A shear crusher and its tool overload protection system

Abstract

This invention discloses a tool overload protection system, comprising a tool shaft rotatably mounted on a frame, a movable tool disposed on the circumferential surface of the tool shaft, a tool holder rotatably connected to the frame, a fixed tool disposed on the tool holder and meshing with the movable tool, and a first driving component disposed on the frame and connected to the tool holder. This first driving component drives the tool holder to rotate and disengage from the moving and fixed tools when there is a pressure overload between them, creating a gap for foreign objects to pass through. Thus, the tool overload protection system provided by this invention, when there is a pressure overload between the moving and fixed tools, uses the driving action of the first driving component on the tool holder to cause the fixed tool to rotate with the tool holder, disengaging from the moving tool and creating a large gap for foreign objects to fall off promptly. This achieves tool overload protection for shear crushers, preventing tool damage during overload, avoiding equipment shutdown due to overload, and improving production efficiency. This invention also discloses a shear crusher.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crusher technology, and in particular to a cutter overload protection system. This invention also relates to a shear crusher. Background Technology

[0002] Shear crushers are widely used in the environmental protection industry for crushing and reducing the volume of various wastes.

[0003] The materials to be crushed have complex compositions, and the core component of a shear crusher—the cutter head (including moving and stationary cutters)—works in a harsh environment, making it prone to chipping or damage over time. Traditional shear crushers lack a cutter head protection system, and maintenance is only carried out after abnormal noises, cutter shaft jamming, or motor overload protection are detected, or the damage to the cutters is only discovered during routine downtime maintenance.

[0004] Existing shear crushers typically suffer from the following drawbacks: Their protective measures against hard foreign objects have inherent limitations due to their structural characteristics. Since existing equipment typically uses a rotating cutter shaft with fixed cutters mounted on the housing, when a hard object enters and cannot be crushed, the cutters in some machines without active protection are directly damaged. Even in machines with motor overload protection, the motor stops operating when encountering a hard object that cannot be crushed, effectively protecting the motor but still posing a risk of cutter damage. Furthermore, manual cleaning or operation is required after cutter damage or equipment shutdown, resulting in low automation and a heavy manual workload. Frequent downtime for maintenance or cutter replacement inevitably leads to reduced production efficiency and increased production costs.

[0005] Therefore, how to achieve overload protection for the cutting tools of a shear crusher, prevent the cutting tools from being damaged when overloaded, avoid equipment shutdown due to overload, and improve production efficiency is a technical problem faced by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cutter overload protection system that can protect the cutters of a shear crusher from overload, prevent damage to the cutters when overloaded, avoid equipment shutdown due to overload, and improve production efficiency. Another purpose of this invention is to provide a shear crusher.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a tool overload protection system, including a tool shaft rotatably mounted on a frame, a movable tool mounted on the circumferential surface of the tool shaft, a tool holder rotatably connected to the frame, a fixed tool mounted on the tool holder and meshing with the movable tool, and a first driving component mounted on the frame and connected to the tool holder, for driving the tool holder to rotate so that the two disengage from the meshing state and leave a gap for foreign objects to pass through when the pressure between the movable tool and the fixed tool is overloaded.

[0008] Preferably, the output end of the first driving component is connected to the bottom of the end face of the tool holder, and the top of the end face of the tool holder is rotatably suspended on the frame.

[0009] Preferably, the first driving component is a driving cylinder, and the cylinder liner of the first driving component is rotatably connected to the upper end of the frame, and the cylinder rod of the first driving component is rotatably connected to the bottom end face of the tool holder.

[0010] Preferably, the device further includes a hopper mounted on the frame, the cutter shaft being disposed inside the hopper, and the moving cutter engaging with the fixed cutter at the outlet of the hopper.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes a conveyor located below the discharge port of the hopper for collecting foreign objects falling between the moving blade and the fixed blade.

[0012] Preferably, it further includes a screen that is rotatably connected to the frame and covers the discharge port of the hopper, for receiving the material crushed by the moving blade and the fixed blade, and a second driving component disposed on the frame and connected to the screen, for driving the screen to rotate to avoid the falling path of foreign objects when the pressure between the moving blade and the fixed blade is overloaded.

[0013] Preferably, the screen is arc-shaped, and the lower half of the cutter shaft is accommodated within the screen.

[0014] Preferably, the end of the screen is rotatably connected to the frame, the second driving component is a driving cylinder, and the first end of the cylinder liner of the second driving component is rotatably connected to the lower end of the frame, and the end of the cylinder rod of the second driving component is rotatably connected to the bottom of the screen.

[0015] Preferably, the fixed blade is radially movable on the blade holder, and the end face of the blade holder is provided with an adjusting bolt for screwing to adjust the radial movement position of the fixed blade.

