be improved.

[0179] Although the present application has been described with reference to embodiments, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Further, the embodiments are not intended to limit the technical spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited by the above-described embodiments, but is defined by the claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A display device, comprising: a display panel generating an image and including an active area at which the image is displayed; a window facing the display panel and through which the image is transmitted; and a protective layer facing the display panel and the window being located between the protective layer and the display panel; wherein each of the window, the display panel, and the protective layer includes a sidewall, the protective layer sequentially includes, from the window: a base layer; and a surface coating layer having a single film structure, wherein the surface coating layer includes an anti-impact layer and an anti-fingerprint material, the anti-fingerprint material being located within the anti-impact layer; wherein, in a direction along the display panel, the sidewall of the window disposed below the protective layer is closer to the active area than the sidewall of the display panel and the sidewall of the protective layer.

2. The display device of claim 1, wherein, The protective layer, the window, and the display panel are foldable and unfoldable.

3. The display device of claim 2, wherein, The window includes a glass material.

4. The display device of claim 3, wherein, The window has a thickness of 80 micrometers or less.

5. The display device of claim 4, wherein, The surface coating layer has a thickness of 3 micrometers to 10 micrometers.

6. The display device of claim 5, wherein, The surface coating layer has a surface contact angle of 100 degrees to 120 degrees.

7. The display device of claim 6, wherein, The anti-fingerprint material has a weight ratio of greater than 0 to 10 or less, by weight percentage, relative to a total weight of the surface coating layer.

8. The display device of claim 5, wherein, The anti-fingerprint material includes a water-repellent material or an oil-repellent material.

9. The display device of claim 1, wherein, In the direction along the display panel: the sidewall of the window is spaced apart from the sidewall of the protective layer by a first width, and the first width is 50 micrometers to 300 micrometers. 10.The display device of claim 1, further comprising an adhesive layer between the display panel and the window, wherein, the adhesive layer facing the protective layer, the window being located between the adhesive layer and the protective layer. 11.The display device of claim 10, wherein: the adhesive layer includes a sidewall, and in the direction along the display panel, the sidewall of the adhesive layer is closer to the active area than the sidewall of the protective layer.

12. The display device of claim 11, wherein, In the direction along the display panel: the sidewall of the window is spaced apart from the sidewall of the protective layer by a first width, the sidewall of the adhesive layer is spaced apart from the sidewall of the protective layer by a second width, and the second width is greater than or equal to the first width. 13.The display device of claim 12, wherein: the second width is greater than the first width, the first width is 50 micrometers to 300 micrometers, and the second width is 292 micrometers to 492 micrometers.

14. The display device of claim 1, wherein, The protective layer has an elastic modulus of 4.0 gigapascals to 5.5 gigapascals. 15.The display device of claim 14, wherein: the protective layer includes an optical axis control stretch film, the optical axis control stretch film including: a first stretch axis having an elastic modulus, and a second stretch axis having an elastic modulus, and a difference between the elastic modulus along the first stretch axis and the elastic modulus along the second stretch axis is less than 2 gigapascals.

16. The display device of claim 1, wherein, the base layer includes: a base material; and a An ultraviolet light blocking material within the base material.

17. The display device of claim 16, wherein, The protective layer has a transmittance of less than 20% with respect to ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 380 nanometers or less.

18. The display device of claim 17, wherein, The base layer has a thickness of 40 micrometers to 70 micrometers.

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