Light emitting device and apparatus including the same

Abstract

The present application relates to a light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode opposite to the first electrode; and an intermediate layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the intermediate layer comprises an emission layer, a first emission auxiliary layer, a second emission auxiliary layer, and a hole transport zone, the hole transport zone is disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer, the first emission auxiliary layer and the second emission auxiliary layer are disposed between the emission layer and the hole transport zone, the first emission auxiliary layer comprises a first compound, the second emission auxiliary layer comprises a second compound, the hole transport zone comprises a hole transport compound, and the first compound and the hole transport compound satisfy inequality 1: |E 1AU,HOMO - E HT,HOMO |≤0.15 eV.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and benefit to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0037793, filed on March 27, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. Technical Field

[0003] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention generally relate to light-emitting devices and devices including said light-emitting devices. Background Technology

[0004] Organic light-emitting devices are self-emitting devices that generate full-color images, and compared with devices in the field, they also have wide viewing angles, high contrast, short response times, and superior characteristics in terms of brightness, driving voltage, and response speed.

[0005] An example of an organic light-emitting device may include a first electrode disposed on a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emitter layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode sequentially disposed on the first electrode. Holes supplied by the first electrode can move toward the emitter layer through the hole transport region, and electrons supplied by the second electrode can move toward the emitter layer through the electron transport region. Charge carriers such as holes and electrons recombine in the emitter layer to generate excitons. These excitons transition from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light.

[0006] The information disclosed in this background section is only for understanding the background of the inventive concept, and therefore may contain information that does not constitute prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Light-emitting devices and apparatuses constructed according to the principles and exemplary embodiments of the present invention have low driving voltage, high efficiency, and long service life. For example, when a light-emitting device constructed according to some exemplary embodiments satisfies Inequality 1 disclosed herein, the optical resonant distance is compensated according to the wavelength of the light emitted by the emitting layer, thereby increasing the light emission efficiency. This facilitates the efficient injection of holes from the hole transport region through the emission auxiliary layer into the emitting layer. Therefore, light-emitting devices constructed according to some exemplary embodiments exhibit significantly and unexpectedly improved characteristics in terms of efficiency and service life.

[0008] As another example, when a light-emitting device constructed according to some exemplary embodiments satisfies both inequalities 1 and 2 disclosed herein, such that the difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels between the hole transport region and the second emission auxiliary layer is small, the energy barrier between the first and second emission auxiliary layers is low. Therefore, due to the presence of the second emission auxiliary layer, holes moving from the hole transport region to the first emission auxiliary layer can flow efficiently to the emission layer, and the efficiency and lifetime characteristics of the light-emitting device are significantly and unexpectedly improved.

[0009] Other features of the inventive concept will be set forth in the following description and will be apparent to some extent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the inventive concept.

[0010] According to one aspect of the present invention, a light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode opposite to the first electrode; and an intermediate layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the intermediate layer includes an emitting layer, a first emitting auxiliary layer, a second emitting auxiliary layer, and a hole transport region, the hole transport region being disposed between the first electrode and the emitting layer, the first emitting auxiliary layer and the second emitting auxiliary layer being disposed between the emitting layer and the hole transport region, the first emitting auxiliary layer comprising a first compound, the second emitting auxiliary layer comprising a second compound, the hole transport region comprising a hole transport compound, and the first compound and the hole transport compound satisfying the following inequality 1:

[0011] Inequality 1

[0012] |E 1AU,HOMO -E HT,HOMO |≤0.15eV

[0013] In inequality 1,

[0014] E 1AU,HOMO It is the HOMO energy level of the first compound, and

[0015] E HT,HOMO It is the HOMO energy level of the hole transport compound.

[0016] The hole transport region may include a hole transport layer, and the hole transport layer may contain the hole transport compound.

[0017] The hole transport layer can be in direct contact with the first transmission auxiliary layer.

[0018] The second compound and the hole transport compound can satisfy inequality 2 as defined herein.

[0019] The second emission auxiliary layer can be in direct contact with the emission layer.

[0020] The first emission assist layer may have a thickness of about 1 nm to about 40 nm.

[0021] The second emission assist layer may have a thickness of about 1 nm to about 20 nm.

[0022] At least one of the first emission assist layer and the second emission assist layer may not contain a p-dopant.

[0023] The first compound and the second compound may each be independently a fluorene-containing compound, a carbazole-containing compound, a diarylamine compound, a triarylamine compound, a dibenzofuran-containing compound, a dibenzothiophene-containing compound, or a dibenzothiophene-containing compound.

[0024] The first compound and the second compound may each be independently represented by a compound as defined herein by formula 1 or formula 2.

[0025] The first compound and the second compound may each be independently represented by any of the compounds of formula 1-1 and formula 2-1 as defined herein.

[0026] The hole transport compound may be a compound represented by formula 201-1 or formula 202-1 as defined herein.

[0027] The first electrode may be an anode; the second electrode may be a cathode; the light-emitting device may further include an electron transport region disposed between the emitting layer and the second electrode; the electron transport region may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer or any combination thereof; and the hole transport region may further include a hole injection layer, an electron blocking layer or any combination thereof.

[0028] The hole transport region may contain charge-generating materials.

[0029] The emitter layer may contain a certain amount of substrate and a certain amount of dopant, and the amount of substrate may be greater than the amount of dopant.

[0030] The host may include two or more different host compounds.

[0031] The emission layer may contain one or more quantum dots.

[0032] The electron transport region may contain metallic materials.

[0033] The device may include the light-emitting device as defined above.

[0034] The device may further include a thin-film transistor, wherein the thin-film transistor may include a source electrode and a drain electrode, and the first electrode of the light-emitting device may be electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode.

[0035] It should be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory, and are intended to provide further explanation of the claimed invention. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the inventive concept.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a light-emitting device constructed according to the principles of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth for illustrative purposes in order to provide a thorough understanding of various exemplary embodiments or implementations of the invention. As used herein, "implementation" and "implementation" are interchangeable terms and are non-limiting examples of one or more apparatuses or methods employing the inventive concept disclosed herein. However, it will be apparent that various exemplary embodiments may be practiced without these specific details, or may be practiced with one or more equivalent arrangements. In other instances, well-known structures and apparatuses are shown in block diagram form to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the various exemplary embodiments. Furthermore, the various exemplary embodiments may be different, but are not necessarily exclusive. For example, the specific shape, configuration, and characteristics of an exemplary embodiment may be used or implemented in another exemplary embodiment without departing from the inventive concept.

[0039] Unless otherwise specified, the exemplary embodiments illustrated should be understood as providing exemplary features of different details of some ways in which the inventive concept can be implemented in practice. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, features, components, modules, layers, films, panels, areas and / or aspects of various embodiments (hereinafter individually or collectively referred to as “elements”) may be combined, separated, interchanged and / or rearranged in other ways without departing from the inventive concept.

[0040] Crosshairs and / or shading are typically used in accompanying drawings to clarify boundaries between adjacent elements. Thus, the presence or absence of crosshairs or shading does not express or indicate any preference or requirement for particular materials, material properties, dimensions, proportions, commonalities between illustrated elements, and / or any other characteristics, properties, or characteristics of the elements, unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, in the accompanying drawings, the dimensions and relative dimensions of elements may be enlarged for clarity and / or descriptive purposes. When exemplary embodiments can be implemented differently, the specific process sequence may differ from the order of description. For example, two consecutively described processes may be performed substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order of description. Moreover, the same reference numerals denote the same elements, and therefore redundant descriptions are omitted.

[0041] When a component or layer is referred to as being "on," "connected to," or "attached to" another component or layer, it can be directly on, directly connected to, or directly attached to another component or layer, or there can be an intermediate component or layer. However, when a component or layer is referred to as being "directly on," "directly connected to," or "directly attached to" another component or layer, there is no intermediate component or layer. Therefore, the term "connected" can refer to a physical connection, an electrical connection, and / or a fluid connection, with or without an intermediate component. Furthermore, the D1-axis, D2-axis, and D3-axis are not limited to the three axes of a Cartesian coordinate system, such as the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, and can be interpreted in a broader sense. For example, the D1-axis, D2-axis, and D3-axis can be perpendicular to each other, or can represent different directions that are not perpendicular to each other. For the purposes of this disclosure, "at least one of X, Y, and Z" and "at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z" can be interpreted as having only X, only Y, only Z, or any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z, for example, XYZ, XYY, YZ, and ZZ. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any combination and all combinations of one or more of the relevant listed items.

[0042] Although the terms “first,” “second,” etc., may be used herein to describe various types of elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of this disclosure, the first element discussed below may be referred to as the second element.

[0043] Spatial relative terms such as “below,” “under,” “lower,” “lower,” “above,” “above,” “higher,” and “side” (e.g., as in “sidewall”) may be used herein for descriptive purposes and thereby to describe the relationship between one element and another as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Spatial relative terms are intended to cover different orientations of the equipment in use, operation, and / or manufacture other than those described in the accompanying drawings. For example, if the equipment in the accompanying drawings is flipped, an element described as “below” or “under” other elements or features would be oriented “above” other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can cover both the above and below orientations. Furthermore, the equipment may be oriented in other ways (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and in such cases, the spatial relative descriptors used herein are interpreted accordingly.

[0044] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” and / or “including”, when used in this specification, specify the presence of a defined feature, integer, step, operation, element, component, and / or group thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. It should also be noted that, as used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” and other similar terms are used as approximations and not as terms of degree, and thus are used to explain inherent deviations in measurements, calculated values, and / or provided values ​​that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0045] The cross-sectional and / or exploded views described herein are schematic illustrations of idealized exemplary embodiments and / or intermediate structures. Thus, variations in the shapes of the illustrations due to, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances should be expected. Therefore, the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein should not necessarily be interpreted as limited to the specifically illustrated shapes of the areas, but should include deviations in shape resulting from, for example, manufacturing processes. In this way, the areas illustrated in the figures can be schematic in nature, and the shapes of these areas may not reflect the actual shapes of the areas of the device, and are thus not necessarily intended to be limiting.

[0046] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Terms (such as those defined in common dictionaries) shall be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant field and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined herein.

[0047] According to some exemplary embodiments, the host may include two or more different host compounds; the emitter layer may further include a dopant; the dopant may include a phosphorescent dopant or a fluorescent dopant; the emitter layer may further include a dopant; the dopant may be a phosphorescent dopant; the hole transport region may include at least one selected from a hole injection layer and an electron blocking layer.

[0048] According to some exemplary embodiments, the first electrode is an anode, the second electrode is a cathode, and the light-emitting device further includes an electron transport region between the emitting layer and the second electrode. The electron transport region may include at least one selected from a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, and the electron transport region may contain a metallic material. According to some exemplary embodiments, an apparatus including the light-emitting device is provided.

[0049] As used herein, the term "intermediate layer" refers to a single layer or all layers between the first and second electrodes of the light-emitting device. Materials included in the "intermediate layer" are not limited to organic materials.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a light-emitting device constructed according to the principles of the present invention. The light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer 150, and a second electrode 190. In the following, regarding... Figure 1 The structure of the light-emitting device 10 according to an exemplary embodiment and the method of manufacturing the light-emitting device 10 are described.

[0051] First electrode 110

[0052] exist Figure 1 In this configuration, a substrate may be additionally disposed below the first electrode 110 or above the second electrode 190. The substrate may be a glass substrate or a plastic substrate.

[0053] The first electrode 110 can be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on a substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, a high work function material that can be easily injected with holes can be used as the material for forming the first electrode 110.

[0054] The first electrode 110 can be a reflective electrode, a semi-transparent electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 can be indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combination thereof, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. In one or more exemplary embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is a semi-transparent electrode or a reflective electrode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 can be magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combination thereof, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0055] The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.

[0056] Middle layer 150

[0057] The intermediate layer 150 is disposed on the first electrode 110.

