A sealed electrode and its use

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of explosion-proof electrical appliances, in particular to a sealed electrode and its application. The sealed electrode comprises a sealed cavity, an electrode contact 1 and an electrode contact 2, the electrode contact 1 and the electrode contact 2 are located in the sealed cavity, and the electrode contact 1 and the electrode contact 2 are relatively moved in the sealed cavity to form a closed circuit or an open circuit. The beneficial effect is that the electric spark generated when the electrode contacts are connected or disconnected in the electrical device is isolated, and the explosion-proof effect is achieved. The second beneficial effect of the present application is that the arc of the electrode is extinguished in the sealed cavity. The third beneficial effect of the present application is that the oil injection in the flexible sealed cavity forms an oil-immersed sealed electrode for high-voltage power switches.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of explosion-proof electrical technology and high-voltage power, and in particular to a sealed electrode and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Explosion-proof electrical equipment is designed and manufactured according to explosion-proof standards. It is electrical equipment that will not cause an explosion in the surrounding explosive atmosphere under specified conditions. In flammable and explosive environments, on the one hand, the content of these substances in the air must be limited, and on the other hand, the temperature that can ignite flammable gases must be eliminated. Sparks, electric arcs, hot surfaces, and hot particles may occur during normal operation or in accident conditions of electrical equipment, all of which may become ignition sources for flammable gases.

[0003] Electrical equipment typically includes electrode contacts for switching current on and off, such as switch electrodes, relay electrodes, and power switching electrodes. However, electric sparks are generated when current is switched on or off. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Intrinsic safety stems from the fact that, according to the GB3836.4-201 standard, explosion-proof electrical appliances are classified into flameproof, increased safety, and intrinsically safe types. The characteristic of intrinsically safe electrical equipment is that all its circuits are intrinsically safe circuits, meaning that the electrical sparks and thermal effects generated under normal operation or specified fault conditions cannot ignite a specified explosive mixture. In other words, this type of electrical appliance is not protected by its casing or filling material; rather, the energy of the electrical sparks or thermal effects generated by its circuits during normal use or a fault is less than 0.28 mJ, which is the minimum ignition energy at a gas concentration of 8.5% (the most easily explosive concentration).

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to isolate the electrical sparks generated when electrodes in an electrical appliance are switched on or off, thereby achieving an explosion-proof effect for the appliance.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to extinguish the arc of the electrode within a sealed cavity.

[0007] Another objective of this invention is to inject insulating and pressure-resistant oil into a sealed cavity to create an oil-immersed sealed cavity electrode for high-voltage switching, which is beneficial for the miniaturization of high-voltage power switches.

[0008] The technical solution of this invention is:

[0009] A sealed electrode is characterized by comprising a sealed cavity, an electrode contact 1, and an electrode contact 2, wherein the electrode contact 1 and the electrode contact 2 are located within the sealed cavity, and the electrode contact 1 and the electrode contact 2 move relative to each other within the sealed cavity to form a closed or open circuit.

[0010] The sealing electrode described above is characterized in that: the sealing cavity is filled with insulating and pressure-resistant oil to form an oil-immersed sealing electrode.

[0011] The sealing electrode is characterized in that: the sealing cavity is a flexible sealing cavity, and the flexible sealing cavity contains insulating and pressure-resistant oil.

[0012] The sealing electrode is characterized in that, under the constraint of constant volume of insulating and pressure-resistant oil, the structure or shape of the flexible sealing cavity is selected so that the surface area of ​​the flexible sealing cavity in the stretched state / the surface area in the compressed state meets the stroke requirements between the two electrode contacts.

[0013] The sealing electrode is characterized in that the flexible sealing cavity is an elastic sealing cavity.

[0014] The sealing electrode is characterized in that: the flexible sealing cavity is oval-shaped, and circumferential folds or corrugations are provided on the sphere to facilitate stretching and compression.

[0015] The sealing electrode is characterized in that the folds or corrugations are shaped by reinforcing ribs or structural ribs.

