Variable Shaft Diameter Cassava Stem Shredder with Ridge-like Shape for Returning to Field

Abstract

The present invention relates to a variable-diameter ridge-shaped cassava stalk crushing and returning machine to the field, which includes a frame, a three-point hitch, a transmission device, a crushing and returning device, and two ground wheels. The frame is installed behind the tractor through a three-point hitch mechanism, and the output shaft of the tractor that outputs power provides power for the transmission system. The crushing and returning device includes a variable-diameter crushing knife shaft, a crushing knife seat, a bearing seat support one, a bearing seat support two, and a profiling crushing cavity; the variable-diameter crushing knife shaft includes a small-diameter knife shaft in the middle and large-diameter knife shafts at both ends. The present invention adopts a variable-diameter ridge-shaped structure, solves the problems of more residual cassava stalks in the furrow and incomplete crushing, effectively improves the service life of the knife group, increases the striking force on the furrow, simplifies the overall structure of the machine, reduces energy consumption, increases the operation stability and safety, effectively prevents the waste cassava stalks from germinating again, reduces the cassava harvesting cost and improves the harvesting efficiency, and improves the crushing ability and working efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a variable-axis-diameter ridge-shaped cassava stalk shredder for returning to the field. Background Art

[0002] The present invention is a variable-axis-diameter ridge-shaped cassava stalk shredder designed for the wide-narrow double-row ridging planting mode of cassava, aiming to solve the problems of a large amount of cassava stalk residues in the furrow and incomplete shredding, while improving the service life of the flail knives, reducing the working energy consumption, and making technical preparations for the full mechanization production management of cassava.

[0003] Cassava is one of the three major tubers in the world. It is a stem-cultivated crop belonging to the upright shrub category. The treatment of its stalks has always been a difficult problem affecting the development of the cassava industry. Traditional methods such as burning and composting are labor-consuming and pollute the environment. Moreover, the cassava stalks themselves are rich in a large amount of organic matter and trace elements. If the above-mentioned treatment methods are adopted, only a large amount of resource waste will be caused; if they are returned to the field, they must be thoroughly shredded to destroy their spores, otherwise they will grow wildly and cause biological pollution, affecting land tillage.

[0004] Patent document: Multi-roller ridge-shaped cassava stalk shredder for returning to the field, application number: 201810676122.0. In the technical solution of the above patent document, a main shredding knife shaft, an auxiliary shredding knife shaft, a shredding cavity, a transmission system, and a terrain-following drag plate device are adopted. Although thorough shredding of the furrow and ridge surface is achieved, due to the use of multiple groups of composite knife rollers, the overall structure of the machine is complex, the dynamic balance is difficult to adjust, there is a large vibration and load during operation, the service life of the moving parts is low, and the manufacturing cost is high, which is not conducive to popularization and application and affects the mechanization process of cassava straw shredding and returning to the field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a variable-axis-diameter ridge-shaped cassava stalk shredder for returning to the field. The purpose is to provide a ridge-shaped shredder for returning to the field with a reasonable structure, being economical and practical, which can not only achieve thorough shredding of the furrow and ridge surface, but also adapt to the shredding operations of different ridge heights through the replacement of a small number of blades.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A variable-axis-diameter ridge-shaped cassava stalk shredder for returning to the field, comprising: a frame 1, a three-point hitch 2, a transmission device 3, a shredding and returning-to-field device 4, and a ground wheel 5;

[0008] The crushing and returning device 4 includes: a variable-diameter crushing cutter shaft 401, a crushing cutter seat 402, a bearing seat support one 403, a bearing seat support two 404, and a profiling crushing cavity 405. The profiling crushing cavity 405 is arranged at the bottom of the frame 1; the variable-diameter crushing cutter shaft 401 is installed in the profiling crushing cavity 405; both ends of the variable-diameter crushing cutter shaft 401 are respectively installed on the bearing seat support one 403 and the bearing seat support two 404, and the bearing seat support one 403 and the bearing seat support two 404 are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the frame 1; the profiling crushing cavity 405 includes narrow crushing cavities on both sides and a middle crushing cavity; the transmission device 3 is installed on the frame 1 and is connected to the variable-diameter crushing cutter shaft 401;

[0009] The variable-diameter crushing cutter shaft 401 includes a middle small-diameter cutter shaft and large-diameter cutter shafts at both ends. The middle small-diameter cutter shaft is located in the middle crushing cavity, and the large-diameter cutter shafts at both ends are located in the narrow crushing cavities on both sides; the crushing cutter seat 402 is symmetrically installed on the variable-diameter crushing cutter shaft in a double helix on both sides, and a set of Y-shaped cutter groups is installed on each crushing cutter seat.