[0058] The intermediate layer 150 includes an emission layer 153, a first emission auxiliary layer 152-1, a second emission auxiliary layer 152-2, and a hole transport region 151.

[0059] Hole transport region 151 can be disposed between the first electrode 110 and the emitter layer 153, and the first emitter auxiliary layer 152-1 and the second emitter auxiliary layer 152-2 are disposed between the emitter layer 153 and the hole transport region 151.

[0060] According to some exemplary embodiments, the hole transmission region 151, the first transmission auxiliary layer 152-1, the second transmission auxiliary layer 152-2 and the transmission layer 153 can be stacked sequentially.

[0061] The first emission aid layer 152-1 contains a first compound, the second emission aid layer 152-2 contains a second compound, and the hole transport region 151 contains a hole transport compound.

[0062] The first compound and the hole transport compound satisfy the following inequality 1:

[0063] Inequality 1

[0064] |E 1AU,HOMO -E HT,HOMO |≤0.15eV

[0065] In inequality 1,

[0066] E 1AU,HOMO It is the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the first compound, and

[0067] E HT,HOMO It is the HOMO energy level of the hole transport compound.

[0068] In other words, the first emission auxiliary layer 152-1 containing the first compound and the hole transport region 151 containing the hole transport compound have similar HOMO energy levels. Therefore, the energy barrier that interferes with hole movement is minimized.

[0069] The light-emitting device according to some exemplary embodiments satisfies inequality 1, and therefore compensates for the optical resonant distance according to the wavelength of the light emitted by the emitting layer, thereby increasing the light emission efficiency and facilitating the efficient injection of holes from the hole transport region through the emission auxiliary layer into the emitting layer. Therefore, the light-emitting device according to some exemplary embodiments can exhibit significant and unexpected improvements in efficiency and lifespan.

[0070] According to some exemplary embodiments, hole transport region 151 may include a hole transport layer, and the hole transport layer may contain a hole transport compound.

[0071] According to some exemplary embodiments, the hole transport layer may be in direct contact with the first launch auxiliary layer 152-1.

[0072] According to some exemplary embodiments, the second compound and the hole transport compound can satisfy the following inequality 2:

[0073] Inequality 2

[0074] |E 2AU,HOMO -E HT,HOMO |≤0.25eV

[0075] In inequality 2,

[0076] E 2AU,HOMO It is the HOMO energy level of the second compound, and

[0077] E HT,HOMO It is the HOMO energy level of the hole transport compound.

[0078] Furthermore, according to some exemplary embodiments, the second launch auxiliary layer 152-2 may be in direct contact with the launch layer 153.

[0079] The light-emitting device according to some exemplary embodiments also satisfies inequality 2, such that the difference between the HOMO energy levels between the hole transport region 151 and the second emission auxiliary layer 152-2 is small. Therefore, the energy barrier between the first emission auxiliary layer 152-1 and the second emission auxiliary layer 152-2 is low. Thus, due to the presence of the second emission auxiliary layer, holes moving from the hole transport region to the first emission auxiliary layer can flow efficiently to the emission layer, improving the efficiency and lifespan characteristics of the light-emitting device.

[0080] According to some exemplary embodiments, the thickness of the first emission assist layer 152-1 can be from about 1 nm to about 40 nm, for example, from about 2 nm to about 35 nm, from about 3 nm to about 30 nm, or from about 5 nm to about 25 nm. According to some exemplary embodiments, the thickness of the second emission assist layer 152-2 can be from about 1 nm to about 20 nm, for example, from about 2 nm to about 19 nm or from about 5 nm to about 15 nm.

[0081] When the thickness of the first emission auxiliary layer 152-1 and / or the second emission auxiliary layer 152-2 is within the range described above, the hole injection and transmission characteristics of the light-emitting device 10 can be significantly and unexpectedly improved, and the increase in driving voltage can be avoided.

[0082] According to some exemplary embodiments, the first emission auxiliary layer 152-1 and the second emission auxiliary layer 152-2 may each be free of p-dopants.

[0083] In other words, the light-emitting device according to some exemplary embodiments can improve the conductivity of the light-emitting device and improve the efficiency of hole injection and transport without using p-dops in the region adjacent to the emitter layer. Therefore, in the case of the light-emitting device according to some exemplary embodiments, unlike the case of using p-dops, manufacturing costs can be reduced and the problem of increased capacitance can be solved.

[0084] According to some exemplary embodiments, the first compound and the second compound may be independently selected from fluorene-containing compounds, carbazole-containing compounds, diarylamine compounds, triarylamine compounds, dibenzofuran-containing compounds, dibenzothiophene-containing compounds, and dibenzothiophene-containing compounds.

[0085] According to some exemplary embodiments, the first compound and the second compound may each be independently represented by a compound of either Formula 1 or Formula 2:

[0086] <Formula 1>

[0087]

[0088] <Formula 2>

[0089]

[0090] In Equations 1 and 2,

[0091] L1 through L4 can each be independently substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, or substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups,

[0092] L5 can be substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 20 alkylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 20 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, or substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups,

[0093] a1 to a4 can each be 0, 1, 2 or 3 independently.

[0094] a5 can be an integer from 1 to 10, and

[0095] Ar1 through Ar4 can each be independently substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, or substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0096] According to some exemplary embodiments, the first compound and the second compound can each be independently represented by either formula 1-1 or formula 2-1:

[0097] <Formula 1-1>

[0098]

[0099] <Equation 2-1>

[0100]

[0101] In Equations 1-1 and 2-1,

[0102] L1 to L5, a1 to a5, and Ar2 to Ar4 are the same as those described in the exemplary embodiments.

[0103] X1 can be O, S, N(R) 11 ), C(R 11 (R) 12 ) or Si(R 11 (R) 12 ),

[0104] R1 to R3 and R 11 and R 12 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amido group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CF3, -CF2H, -CFH2, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C groups. 60 Alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkoxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl thioyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -B(Q1)(Q2), -N(Q1)(Q2), -P(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1), -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2) and -P(=S)(Q1)(Q2), and

[0105] R 11 and R 12 They can be optionally linked together to form substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 60 Heterocyclic groups. Variables Q1 to Q3 are defined as follows.

[0106] According to some exemplary embodiments, L1 to L5 can each be independently represented by any of the groups in formulas 3-1 to 3-26:

[0107]

[0108] In equations 3-1 to 3-26,

[0109] Z 11 To Z 14 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amino group, amido group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 Alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, pyrene group, Benzyl group, pyridyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, carbazole group, benzofuranyl group, dibenzothiopheneyl group, triazinyl group, benzimidazoleyl group, phenanthrolineyl group and -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 ),

[0110] Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10Alkyl groups, C1-C 10 alkoxy groups, phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, terphenyl groups, and naphthyl groups,

[0111] d3 can be an integer from 0 to 3.

[0112] d4 can be an integer from 0 to 4.

[0113] d5 can be an integer from 0 to 5.

[0114] d6 can be an integer from 0 to 6.

[0115] d8 can be an integer from 0 to 8, and

[0116] * and *' each represent a binding site with an adjacent atom.

[0117] According to some exemplary embodiments, Ar1 to Ar4 can each be independently selected from any of the groups represented by formulas 5-1 to 5-41:

[0118]

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] In equations 5-1 to 5-41,

[0122] Y 31 and Y 32 Each can be independently O, S, C(Z) 34 (Z) 35 ), N(Z 34 ) or Si(Z 34 (Z) 35 ),

[0123] Y 33 To Y 35 Each can be an independent single bond, O, S, C (Z) 36 (Z) 37 ), N(Z 36 ) or Si(Z 36 (Z) 37 ),

[0124] Z 31 To Z 37 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidine group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 alkenyl groups, C1-C20 alkynyl group, C1-C 20 Alkoxy groups, phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, triphenyl groups, naphthyl groups, fluorenyl groups, spiro-difluorenyl groups, phenanthrene groups, anthracene groups, benzo[a]phenanthrene groups, pyridyl groups, pyrimidinyl groups, carbazole groups, and triazine groups.

[0125] e2 can be 1 or 2.

[0126] e3 can be an integer from 1 to 3.

[0127] e4 can be an integer from 1 to 4.

[0128] e5 can be an integer from 1 to 5.

[0129] e6 can be an integer from 1 to 6.

[0130] e7 can be an integer from 1 to 7.

[0131] e9 can be an integer from 1 to 9, and

[0132] * indicates a binding site with an adjacent atom.

[0133] According to some exemplary implementations, R1 to R3, R 11 and R 12 Each of these groups can be independently: hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, vinyl group, propenyl group, butenyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, sec-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, or tert-butoxy group; or

[0134] A group represented by any of the formulas 5-1 to 5-41.

[0135] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the first compound and the second compound may be selected from compound 1 and compound 2:

[0136]

[0137] Hole transport compounds can be understood by referring to the description of the material used for the hole transport region, which will be described later.

[0138] Hole transport region in intermediate layer 150

[0139] Hole transport regions can have: i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer made of a single material, ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer containing multiple different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure including multiple layers containing different materials.

[0140] The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an electron blocking layer (EBL), or any combination thereof.

[0141] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the hole transport region may have a multi-layer structure of hole injection layer / hole transport layer structure or hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer structure, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0142] The hole transport region contains a hole transport compound, such as a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof:

[0143] <Form 201>

[0144]

[0145] <Form 202>

[0146]

[0147] In equations 201 and 202,

[0148] L 201 To L 204 Each can be either substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, or substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups,

[0149] L 205 It can be *-O-*', *-S-*', or *-N(Q) 201 )-*', substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 alkylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 20 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, or substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups,

[0150] xa1 to xa4 can each be 0, 1, 2 or 3 independently.

[0151] xa5 can be an integer from 1 to 10, and

[0152] R 201 To R 204 and Q 201 Each can be either substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, or substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0153] In one or more exemplary embodiments, in formula 202, R 201 and R 202 They can be optionally linked together via single bonds, dimethyl-methylene groups, or diphenyl-methylene groups, and R 203 and R 204 They can be optionally linked together via single bonds, dimethyl-methylene groups, or diphenyl-methylene groups.

[0154] In one or more exemplary embodiments, i) R in Formula 201 201 To R 203 at least one of them and R in equation 202 (ii) 201 To R 204 At least one of them can be independently unsubstituted or replaced by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C1-C20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 Alkoxy group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, C1-C 10 Alkyl-substituted phenyl groups, -F-substituted phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, phenanthrene groups, indole groups, fluorenyl groups, dimethylfluorenyl groups, diphenylfluorenyl groups, spiro-difluorenyl groups, benzo[a]fluorenyl groups, dimethylbenzo[a]fluorenyl groups, diphenylbenzo[a]fluorenyl groups, indophenanthrene groups, dimethylindophenanthrene groups, diphenylindophenanthrene groups, pyridyl groups, pyrrole groups, thiophene groups, furanyl groups, indole groups, phenylindole groups, benzo[a]indole groups, phenylbenzo[a]indole groups, isoindole groups, phenyl isoindole groups, benzo[a]isoindole groups, phenyl[a]isoindole groups, phenylbenzo[a]isoindole groups, benzo[a]thiophene groups, dimethylbenzo[a]thiophene groups, diphenylbenzo[a]thiophene groups, benzo[a]thiophene groups The substituted fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, indo[a]phenanthryl group, pyridyl group, pyrroleyl group, thiopheneyl group, furanyl group, indoleyl group, benzo[a]indoleyl group, isoindoleyl group, benzo[a]isoindoleyl group, benzo[a]thiopheneyl group, benzo[a]furanyl group, carbazoleyl group, phenylcarbazoleyl group, biphenylcarbazoleyl group, dibenzo[a]thiopheneyl group, dimethyldibenzo[a]thiopheneyl group, diphenyldibenzo[a]thiopheneyl group, dibenzo[a]thiopheneyl group, or dibenzo[a]furanyl group may be selected from the following groups: phenanthryl group, benzo[a]furanyl group, carbazoleyl group, dibenzo[a]thiopheneyl group, dibenzo[a]furanyl group, carbazoleyl group, dibenzo[a]thiopheneyl group, or dibenzo[a]furanyl group, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0155] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the compound represented by formula 201 or formula 202 may contain at least one carbazole group.

