A blast hole semi-continuous air spacer device and blasting structure and installation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a semi-continuous air spacer device for blasting holes, a blasting structure, and an installation method, and relates to the technical field of open-pit mine step blasting. The semi-continuous air spacer device for blasting holes comprises a semi-continuous air spacer device, and the semi-continuous air spacer device comprises an outer cylindrical shell, and an inner cylindrical shell is arranged at the axis of the outer cylindrical shell, and the outer cylindrical shell and the inner cylindrical shell are connected by a connecting plate, and the connecting plate divides the space between the outer cylindrical shell and the inner cylindrical shell into a plurality of arc-shaped cavities. The semi-continuous air spacer device for blasting holes, the blasting structure, and the installation method reduce the cost of using the air spacer technology in the middle of the blasting hole and simplify the construction process, which is conducive to the promotion and application of the air spacer technology in the middle of the blasting hole; the application of the air spacer technology in the middle of the blasting hole can effectively reduce the unit consumption of explosives in mine blasting, significantly improve the blasting effect, and effectively control the blasting hazards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of open-pit mine step blasting engineering, in particular to a blasting hole semi-continuous air spacer device and a blasting structure and an installation method. Background Art

[0002] Open-pit mines mostly use continuous coupled charging. Under this charging form, the center of gravity of the explosive column is low and the energy release of the explosive is uneven, which often leads to problems such as poor blasting effect and large blasting vibration. Since the Soviet Union Professor HB Melnikov and others first proposed the theory of air gap charging technology in 1940, many researchers have conducted in-depth research on this technology, and proved through theory and practice that this technology has the advantages of reducing explosive consumption, improving blasting effect, and controlling blasting hazards. After the 1970s, air gap charging technology began to be used in deep hole step blasting in domestic open-pit mines, and was quickly promoted and popularized on a large scale.

[0003] According to the different spacing positions, the air gap charging technology is mainly divided into bottom spacing charging, middle spacing charging and top spacing charging. At present, the realization of air gap charging technology in blasting engineering mainly relies on various forms of inflatable airbag devices. Its basic working principle is to first place the uninflated airbag at the designated position in the blasting hole, and then inflate the airbag to expand it to achieve the purpose of spacing charging. For example, the invention patent "A blast hole air spacer" applied for authorization by Inner Mongolia Shengli Zhongwei Blasting Co., Ltd. in 2018 relies on the inflated airbag to completely fill the entire blast hole, separate the explosive column, and achieve the purpose of spacing charging. When using this kind of airbag air spacer to implement the middle spacing charging, the airbag will be inflated to completely isolate the explosive column into two parts that are not connected to each other. These two parts of the explosive column need to be placed with detonators separately, which increases the blasting cost and reduces the construction efficiency, which directly leads to the less practical application of the middle spacing charging technology.

[0004] Research shows that under the condition of the same spacer length, the blasting effect of the middle air gap charge is better than that of the top and bottom gap charges. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to design an air gap device that can solve the problem of high cost and low efficiency caused by repeated use of detonators when charging in the middle gap. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be solved

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a semi-continuous air spacer device for a blasting hole, a blasting structure and an installation method, which solves the problem that when an airbag-type air spacer is used to implement middle interval charging, the airbag expands and completely isolates the explosive column into two unconnected parts, and the two parts of the explosive column need to be placed with detonators separately, which increases the blasting cost and reduces the construction efficiency.

[0007] (II) Technical solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a blasting hole semi-continuous air spacer device, comprising a semi-continuous air spacer device. The semi-continuous air spacer device comprises an outer cylindrical shell, an inner cylindrical shell is arranged at the axis of the outer cylindrical shell, and the outer cylindrical shell and the inner cylindrical shell are connected by a connecting plate, and the connecting plate divides the space between the outer cylindrical shell and the inner cylindrical shell into a plurality of arc-shaped cavities.

[0009] Preferably, a detachable cover is provided at the opening of the arc-shaped cavity.

[0010] Preferably, the detachable cover plate is arranged at the opening of the arc-shaped cavity through a cover plate slot arranged on the connecting plate.