[0010] A set of Y-shaped cutter groups is composed of two bent 120-degree cutter blades back to back. The top of the Y-shaped cutter group is serrated, and the cutting edge of the Y-shaped cutter group in the advancing direction has a groove and is wear-resistant treated.

[0011] There are 4 sets of Y-shaped cutter groups on each of the large-diameter cutter shafts at both ends, and 24 sets of Y-shaped cutter groups on the middle small-diameter cutter shaft.

[0012] The total working length of the variable-diameter crushing cutter shaft is 190 cm. The shaft diameter of the large-diameter cutter shafts at both ends is 20 cm larger than that of the middle small-diameter cutter shaft. The length of the large-diameter cutter shaft is 40 cm, and the length of the small-diameter cutter shaft is 110 cm.

[0013] The transmission device 3 includes: a first driven pulley 301, a first belt 302, a first driving pulley 303, a first transmission shaft 304, a first support seat 305, a first transmission component housing 306, a speed change gearbox 307, a second transmission component housing 308, a second support seat 309, a second transmission shaft 310, a second driving pulley 311, a second belt 312, a second driven pulley 313, a first bearing seat 314, a second bearing seat 315, a universal joint coupling 316 and a base 318; the speed change gearbox 307 is installed on the frame 1 through the base 318 and is located in the middle of the front side of the frame 1; the first driving pulley 303 and the second driving pulley 311 are respectively connected to the first transmission shaft 304 and the second transmission shaft 310, and are respectively connected to the first driven pulley 301 and the second driven pulley 313 through the first belt 302 and the second belt 312; the first driven pulley 301 and the second driven pulley 313 are symmetrically installed at both ends of the variable diameter crushing cutter shaft 401; the speed change gearbox 307 is connected to the first transmission shaft 304 and the second transmission shaft 310 through the universal joint coupling 316; the second transmission shaft 310 is installed between the second support seat 309 and the side plate of the frame through the first bearing seat 314 and the second bearing seat 315; the first transmission shaft 304 is installed between the first support seat 305 and the side plate at the other end of the frame through two bearing seats; the first support seat 305 and the second support seat 309 are respectively welded to the side plates on the left and right sides of the frame 1.

[0014] The speed change gearbox 307 is connected to the universal joint coupling 316 through a pin shaft 317. The outer parts of the universal joint couplings 316 on both sides of the speed change gearbox 307 are respectively provided with a first transmission component housing 306 and a second transmission component housing 308.

[0015] A second belt cover 9 is provided outside the first driven pulley 301, the first belt 302 and the first driving pulley 303, and a second belt tensioning pulley 8 is provided above the second belt cover 9; a first belt cover 6 is provided outside the second driving pulley 311, the second belt 312 and the second driven pulley 313, and a first belt tensioning pulley 7 is provided above the first belt cover 6.

[0016] The frame 1 includes: a first front cross beam 101, a first vertical side plate 102, a first vertical partition 103, a first narrow movable top plate 104, a first buckle group 105, a second vertical partition 106, a second vertical side plate 107, a second buckle group 108, a second narrow movable top plate 109, a wide movable top plate 110, a third buckle group 111, a first narrow cavity top cross beam 112, a middle top cross beam 113, a middle rear cross beam 114, a rear cross beam 115, a second narrow cavity top cross beam 116, a second front cross beam 117 and a seat plate 118; both ends of the first front cross beam 101, the second front cross beam 117 and the rear cross beam 115 are respectively connected to the first vertical side plate 102 and the second vertical side plate 107. The first front cross beam 101 is located at the lower part of the front end of the frame, the second front cross beam 117 is located behind the first front cross beam 101, and the rear cross beam 115 is located at the lower part of the rear end of the frame;