[0156] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the compound represented by formula 201 may not contain a carbazole group.

[0157] According to some exemplary embodiments, the hole transport compound can be represented by formula 201-1 or formula 202-1:

[0158] <Formula 201-1>

[0159]

[0160] <Formula 202-1>

[0161]

[0162] In Equations 201-1 and 202-1,

[0163] L 201 To L 204 xa1 to xa5 and R 202 To R 204 Same as described above,

[0164] X 211 It can be O, S, N(R) 211 ), C(R 211 (R) 212 ) or Si(R 211 (R) 212 ),

[0165] R 211 To R 215 Each can be either substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, or substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, and

[0166] R 211 and R 212 They can be optionally linked together to form substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 60 Heterocyclic groups.

[0167] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the hole transport compound may be represented by formula 201A-1:

[0168] <Form 201A-1>

[0169]

[0170] In Equation 201A-1, L 203 xa3 and R 203 Same as described above, and R 211 To R 216 Each of these can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C1-C20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 Alkoxy group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, C1-C 10 Alkyl-substituted phenyl groups, -F-substituted phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, phenanthrene groups, indole groups, fluorenyl groups, dimethylfluorenyl groups, diphenylfluorenyl groups, spiro-difluorenyl groups, benzo[a]fluorenyl groups, dimethylbenzo[a]fluorenyl groups, diphenylbenzo[a]fluorenyl groups, indo[a]phenanthrene groups, dimethylindo[a]phenanthrene groups, diphenylindo[a]phenanthrene groups, pyridyl groups, pyrrole groups, thiophene groups, furanyl groups, indole groups, phenylindole groups, benzo[a]indole groups , phenylbenzoindolyl group, isoindolyl group, phenylisoindolyl group, benzoisoindolyl group, phenylbenzoisoindolyl group, benzothiopyrrolyl group, dimethylbenzothiopyrrolyl group, diphenylbenzothiopyrrolyl group, benzothiophenyl group, benzofuranyl group, carbazole group, phenylcarbazole group, diphenylcarbazole group, dibenzothiopyrrolyl group, dimethyldibenzothiopyrrolyl group, diphenyldibenzothiopyrrolyl group, dibenzothiophenyl group or dibenzofuranyl group.

[0171] Hole transport regions may contain compounds HT1 to HT44, 4,4',4”-tris[phenyl(m-tolyl)amino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 1-N,1-N-bis[4-(diphenylamino)phenyl]-4-N,4-N-diphenylphenyl-1,4-diamine (TDATA), 4,4',4”-tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA); N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-( 1,1'-Biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB or NPD), N4,N4'-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)-N4,N4'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (β-NPB), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (TPD), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-9,9-spirodifluorene-2,7-diamine (spiro-TPD), N2,N7-bis-( 1-Naphthyl)-N2,N7-diphenyl-9,9'-spirobis[9H-fluorene]-2,7-diamine (spiro-NPB), N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-2,2'-dimethyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (methylated-NPB), 4,4'-cyclohexylbis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), N,N,N',N'-tetra(3-methylphenyl)-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl Aniline (HMTPD), 4,4',4”-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), or any combination thereof, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0172]

[0173]

[0174]

[0175]

[0176] The thickness of the hole transport region 151 can be approximately to approximately For example, about to approximately When the hole transport region 151 includes at least one of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, the thickness of the hole injection layer can be approximately to approximately For example, about to approximately Furthermore, the thickness of the hole transport layer can be approximately to approximately For example, about to approximately When the thicknesses of the hole transport region 151, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within these ranges, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in the driving voltage.

[0177] The electron blocking layer prevents the injection of electrons from the electron transport region. The electron blocking layer may contain materials as described above.

[0178] p-dopants

[0179] In addition to these materials, the hole transport region 151 may contain a charge-generating material for improving conductivity. The charge-generating material may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region 151.

[0180] The charge-generating material can be, for example, a p-dopant. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the p-dopant can be about -3.5 eV or less than -3.5 eV. The p-dopant can include quinone derivatives, metal oxides, cyano-containing compounds, or any combination thereof, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0181] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the p-doper may include: a metal-halogen compound, such as CuI; a quinone derivative, such as TCNQ or F4-TCNQ; a metal oxide, such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide; a cyano-containing compound, such as 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenyl-hexacarboxynitrile (HAT-CN); a compound represented by Formula 221; or any combination thereof.

[0182] However, the exemplary implementation is not limited to this:

[0183]

[0184] <Formula 221>

[0185]

[0186] In Equation 221,

[0187] R 221 To R 223 Each can be either substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, or substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, and R 221 To R 223 At least one of them can be independently unsubstituted or cyano-substituted; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; C1-C substituted with at least one cyano-substituted group 20 Alkyl group; C1-C substituent with at least one -F group 20 Alkyl group; C1-C substituent with at least one -Cl group 20 Alkyl group; C1-C substituent with at least one -Br 20 Alkyl group; C1-C substituent with at least one -I group 20 Alkyl groups; or any combination thereof substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, C6-C 60 aryl group, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, or monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0188] The intermediate layer 150 may further include an electron transport region between the emitter layer 153 and the second electrode 190.

[0189] In addition to various organic materials, the intermediate layer 150 may further contain metal-containing compounds (e.g., organometallic compounds), inorganic materials (e.g., quantum dots), etc.

[0190] Emission layer 153 in intermediate layer 150

[0191] When the light-emitting device 10 is a full-color light-emitting device, the emitting layer 153 can be patterned into a red emitting layer, a green emitting layer, and / or a blue emitting layer according to representative sub-pixels. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the emitting layer 153 may have a stacked structure of two or more layers selected from the red, green, and blue emitting layers, wherein the two or more layers are in contact with or spaced apart from each other. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the emitting layer 153 may contain two or more materials selected from the red-emitting, green-emitting, and blue-emitting materials, wherein the two or more materials are mixed with each other in a single layer to emit white light.

[0192] The emitting layer 153 may comprise a host and a dopant. The dopant may include phosphorescent dopant, fluorescent dopant, or any combination thereof. Based on 100 parts by weight of the host, the amount of dopant in the emitting layer 153 may be from about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight. However, exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0193] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the emitter layer 153 may comprise quantum dots. The thickness of the emitter layer 153 may be approximately... to approximately For example, about to approximately When the thickness of the emitting layer 153 is within this range, excellent light emission characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0194] The main body in the emission layer 153

[0195] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the body may include a compound represented by the following formula 301:

[0196] <Formula 301>

[0197] [Ar 301 ] xb11 -[(L 301 ) xb1 -R 301 ] xb21 .

[0198] In Equation 301,

[0199] Ar 301 It can be substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0200] xb11 can be 1, 2, or 3.

[0201] L 301 It can be substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 The heteroaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group, and xb1 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

[0202] R 301 It can be deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkoxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q 301 (Q) 302 (Q) 303 -N(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -B(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -C(=O)(Q) 301 -S(=O)2(Q) 301 ) or -P(=O)(Q 301 (Q) 302 ),

[0203] xb21 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and

[0204] Q 301 To Q 303 Same as the following description of Q1.

[0205] In one or more exemplary embodiments, when xb11 in formula 301 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more Ar 301 They can be connected to each other via a single key.

[0206] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the body may include a compound represented by Formula 301-1, a compound represented by Formula 301-2, or any combination thereof:

[0207] <Formula 301-1>

[0208]

[0209] <Formula 301-2>

[0210]

[0211] In Equations 301-1 and 301-2,

[0212] Ring A 301 To Ring A 304 Each can be C5-C independently. 60 Carbocyclic groups or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0213] X 301 It can be O, S, N[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ]、C(R 304 (R) 305 ) or Si(R 304 (R) 305 ),

[0214] xb22 and xb23 can each be 0, 1, or 2 independently.

[0215] L 301 xb1 and R 301 Same as described above,

[0216] L 302 To L 304 Each independently and about L 301 The descriptions are the same.

[0217] xb2 to xb4 are each independently identical to the description of xb1, and

[0218] R 302 To R305 and R 311 To R 314 Regarding R 301 The descriptions are the same.

[0219] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the body may include an alkaline earth metal complex. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the body may be a Be complex (e.g., compound H55), a Mg complex, a Zn complex, or any combination thereof.

[0220] In one or more embodiments, the main body may include one or any combination of compounds H1 to H120, 9,10-bis(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), 9,10-bis-(2-naphthyl)-2-tert-butyl-anthracene (TBADN), 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-bis(carbazolyl-9-yl)benzene (mCP), and 1,3,5-tris(carbazolyl-9-yl)benzene (TCP), but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0221]

[0222]

[0223]

[0224]

[0225]

[0226]

[0227] According to some exemplary embodiments, the body may include two or more different body compounds. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the body may include a first body compound and a second body compound.

[0228] The first host compound may be a hole transport compound that does not contain an electron transport portion, and the second host compound may be an electron transport compound that contains an electron transport portion or a bipolar compound that contains an electron transport portion.

[0229] According to some exemplary embodiments, the electron transport portion may include at least one selected from cyano groups, phosphine oxide groups, sulfone oxide groups, sulfonate groups, and nitrogen rings containing π-electron-deficient nitrogen.

[0230] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the electron transport portion may include at least one selected from pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, and quinazoline groups.

[0231] According to some exemplary embodiments, the first host compound may be a compound represented by any one of formulas 311-1 to 311-5:

[0232] <Formula 311-1>

[0233]

[0234] <Formula 311-2>

[0235]

[0236] <Formula 311-3>

[0237]

[0238] <Formula 311-4>

[0239]

[0240] <Formula 311-5>

[0241]

[0242] In equations 311-1 to 311-5,

[0243] A 301 To A 304 Each group can be independently selected from phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, phenanthrene groups, fluoranthene groups, benzo[a]phenanthrene groups, pyrene groups, etc. Groups, indene group, fluorene group, spiro-difluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, dibenzo[a]fluorene group, indole group, carbazole group, benzo[a]carbazole group, dibenzo[a]carbazole group, furan group, benzo[a]furan group, dibenzo[a]furan group, naphthofuran group, benzo[a]naphthofuran group, dinaphthofuran group, thiophene group, benzo[a]thiophene group, dibenzo[a]thiophene group, naphthothiophene group, benzo[a]naphthothiophene group and dinaphthothiophene group,

[0244] X 301 It can be O, S, N-[(L 305 ) xb5 -R 305 ]、C[(L 305 ) xb5 -R 305 ][(L 306 ) xb6 -R 306 ] or Si[(L305 ) xb5 -R 305 ][(L 306 ) xb6 -R 306 ],

[0245] X 302 Y 301 and Y 302 Each can be an independent single bond, O, S, N-[(L 305 ) xb5 -R 305 ]、C[(L 305 ) xb5 -R 305 ][(L 306 ) xb6 -R 306 ]、Si[(L 305 ) xb5 -R 305 ][(L 306 ) xb6 -R 306 ] or S(=O)2,

[0246] Ar 301 It can be substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0247] xb11 can be 1, 2, or 3.

[0248] xb21 to xb24 can each be 0, 1, or 2 independently.

[0249] L 301 To L 307 Each can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0250] xb1 to xb6 can be integers from 0 to 5.

[0251] xb7 can be an integer from 1 to 5.