[0016] The present invention also provides a shear crusher, including a frame and a tool overload protection system disposed on the frame, wherein the tool overload protection system is specifically the tool overload protection system described in any of the above claims.

[0017] The tool overload protection system provided by this invention mainly includes a tool shaft, a moving tool, a tool holder, a fixed tool, and a first driving component. The tool shaft is mounted on the frame and can rotate on the frame. The moving tool is mounted on the circumferential surface of the tool shaft and rotates synchronously with the tool shaft, primarily used to mesh with the fixed tool to crush and destroy material placed between the moving and fixed tools. The tool holder is mounted on the frame and can rotate on the frame. The fixed tool is mounted on the tool holder and usually remains stationary, primarily used to mesh with the rotating moving tool. The first driving component is mounted on the frame, and its output end is connected to the tool holder. It primarily drives the tool holder to rotate on the frame so that when the electrical control system of the shear crusher detects excessive pressure between the moving and fixed tools, reaching a preset threshold (i.e., overload), the rotating motion of the tool holder drives the fixed tool to rotate synchronously, disengaging the fixed tool from the moving tool and simultaneously leaving a larger gap between the fixed and moving tools for difficult-to-crush foreign objects to pass through. Of course, after the foreign object passes through, the first driving component can re-drive the cutter holder to reverse and rotate, restoring the engagement between the fixed and moving cutters and continuing the crushing operation. Thus, the cutter overload protection system provided by this invention, when the pressure on the moving and fixed cutters is overloaded, uses the driving action of the first driving component on the cutter holder to cause the fixed cutter to rotate with the cutter holder, disengaging from the moving cutter and leaving a large gap for the foreign object to fall off promptly. This achieves cutter overload protection for the shear crusher, preventing damage to the cutters during overload, avoiding equipment shutdown due to overload, and improving production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the meshing structure between the moving and stationary cutting tools.

[0021] in, Figure 1 — Figure 2 middle:

[0022] Frame—1, cutter shaft—2, moving cutter—3, cutter holder—4, fixed cutter—5, first drive unit—6, hopper—7, conveyor—8, screen—9, second drive unit—10, adjusting bolt—11, fastening bolt—12. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the tool overload protection system mainly includes a tool shaft 2, a moving tool 3, a tool holder 4, a fixed tool 5, and a first driving component 6.

[0026] The cutter shaft 2 is mounted on the frame 1 and can rotate on the frame 1. The moving cutter 3 is mounted on the circumferential surface of the cutter shaft 2 and rotates synchronously with the cutter shaft 2. It is mainly used to form a meshing engagement with the fixed cutter 5 so as to crush and destroy the material placed between the moving cutter 3 and the fixed cutter 5.

[0027] The tool holder 4 is mounted on the frame 1 and can be rotated on the frame 1. The fixed tool 5 is mounted on the tool holder 4 and is usually kept stationary, mainly used to form a meshing engagement with the rotating moving tool 3.

[0028] The first drive component 6 is mounted on the frame 1, and its output end is connected to the cutter holder 4. It is mainly used to drive the cutter holder 3 to rotate on the frame 1. When the electrical control system of the shear crusher detects that the pressure between the moving cutter 3 and the fixed cutter 5 is too high and reaches the preset threshold (i.e., overload), the rotating motion of the cutter holder 4 drives the fixed cutter 5 to rotate synchronously, so that the fixed cutter 5 disengages from the moving cutter 3. At the same time, a large gap is left between the fixed cutter 5 and the moving cutter 3 for difficult-to-crush foreign objects to pass through.

[0029] Of course, after the foreign object passes through, the first drive component 6 can re-drive the cutter 3 holder to reverse and rotate, restoring the engagement between the fixed cutter 5 and the moving cutter 3, and continuing the crushing operation. Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the meshing structure between the moving cutter 3 and the fixed cutter 5.

[0030] Thus, the tool overload protection system provided in this embodiment, when the pressure of the moving tool 3 and the fixed tool 5 is overloaded, through the driving action of the first driving component 6 on the tool holder 4, causes the fixed tool 5 to flip with the tool holder 4 and disengage from the moving tool 3, leaving a large gap so that foreign objects can fall off in time. It can realize the tool overload protection of the shear crusher, prevent the tool from being damaged when overloaded, avoid equipment overload shutdown, and improve production efficiency.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the first driving component 6, to facilitate the rotation of the tool holder 3, the output end of the first driving component 6 is connected to the bottom of the outer end face of the tool holder 4 (the inner end face of the tool holder 4 is arc-shaped, mainly used for mounting the fixed tool 5). Simultaneously, the top of the outer end face of the tool holder 4 is suspended on the frame 1, and specifically connected to the frame 1 via pins, shafts, or other components, allowing it to rotate on the frame 1. With this configuration, when the output end of the first driving component 6 pulls the bottom of the outer end face of the tool holder 3, the tool holder 4 will rotate under power around the connection point between the top of its outer end face and the frame 1, causing the tool holder 4 to rotate outwards (counterclockwise rotation as shown in the figure) or inwards (clockwise rotation as shown in the figure).