[0017] A vertical partition plate one 103 and a vertical partition plate two 106 are arranged between a vertical side plate one 102 and a vertical side plate two 107. A narrow movable top plate one 104 and a narrow cavity top cross beam one 112 are arranged between the vertical side plate one 102 and the vertical partition plate one 103. A narrow movable top plate two 109 and a narrow cavity top cross beam two 116 are arranged between the vertical side plate two 107 and the vertical partition plate two 106. A wide movable top plate 110, a middle top cross beam 113 and a middle rear cross beam 114 are arranged between the vertical partition plate one 103 and the vertical partition plate two 106. One end of the narrow movable top plate one 104 is connected to the narrow cavity top cross beam one 112 through a movable buckle group one 105, and the other end is fixed to the rear cross beam 115 through a bolt. One end of the narrow movable top plate two 109 is connected to the narrow cavity top cross beam two 116 through a movable buckle group two 108, and the other end is fixed to the rear cross beam 115 through a bolt. One end of the wide movable top plate 110 is connected to the middle top cross beam 113 through a movable buckle group three 111, and the other end is fixed to the middle rear cross beam 114 through a bolt. Loosening the movable buckle group can open the narrow movable top plate one 104, the narrow movable top plate two 109 and the wide movable top plate 110.

[0018] The vertical side plate one 102, the vertical partition plate one 103, the narrow movable top plate one 104 and the narrow cavity top cross beam one 112 form a narrow crushing cavity. The vertical side plate two 107, the vertical partition plate two 106, the narrow movable top plate two 109 and the narrow cavity top cross beam two 116 form a narrow crushing cavity at the other end. The vertical partition plate one 103, the vertical partition plate two 106, the wide movable top plate 110, the middle top cross beam 113 and the middle rear cross beam 114 form a middle crushing cavity.

[0019] Detachable serrated fixed knives are arranged on the inner walls of the narrow movable top plate one 104, the narrow movable top plate two 109 and the wide movable top plate 110. The fixed knives are trapezoidal blades; the fixed knives can be detached.

[0020] A bearing seat support one 403 and a bearing seat support two 404 are respectively installed on the side plate one 102 and the side plate two 107;

[0021] The three-point hitch 2 includes: a small ear plate 201, an ear plate 202, a suspension beam 203 and a pull rod 204; the suspension beam 203 is installed at the front end of the frame 1. The suspension beam 203 is arched. Ear plates 202 are respectively arranged at the top end and the two bottom ends of the suspension beam 203; the ear plates 202 are used for connecting with a tractor; the pull rod 204 is installed on the frame 1 through the small ear plate 201.

[0022] The small ear plate 201 is installed on the middle top cross beam 113 of the frame 1, and the two bottom ends of the suspension beam 203 are installed on the front cross beam one 101 of the frame 1.

[0023] Two ground wheels 5 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the rear part of the frame 1; the ground wheel 5 includes: a ground wheel support skeleton 501, a ground wheel rotating shaft 502, a wheel 503, a fixing frame 504 and a steering shaft core 505; the fixing frame 504 is installed at the lower rear end of the frame 1, the steering shaft core 505 is installed in the fixing frame 504, the ground wheel support skeleton 501 is connected to the steering shaft core 505, the ground wheel rotating shaft 502 is installed at the lower end of the ground wheel support skeleton 501, and the wheel 503 is installed on the ground wheel rotating shaft 502.

[0024] When the Y-shaped cutter group is initially installed, the blades installed on the cutter shaft with a small shaft diameter are shorter than the blades installed on the cutter shaft with a large shaft diameter. The blades on the cutter shaft with a large shaft diameter can be replaced in length according to the actual use situation, on the premise that the blades and the profiling crushing cavity do not interfere with each other.

[0025] Advantages of the present invention: The present invention provides a variable shaft diameter profiling cassava stem crushing and returning machine to field, which has strong cutting ability, picking ability, crushing ability and conveying ability, stable operation and high working efficiency. By the forward movement of the tractor, the cassava stems are bent or knocked down, and the cassava stems on the ridge surface and in the furrow are cut off by the high-speed rotating variable shaft diameter crushing cutter shaft. A negative pressure is formed between the cutter shaft and the profiling crushing cavity to suck the cut stems into the crushing cavity equipped with fixed knives to complete crushing, effectively preventing the waste cassava stems from germinating again, reducing the cassava harvesting cost and improving the harvesting efficiency, and improving the crushing ability and working efficiency;