[0016] The sealing electrode is characterized in that it is provided with an oil reservoir and a flexible sealing cavity connected together. When the flexible sealing cavity is compressed, the oil reservoir stores excess insulating and pressure-resistant oil in the flexible sealing cavity. When the flexible sealing cavity is stretched, the oil reservoir discharges insulating and pressure-resistant oil into the flexible sealing cavity.

[0017] The sealing electrode is characterized in that the insulating and withstand voltage oil is transformer oil.

[0018] The sealed electrode is characterized in that it further includes a driving device for driving the contact and separation of the electrode contacts.

[0019] The sealed electrode is characterized in that the sealing cavity is made of a gas-generating arc-extinguishing material, which generates arc-extinguishing gas to extinguish the arc when an electric spark occurs on the electrode.

[0020] The sealed electrode is characterized in that: a vacuum is maintained inside the sealed cavity to achieve vacuum arc extinguishing.

[0021] Furthermore, a getter is present inside the sealed cavity to absorb the gas within the cavity, thus maintaining a vacuum.

[0022] Furthermore, the getter is wrapped around the electrode contact portion. When the electrodes come into contact or separate, the heat generated by the electric spark heats the getter, thereby achieving the getter's gettering effect.

[0023] Furthermore, the getter is one of the following or an alloy thereof: zirconium, lithium, or titanium.

[0024] The sealing electrode is characterized in that the sealing cavity is made of a subconducting elastic material.

[0025] Furthermore, the subconductor elastic material sealing cavity is filled with insulating and pressure-resistant oil to form an oil-immersed sealing electrode.

[0026] The sealing electrode is characterized in that the sealing cavity is made of an insulating elastic material.

[0027] Furthermore, the insulating elastic material sealing cavity is filled with insulating pressure-resistant oil to form an oil-immersed sealing electrode.

[0028] The sealing electrode is characterized in that reinforcing ribs are provided in the sealing cavity.

[0029] The sealing electrode is characterized in that the sealing cavity is composed of an elastic element and a sealing sleeve.

[0030] The sealing electrode is characterized in that the sealing sleeve is made of a hard subconductor material.

[0031] The sealing electrode is characterized in that the sealing sleeve is made of a rigid insulating material.

[0032] The sealing electrode described above is characterized in that the elastic element is a spring.

[0033] The sealed electrode is characterized in that the resistance of the subconductor material is 10 megohms to 1000 megohms.

[0034] The application of the aforementioned sealed electrode is characterized in that: the sealed electrode is used in power isolation bridging, or load switches, or disconnect switches, or circuit breakers, or relays, or electrostatic grounding clamps.

[0035] The aforementioned sealed electrode is applied to an electromechanical grounding clamp, characterized in that: the clamp arm is further provided with an electrode contact 1, a subconductor elastic sealing cavity, an electrode contact 2, a hand contact electrode, and an elastic element. The hand contact electrode is connected to the electrode contact 1, and the electrode contact 2 is connected to the ground wire. The hand contact electrode is connected to the clamp arm through the elastic element. The electrode contact 1 is kept separated from the electrode contact 2 by the elastic force f of the elastic element. The sum of the elastic force f and the elastic force of the subconductor elastic sealing cavity is less than the elastic force F of the clamp body spring. When the hand grips the clamp arm of the electrostatic grounding clamp until the jaws open, the electrode contact 1 will inevitably have overcome the elastic force f and compressed the subconductor elastic sealing cavity. During the compression process, the static electricity of the human body is pre-released through the resistance of the hand contact electrode and the subconductor elastic sealing cavity. Further compression of the subconductor elastic sealing cavity causes the electrode contact 1 and the electrode contact 2 to contact the ground, realizing the grounding of the hand contact electrode and completely releasing the static electricity of the human body.

[0036] Furthermore, the resistance of the subconductor elastic sealed cavity is 10 megohms to 1000 megohms.