[0032] Furthermore, to facilitate the rotation of the tool holder 3 by the first driving component 6, in this embodiment, the first driving component 6 is specifically a driving cylinder, such as a hydraulic cylinder, electric cylinder, or pneumatic cylinder. Simultaneously, the cylinder sleeve of this driving cylinder is connected to the upper end of the frame 1 via a revolute joint, while the lever end of the driving cylinder is connected to the bottom of the end face of the tool holder 4, also via a revolute joint. With this configuration, when the lever of the driving cylinder retracts, it pulls the tool holder 3 outwards, causing the fixed tool 5 to disengage from the moving tool 3 and creating a gap; conversely, when the lever of the driving cylinder extends, it pushes the tool holder 3 inwards, causing the fixed tool 5 to mesh with the moving tool 3 and reducing the gap.

[0033] In addition, to facilitate the addition of materials, this embodiment also includes a hopper 7 on the frame 1. Correspondingly, in this embodiment, the cutter shaft 2 is specifically disposed inside the hopper 7 and can rotate within it. Simultaneously, the moving cutter 3 and the fixed cutter 5 are specifically engaged at the discharge port of the hopper 7. Specifically, the moving cutter 3 is located inside the discharge port of the hopper 7, while the fixed cutter 5 is located outside the discharge port of the hopper 7, with a certain inherent gap between the moving cutter 3 and the fixed cutter 5. When materials are added into the hopper 7, they will fall along the curved inner wall of the hopper 7 into the inherent gap between the moving cutter 3 and the fixed cutter 5, where they will be crushed and broken during the engagement stroke.

[0034] Furthermore, to facilitate the collection of difficult-to-break foreign objects, this embodiment also includes a conveyor 8 located below the discharge port of the hopper 7. Specifically, the conveying surface of the conveyor 8 faces the discharge port of the hopper 7 and is located at the projection of the gap between the moving blade 3 and the fixed blade 5. When foreign objects fall from the gap between the moving blade 3 and the fixed blade 5, they will be caught by the conveyor 8 and transported to the designated location.

[0035] Furthermore, considering that difficult-to-crush foreign objects typically constitute only a small portion of all materials in the feed hopper 7, with the majority being ordinary materials that can be normally crushed, and that these ordinary materials will form powder after being crushed by the passive blade 3 and fixed blade 5, a screen 9 is added in this embodiment to facilitate the collection of the crushed material powder. Specifically, the screen 9 is connected to the frame 1 and located at the discharge port of the hopper 7, mainly used to collect the material crushed by the passive blade 3 and fixed blade 5.

[0036] Furthermore, to prevent foreign objects from falling into the screen 9 through the gap between the moving blade 3 and the fixed blade 5, a second driving component 10 is added in this embodiment. Specifically, the second driving component 10 is mounted on the frame 1, and its output end is connected to the screen 9. One end of the screen 9 is rotatably connected to the frame 1, so that under the power output of the second driving component 10, the screen 9 can be driven to rotate on the frame 1. In the event of pressure overload between the moving blade 3 and the fixed blade 5, the screen 9 is ensured to rotate to an angle sufficient to avoid the falling path of the foreign object, so that the foreign object can smoothly avoid the screen 9 and accurately fall onto the conveyor 8.

[0037] Generally, to prevent the crushed material from falling off, the screen 9 completely covers the discharge port of the hopper 7. However, to ensure that the fixed blade 5 can smoothly engage with the moving blade 3 at the discharge port of the hopper 7, the end of the screen 9 is usually located below the fixed blade 5, thus leaving space for the fixed blade 5 and the moving blade 3 to engage. Of course, when a foreign object falls, the second drive component 10 needs to act first, causing the screen 9 to rotate (clockwise rotation in the diagram), and then the first drive component 6 moves, causing the blade 3 holder and the fixed blade 5 to rotate (counter-clockwise rotation in the diagram). This is to avoid motion interference and smoothly leave a path for the foreign object to fall.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the screen 9, the screen 9 is specifically arc-shaped, and the axis of the cutter shaft 2 is located at the discharge port of the hopper 7, while the upper half of the cutter shaft 2 is located inside the hopper 7 and the lower half of the cutter shaft 2 is located outside the hopper 7, and is contained within the screen 9 and blocked by the screen 9.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the second driving component 10, the second driving component 10 is specifically a driving cylinder, such as a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, or a pneumatic cylinder. The cylinder sleeve of this driving cylinder is connected to the lower end of the frame 1 via a rotating joint, while the lever end of the driving cylinder is connected to the bottom of the screen 9 via a rotating joint as well. With this configuration, when the lever of the driving cylinder retracts, it pulls the screen 9 outwards, causing its end to disengage from the bottom surface of the fixed blade 5, thus creating space for the fixed blade 5 to rotate. Conversely, when the lever of the driving cylinder extends, it pushes the screen 9 inwards, causing the end of the screen 9 to re-engage with the bottom surface of the fixed blade 5, completely covering the discharge port of the hopper 7.