[0011] Preferably, connecting columns are provided on both sides of the upper and lower ends of the outer cylindrical shell, and a plurality of semi-continuous air spacer devices can be connected by connecting columns and connecting column buckles.

[0012] A blasting structure comprises a blast hole, in which a semi-continuous air spacer and explosives are arranged.

[0013] Preferably, a filling material is provided at the opening of the blasthole, a detonator leg line passes through the filling material, the lower end of the detonator leg line passes through the inner cylindrical shell and extends to the lower end of the inner cylindrical shell, and a detonator is provided at the lower end of the detonator leg line.

[0014] A method for installing a blasting structure comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Drill blast holes at designated locations according to the blasting design plan;

[0016] Step 2: Carry out blasthole inspection according to relevant specifications;

[0017] Step 3: Fill the explosives to half of the designed charge height and place the detonator in the lower charge;

[0018] Step 4: Select the number of cover plates to be removed according to the critical diameter of the explosive to ensure that the cavity diameter of the device is not less than the critical diameter of the explosive. At the same time, select the number of semi-continuous air interval devices to be used according to the designed interval height. When more than one is used, use the connecting column buckle to connect multiple semi-continuous air interval devices into a whole;

[0019] Step 5: Continue to charge to the designed height;

[0020] Step 6: Load the filling material to complete the filling of the blast hole.

[0021] (III) Beneficial effects

[0022] The present invention provides a blast hole semi-continuous air spacer device and blasting structure and installation method. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The semi-continuous air spacer device for blasting holes and the blasting structure and installation method include two concentric and co-height cylindrical thin-walled structures, the thin-wall thickness is 3-5 mm, and the cylinder height is 500 mm. The device is light and easy to carry. 1-4 devices can be flexibly selected according to the designed blasting hole interval length. A connecting column is fixed on the surface of the outer cylinder, which can realize the on-site rapid connection of multiple devices. The diameter of the outer cylinder is 80-240 mm, and the diameter of the inner cylinder is 30-50 mm, which is suitable for blasting holes with a diameter of 90 mm to 250 mm. The inner and outer cylinders are connected by 6-8 connecting plates, the length of the connecting plate is 500 mm, and the thickness is 3-5 mm. The 6-8 connecting plates divide the annular cavity between the inner and outer cylinders into 6-8 independent arc-shaped cavities. The inner cylinder is a hollow structure, without a cover plate at the top and bottom. Its interior will be filled with explosives during the charging process to transmit the detonation wave. The 6 to 8 arc-shaped cavities between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder are each attached with 6 to 8 removable cover plates at the bottom and top, and the removable cover plates are actively connected with the connecting plate through the cover plate slots fixed on the connecting plate. When the removable cover plates of the arc-shaped cavities are opened, the cavity will be filled with explosives, and together with the inner cylindrical cavity, it will be responsible for transmitting the detonation wave; when the removable cover plates of the arc-shaped cavities are closed, the cavity will be filled with air, and it will be responsible for the air separation. The volume of each arc-shaped cavity is 1 / 6 to 1 / 8 of the annular cavity. The number of partitions can be flexibly adjusted according to the on-site conditions to control the number of cavities used, so as to achieve the best blasting effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a top view of the structure of the semi-continuous air spacer;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the semi-continuous air spacer;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection state of multiple semi-continuous air spacer devices;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the buckle structure of the connecting column;

[0028] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the use of a blast hole semi-continuous air spacer device of the present invention;

[0029] In the figure: 1. outer cylindrical shell; 2. inner cylindrical shell; 3. removable cover plate; 4. connecting plate; 5. cover plate slot; 6. connecting column; 7. arc-shaped cavity; 8. detonator foot line; 9. filling material; 10. blast hole; 11. semi-continuous air spacer; 12. explosive; 13. detonator; 14. connecting column buckle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Embodiment 1: The most basic unit for realizing the functions of the present invention

[0032] A semi-continuous air spacer device for a blasting hole comprises a semi-continuous air spacer device 11. The semi-continuous air spacer device 11 comprises an outer cylindrical shell 1, an inner cylindrical shell 2 is arranged at the axis of the outer cylindrical shell 1, the outer cylindrical shell 1 and the inner cylindrical shell 2 are connected by a connecting plate 4, and the connecting plate 4 divides the space between the outer cylindrical shell 1 and the inner cylindrical shell 2 into a plurality of arc-shaped cavities 7.