[0026] Adopting a variable shaft diameter profiling structure solves the problems of more residues of cassava stems in the furrow and incomplete crushing, effectively improves the service life of the flail knives, increases the striking force on the furrow, simplifies the overall structure of the machine, reduces energy consumption, and increases the operation stability and safety;

[0027] Adopting a portable rear machine cover is convenient for the maintenance of the cutter shaft and the replacement of the blades. Adopting serrated knife edges effectively improves the chopping ability of the variable shaft diameter cassava stem crushing and returning machine to field;

[0028] Adopting a bilateral power output form, driven by belt pulleys, improves the working stability of the variable shaft diameter cassava stem crushing and returning machine to field, and has a simple structure and is convenient for maintenance;

[0029] Adopting a universal coupling to connect the reduction box and the belt pulley can effectively solve the problem of uneven force and broken shaft caused by low coaxiality during the installation of bilateral transmission, and effectively improve the reliability of the variable shaft diameter cassava stem crushing and returning machine to field. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0030] Figure 1 is the working schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 is an overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 is the structure schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 It is the front view structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 It is the bottom view structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 It is the schematic diagram of the transmission device of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 It is the structural schematic diagram of the variable shaft diameter crushing cutter shaft of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more definite, the following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the attached Figures 1-7 and specific embodiments.

[0038] Preliminary results have been achieved in the research on the existing cassava stalk crushing and returning technology and equipment. To achieve the perfect combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, aiming at the wide-narrow double-row ridging planting mode of cassava, the problem that the residue in the ridge ditch is not thoroughly crushed needs to be solved urgently. Therefore, with the goals of high efficiency, low loss, low consumption and practicality, the present invention focuses on designing the cutter roller structure and the arrangement of the flail knives of the horizontal cassava stalk crusher, optimizing the cassava stalk crushing mechanism, and through field test demonstration, improvement, perfection and finalization, achieving the practical application of production, realizing the mechanized crushing and returning of cassava stalks, reducing the cassava harvesting cost, improving the harvesting efficiency, and avoiding the environmental pollution caused by the abandonment and burning of cassava stalks.

[0039] The present invention aims at cassava fields with standardized ridging planting (mechanized planting, with standardized ridge shapes and wide-narrow row spacings), adopts a variable shaft diameter cutter roller structure (the diameter of the middle part of the cutter roller is smaller than that of the two ends), constructs an imitation ridge-shaped foundation with the cutter roller structure, and at the same time solves the problem of crushing the straw on the ridge surface and in the ridge ditch, clears obstacles for root tuber harvesting, and effectively prevents the re-germination of abandoned cassava stalks.

[0040] As Figures 1-7 shown, the present invention discloses a variable shaft diameter imitation ridge-shaped cassava stalk crushing and returning machine, which includes: a frame 1, a three-point hitch 2, a transmission device 3, a crushing and returning device 4 and two ground wheels 5. The frame 1 is installed behind the tractor through the three-point hitch 2, and the output shaft of the tractor that outputs power provides power for the transmission device. The transmission device is installed on the frame and is connected to the variable shaft diameter crushing cutter shaft 401;

[0041] The crushing and returning device 4 includes: a variable diameter crushing blade shaft 401, a crushing blade seat 402, a bearing seat support 1 403, a bearing seat support 2 404 and a profile crushing cavity 405, and the profile crushing cavity 405 is arranged at the bottom of the frame 1; the variable diameter crushing blade shaft 401 is installed in the profile crushing cavity 405; the two ends of the variable diameter crushing blade shaft 401 are respectively installed on the bearing seat support 1 403 and the bearing seat support 2 404, and the bearing seat support 1 403 and the bearing seat support 2 404 are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the frame 1; the profile crushing cavity is consistent with the blade shaft in the horizontal direction and is in the shape of a ridge; the side rear plate of the profile crushing cavity is a quick-open shell, which is convenient for blade replacement and maintenance. The profile crushing cavity 405 includes narrow crushing cavities on both sides and a middle crushing cavity.

[0042] The variable diameter crushing blade shaft 401 includes a middle small diameter blade shaft and large diameter blade shafts at both ends. The middle small diameter blade shaft is located in the middle crushing cavity, and the large diameter blade shafts at both ends are located in the narrow crushing cavities on both sides. The crushing blade seat 402 is arranged (welded) on the variable diameter crushing blade shaft in a double spiral arrangement symmetrically on both sides. There are 4 groups on the large diameter blade shafts at both ends, and 24 groups on the middle small diameter blade shaft. A group of Y-shaped blade groups are installed on each crushing blade seat and connected by bolts. A group of Y-shaped blade groups consists of two curved blades bent 120 degrees back to back. The top of the Y-shaped blade group is serrated, and the blade edge of the Y-shaped blade group located in the forward direction has a bevel and is wear-resistant.