[0252] R 301 To R 306 Each group can be independently selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amido group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C groups. 60 Alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkoxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q 301 (Q) 302 (Q) 303 -N(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -B(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -C(=O)(Q) 301 -S(=O)2(Q) 301 ) and -P(=O)(Q 301 (Q) 302 ),

[0253] R 311 To R 314 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidine group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 Alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, naphthyl group, -Si(Q) 301 (Q) 302 (Q) 303 -N(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -B(Q) 301 (Q) 302-C(=O)(Q) 301 -S(=O)2(Q) 301 ) and -P(=O)(Q 301 (Q) 302 ),as well as

[0254] Q 301 To Q 303 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidine group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, C6-C 60 aryl group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aryl thiols, C1-C 60 heteroaryl groups, C1-C 60 heteroaryloxy groups, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl thio groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, biphenyl groups, and terphenyl groups.

[0255] According to some exemplary embodiments, the first host compound may be selected from fluorene-containing compounds, carbazole-containing compounds, diarylamine compounds, triarylamine compounds, dibenzofuran-containing compounds, dibenzothiophene-containing compounds, and dibenzothiophene-containing compounds.

[0256] According to some exemplary embodiments, in equations 311-1 to 311-5, A 301 To A 304 Each group can be independently selected from phenyl groups, indene groups, naphthyl groups, anthracene groups, fluorene groups, phenanthrene groups, and carbazole groups.

[0257] According to some exemplary embodiments, in equations 311-1 to 311-5, A 301 To A 304 Each group can be independently selected from phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, and phenanthrene groups.

[0258] According to some exemplary embodiments, in equations 311-1 to 311-5, A 301 To A 304 It can be a phenyl group or a naphthalene group.

[0259] According to some exemplary embodiments, in equations 311-1 to 311-5, L 301 To L 307 Each can be selected independently from:

[0260] Phenylidene group, naphthyl group, fluorenelidene group, spiro-difluorenelidene group, benzo[a]fluorenelidene group, dibenzo[a]fluorenelidene group, phenanthrenelidene group, anthracenelidene group, fluorenethracene group, benzo[a]phenanthrenelidene group, pyrene group, etc. Perylene group, pentaphenylene group, hexaphenylene group, pentaphenylene group, thiophene group, furanyl group, carbazolyl group, indoleyl group, isoindoleyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophene group, benzocarbazolyl group, dibenzocarbazolyl group, dibenzothiophene group, pyridinyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiazolyl diazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group , pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolineyl group, isoquinolineyl group, benzoquinolineyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, phenanthrene-pyridinyl group, acridineyl group, phenanthrene-pyridinyl group, benzimidazoleyl group, isobenzothiazolyl group, benzimidazoleyl group, isobenzoxazoleyl group, isobenzoxazoleyl group, triazoleyl group, tetrazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, and zazacarbazolyl group; and

[0261] Each group is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amido group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 Alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, triphenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluoranthracene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, Peryl group, pentaphenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, thiophene group, furanyl group, carbazole group, indole group, isoindole group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophene group, benzocarbazole group, dibenzocarbazole group, dibenzothiophene group, pyridyl group, imidazole group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiadiazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group Pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, benzoquinolinyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, phenanthridineyl group, acridineyl group, phenanthroxolinyl group, phenazinyl group, benzimidazolyl group, isobenzothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, isobenzoxazolyl group, triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, azacarbazolyl group, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 At least one substituted phenylene group, naphthylene group, fluorene group, spiro-difluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, dibenzo[a]fluorene group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluorenyl anthracene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, etc. Perylene group, pentaphenylene group, hexaphenylene group, pentaphenylene group, thiophene group, furanyl group, carbazolyl group, indoleyl group, isoindoleyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophene group, benzocarbazolyl group, dibenzocarbazolyl group, dibenzothiophene group, pyridinyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiazolyl diazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group The group includes: pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolineyl group, isoquinolineyl group, benzoquinolineyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, phenanthrene-pyridinyl group, phenanthrene-pyridinyl group, phenanthrene-imidazolyl group, isobenzothiazolyl group, benzoxazoleyl group, isobenzoxazoleyl group, triazoleyl group, tetrazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, and zazacarbazolyl group.

[0262] According to some exemplary embodiments, in equations 311-1 to 311-5, R 301 To R 306 Each can be selected independently from:

[0263] Phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl group, phenanthryl group, anthraceneyl group, fluoranthraceneyl group, benzo[a]phenanthryl group, pyrene group, Peryl group, pentaphenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, thienyl group, furanyl group, carbazole group, indole group, isoindole group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophenyl group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophenyl group, benzocarbazole group, dibenzocarbazole group and dibenzothiophenyl group; and

[0264] Each group is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amido group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 Alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, triphenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluoranthracene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, Peryl group, pentaphenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, thiophene group, furanyl group, carbazole group, indole group, isoindole group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophene group, benzocarbazole group, dibenzocarbazole group, dibenzothiophene group, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 At least one substituted phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl group, phenanthryl group, anthraceneyl group, fluoranthraceneyl group, benzo[a]phenanthryl group, pyrene group, Peryl group, peryl group, pentaphenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, thiophene group, furanyl group, carbazole group, indole group, isoindole group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophene group, benzocarbazole group, dibenzocarbazole group and dibenzothiophene group.

[0265] According to some exemplary implementations, Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10 Alkyl groups, C1-C 10 Alkoxy groups, phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, terphenyl groups, and naphthyl groups.

[0266] According to some exemplary embodiments, the second host compound may be an electron transport compound containing an electron transport portion.

[0267] According to some exemplary embodiments, the second host compound may be a compound selected from any of formulas 312-1 and 312-2:

[0268] <Formula 312-1>

[0269]

[0270] <Formula 312-2>

[0271]

[0272] In Equations 312-1 and 312-2,

[0273] X 321 To X 323 and X 325 To X 328 Each can be N or C independently [(L 324 ) xb14 -R 324 ],

[0274] xb11 to xb14 can each be an integer from 0 to 5 independently, L 321 To L 324 Each can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0275] R 321 To R 324 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amido group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C groups. 60 Alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkoxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q 321 (Q) 322 (Q) 323 -N(Q) 321 (Q) 322 -B(Q) 321 (Q) 322 -C(=O)(Q) 321 -S(=O)2(Q) 321 ) and -P(=O)(Q 321 (Q) 322 ),

[0276] R 321 To R 324 Two or more adjacent substituents may optionally be linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C. 60 The carbocyclic group is either substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 60 Heterocyclic groups, and

[0277] Q 321 To Q 323 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidine group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, C6-C 60 aryl group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aryl thiols, C1-C 60 heteroaryl groups, C1-C 60 heteroaryloxy groups, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl thio groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, biphenyl groups, and terphenyl groups.

[0278] According to some exemplary embodiments, the second host compound may be a triazine-containing compound, a triazole-containing compound, an imidazole-containing compound, or an oxazine-containing compound.

[0279] According to some exemplary embodiments, the second host compound may be a bipolar compound containing an electron transport portion.

[0280] According to some exemplary embodiments, the second host compound may be a compound represented by formula 313:

[0281] <Form 313>

[0282]

[0283] <Form 313A>

[0284]

[0285] In Equations 313 and 313A,

[0286] A 31 A 32 and A 34 Each can be selected independently from C5-C. 60 Carbocyclic groups and C1-C 30 Heterocyclic groups,

[0287] A 33 It can be a group represented by formula 313A.

[0288] X 31 It can be selected from N[(L) 335 ) xb35 -(R 335 )]、O、S、Se、C[(L 335 ) xb35 -(R 335 )][(L 336 ) xb36 -(R 336 )] and Si[(L 335 ) xb35 -(R 335 )][(L 336 ) xb36 -(R 336 )],

[0289] xb31 to xb36 can each be an integer from 0 to 5 independently.

[0290] L 331 To L 336 Each can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0291] R 331 To R 336 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amido group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C groups. 60 Alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkoxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q 331 (Q) 332 (Q) 333 -N(Q) 331 (Q) 332 -B(Q) 331 (Q) 332 -C(=O)(Q) 331 -S(=O)2(Q) 331 ) and -P(=O)(Q 331 (Q) 332 ),

[0292] xb42 to xb44 can each be an integer from 0 to 10 independently, and

[0293] Q 331 To Q 333 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidine group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, C6-C 60 aryl group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aryl thiols, C1-C 60 heteroaryl groups, C1-C 60 heteroaryloxy groups, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl thio groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, biphenyl groups, and terphenyl groups.

[0294] According to some exemplary embodiments, the second host compound may be a compound selected from any of formulas 313-1 to 313-6:

[0295] <Formula 313-1>

[0296]

[0297] <Formula 313-2>

[0298]

[0299] <Formula 313-3>

[0300]

[0301] <Formula 313-4>

[0302]

[0303] <Formula 313-5>

[0304]

[0305] <Formula 313-6>

[0306]

[0307] In equations 313-1 to 313-6

[0308] A 31 A 34 X 31 xb31 to xb34, L331 To L 334 R 331 To R 334 xb42 and xb44 are the same as described above, and

[0309] xb43 can be 0, 1, or 2.

[0310] According to some exemplary embodiments, in Equation 313, A 31 A 32 and A 34 Each group can be independently selected from phenyl groups, indene groups, naphthyl groups, anthracene groups, fluorene groups, phenanthrene groups, pyridine groups, pyrimidine groups, pyrazine groups, pyridazine groups, and carbazole groups.

[0311] According to some exemplary embodiments, in Equation 313, A 31 A 32 and A 34 Each group can be independently selected from phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, phenanthrene groups, pyridine groups, pyrimidine groups, pyrazine groups, and pyridazine groups.

[0312] According to some exemplary embodiments, in Equation 313, A 31 A 32 and A 34 It can be a phenyl group, a naphthol group, or a phenanthrene group.

[0313] According to some exemplary embodiments, in Equation 313, A 31 A 32 and A 34 It can be a phenyl group or a naphthalene group.

[0314] According to some exemplary embodiments, in Equations 312-1, 312-2 and 313, L 321 To L 324 and L 331 To L 336 Each group can be independently selected from: phenylene group, naphthylene group, fluorene group, spiro-difluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, dibenzo[a]fluorene group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluorenyl anthracene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, etc. Perylene group, pentaphenylene group, hexaphenylene group, pentaphenylene group, thiophene group, furanyl group, carbazolyl group, indoleyl group, isoindoleyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophene group, benzocarbazolyl group, dibenzocarbazolyl group, dibenzothiophene group, pyridinyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiazolyl diazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group , pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolineyl group, isoquinolineyl group, benzoquinolineyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, phenanthrene-pyridinyl group, acridineyl group, phenanthrene-pyridinyl group, benzimidazoleyl group, isobenzothiazolyl group, benzimidazoleyl group, isobenzoxazoleyl group, isobenzoxazoleyl group, triazoleyl group, tetrazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, and zazacarbazolyl group; and

[0315] Each group is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amido group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 Alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, triphenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluoranthracene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, Peryl group, pentaphenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, thiophene group, furanyl group, carbazole group, indole group, isoindole group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophene group, benzocarbazole group, dibenzocarbazole group, dibenzothiophene group, pyridyl group, imidazole group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiadiazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group Pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, benzoquinolinyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, phenanthridineyl group, acridineyl group, phenanthroxolinyl group, phenazinyl group, benzimidazolyl group, isobenzothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, isobenzoxazolyl group, triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, azacarbazolyl group, -Si(Q) 31 (Q)32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 At least one substituted phenylene group, naphthylene group, fluorene group, spiro-difluorene group, benzo[a]fluorene group, dibenzo[a]fluorene group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluorenyl anthracene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, etc. Perylene group, pentaphenylene group, hexaphenylene group, pentaphenylene group, thiophene group, furanyl group, carbazolyl group, indoleyl group, isoindoleyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophene group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophene group, benzocarbazolyl group, dibenzocarbazolyl group, dibenzothiophene group, pyridinyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiazolyl diazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group The group includes: pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolineyl group, isoquinolineyl group, benzoquinolineyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, phenanthrene-pyridinyl group, phenanthrene-pyridinyl group, phenanthrene-imidazolyl group, isobenzothiazolyl group, benzoxazoleyl group, isobenzoxazoleyl group, triazoleyl group, tetrazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, and zazacarbazolyl group.