[0033] The semi-continuous air spacer 11 is composed of two concentric and co-height cylindrical thin-walled structures (outer cylindrical shell 1 and inner cylindrical shell 2), with a thin wall thickness of 3 to 5 mm and a cylindrical height of 500 mm. The semi-continuous air spacer 11 is light and easy to carry, and 1 to 4 semi-continuous air spacer 11 can be flexibly selected according to the designed blasting hole interval length.

[0034] The outer cylindrical shell 1 has a diameter of 80 to 240 mm, and the inner cylindrical shell 2 has a diameter of 30 to 50 mm, which is suitable for blasting holes with a diameter of 90 mm to 250 mm. The outer cylindrical shell 1 and the inner cylindrical shell 2 are connected by 6 to 8 connecting plates 4, which are 500 mm long and 3 to 5 mm thick. The 6 to 8 connecting plates 4 divide the annular cavity between the outer cylindrical shell 1 and the inner cylindrical shell 2 into 6 to 8 independent arc-shaped cavities 7. The inner cylindrical shell 2 is a hollow structure with no cover plates on the top and bottom. Its interior will be filled with explosives during the charging process to transmit detonation waves.

[0035] Embodiment 2: To increase the sealing property of the arc-shaped cavity 7

[0036] On the basis of Example 1, a detachable cover plate 3 is provided at the opening of the arc-shaped cavity 7 .

[0037] The bottom and top of the arc cavity 7 are each attached with 6 to 8 removable cover plates 3. When the removable cover plates 3 of the arc cavity 7 are opened, the cavity will be filled with explosives, and together with the cavity of the inner cylindrical shell 2, it will be responsible for transmitting the detonation wave; when the removable cover plates 3 of the arc cavity are closed, the cavity will be filled with air, and it will be responsible for the air interval. The volume of each arc cavity 7 is 1 / 6 to 1 / 8 of the annular cavity. The number of connecting plates 4 can be flexibly adjusted according to the on-site conditions to control the number of cavities used, so as to achieve the best blasting effect.

[0038] Embodiment 3: Determining the installation method of the removable cover plate 3

[0039] On the basis of Embodiment 2, a detachable cover plate 3 is arranged at the opening of the arc-shaped cavity 7 through a cover plate slot 5 arranged on a connecting plate 4 .

[0040] The detachable cover plate 3 forms an active connection with the connecting plate 4 through a cover plate slot 5 fixed on the connecting plate 4 .

[0041] Embodiment 4: Connection method of multiple spacer devices

[0042] On the basis of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, connecting columns 6 are provided on both sides of the upper and lower ends of the outer cylindrical shell 1, and a plurality of semi-continuous air spacer devices 11 can be connected through the connecting columns 6 and the connecting column buckles 14.

[0043] Example 5: Explosion structure including the above-mentioned spacer device

[0044] On the basis of embodiment 4, it comprises a blast hole 10, in which the semi-continuous air spacing device 11 and explosive 12 of claim 4 are arranged.

[0045] Example 6: Filling and detonating structure of blasting structure

[0046] On the basis of Example 5, a filling material 9 is provided at the opening of the blast hole 10, and a detonator leg line 8 passes through the filling material 9. The lower end of the detonator leg line 8 passes through the inner cylindrical shell 2 and extends to the lower end of the inner cylindrical shell 2. A detonator 13 is provided at the lower end of the detonator leg line 8.

[0047] Example 7: Installation method of the above blasting mechanism

[0048] Installation method of embodiment 6: A method for installing a blasting structure, comprising the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Drill blast holes at designated locations according to the blasting design plan;

[0050] Step 2: Carry out blasthole inspection according to relevant specifications;

[0051] Step 3: Fill the explosive 12 to half of the designed charge height, and place the detonator 13 in the lower charge;

[0052] Step 4: Select the number of cover plates to be removed according to the critical diameter of the explosive to ensure that the cavity diameter of the device is not less than the critical diameter of the explosive. At the same time, select the number of semi-continuous air interval devices 11 to be used according to the designed interval height. When more than one is used, use the connecting column buckle 14 to connect multiple semi-continuous air interval devices 11 into a whole;

[0053] Step 5: Continue charging to the designed height;

[0054] Step six: Load the filling material 9 to complete the filling of the blast hole 10.