[0043] The total working length of the variable diameter crushing blade shaft 401 is 190 cm, the two ends have large diameters and the middle diameter is small, and they are symmetrically distributed. The large diameters at the two ends are 20 cm larger than the middle diameter. The length of the large diameter blade shaft is 40 cm, and the length of the small diameter blade shaft is 110 cm.

[0044] After adopting the above structure, the present invention uses the high-speed rotating Y-shaped knife group to cut the cassava stalks, and the knife shaft and the crushing chamber form a negative pressure to suck the broken stalks into the crushing chamber to complete the crushing, thereby improving the crushing capacity and work efficiency; the Y-shaped knife group adopts a serrated shape, which effectively improves the crushing capacity of the variable-diameter cassava stalk crushing and returning machine.

[0045] When the Y-shaped knife group of the present invention rotates at a high speed, the knife top of the Y-shaped knife group can well crush the cut cassava stalks. Because the structure is Y-shaped, the crushing area is larger, the crushing effect is enhanced, and the crushing capacity of the variable-axis diameter cassava stalk crushing and returning machine is effectively improved.

[0046] The transmission device 3 includes: a first driven pulley 301, a first belt 302, a first driving pulley 303, a first transmission shaft 304, a first support seat 305, a first transmission component housing 306, a speed change gearbox 307, a second transmission component housing 308, a second support seat 309, a second transmission shaft 310, a second driving pulley 311, a second belt 312, a second driven pulley 313, a first bearing seat 314, a second bearing seat 315, a universal joint coupling 316, a pin shaft 317, and a base 318. The speed change gearbox 307 is installed on the frame 1 through the base 318 and is located in the middle of the front side of the frame 1; the first driving pulley 303 and the second driving pulley 311 are respectively connected to the first transmission shaft 304 and the second transmission shaft 310, and are respectively connected to the first driven pulley 301 and the second driven pulley 313 through the first belt 302 and the second belt 312; the first driven pulley 301 and the second driven pulley 313 are symmetrically installed at both ends of the variable-diameter crushing cutter shaft 401; the speed change gearbox 307 is connected to the first transmission shaft 304 and the second transmission shaft 310 through the universal joint coupling 316, and the speed change gearbox 307 is connected to the universal joint coupling 316 through the pin shaft 317; the second transmission shaft 310 is installed between the second support seat 309 and the side plate of the frame through the first bearing seat 314 and the second bearing seat 315; similarly, the first transmission shaft 304 is installed between the first support seat 305 and the side plate at the other end of the frame through two bearing seats; the first support seat 305 and the second support seat 309 are respectively welded to the side plates on the left and right sides of the frame 1. Transmission component housings 306 and 308 are respectively provided outside the universal joint couplings 316 on both sides of the speed change gearbox 307.

[0047] A second belt cover 9 is provided outside the first driven pulley 301, the first belt 302, and the first driving pulley 303, and a second belt tensioning pulley 8 is provided above the second belt cover 9; a first belt cover 6 is provided outside the second driving pulley 311, the second belt 312, and the second driven pulley 313, and a first belt tensioning pulley 7 is provided above the first belt cover 6.

[0048] The frame 1 includes: a first front cross beam 101, a first vertical side plate 102, a first vertical partition 103, a first narrow movable top plate 104, a first set of snap fasteners 105, a second vertical partition 106, a second vertical side plate 107, a second set of snap fasteners 108, a second narrow movable top plate 109, a wide movable top plate 110, a third set of snap fasteners 111, a first narrow cavity top cross beam 112, a middle top cross beam 113, a middle rear cross beam 114, a rear cross beam 115, a second narrow cavity top cross beam 116, a second front cross beam 117, and a seat plate 118; both ends of the first front cross beam 101, the second front cross beam 117, and the rear cross beam 115 are respectively connected to the first vertical side plate 102 and the second vertical side plate 107. The first front cross beam 101 is located at the lower front end of the frame, the second front cross beam 117 is located behind the first front cross beam 101, and the rear cross beam 115 is located at the lower rear end of the frame.