[0037] The beneficial effects of this invention are: isolating the electric sparks generated when electrode contacts in electrical equipment are switched on and off, thus achieving an explosion-proof effect. A second beneficial effect is extinguishing the arc of the electrodes within a sealed cavity. A third beneficial effect is creating an oil-immersed sealed electrode within a flexible sealed cavity for use in high-voltage power switches. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the electrode of the present invention after it is connected.

[0040] Figure 3 This is an embodiment of the present invention in which reinforcing ribs are provided in the sealed cavity.

[0041] Figure 4 This invention relates to electrode contacts used for static electricity elimination.

[0042] Figure 5 This invention relates to the structure and schematic diagram of an electromagnetic switch.

[0043] Figure 6 for Figure 5 An implementation plan for adding a release electromagnet to an electromagnetic switch.

[0044] Figure 7 This is an embodiment of the present invention in which the sealing cavity is composed of an elastic element and a sealing sleeve.

[0045] Figure 8 An implementation scheme for wrapping an electrode contact with a getter (getter material).

[0046] Figure 9 The electrode of this invention is applied to an electrostatic grounding clamp for safely releasing static electricity from the human body.

[0047] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of an oil-immersed sealed electrode.

[0048] Figure 11 A schematic diagram showing the pleats or corrugations provided for the sealing cavity of an oil-immersed sealing electrode.

[0049] Figure 12 A schematic diagram showing an oil reservoir for the sealing cavity of an oil-immersed sealing electrode.

[0050] Figure 13 This is an embodiment of the present invention that uses a rotating electrode contact. Detailed implementation method:

[0051] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0052] Figure 1The schematic diagram of the device of the present invention shows that the sealed electrode 1000 includes electrode contacts 101 and 103. Electrode contacts 101 and 103 are enclosed in a sealed cavity 102. The electrode contacts 101 and 103 move relative to each other within the sealed cavity 102 to form a closed or open circuit. In this case, the electric spark is contained within the sealed cavity, achieving an explosion-proof effect. The sealed cavity 102 can be made of an insulating elastic material, such as rubber or soft plastic. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the electrode of the present invention after it is connected.

[0053] Figure 3 In one embodiment of the present invention, reinforcing ribs are provided in the sealing cavity. Reinforcing ribs 1021 are arranged in the structural layer of the sealing cavity 102 to increase the strength of the sealing cavity to resist the intensity of electric sparks inside the cover.

[0054] Figure 4 This invention relates to electrode contacts for static electricity elimination, based on a human body static electricity release device described in patent application 2020100939195. 401 is a hand-touch electrode, and 402 is a grounding conductor. When a hand presses the hand-touch electrode 401, it activates the sealed electrode 1000, releasing static electricity from the human body through the grounding conductor 402, while simultaneously confining the electric spark within the sealed cavity. In this application, the sealed cavity can be made of a sub-conductive elastic material for pre-discharging static electricity from the human body (to avoid the electric shock sensation during static electricity release). The resistance of the sub-conductive elastic material is 10 megohms to 1000 megohms.

[0055] Figure 5 The present invention is applied to the structure and schematic diagram of an electromagnetic switch, wherein 501 is an electromagnet, 502 is a normally open stationary contact, 503 is a normally closed stationary contact, and 504 is an armature. The current from the drive module passes through the electromagnet 501, causing the armature 504 to engage, thus producing the on / off effect of each contact.

[0056] Figure 6 for Figure 5 An implementation scheme for adding a release electromagnet to the electromagnetic switch includes adding a release electromagnet 601, which allows the armature 504 to be reset more quickly.

[0057] The electromagnetic switches described in this invention include: electromagnetic power isolation bridges, electromagnetic load switches, electromagnetic disconnect switches, electromagnetic circuit breakers, and electromagnetic relays.

[0058] Figure 7 In one embodiment of the present invention, the sealing cavity is composed of an elastic element and a sealing sleeve. The sealing cavity is composed of an elastic element 701 and a sealing sleeve 702. The sealing sleeve can be made of a rigid insulating material, and the elastic element can be a spring. Alternatively, in another embodiment, the sealing sleeve is made of a rigid semi-conductive material.