[0316] According to some exemplary embodiments, in Equations 312-1, 312-2, and 313, R 321 To R 324 and R 331 To R 336 Each can be selected independently from:

[0317] Phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, pentanenyl group, indole group, naphthyl group, chamomile cycloyl group, heptenyl group, indoleyl group, acenaphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl group, phenanthreneyl group, anthraceneyl group, fluoranthraceneyl group, benzo[a]phenanthreneyl group, pyrene group, Benzyl group, tetraphenyl group, furanyl group, perylyl group, pentaphenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, rutinyl group, kosyl group, ovoidyl group, thiophenyl group, furanyl group, carbazoleyl group, indoleyl group, isoindoleyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophenyl group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophenyl group, benzocarbazoleyl group, dibenzocarbazoleyl group, dibenzothiophenyl group and pyridyl group; and

[0318] Each group is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amido group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 Alkoxy group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, C1-C 10 Alkyl-substituted phenyl groups, -F-substituted phenyl groups, pentanenyl groups, indole groups, naphthyl groups, chamomile cycloyl groups, heptenyl groups, indoleyl groups, acenaphthyl groups, fluorenyl groups, spiro-difluorenyl groups, benzo[a]fluorenyl groups, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl groups, phenanthrenyl groups, anthraceneyl groups, fluoranthraceneyl groups, benzo[a]phenanthreneyl groups, pyrene groups, Benzyl group, tetraphenyl group, furanyl group, perylyl group, pentaphenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, rutinyl group, kosyl group, ovoidyl group, thiophenyl group, furanyl group, carbazoleyl group, indoleyl group, isoindoleyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophenyl group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophenyl group, benzocarbazoleyl group, dibenzocarbazoleyl group, dibenzothiophenyl group, pyridyl group, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 ) and -N(Q 31 (Q) 32 At least one substituted phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, pentanenyl group, indole group, naphthyl group, chamomile cycloyl group, heptenyl group, indoleyl group, acenaphthenic group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl group, phenanthreneyl group, anthraceneyl group, fluoranthraceneyl group, benzo[a]phenanthreneyl group, pyreneyl group, The group includes benzo[a], tetraphenyl[b], furan[b], peryl[b], pentaphenyl[a], hexaphenyl[b], pentaphenyl[a], rutin[b], koj[b], ovoid[b], thiophen[b], furan[b], carbazo[b], indole[b], isoindole[b], benzofuran[b], benzothiophen[b], dibenzofuran[b], dibenzothiophen[b], benzocarbazo[b], dibenzocarbazo[b], dibenzothiophen[b], dibenzothiophen[b], and pyridyl[b]

[0319] According to some exemplary implementations, Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10 Alkyl groups, C1-C 10 Alkoxy groups, phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, terphenyl groups, and naphthyl groups.

[0320] According to some exemplary implementations, Q 301 To Q 303 Q 321 To Q 323 and Q 331 To Q 333 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10 Alkyl groups, C1-C 10 Alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, pentanenyl group, indole group, naphthyl group, chamomile cycloyl group, heptenyl group, indoleyl group, acenaphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl group, phenanthreneyl group, anthraceneyl group, fluoranthraceneyl group, benzo[a]phenanthreneyl group, pyrene group, The group includes benzo[a], tetraphenyl[b], furan[b], peryl[b], pentaphenyl[a], hexaphenyl[b], pentaphenyl[a], rutin[b], koj[b], ovoid[b], thiophen[b], furan[b], carbazo[b], indole[b], isoindole[b], benzofuran[b], benzothiophen[b], dibenzofuran[b], dibenzothiophen[b], benzocarbazo[b], dibenzocarbazo[b], dibenzothiophen[b], dibenzothiophen[b], and pyridyl[b]

[0321] Phosphorescent dopant contained in the emission layer 153 within the intermediate layer 150

[0322] Phosphorescent dopants may contain at least one transition metal as the center metal.

[0323] Phosphorescent dopants may include monodentate ligands, dipentate ligands, tridentate ligands, tetradentate ligands, pentadentate ligands, hexadentate ligands, or any combination thereof.

[0324] Phosphorescent dopants can be electrically neutral.

[0325] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic compound represented by formula 401:

[0326] <Formula 401>

[0327] M(L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2

[0328] <Formula 402>

[0329]

[0330] In Equations 401 and 402,

[0331] M can be a transition metal (e.g., iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), rhenium (Re), or thulium (Tm)).

[0332] L 401 The ligand can be represented by Equation 402, and xc1 can be 1, 2, or 3, wherein when xc1 is 2 or greater than 2, there are two or more L... 401 They can be the same or different from each other.

[0333] L 402 It can be an organic ligand, xc2 can be 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and when xc2 is 2 or greater than 2, there are two or more L... 402 They can be the same or different from each other.

[0334] X 401 and X 402 It can be either nitrogen or carbon, each independently.

[0335] Ring A 401 And Ring A 402 Each can be C5-C independently. 60 Carbocyclic groups or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0336] T 401 It can be a single bond, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q) 411 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 (Q) 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )=C(Q 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 ) = *' or * = C = *',

[0337] X 403 and X 404 These can be chemical bonds (e.g., covalent or coordinate bonds), O, S, N (Q) independently. 413 ), B(Q) 413 ), P(Q 413 ), C(Q 413 (Q) 414 ) or Si(Q 413 (Q) 414 ),

[0338] Q 411 To Q 414 Same as the following description of Q1,

[0339] R 401 and R 402 Each of these groups can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 20 Alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 alkoxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q 401 (Q) 402 (Q) 403 -N(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -B(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -C(=O)(Q) 401 -S(=O)2(Q) 401 ) or -P(=O)(Q 401 (Q) 402 ),

[0340] Q 401 To Q 403 Same as the following description of Q1,

[0341] xc11 and xc12 can each be an integer from 0 to 10 independently, and

[0342] In Equation 402, * and *' each represent the binding site with M in Equation 401.

[0343] In one or more exemplary embodiments, in formula 402, i)X 401 It can be nitrogen, and X 402 It can be carbon, or ii)X 401 and X 402 Both can be nitrogen.

[0344] In one or more exemplary embodiments, when xc1 in formula 401 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more L 401 The two rings A in 401 It can be optionally via T as a linking group 402 Connected together, or two or more L's 401 The two rings A in 402 It can be optionally via T as a linking group 403 Connected together (see compounds PD1 through PD4 and PD7). T 402 and T 403 Regarding T 401 The descriptions are the same.

[0345] L in Equation 401 402 It can be an organic ligand. For example, L... 402 It can be a halogen group, a diketone group (e.g., an acetylacetonate group), a carboxylic acid group (e.g., a pyridine carboxylate group), a -C (=O) group, an isonitrile group, a -CN group, a phosphorus group (e.g., a phosphine group or a phosphite group), or any combination thereof, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0346] Phosphorescent dopants may include, for example, one or any combination of the following compounds PD1 to PD25, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0347]

[0348]

[0349] Fluorescent dopant in emitter layer 153

[0350] Fluorescent dopants may include compounds containing amine groups, compounds containing styrene groups, or any combination thereof.

[0351] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula 501:

[0352] <Form 501>

[0353]

[0354] In Equation 501,

[0355] Ar 501 It can be substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0356] L 501 To L 503 Each can be either substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, or substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups,

[0357] xd1 to xd3 can each be 0, 1, 2 or 3 independently.

[0358] R 501 and R 502 Each can be either substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, or substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, and

[0359] xd4 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[0360] In one or more exemplary embodiments, Ar in Formula 501501 It can be a fused cyclic ring composed of three or more monocyclic groups (e.g., anthracene groups, ...). (Groups, pyrene groups, etc.)

[0361] In one or more exemplary embodiments, xd4 in Formula 501 can be 2, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0362] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may include: one of compounds FD1 to FD36; DPVBi; DPAVBi; or any combination thereof.

[0363]

[0364]

[0365]

[0366]

[0367] Quantum dots in emitter layer 153

[0368] Emitter 153 may contain quantum dots.

[0369] In an exemplary embodiment, a quantum dot refers to a crystal of a semiconductor compound and may comprise any material that emits emission wavelengths of different lengths depending on the size of the crystal. Therefore, there are no particular limitations on the materials used for quantum dots. The diameter of the quantum dot is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, from about 1 nm to about 10 nm.

[0370] Quantum dots can be synthesized and arranged in the quantum dot emitter layer through wet chemical processes, organometallic chemical vapor deposition processes, molecular beam epitaxy processes, or similar processes.

[0371] According to a wet chemical process, precursor materials are added to an organic solvent to grow crystals of quantum dot particles. During crystal growth, the organic solvent acts as a dispersant that naturally coordinates to the surface of the quantum dot crystals and controls the crystal growth. In this respect, wet chemical processes can be readily performed compared to vapor deposition processes (such as metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)), and the growth of quantum dot particles can be controlled through a low-cost process. Specifically, quantum dots can include: group III-VI semiconductor compounds; group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; group II-VI semiconductor compounds; group III-V semiconductor compounds; group IV-VI semiconductor compounds; group IV elements or compounds; or any combination thereof.

[0372] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the III-VI semiconductor compound may include: a binary compound, such as In2S3; the I-III-VI semiconductor compound may include a ternary compound, such as AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS or CuInS2; or any combination thereof.

[0373] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the II-VI semiconductor compound may include: binary compounds, such as CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, or MgS; ternary compounds, such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, Cd ZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe or MgZnS; quaternary compounds, such as CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe or HgZnSTe; or any combination thereof.

[0374] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the III-V semiconductor compound may include: binary compounds, such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, or InSb; ternary compounds, such as GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, or InPSb; quaternary compounds, such as GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, or GaAlNP; or any combination thereof.

[0375] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the IV-VI semiconductor compound may include: a binary compound, such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, or PbTe; a ternary compound, such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, or SnPbTe; a quaternary compound, such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, or SnPbSTe; or any combination thereof.

[0376] In one or more exemplary embodiments, a group IV element or compound may include: a single element, such as Si or Ge; a binary compound, such as SiC or SiGe; or any combination thereof.

[0377] Each element contained in a binary, ternary, or quaternary compound may exist in the particle at a uniform concentration or in the same particle in a state in which the concentration distributions are partially different.

[0378] Quantum dots can have a single structure, in which the concentration of each element contained in the respective quantum dot is uniform, or they can have a core-shell dual structure. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the materials contained in the core and the materials contained in the shell can be different from each other.

[0379] The shell of a quantum dot can serve as a protective layer to maintain semiconductor properties by preventing the chemical degradation of the nucleus and / or as a charging layer to impart electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell can be a single layer or multiple layers. The interface between the nucleus and the shell can have a concentration gradient, where the concentration of elements present in the shell decreases towards the center.

[0380] Examples of the shell for quantum dots may include oxides of metals or nonmetals, semiconductor compounds, or any combination thereof. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the oxides of metals or nonmetals may include binary compounds (e.g., SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, or NiO) or ternary compounds (e.g., MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, or CoMn2O4), but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. Furthermore, semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, etc., but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0381] The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission wavelength spectrum of quantum dots can be about 45 nm or less, for example, about 40 nm or less, or about 30 nm or less. When the FWHM of the emission wavelength spectrum of quantum dots is within this range, color purity or color reproducibility can be improved. Furthermore, light emitted through such quantum dots can be omnidirectional, thereby improving wide viewing angles.