[0049] A vertical partition plate one 103 and a vertical partition plate two 106 are arranged between a vertical side plate one 102 and a vertical side plate two 107. A narrow movable top plate one 104 and a narrow cavity top cross beam one 112 are arranged between the vertical side plate one 102 and the vertical partition plate one 103. A narrow movable top plate two 109 and a narrow cavity top cross beam two 116 are arranged between the vertical side plate two 107 and the vertical partition plate two 106. A wide movable top plate 110, a middle top cross beam 113 and a middle rear cross beam 114 are arranged between the vertical partition plate one 103 and the vertical partition plate two 106. One end of the narrow movable top plate one 104 is connected to the narrow cavity top cross beam one 112 through a movable buckle group one 105, and the other end is fixed to the rear cross beam 115 through a bolt. One end of the narrow movable top plate two 109 is connected to the narrow cavity top cross beam two 116 through a movable buckle group two 108, and the other end is fixed to the rear cross beam 115 through a bolt. One end of the wide movable top plate 110 is connected to the middle top cross beam 113 through a movable buckle group three 111, and the other end is fixed to the middle rear cross beam 114 through a bolt. The vertical side plate one 102, the vertical partition plate one 103, the narrow movable top plate one 104 and the narrow cavity top cross beam one 112 form a narrow crushing cavity. The vertical side plate two 107, the vertical partition plate two 106, the narrow movable top plate two 109 and the narrow cavity top cross beam two 116 form a narrow crushing cavity at the other end. The vertical partition plate one 103, the vertical partition plate two 106, the wide movable top plate 110, the middle top cross beam 113 and the middle rear cross beam 114 form a middle crushing cavity.

[0050] Loosening the movable buckle group can open the narrow movable top plate one 104, the narrow movable top plate two 109 and the wide movable top plate 110, thus completing the blade replacement and maintenance work.

[0051] Detachable serrated fixed knives are arranged on the inner walls of the narrow movable top plate one 104, the narrow movable top plate two 109 and the wide movable top plate 110. The fixed knives are trapezoidal blades; the fixed knives can be detached.

[0052] A bearing seat support one 403 and a bearing seat support two 404 are respectively installed on the side plate one 102 and the side plate two 107;

[0053] The three-point hitch 2 includes: a small ear plate 201, an ear plate 202, a suspension beam 203 and a pull rod 204; the suspension beam 203 is installed at the front end of the frame 1. The suspension beam 203 is arched. Ear plates 202 are respectively arranged at the top end and the two bottom ends of the suspension beam 203; the ear plates 202 are used for connecting with a tractor; the pull rod 204 is installed on the frame 1 through the small ear plate 201.

[0054] The small ear plate 201 is installed on the middle top cross beam 113 of the frame 1, and the two bottom ends of the suspension beam 203 are installed on the front cross beam one 101 of the frame 1.

[0055] Two ground wheels 5 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the rear part of the frame 1; the ground wheel 5 includes: a ground wheel support skeleton 501, a ground wheel rotating shaft 502, a wheel 503, a fixing frame 504 and a steering shaft core 505; the fixing frame 504 is installed at the lower rear end of the frame 1, the steering shaft core 505 is installed in the fixing frame 504, the ground wheel support skeleton 501 is connected to the steering shaft core 505, the ground wheel rotating shaft 502 is installed at the lower end of the ground wheel support skeleton 501, and the wheel 503 is installed on the ground wheel rotating shaft 502.

[0056] The transmission device 3 drives the variable-diameter crushing cutter shaft 401 to rotate at a high speed, and the cassava stalks are beaten, crushed and scattered back to the field through the variable-diameter crushing cutter shaft 401 and the profiling crushing cavity 405; the ground wheels 5 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the rear cross beam 115 of the frame, and the center distance is the same as the center distance of the rear wheels of the tractor.

[0057] After the speed-changing gearbox 307 is connected to the power output shaft of the tractor to obtain power, it adopts a bilateral power output form, and transmits the power to the driving belt wheels at the left and right ends through two universal joint couplings, and then transmits the power to the variable-diameter crushing cutter shaft through the belt. Connecting the speed-changing gearbox and the transmission shaft with a universal coupling can effectively solve the problem of shaft breakage caused by the coaxiality error caused by the installation or working vibration of the bilateral transmission, and effectively improve the reliability of the variable-diameter cassava stalk crushing and returning machine.