[0059] In addition, the sealed cavity can be made of gas-generating arc-extinguishing materials, which generate arc-extinguishing gas to extinguish the arc when an electric spark occurs at the electrode. Gas-generating arc-extinguishing materials include: polyamide arc-extinguishing composite materials, amino plastics, acetal resin, plexiglass, red steel paper, and reverse white paper.

[0060] Figure 8 One embodiment involves wrapping an electrode contact with a getter (getting material). This embodiment employs vacuum arc extinguishing, maintaining a vacuum within the sealed cavity. Furthermore, the getter within the sealed cavity absorbs gases, thus maintaining the vacuum. Further, the getter 801 is wrapped around the electrode contact portion; the heat from the electric spark generated when the electrodes contact or separate heats the getter, achieving its gettering effect. Zirconium, lithium, and titanium strongly absorb gases such as nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. For example, coating zirconium powder on the surface of the electrode heating component can absorb residual gases in the vacuum tube.

[0061] Figure 9 This invention relates to an electrostatic grounding clamp for safely releasing static electricity from the human body. Considering that the human body itself carries static electricity, even if the clamp is inherently safe, personnel operation in an explosion-proof environment can still generate electric sparks, creating a safety hazard. The electrostatic grounding clamp includes clamp arms 901 and 908, a clamp body spring 902, and jaws including jaw lips 903 and 905 with grounding teeth 904. The clamp arms are equipped with electrode contacts 101 and 103, a subconductor elastic sealing cavity 102, a hand-contact electrode 907, and an elastic element 906. The hand-contact electrode 907 is connected to the electrode contact 101, and the electrode contact 103 is connected to the ground wire. The hand-contact electrode 907 is connected to the clamp arm 908 via the elastic element 906. The electrode contact 101 is held in place by the elastic force f of the elastic element 906 and the electrode contact 103. The sum of the elastic force f and the elastic force of the subconductor elastic sealing cavity 102 is less than the elastic force F of the clamp body spring 902. When the hand grips the clamp arm of the static grounding clamp until the jaws open, the electrode contact 101 must have overcome the elastic force f and compressed the subconductor elastic sealing cavity 102. During the compression process, the static electricity of the human body is pre-discharged through the resistance of the hand contact electrode 907 and the subconductor elastic sealing cavity 102. Further compression of the subconductor elastic sealing cavity 102 brings the electrode contact 101 and electrode contact 103 into contact, achieving grounding of the hand contact electrode 907 and completely releasing the static electricity of the human body. Furthermore, the resistance value of the subconductor elastic sealing cavity 102 is 10 megohms to 1000 megohms.

[0062] The human body capacitance is generally 200pF, the human body resistance is taken as 10 kΩ, and the resistance of the subconductor elastic sealed cavity 102 is taken as 330 MΩ. According to the RC curve, the electrostatic pre-discharge is basically completed after 3 seconds, and no electric shock is generated to the human body. The residual voltage is less than 100 volts. The residual voltage is very low. When the hand touches the electrode grounded, it will not generate electric shock to the person. At the same time, the low residual voltage release is inherently safe (energy less than 0.28 mJ).

[0063] In addition, since the breakdown voltage of air is about 3kV / mm, the distance between electrode contacts 101 and 103 is greater than 3mm to meet the requirements in most cases.

[0064] Alternatively, an oil-immersed sealing electrode can be constructed by filling the sealed cavity with insulating withstand voltage oil, such as transformer oil. Transformer oil has a withstand voltage of over 4000 kV / cm. Its main components are cycloalkanes, alkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons, and its relative permittivity ε is between 2.2 and 2.4. Alternatively, a sealed cavity made of insulating elastic material can be filled with transformer oil. Utilizing the elasticity of this material, the two electrode contacts can move within the transformer oil. The advantages of this oil-immersed sealing electrode are its simple manufacturing process, ease of use, and suitability for standardization.

[0065] The sealing cavity of the oil-immersed sealed electrode is made of an elastic material, which can be further understood as a flexible oil-immersed sealed electrode.