[0382] Furthermore, quantum dots can specifically be generally spherical, generally pyramidal, generally multi-armed dots, or generally cubic nanoparticles, generally nanotube-shaped particles, generally nanowire-shaped nanofibers, or generally nanoplate-shaped particles, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0383] By adjusting the size of the quantum dots, the band gap can also be adjusted, thereby obtaining light of various wavelengths in the quantum dot emission layer. Therefore, by using quantum dots of different sizes, light-emitting devices that emit light of various wavelengths can be realized. Specifically, the size of the quantum dots can be selected to emit red, green, and / or blue light. Furthermore, various colors of light can be combined by configuring quantum dots of different sizes to emit white light.

[0384] Electron transport region in intermediate layer 150

[0385] The electron transport region can have: i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer of a single material, ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer of a variety of different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure including multiple layers containing different materials.

[0386] The electron transport region may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0387] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the electron transport region may have an electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, wherein for each structure, the constituent layers are stacked sequentially from the emitter layer. However, exemplary embodiments of the electron transport region structure are not limited thereto.

[0388] The electron transport region (e.g., a buffer layer, hole blocking layer, electron control layer, or electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may contain a metal-free compound having at least one cyclic group of nitrogen containing π-electron-deficient nitrogen that can readily accept electrons.

[0389] "A cyclic group containing nitrogen lacking π electrons" can be a C1-C group having at least one *-N=*' moiety as the cyclic moiety.60 Heterocyclic groups.

[0390] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the "cyclic group containing π-electron-deficient nitrogen" can be i) a first ring, ii) a fused cyclic group in which two or more first rings are fused together, or iii) a fused cyclic group in which at least one first ring and at least one second ring are fused together, wherein the first ring is a heteromonocyclic group (e.g., imidazole group, pyridine group, triazine group, etc.) containing at least one *-N=*' portion as a cyclic moiety, and the second ring is a cyclic group (e.g., phenyl group, dibenzofuran group, carbazole group, etc.) that does not contain a *-N=*' portion as a cyclic moiety.

[0391] Examples of cyclic groups containing nitrogen lacking π electrons include pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, quinoline, benzoquinoline, isoquinoline, benzoisoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzoquinoxaline, quinazoline, benzoquinazoline, phenanthrene, phthalazine, naphthidine, azacarbazole, azafluorene, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzothiophene, and azadibenzofuran. The following groups are included: uranyl group, pyrazole group, imidazole group, triazole group, tetraazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, oxadiazole group, thiadiazole group, benzopyrazole group, benzimidazole group, benzoxazole group, benzothiazole group, benzoxadiazole group, benzothiadiazole group, imidazopyridine group, imidazopyrimidine group, imidazotriazine group, imidazopyrazine group, and imidazopyridazine group, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0392] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the electron transport region may comprise a compound represented by Formula 601 and containing at least one cyclic group of nitrogen lacking π electrons.

[0393] <Formula 601>

[0394] [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21 .

[0395] In Equation 601,

[0396] Ar 601 It can be substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0397] xe11 can be 1, 2, or 3.

[0398] L 601 It can be substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, or substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups,

[0399] xe1 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[0400] R 601 It can be substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q 601 (Q) 602 (Q) 603 -C(=O)(Q) 601 -S(=O)2(Q) 601 ) or -P(=O)(Q 601 (Q) 602 ), Q 601 To Q 603 Same as the following description of Q1, and

[0401] xe21 can be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

[0402] In one or more exemplary embodiments, Ar of Formula 601 601 L 601 and R 601 At least one of them may independently contain at least one cyclic group of nitrogen containing π-electron-deficient nitrogen.

[0403] In one or more exemplary embodiments, when xe11 in formula 601 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more Ar 601 They can be connected to each other via a single key.

[0404] In one or more exemplary embodiments, Ar in Formula 601 601 It can be a substituted or unsubstituted anthracene group.

[0405] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the electron transport region may comprise a compound represented by Formula 601-1:

[0406] <Formula 601-1>

[0407]

[0408] In Equation 601-1,

[0409] X 614 It can be N or C(R) 614 ), X 615 It can be N or C(R) 615 ), X 616 It can be N or C(R) 616 ), and X 614 To X 616 At least one of them can be N,

[0410] L 611 To L 613 You can refer to L 601 To understand from the presented description,

[0411] xe611 to xe613 can be understood by referring to the description of xe1 presentation.

[0412] R 611 To R 613 You can refer to information about R 601 To understand from the presented description, and

[0413] R 614 To R 616 Each of these can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 Alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group or naphthyl group.

[0414] In one or more exemplary embodiments, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formula 601 and Formula 601-1 can each be 0, 1 or 2 independently.

[0415] The electron transport region may comprise one or any combination of compounds ET1 to ET36, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), bis(2-methyl-8-quinoline-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-oline)aluminum (BAlq), 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), and 4-(naphthyl-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0416]

[0417]

[0418] The thicknesses of the buffer layer, hole-blocking layer, and electronic control layer can each be approximately [value missing]. to approximately For example, about to approximately When the thicknesses of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, and electronic control layer are within these ranges, excellent hole blocking characteristics or excellent electronic control characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0419] The thickness of the electron transport layer can be approximately to approximately For example, about to approximately When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within the range described above, the electron transport layer can have satisfactory electron transport characteristics without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0420] In addition to the materials described above, the electron transport region (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may further contain a metallic material.

[0421] Metal-containing materials may include alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof. The metal ion in an alkali metal complex may be Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs ions, and the metal ion in an alkaline earth metal complex may be Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba ions. The ligand coordinating with the metal ion in the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal complex may be hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthrene, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0422] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, compound ET-D1 (LiQ) or compound ET-D2.

[0423]

[0424] The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates electron injection from the second electrode 190. The electron injection layer may be in direct contact with the second electrode 190.

[0425] The electron injection layer can have: i) a monolayer structure consisting of a single layer made of a single material, ii) a monolayer structure consisting of a single layer made of multiple different materials, or iii) a multilayer structure including multiple layers containing different materials.

[0426] The electron injection layer may contain alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal-containing compounds, alkaline earth metal-containing compounds, rare earth metal-containing compounds, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, rare earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof.

[0427] Alkali metals may include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or any combination thereof. Alkali earth metals may include Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any combination thereof. Rare earth metals may include Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, Gd, or any combination thereof.

[0428] The alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and rare earth metal compounds can be oxides, halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, or iodides) of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals, or any combination thereof.

[0429] The alkali metal-containing compound can be an alkali metal oxide (such as Li2O, Cs2O or K2O), an alkali metal halide (such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI or KI), or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal-containing compound can include an alkaline earth metal oxide, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O(0 < x < 1) or Ba x Ca 1-x O(0 < x < 1). The rare earth metal-containing compound can include YbF3, ScF3, Sc2O3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, TbI3 or any combination thereof.

[0430] The alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex and rare earth metal complex can contain i) one of the ions of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and rare earth metal, and ii) a ligand connected to the metal ion, such as hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyl oxazole, hydroxyphenyl thiazole, hydroxyphenyl oxadiazole, hydroxyphenyl thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl pyridine, hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, cyclopentadiene or any combination thereof, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0431] The electron injection layer can be composed of: an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal-containing compound, a rare earth metal-containing compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex or any combination thereof, or can further contain an organic material (for example, the compound represented by formula 601). When the electron injection layer further contains an organic material, the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, alkali metal-containing compound, alkaline earth metal-containing compound, rare earth metal-containing compound, alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, rare earth metal complex or any combination thereof can be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the matrix containing the organic material.

[0432] The thickness of the electron injection layer can be about to about For example, about to about When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the range described above, the electron injection layer can have satisfactory electron injection characteristics without a significant increase in the driving voltage.

[0433] Second electrode 190

[0434] The second electrode 190 can be disposed on the intermediate layer 150 having such a structure. The second electrode 190 can be a cathode serving as an electron injection electrode, and can be made of metals, alloys, conductive compounds, or any combination thereof, each having a low work function.

[0435] The second electrode 190 may comprise lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. The second electrode 190 may be a transmission electrode, a semi-transmission electrode, or a reflection electrode.

[0436] The second electrode 190 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers.

[0437] Cover layer

[0438] The first covering layer may be disposed outside the first electrode 110, and / or the second covering layer may be disposed outside the second electrode 190. Specifically, the light-emitting device 10 may have a structure in which the first covering layer, the first electrode 110, the intermediate layer 150, and the second electrode 190 are stacked sequentially in a predetermined order, or a structure in which the first covering layer, the first electrode 110, the intermediate layer 150, the second electrode 190, and the second covering layer are stacked sequentially in a predetermined order.

[0439] The light generated in the emitting layer 153 of the intermediate layer 150 of the light-emitting device 10 can be led outward through the first electrode 110 and the first cover layer. Each of the first electrode 110 and the first cover layer can be semi-transparent or transmissive. Alternatively, the light generated in the emitting layer 153 of the intermediate layer 150 of the light-emitting device 10 can be led outward through the second electrode 190 and the second cover layer. Each of the second electrode 190 and the second cover layer can be semi-transparent or transmissive.

[0440] The first and second capping layers can increase the external luminescence efficiency based on the principle of constructive interference.

[0441] The first and second covering layers can each be independently an organic covering layer containing organic materials, an inorganic covering layer containing inorganic materials, or a composite covering layer containing both organic and inorganic materials.

[0442] At least one of the first and second capping layers may independently comprise a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amine-containing compound, a porphyrin derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthylphthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or a combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, heterocyclic compound, and amine-containing compound may optionally be substituted with substituents containing O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof. According to some exemplary embodiments, at least one of the first and second capping layers may independently comprise an amine-containing compound.

[0443] In one or more exemplary embodiments, at least one of the first and second capping layers may each independently contain a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof.

[0444] In one or more exemplary embodiments, at least one of the first and second capping layers may each independently comprise a compound selected from compounds HT28 to HT33, compounds CP1 to CP5, and any combination thereof, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0445]

[0446] equipment

[0447] The light-emitting device can be included in various devices. For example, a light-emitting device, a verification device, or an electronic device that includes a light-emitting device can be provided.

[0448] In addition to the light-emitting device, the light-emitting device may further include a color filter or a color conversion layer, or both a color filter and a color conversion layer. The color filter or color conversion layer may be positioned in at least one direction of travel of the light emitted from the light-emitting device. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the light emitted from the light-emitting device may be blue light or white light, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. The light-emitting device is the same as described above.

[0449] The light-emitting device may include a first substrate. The first substrate may include multiple sub-pixel regions, and the color filter or color conversion layer may include multiple color filter regions or color conversion layer regions corresponding to the multiple sub-pixel regions.

[0450] A pixel-defining film can be set between multiple sub-pixel regions to define each of the sub-pixel regions. A color filter or color conversion layer can further include a light-blocking pattern between multiple color filter regions or color conversion layer regions.

[0451] The plurality of color filter regions or color conversion layer regions may include: a first region emitting a first color light; a second region emitting a second color light; and / or a third region emitting a third color light, wherein the first color light, the second color light, and / or the third color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the first color light may be red light, the second color light may be green light, and the third color light may be blue light, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the plurality of color filter regions or color conversion layer regions may each contain quantum dots, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. Specifically, the first region may contain red quantum dots, the second region may contain green quantum dots, and the third region may not contain quantum dots. The quantum dots are the same as those described in the exemplary embodiments. The first region, the second region, and / or the third region may each further include scattering materials, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0452] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the light-emitting device can emit first light, a first region can absorb the first light to emit a first first color light, a second region can absorb the first light to emit a second first color light, and a third region can absorb the first light to emit a third first color light. In this case, the first first color light, the second first color light, and the third first color light can have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. Specifically, the first light can be blue light, the first first color light can be red light, the second first color light can be green light, and the third first color light can be blue light, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0453] In addition to the light-emitting device described above, the light-emitting device may further include a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, wherein either the source electrode or the drain electrode may be electrically connected to either the first electrode or the second electrode of the light-emitting device.