[0055] The key to using this device is to select the number of arc-shaped cavities covered by the removable cover plates of this device according to the critical diameter of the explosive type used (the minimum charge diameter at which the detonation wave can stably propagate under a certain charge density). The arc-shaped cavities and the inner cylindrical cavity that are not covered with removable covers at the top and bottom will be filled with explosives as the medium for conducting the detonation wave; the arc-shaped cavities covered with removable covers at the top and bottom will be filled with air to achieve the purpose of air-spaced charging.

[0056] Through the selective application of the removable cover plate, while achieving air-spaced charging, the continuity of the detonation wave propagation on the entire charge column is guaranteed, thereby solving the problem of separate detonating caps for the upper and lower charges in the air-spaced charging in the middle of the blasting hole, saving blasting costs and simplifying the construction process.

[0057] To sum up, the semi-continuous air spacer device for blasting holes, the blasting structure and the installation method reduce the cost of using the air spacer technology in the middle of the blasting hole and simplify the construction process, which is conducive to the promotion and application of the air spacer technology in the middle of the blasting hole; the application of the air spacer technology in the middle of the blasting hole can effectively reduce the unit consumption of explosives in mine blasting, significantly improve the blasting effect, and effectively control the blasting hazards.

[0058] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0059] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for installing a blasting structure, comprising a blast hole (10) and an outer cylindrical shell (1), characterized in that: A semi-continuous air spacer (11) and explosives (12) are arranged in the blasthole (10); an inner cylindrical shell (2) is arranged at the axis of the outer cylindrical shell (1); the outer cylindrical shell (1) and the inner cylindrical shell (2) are connected via a connecting plate (4); the connecting plate (4) divides the space between the outer cylindrical shell (1) and the inner cylindrical shell (2) into a plurality of arc-shaped cavities (7); Connecting columns (6) are provided on both sides of the upper and lower ends of the outer cylindrical shell (1), and a plurality of semi-continuous air spacer devices (11) can be connected via the connecting columns (6) and the connecting column buckles (14); A filling material (9) is provided at the opening of the blast hole (10), a detonator leg wire (8) passes through the filling material (9), the lower end of the detonator leg wire (8) passes through the inner cylindrical shell (2) and extends to the lower end of the inner cylindrical shell (2), and a detonator (13) is provided at the lower end of the detonator leg wire (8); A detachable cover plate (3) is provided at the opening of the arc-shaped cavity (7). When the detachable cover plate (3) of the arc-shaped cavity (7) is opened, the interior of the arc-shaped cavity (7) is filled with explosives, and together with the inner cylindrical shell (2), it undertakes the task of transmitting the detonation wave; when the detachable cover plate (3) of the arc-shaped cavity (7) is closed, the interior of the arc-shaped cavity (7) is filled with air, and it undertakes the task of air spacing; The installation method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Drill blast holes at designated locations according to the blasting design plan; Step 2: Carry out blasthole inspection according to relevant specifications; Step 3: Fill the explosive (12) to half of the designed charge height, and place the detonator (13) in the lower charge; Step 4: Select the number of cover plates to be removed according to the critical diameter of the explosive, ensure that the cavity diameter of the device is not less than the critical diameter of the explosive, and select the number of semi-continuous air spacing devices (11) to be used according to the designed spacing height. When more than one is used, use the connecting column buckle (14) to connect multiple semi-continuous air spacing devices (11) into a whole; Step 5: Continue to charge to the designed height; Step 6: Add the filling material (9) to complete the filling of the blast hole (10).

2. The method for installing a blasting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detachable cover plate (3) is arranged at the opening of the arc-shaped cavity (7) via a cover plate slot (5) arranged on the connecting plate (4).

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