[0066] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of an oil-immersed sealed electrode. 1001 is an electrode driving device, such as an electromagnet or motor, which drives the contact and separation of electrode contacts 101 and 103. 1002 is insulating and withstand voltage oil, such as transformer oil. 1003 is a flexible sealed cavity. The concept of a flexible sealed cavity is based on the fact that the electrodes can move towards each other. The concept of flexibility is greater than elasticity, so it can be further described as an elastic sealed cavity. The volume of insulating and withstand voltage oil 1002 injected into the flexible sealed cavity 1003 should be less than or equal to the maximum capacity of the flexible sealed cavity 1003. If an elastic material is used, there is a large redundancy. The specific shape can be made into a rugby ball shape, and circumferential corrugations can be set on the ball to facilitate stretching and compression.

[0067] Figure 11This diagram illustrates the design of a flexible sealing cavity for an oil-immersed sealing electrode, featuring pleats or corrugations. The flexible sealing cavity 1003 is oval-shaped when stretched and approaches a spherical shape when compressed. Insulating and pressure-resistant oil 1002 is injected into the flexible sealing cavity 1003. While the volume of the insulating and pressure-resistant oil 1002 does not change with stretching or compression, its surface area increases with stretching (a sphere has the smallest surface area for the same volume of material). The surface area of ​​the insulating and pressure-resistant oil 1002 represents the area of ​​the inner surface that the flexible sealing cavity 1003 can provide. If the surface area that the flexible sealing cavity 1003 can provide remains unchanged after stretching... This would result in the inability to stretch (the surface is taut, i.e., tension due to a constant surface area). Therefore, pleats or corrugations 1101 are designed. During compression, the gaps 1102 are closed or partially closed, providing no surface area. During stretching, the gaps 1102 provide additional surface area extension. This allows for the stretching and compression of the flexible sealing cavity after oil filling. In the specific design, the number and area of ​​pleats or corrugations are calculated to ensure that the surface tension generated by the surface area change (the volume of the insulating and pressure-resistant oil remains constant) under both compression and stretching conditions is zero (ideal state). Of course, an elastic material can be used to make the flexible sealing cavity for tension adjustment. Furthermore, reinforcing ribs or reinforcing hoops can be added to the transverse circumference of the flexible sealing cavity.

[0068] Figure 12 This diagram illustrates the design of an oil reservoir within the sealing cavity of an oil-immersed sealing electrode. Considering the potential for significant stretching distance between the two electrode contacts, which could cause volume changes in the flexible sealing cavity, and given the incompressibility of liquids, an oil reservoir 1201 can be incorporated. The inner cavity of the oil reservoir 1201 is connected to the inner cavity of the flexible sealing cavity 1003. During compression, the oil reservoir 1201 absorbs insulating pressure-resistant oil and expands; during stretching, it discharges the insulating pressure-resistant oil and collapses, thus enabling movement of the two electrode contacts. Of course, this can be combined with… Figure 11 The design also incorporates folds or corrugations, which are further supported by reinforcing ribs (or structural ribs).

[0069] Another implementation scheme requires a large stroke between the two electrode contacts under the constraint of a constant volume of insulating and withstand-voltage oil, resulting in a large change in surface area. A sphere is used as the calculation model with the minimum surface area. The flexible sealing cavity can be a regular triangular pyramid, or a cube (the surface area of ​​a cube is approximately 1.24 times that of a sphere). The flexible sealing cavity can be made of elastic material so that the required shape can be temporarily fixed (it can be shaped during manufacturing or shaped using elastic ribs). Due to the large redundancy of the surface area, the movement space between the two electrode contacts is also large.

[0070] Figure 13In the embodiment of the present invention using a rotating electrode contact, considering the incompressibility of liquids, an embodiment that does not change the shape of the liquid container can be adopted. A rotating electrode contact 1301 and a rotating drive device 1302 are provided, and the rotating electrode contact 1301 and the electrode contact 101 are brought into contact or separated under the drive of the rotating drive device 1302.