[0454] The thin-film transistor may further include a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer, etc. The active layer may comprise crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, organic semiconductor, oxide semiconductor, etc., but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0455] The light-emitting device may further include a sealing portion for sealing the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be disposed between the color filter and the light-emitting device. The sealing portion allows light from the light-emitting device to be led out to the outside while simultaneously preventing external air and moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be a sealing substrate comprising a transparent glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The sealing portion may be a thin-film encapsulation layer comprising at least one organic layer and / or an inorganic layer. When the sealing portion is a thin-film encapsulation layer, the light-emitting device may be flexible.

[0456] The light-emitting device can be used as various displays, light sources, etc. The verification device can be, for example, a biometric verification device for verifying an individual using biometric information from a biometric body (e.g., fingertip, pupil, etc.). In addition to the light-emitting device, the verification device may further include a biometric information collector.

[0457] Electronic devices can be applied to personal computers (e.g., mobile personal computers), mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic notebooks, electronic dictionaries, video game consoles, medical instruments (e.g., electronic thermometers, blood pressure monitors, blood glucose meters, pulse measuring devices, pulse wave measuring devices, electrocardiogram (ECG) displays, ultrasound diagnostic devices, or endoscope displays), fish finders, various measuring instruments, meters (e.g., instruments for vehicles, aircraft, and ships), projectors, etc., but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0458] Preparation method

[0459] Layers constituting hole transport regions, emission regions, and electron transport regions can be formed in a specific region using one or more suitable methods selected from vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI).

[0460] When forming layers constituting hole transport regions, emission regions, and electron transport regions by vacuum deposition, by taking into account the materials to be included in the layers to be formed and the structure of the layers to be formed, deposition temperatures of approximately 100°C to approximately 500°C and approximately 10 -8 To about 10 -3 The vacuum degree and about to approximately Deposition occurs at a certain deposition rate.

[0461] General definition of substituents

[0462] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60"alkyl group" refers to a monovalent group of a straight-chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and examples include methyl groups, ethyl groups, n-propyl groups, isopropyl groups, n-butyl groups, sec-butyl groups, isobutyl groups, tert-butyl groups, n-pentyl groups, tert-pentyl groups, neopentyl groups, isopentyl groups, sec-pentyl groups, 3-pentyl groups, sec-isopentyl groups, n-hexyl groups, isohexyl groups, sec-hexyl groups, tert-hexyl groups, n-heptyl groups, isoheptyl groups, sec-heptyl groups, tert-heptyl groups, n-octyl groups, isooctyl groups, sec-octyl groups, tert-octyl groups, n-nonyl groups, isononyl groups, sec-nonyl groups, tert-nonyl groups, n-decyl groups, isodel groups, sec-decyl groups, and tert-decyl groups. In some embodiments, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups can be C1-C 30 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 alkyl groups or C1-C 10 Alkyl groups. As used in this document, "C1-C..." 60 "alkylene group" refers to a group that has a corresponding C1-C2 group. 60 Alkyl groups are divalent groups in structure.

[0463] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkenyl group" refers to the group located at C2-C. 60 The alkyl group has at least one carbon-carbon double bond at its middle or end, and examples include vinyl groups, propenyl groups, and butenyl groups. In some embodiments, C2-C 60 The alkenyl group can be C2-C 30 alkenyl groups, C2-C 20 alkenyl groups or C2-C 10 Alkenyl group. As used in this article, "C2-C" 60 "Ideinyl group" refers to a group that has a corresponding C2-C group. 60 The structure of an alkenyl group is a divalent group.

[0464] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkyne group" refers to the group located at C2-C. 60 The alkyl group has at least one carbon-carbon triple bond at its middle or end, and examples include ethynyl and propynyl groups. In some embodiments, C2-C 60 The alkynyl group can be C2-C 30 alkynyl group, C2-C 20 alkynyl group or C2-C 10 Alkynyl group. As used in this article, "C2-C" 60 "Imyynyl group" refers to a group that has a corresponding C2-C group. 60The structure of an alkynyl group is a divalent group.

[0465] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Alkoxy group" refers to the group consisting of -OA 101 (where A) 101 For C1-C 60 Alkyl groups are monovalent groups, and examples of them include methoxy groups, ethoxy groups and isopropoxy groups.

[0466] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkyl group" refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples of such groups are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornel, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl, and bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl. As used herein, the term "C3-C" is also relevant. 10 "Cycloalkylene group" refers to a group that has a corresponding C3-C4 group. 10 A divalent group in the structure of a cycloalkyl group.

[0467] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl group" refers to a monovalent cyclic group having one to ten carbon atoms containing a heteroatom (e.g., N, O, Si, P, S or any combination thereof, e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms) as a cyclic atom, and examples are 1,2,3,4-oxatriazole alkyl groups, tetrahydrofuranyl groups, and tetrahydrothiophenyl groups. The term "C1-C" is used herein. 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl group" refers to a group that has a corresponding C1-C2 group. 10 A divalent group in the structure of a heterocyclic alkyl group.

[0468] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkenyl group" refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring and lacking aromaticity, and examples include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl groups. As used herein, the term "C3-C" is also relevant. 10 "Iridyl group" refers to a group that has a corresponding C3-C... 10 The structure of a cycloalkenyl group is a divalent group.

[0469] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10A "heterocyclic alkenyl group" refers to a monovalent cyclic group having one to ten carbon atoms, containing a heteroatom (e.g., N, O, Si, P, S, or any combination thereof, e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 heteroatoms) as a cyclic atom, wherein the ring has at least one double bond. C1-C 10 Examples of heterocyclic alkenyl groups include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxarizolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, and 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl groups. As used herein, the term "C1-C..." 10 "Heterocyclic alkenyl group" refers to a group that has a corresponding C1-C... 10 The structure of a heterocyclic alkenyl group is a divalent group.

[0470] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aryl group" refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system containing 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and the C6-C group used in this article... 60 A aryl group is a divalent group that has a carbocyclic aromatic system containing 6 to 60 carbon atoms. (C6-C) 60 Examples of aryl groups include phenyl groups, pentanenyl groups, naphthyl groups, chamomile cycloyl groups, indoleyl groups, acenaphthenic groups, phenanthreneyl groups, anthraceneyl groups, fluoranthraceneyl groups, benzo[a]phenanthreneyl groups, and pyreneyl groups. The compounds include alkyl groups, perylyl groups, pentaphenyl groups, heptalenyl groups, tetraphenyl groups, arbutinyl groups, hexaphenyl groups, pentaphenyl groups, rutinyl groups, keratinyl groups, and ovoidyl groups. In some embodiments, C6-C... 60 The aryl group can be C6-C. 30 aryl group, C6-C 24 aryl group or C6-C 18 Aryl group. When C6-C 60 aryl groups and C6-C 60 When each of the aryl groups contains two or more rings, the two or more rings can be fused together.

[0471] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroaryl group" refers to a monovalent heterocyclic aromatic system having a heteroatom (e.g., N, O, Si, P, S or any combination thereof, for example 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, for example 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms) as a cyclic atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and as used herein by the term "C1-C". 60"Hypo-aryl group" refers to a divalent heterocyclic aromatic system having a heteroatom (e.g., N, O, Si, P, S or any combination thereof, for example 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, for example 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms) as a cyclic atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. C1-C 60 Examples of heteroaryl groups are pyridinyl groups, pyrimidinyl groups, pyrazinyl groups, pyridazinyl groups, triazinyl groups, quinolinyl groups, benzo[a]quinolinyl groups, isoquinolinyl groups, benzo[a]isoquinolinyl groups, quinoxalinyl groups, benzo[a]quinoxalinyl groups, quinazolinyl groups, benzo[a]quinazolinyl groups, cyclophosphinyl groups, phenanthrolinel groups, phthalazinyl groups, and naphthidyl groups. In some embodiments, C1-C 60 The heteroaryl group can be C1-C 30 heteroaryl groups, C1-C 24 heteroaryl groups or C1-C 18 heteroaryl groups. When C1-C 60 heteroaryl groups and C1-C 60 When each of the heteroaryl groups contains two or more rings, the two or more rings can be joined together.

[0472] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aryloxy group" refers to -OA 102 (where A) 102 It is C6-C 60 (aryl group), and the term "C6-C" as used herein 60 "Aryl thio group" refers to -SA 103 (where A) 103 It is C6-C 60 (aryl group).

[0473] As used herein, the term "monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a monovalent group (e.g., having 8 to 60 carbon atoms, such as 8 to 30 or 8 to 24 carbon atoms) having two or more rings bonded to each other, having only carbon atoms as cyclic atoms, and being nonaromatic throughout its molecular structure. Examples of monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups are indenyl groups, fluorenyl groups, spiro-difluorenyl groups, benzo[a]fluorenyl groups, indo[a]phenanthrene groups, and indo[a]anthrayl groups. As used herein, the term "divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a divalent group having a structure corresponding to that of a monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group.

[0474] As used herein, the term "monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group" refers to a monovalent group (e.g., having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 30 or 1 to 24 carbon atoms) in which two or more rings are bonded together, and which contains heteroatoms other than carbon (e.g., N, O, Si, P, S or any combination thereof, such as 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms) as cyclic atoms, and which is nonaromatic throughout its molecular structure. Examples of monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups include pyrrolyl groups, thiophenyl groups, furanyl groups, indole groups, benzoindole groups, naphthoindole groups, isoindole groups, benzoisoindole groups, naphthoisoindole groups, benzothiolyl groups, benzothiphenyl groups, benzofuranyl groups, carbazole groups, dibenzothiolyl groups, dibenzothiphenyl groups, dibenzofuranyl groups, azacarbazoleyl groups, azafluorenyl groups, azadibenzothiolyl groups, azadibenzothiphenyl groups, azadibenzofuranyl groups, pyrazolyl groups, imidazoleyl groups, triazoleyl groups, tetraazoleyl groups, oxazolyl groups, isoxazolyl groups, thiolyl groups, isothiazolyl groups, and oxadiazoleyl groups. Thiadiazolyl group, benzopyrazolyl group, benzoimidazolyl group, benzooxazolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzooxadiazolyl group, benzothiadiazolyl group, imidazopyridyl group, imidazopyrimidine group, imidazotriazinyl group, imidazopyrazinyl group, imidazopyridazinyl group, indolecarbazoyl group, indolocarbazoyl group, benzofuranocarbazoyl group, benzothiophenocarbazoyl group, benzothiophenocarbazoyl group, benzoindolocarbazoyl group, benzocarbazoyl group, benzonaphthiophenyl group, benzonaphthiophenyl group, benzofuranodibenzofuranyl group, benzofuranodibenzothiophenyl group and benzothiophenodibenzothiophenyl group. As used in this article, the term "divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group" refers to a divalent group having a structure corresponding to a monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group.

[0475] As used in this article, the term "C5-C" 60 A "carbocyclic group" refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic group containing only carbon as the cyclic atom and consisting of 5 to 60 carbon atoms. (C5-C) 60 The carbocyclic group can be an aromatic carbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclic group. (C5-C) 60 The carbocyclic group can be a compound (e.g., benzene), a monovalent group (e.g., a phenyl group), or a divalent group (e.g., a phenylene group). In one or more exemplary embodiments, depending on the linkage to C5-C... 60 The number of substituents in the carbocyclic group, C5-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be trivalent or tetravalent. (C5-C)60 Examples of carbocyclic groups include cyclopentadienyl groups, phenyl groups, pentanenyl groups, naphthyl groups, chamomile ring groups, indole groups, acenaphthene groups, phenanthrene groups, anthracene groups, fluoranthene groups, benzo[a]phenanthrene groups, and pyrene groups. Groups, perylene groups, pentaphenyl groups, heptadene groups, tetraphenyl groups, styrene groups, hexaphenyl groups, pentaphenyl groups, rutin groups, argentinium groups, ovoid groups, indene groups, fluorene groups, spiro-difluorene groups, benzo[a]fluorene groups, ind[a]phenanthrene groups, and ind[a]anthracene groups. In some embodiments, C5-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be C5-C 30 Carbocyclic groups, C5-C 24 Carbocyclic groups or C5-C 18 Carbon ring group.