[0058] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the relevant technical fields can also make various changes and modifications without departing from the essence and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0059] The content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art well-known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A variable-axis-diameter ridge-shaped cassava stalk crushing and returning machine to the field, characterized in that, Comprising: A frame (1), a three-point hitch (2), a transmission device (3), a shredding and returning-to-field device (4), and a ground wheel (5); The shredding and returning-to-field device (4) comprises: a variable-diameter shredding cutter shaft (401), a shredding cutter seat (402), a bearing seat support one (403), a bearing seat support two (404), and a profiling shredding cavity (405). The profiling shredding cavity (405) is arranged at the bottom of the frame (1); the variable-diameter shredding cutter shaft (401) is installed in the profiling shredding cavity (405); both ends of the variable-diameter shredding cutter shaft (401) are respectively installed on the bearing seat support one (403) and the bearing seat support two (404), and the bearing seat support one (403) and the bearing seat support two (404) are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the frame (1); the profiling shredding cavity (405) comprises narrow shredding cavities on both sides and a middle shredding cavity; the transmission device (3) is installed on the frame (1) and is connected to the variable-diameter shredding cutter shaft (401); The variable-diameter shredding cutter shaft (401) comprises a middle small-diameter cutter shaft and large-diameter cutter shafts at both ends. The middle small-diameter cutter shaft is located in the middle shredding cavity, and the large-diameter cutter shafts at both ends are located in the narrow shredding cavities on both sides; the shredding cutter seat (402) is symmetrically installed on the variable-diameter shredding cutter shaft in a double-helix manner on both sides, and a set of Y-shaped cutter groups is installed on each shredding cutter seat; A set of Y-shaped cutter groups is composed of two bent 120-degree machetes back to back. The top of the Y-shaped cutter group is serrated, and the cutting edge of the Y-shaped cutter group in the advancing direction has a groove and is wear-resistant treated; The total working length of the variable-diameter shredding cutter shaft is 190 cm. The shaft diameters of the large-diameter cutter shafts at both ends are 20 cm larger than that of the middle small-diameter cutter shaft. The length of the large-diameter cutter shaft is 40 cm, and the length of the small-diameter cutter shaft is 110 cm.

2. The variable-diameter ridge-shaped cassava stalk shredder returning stalks to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein The transmission device (3) includes: a driven pulley one (301), a belt one (302), a driving pulley one (303), a transmission shaft one (304), a support base one (305), a transmission component housing one (306), a speed change gearbox (307), a transmission component housing two (308), a support base two (309), a transmission shaft two (310), a driving pulley two (311), a belt two (312), a driven pulley two (313), a bearing housing one (314), a bearing housing two (315), a universal joint coupling (316) and a base (318); the speed change gearbox (307) is installed on the frame (1) through the base (318) and is located in the middle of the front side of the frame (1); the driving pulley one (303) and the driving pulley two (311) are respectively connected to the transmission shaft one (304) and the transmission shaft two (310), and are respectively connected to the driven pulley one (301) and the driven pulley two (313) through the belt one (302) and the belt two (312); the driven pulley one (301) and the driven pulley two (313) are symmetrically installed at both ends of the variable diameter crushing cutter shaft (401); the speed change gearbox (307) is connected to the transmission shaft one (304) and the transmission shaft two (310) through the universal joint coupling (316); the transmission shaft two (310) is installed between the support base two (309) and the side plate of the frame through the bearing housing one (314) and the bearing housing two (315); the transmission shaft one (304) is installed between the support base one (305) and the side plate at the other end of the frame through two bearing housings; the support base one (305) and the support base two (309) are respectively welded to the side plates on the left and right sides of the frame (1).

3. The variable-diameter ridge-shaped cassava stalk shredder returning stalks to the field according to claim 2, characterized in that: The speed change gearbox (307) is connected to the universal joint coupling (316) through a pin shaft (317); transmission component housings one (306) and two (308) are respectively provided outside the universal joint couplings (316) on both sides of the speed change gearbox (307).