[0071] The oil-immersed sealed electrode is characterized by including a flexible sealing cavity, an electrode contact 1, and an electrode contact 2. The electrode contact 1 and the electrode contact 2 are located inside the flexible sealing cavity, which contains insulating and pressure-resistant oil. The electrode contact 1 and the electrode contact 2 move relative to each other within the flexible sealing cavity to form a closed or open circuit.

[0072] The oil-immersed sealed electrode is characterized by selecting the structure or shape of the flexible sealing cavity under the constraint of constant insulating and pressure-resistant oil volume, so that the surface area of ​​the flexible sealing cavity in the stretched state / surface area in the compressed state meets the stroke requirements between the two electrode contacts.

[0073] The oil-immersed sealed electrode is characterized by having a flexible sealing cavity shaped like an oval, with circumferential folds or corrugations on the sphere to facilitate stretching and compression.

[0074] The oil-immersed sealed electrode is characterized in that the folds or corrugations are shaped by reinforcing ribs.

[0075] The oil-immersed sealed electrode is characterized by having an oil reservoir and a flexible sealing cavity connected together. When the flexible sealing cavity is compressed, the oil reservoir stores excess insulating and pressure-resistant oil in the flexible sealing cavity. When the flexible sealing cavity is stretched, the oil reservoir discharges insulating and pressure-resistant oil into the flexible sealing cavity.

[0076] The oil-immersed sealed electrode is characterized by further including a driving device for driving the contact and separation of the electrode contacts.

[0077] The oil-immersed sealed electrode is characterized in that the flexible sealing cavity is an elastic sealing cavity.

[0078] The oil-immersed sealed electrode is characterized in that the insulating and withstand voltage oil is transformer oil.

[0079] The electrode leads of the oil-immersed sealed electrode can be covered with a pressure-resistant insulating material to prevent air breakdown between the two electrodes, thus enabling the miniaturization of high-voltage power switches.

[0080] The above application modes and rules do not limit the basic features of the method and system of the present invention, nor do they limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrostatic grounding clamp using sealed electrodes, characterized in that: The sealed electrode includes a sealed cavity, an electrode contact one, and an electrode contact two. Electrode contact one and electrode contact two are located inside the sealed cavity. Electrode contact one and electrode contact two can move relative to each other within the sealed cavity to form a closed or open circuit. Maintaining a vacuum within the sealed cavity achieves vacuum arc extinguishing; The sealed cavity contains a getter to absorb the gas inside and maintain a vacuum. The getter is wrapped around the electrode contact portion. When the electrodes come into contact or separate, the heat generated by the electric spark heats the getter, thus achieving the getter's gettering effect. The getter is one of the following or an alloy thereof: zirconium, lithium, titanium; The sealed cavity is made of a subconductor elastic material; A sealed electrode consisting of electrode contact one, a subconductor elastic sealing cavity, and electrode contact two is installed on the clamp arm of the electrostatic grounding clamp. A hand-contact electrode and an elastic element are also installed on the clamp arm. The hand-contact electrode is connected to electrode contact one, and electrode contact two is connected to the ground wire. The hand-contact electrode is connected to the clamp arm via the elastic element. Electrode contact one is kept separate from electrode contact two by the elastic force f of the elastic element. A clamp body spring is installed between the two clamp arms of the electrostatic grounding clamp. The elastic force of the clamp body spring is F. The sum of the elastic force f and the elastic force of the subconductor elastic sealing cavity is less than the elastic force F of the clamp body spring. When the hand grips the clamp arm of the electrostatic grounding clamp until the jaws open, electrode contact one will inevitably overcome the elastic force f and compress the subconductor elastic sealing cavity. During the compression process, the static electricity of the human body is pre-released through the resistance of the hand-contact electrode and the subconductor elastic sealing cavity. Further compression of the subconductor elastic sealing cavity causes electrode contact one and electrode contact two to contact the ground, achieving grounding of the hand-contact electrode and complete release of the static electricity of the human body.

2. The electrostatic grounding clamp using a sealed electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resistance of the subconductor elastic sealed cavity is 10 megohms to 1000 megohms.

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