[0476] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 A "heterocyclic group" refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic group containing 1 to 60 carbon atoms and heteroatoms (e.g., N, O, Si, P, S, or any combination thereof, e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 heteroatoms) that are ring-forming atoms, excluding carbon (the number of carbon atoms can be 1 to 60, for example 1 to 30 or 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 heteroatoms). C1-C 60 The heterocyclic group can be an aromatic heterocyclic group or a non-aromatic heterocyclic group. C1-C 60 The heterocyclic group can be a compound (e.g., pyridine), a monovalent group (e.g., a pyridyl group), or a divalent group (e.g., a pyridylene group). In one or more exemplary embodiments, depending on the linkage to C1-C... 60 The number of substituents in the heterocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups can be trivalent or tetravalent. C1-C 60Examples of heterocyclic groups include pyridine groups, pyrimidine groups, pyrazine groups, pyridazine groups, triazine groups, quinoline groups, benzoquinoline groups, isoquinoline groups, benzoisoquinoline groups, quinoxaline groups, benzoquinoxaline groups, quinazoline groups, benzoquinazoline groups, phenanthrene groups, phthalazine groups, naphthidine groups, pyrrole groups, thiophene groups, furan groups, indole groups, benzoindole groups, naphthoindole groups, isoindole groups, benzoisoindole groups, naphthoisoindole groups, benzothiophene groups, benzofuran groups, carbazole groups, dibenzothiophene groups, dibenzothiophene groups, dibenzofuran groups, azacarbazole groups, azafluorene groups, azadibenzothiophene groups, azadibenzothiophene groups, azadibenzofuran groups, and pyrazole groups. Imidazole group, triazole group, tetraazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, oxadiazole group, thiadiazole group, benzopyrazole group, benzimazole group, benzoxazole group, benzothiazole group, benzooxadiazole group, benzothiadiazole group, imidazopyridine group, imidazopyrimidine group, imidazotriazine group, imidazopyrazine group, imidazopyridazine group, indolecarbazole group, indolecarbazole group, benzofurancarbazole group, benzothiophenecarbazole group, benzothiophenecarbazole group, benzoindolecarbazole group, benzocarbazole group, benzonaphthiophene group, benzonaphthiophene group, benzofurandibenzofuran group, benzofurandibenzothiophene group and benzothiophenedibenzothiophene group.

[0477] Replacement C5-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, substituted C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, substituted C1-C 60 alkylene groups, substituted C2-C 60 imide groups, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene groups, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted C6-C 60 arylene groups, substituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, substituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, substituted C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, substituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, substituted C1-C 60 alkoxy groups, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted C1-C 10Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, substituted C6-C 60 aryl group, substituted C6-C 60 aryloxy groups, substituted C6-C 60 aryl thiols, substituted C1-C 60 The substituents of the heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic group can be:

[0478] Deuterium (-D), -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group or nitro group;

[0479] Each of the following is an unsubstituted or replaced group: -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, C6-C 60 aryl group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aryl thiols, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 ) or -P(=O)(Q 11 (Q) 12 ) Replaced C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group or C1-C 60 alkoxy group;

[0480] Each of the following is an unsubstituted or replaced group: -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C10 Cycloalkyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, C6-C 60 aryl group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aryl thiols, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 ) or -P(=O)(Q 21 (Q) 22 ) Replaced C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, C6-C 60 aryl group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aryl thiols, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, or monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups;

[0481] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ); or any combination thereof.

[0482] The Q1 to Q3 and Q used in this article 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33Each of these groups can be independent of the others: hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C1-C. 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, C6-C 60 aryl group, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, biphenyl groups, or terphenyl groups.

[0483] As used herein, the term "Ph" refers to a phenyl group, "Me" refers to a methyl group, "Et" refers to an ethyl group, and "tert-Bu" or "Bu" refers to a tert-Bu group. t "" refers to the tert-butyl group, and as used herein, the term "OMe" refers to the methyl methacrylate group.

[0484] As used in this article, the term "biphenyl group" refers to a "phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group." In other words, a "biphenyl group" is a group with a C6-C6 bond. 60 The aryl group is a substituted phenyl group.

[0485] As used in this article, the term "terphenyl group" refers to a "phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group." In other words, a "terphenyl group" is a phenyl group with a C6-C substituted group. 60 C6-C substituted with aryl group 60 The aryl group is a substituted phenyl group.

[0486] As used herein, substituents for monovalent groups (e.g., alkyl groups) can also be substituents for the corresponding divalent groups (e.g., alkylene groups).

[0487] The terms “hydrogen” and “deuterium” refer to their respective atoms and corresponding groups, and the terms “-F, -Cl, -Br and -I” are the groups of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, respectively.

[0488] Unless otherwise defined, as used herein, * and *' each refer to the binding site with the adjacent atom in the corresponding formula.

[0489] The compounds and light-emitting devices according to exemplary embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. The phrase "using B instead of A" used to describe the synthesis examples means using an equimolar amount of B instead of A.

[0490] Example

[0491] Example 1

[0492] ITO The anode was cut to a size of 50mm × 50mm × 0.7mm, sonicated with isopropanol and pure water for 5 minutes each, and then cleaned by UV irradiation for 30 minutes and exposure to ozone. The glass substrate was then loaded onto a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0493] Compound HTL1 and p-doper (HAT-CN) were vacuum deposited on a substrate at a weight ratio of 1:0.1 to form a structure with... A p-doped hole transport layer of a certain thickness is formed, and then HT1, as a hole transport compound, is vacuum deposited on it to form a layer with... The thickness of the hole transport region.

[0494] Compound 1 was deposited on the hole transport region to form a first emission assist layer with a thickness of 25 nm. Compound 2 was deposited on the first emission assist layer to form a second emission assist layer with a thickness of 20 nm.

[0495] Compound 1, Compound 2 (7:3 weight ratio), and PD13 (10 wt% relative to the bulk) as a phosphorescent dopant were co-deposited on the second emission-assisted layer to form a layer with... An emitter layer of a certain thickness was then formed. Subsequently, compounds ETL1 and lithium quinoline (LiQ) in a 50:50 weight ratio were mixed and deposited onto the emitter layer to form an emitter layer with a thickness of [missing information]. An electron transport layer of a certain thickness is deposited on which LiQ is deposited to form an electron transport layer with [missing information]. A thick electron-injected layer is formed, and then Mg and Ag are co-deposited in vacuum (at a weight ratio of 90:10) on the electron-injected layer to form a layer with... A cathode of a certain thickness is used to complete the fabrication of the light-emitting device.

[0496] <htl1>

[0497]

[0498] <ht1>

[0499]

[0500] <npb>

[0501]

[0502] <etl1>

[0503]

[0504] Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8

[0505] The light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, but the first and second emission auxiliary layers were formed using the compounds described in Table 2.

[0506]

[0507]

[0508] Evaluation Example 1

[0509] The HOMO levels of the compounds used in the light-emitting devices manufactured according to Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were measured using a surface analyzer sold by RIKEN KEIKI Co., Ltd. in Tokyo, Japan under the trade name AC3, and the results are shown in Table 1. The HOMO level of HT1, a hole transport compound, was measured to be -5.11 eV.

[0510] Table 1

[0511]

[0512] Evaluation Example 2

[0513] Regarding the light-emitting devices manufactured according to Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8, the efficiency and lifespan were measured at 600 nits using a source meter sold by Tektronix, Inc. of Beaverton, Oregon under the trade name Keithley SMU 236 and a luminance meter sold by Konica Minolta Inc. of Tokyo, Japan under the trade name PR650, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0514] Table 2

[0515]

[0516]

[0517] The results summarized in Tables 1 and 2 confirm that the light-emitting device constructed according to the exemplary embodiments has a low driving voltage and exhibits significant and unexpected improvements in efficiency and lifespan. Furthermore, compared to the light-emitting devices manufactured according to Comparative Examples 1 to 8, the light-emitting devices manufactured according to Examples 1 and 2 exhibit significantly and unexpectedly higher efficiency and longer lifespan. Some advantages that can be achieved through exemplary embodiments of the present invention and / or exemplary methods of the present invention include providing a light-emitting device with low driving voltage, high efficiency, and long lifespan.

[0518] While certain exemplary embodiments and implementations have been described herein, other embodiments and modifications will be apparent from that description. Therefore, the inventive concept is not limited to such embodiments, but is limited to the broader scope of the appended claims and various obvious modifications and equivalent arrangements that will be apparent to those skilled in the art. < / npb> < / ht1> < / htl1>

Claims

1. A light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode opposite to the first electrode; and an intermediate layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the intermediate layer comprises an emission layer, a first emission auxiliary layer, a second emission auxiliary layer, and a hole transport zone, the hole transport zone is disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer, the first emission auxiliary layer and the second emission auxiliary layer are disposed between the emission layer and the hole transport zone, the first emission auxiliary layer comprises a first compound, the second emission auxiliary layer comprises a second compound, the hole transport zone comprises a hole transport compound, and the first compound and the hole transport compound satisfy the following Inequality 1: < Inequality 1> wherein, in Inequality 1, | E 1AU,HOMO - E HT,HOMO | ≤ 0.15 eV wherein the hole transport zone comprises a hole transport layer, and the hole transport layer comprises the hole transport compound, E 1AU,HOMO is the HOMO level of the first compound, and E HT,HOMO is the HOMO level of the hole transport compound, wherein the hole transport layer is in direct contact with the first emission auxiliary layer, and the second emission auxiliary layer is in direct contact with the emission layer, wherein the first emission auxiliary layer and the second emission auxiliary layer are free of p-dopant, wherein the second emission auxiliary layer has a thickness of 1 nm to 20 nm, wherein the first compound is a compound represented by Formula 2-1, and the second compound is a compound represented by Formula 1-1: < Formula 1-1> < Formula 2-1> in Formulae 1-1 and 2-1, ， each of a1 to a4 is independently 0, L1to L4are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, a5 is 1 or 2, L5is a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 15 substituted or unsubstituted C6-C substituted or unsubstituted C6-C -D, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group. R1and R2are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CF3, -CF2H, -CFH2, and C1-C6alkyl, 10 alkyl, In Formula 1-1, X1is C(R 11 )(R 12 ), wherein R 11 and R 12 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and R 11 and R 12 are linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene group; Ar3is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group; and R3is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group; In Formula 2-1, X1is C(R 11 )(R 12 ), wherein R 11 and R 12 are each independently selected from the group consisting of -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CF3, -CF2H, -CFH2, and Ci-C 10 alkyl groups; Ar2is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group; Ar4is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group; and R3is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -D, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CF3, -CF2H, -CFH2, and Ci-C 10 alkyl. wherein the substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene group, the substituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C6-C 60 arylene group, the substituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C6-C 15 arylene group, the substituted phenyl group, the substituted fluorene group, the substituted biphenyl group, and the substituted naphthyl group are:

2. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the second compound and the hole transport compound satisfy the following Inequality 2: < Inequality 2> in Inequality 2, | E 2AU,HOMO - E HT,HOMO | ≤ 0.25 eV wherein, 3. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: E 2AU,HOMO is the HOMO level of the second compound, and E HT,HOMO is the HOMO level of the hole transport compound. the first electrode is an anode; the second electrode is a cathode; the light-emitting device further comprises an electron transport zone disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode; the electron transport zone comprises a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof; and the hole transport zone further comprises a hole injection layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof.

4. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer comprises an amount of a host and an amount of a dopant, and the amount of the host is greater than the amount of the dopant.

5. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer comprises one or more than one quantum dot.

6. An apparatus comprising the light-emitting device of any one of claims 1 to 5. ​

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