4. The variable-diameter ridge-shaped cassava stalk shredder returning stalks to the field according to claim 2, wherein: A belt cover two (9) is provided outside the driven pulley one (301), the belt one (302) and the driving pulley one (303), and a belt tensioning pulley two (8) is provided above the belt cover two (9); a belt cover one (6) is provided outside the driving pulley two (311), the belt two (312) and the driven pulley two (313), and a belt tensioning pulley one (7) is provided above the belt cover one (6).

5. The variable-diameter ridge-shaped cassava stalk shredder returning to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein The frame (1) includes: front crossbeam one (101), vertical side plate one (102), vertical partition one (103), narrow movable top plate one (104), snap group one (105), vertical partition two (106), vertical side plate two (107), snap group two (108), narrow movable top plate two (109), wide movable top plate (110), snap group three (111), narrow cavity top crossbeam one (112), middle top crossbeam (113), middle rear crossbeam (114), rear crossbeam (115), narrow cavity top crossbeam two (116), front crossbeam two (117) and seat plate (118); both ends of front crossbeam one (101), front crossbeam two (117) and rear crossbeam (115) are respectively connected to vertical side plate one (102) and vertical side plate two (107), front crossbeam one (101) is located at the lower front end of the frame, front crossbeam two (117) is located behind front crossbeam one (101), and rear crossbeam (115) is located at the lower rear end of the frame; A vertical partition one (103) and a vertical partition two (106) are arranged between vertical side plate one (102) and vertical side plate two (107), a narrow movable top plate one (104) and a narrow cavity top crossbeam one (112) are arranged between vertical side plate one (102) and vertical partition one (103), a narrow movable top plate two (109) and a narrow cavity top crossbeam two (116) are arranged between vertical side plate two (107) and vertical partition two (106), and a wide movable top plate (110), a middle top crossbeam (113) and a middle rear crossbeam (114) are arranged between vertical partition one (103) and vertical partition two (106); one end of narrow movable top plate one (104) is connected to narrow cavity top crossbeam one (112) through snap group one (105), and the other end is fixed to rear crossbeam (115) through bolts; one end of narrow movable top plate two (109) is connected to narrow cavity top crossbeam two (116) through snap group two (108), and the other end is fixed to rear crossbeam (115) through bolts; one end of wide movable top plate (110) is connected to middle top crossbeam (113) through snap group three (111), and the other end is fixed to middle rear crossbeam (114) through bolts; loosening the movable snap group can open narrow movable top plate one (104), narrow movable top plate two (109) and wide movable top plate (110); Vertical side plate one (102), vertical partition one (103), narrow movable top plate one (104) and narrow cavity top crossbeam one (112) form a narrow crushing cavity; vertical side plate two (107), vertical partition two (106), narrow movable top plate two (109) and narrow cavity top crossbeam two (116) form a narrow crushing cavity at the other end; vertical partition one (103), vertical partition two (106), wide movable top plate (110), middle top crossbeam (113) and middle rear crossbeam (114) form a middle crushing cavity.

6. The variable-diameter ridge-shaped cassava stalk shredder returning to the field as claimed in claim 5, wherein: The inner walls of the narrow movable roof one (104), the narrow movable roof two (109) and the wide movable roof (110) are all provided with detachable serrated fixed knives, and the fixed knives are trapezoidal blades; the fixed knives can be detached.

7. The variable-diameter ridge-shaped cassava stalk shredder returning to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The three-point hitch (2) includes: a small ear plate (201), an ear plate (202), a suspension beam (203) and a pull rod (204); the suspension beam (203) is installed at the front end of the frame (1), the suspension beam (203) is arched, and ear plates (202) are respectively arranged at the top end and both bottom ends of the suspension beam (203); the ear plates (202) are used for connecting with a tractor; the pull rod (204) is installed on the frame (1) through the small ear plate (201).

8. The variable-diameter ridge-shaped cassava stalk shredder returning stalks to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein: Two ground wheels (5) are symmetrically installed on both sides of the rear part of the frame (1) of the frame; the ground wheel (5) includes: a ground wheel support skeleton (501), a ground wheel rotating shaft (502), a wheel (503), a fixing frame (504) and a steering axle core (505); the fixing frame (504) is installed at the lower rear end of the frame (1), the steering axle core (505) is installed in the fixing frame (504), the ground wheel support skeleton (501) is connected with the steering axle core (505), the ground wheel rotating shaft (502) is installed at the lower end of the ground wheel support skeleton (501), and the wheel (503) is installed on the ground wheel rotating shaft (502).

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