[0040] Generally, to improve the crushing efficiency of a shear crusher, the cutter shaft 2 has a large axial length, and multiple moving cutters 3 are evenly distributed along the axial direction on the circumference of the cutter shaft 2. Correspondingly, multiple fixed cutters 5 and cutter holders 4 also need to be provided to cooperate with the multiple moving cutters 3. Specifically, multiple cutter holders 4 are simultaneously distributed along the axial direction on the frame 1, and similarly, multiple fixed cutters 5 are also simultaneously distributed along the axial direction on the cutter holders 4, so as to simultaneously mesh with the multiple axially distributed moving cutters 3, so as to carry out multiple operations at the same time and improve the operation efficiency.

[0041] Furthermore, considering that difficult-to-crush foreign objects usually only appear at one or a few locations along the axis of the cutter shaft 2, if the entire screen 9 and the cutter holder 4 are flipped in order to discharge the foreign objects, all normally crushed materials along the axis will inevitably be discharged onto the conveyor 8 at the same time, resulting in material waste. Therefore, in this embodiment, the screen 9 and the cutter holder 4 are separate structures.

[0042] Specifically, the screen 9 is divided into multiple sub-screens along the axial direction, and the axial length of each sub-screen is sufficient to cover one or more moving blades 3. Similarly, the blade holder 4 is divided into multiple sub-seats along the axial direction, and the axial length of each seat is sufficient to cover one or more fixed blades 5, corresponding to the moving blades 3.

[0043] Similarly, multiple first drive components 6 and second drive components 10 are respectively provided and distributed along the axial direction on the frame 1, each used to drive its corresponding sub-net and sub-base to rotate. With this configuration, when the electrical control system of the shear crusher detects a foreign object, it can first determine the specific location of the foreign object, identifying which section or segments of the sub-net and sub-base it is located in. Then, it controls the corresponding first drive component 6 and second drive component 10 to precisely rotate the corresponding sub-net and sub-base, causing the foreign object to fall from the gap between the moving blade 3 and the fixed blade 5 in the corresponding area, reducing material waste.

[0044] In another specific embodiment provided by the present invention, the tool overload protection system includes, in addition to the tool shaft 2, moving tool 3, tool holder 4, fixed tool 5 and first drive component 6, an adjusting bolt 11.

[0045] The adjusting bolt 11 is inserted into the outer end face of the cutter holder 4 and extends inward within the cutter holder 4 to connect with the end of the fixed cutter 5. In this embodiment, the fixed cutter 5 and the cutter holder 4 are floatingly connected, allowing it to move radially on the cutter holder 4 to adjust its radial position. Furthermore, the adjusting bolt 11 and the end of the fixed cutter 5 form a threaded drive connection; when the adjusting bolt 11 is tightened, it drives the fixed cutter 5 to move linearly along the radial direction of the cutter holder 4 or the cutter shaft 2. When the fixed cutter 5 is adjusted to the target radial position, it can be re-fixed to the cutter holder 4 using fastening bolts 12 and other components. This configuration allows for convenient adjustment of the inherent gap between the moving cutter 3 and the fixed cutter 5 by adjusting the radial position of the fixed cutter 5 using the adjusting bolt 11. This allows for appropriately reducing the inherent gap to improve the crushing effect when crushing soft materials or small particles, or appropriately increasing the inherent gap to improve the crushing effect when crushing large particles.

[0046] This embodiment also provides a shear crusher, which mainly includes a frame 1 and a tool overload protection system installed on the frame 1. The specific contents of the tool overload protection system are the same as those mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0047] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A tool overload protection system, characterized in that, The device includes a cutter shaft (2) rotatably mounted on a frame (1), a movable cutter (3) mounted on the circumferential surface of the cutter shaft (2), a cutter holder (4) rotatably connected to the frame (1), a fixed cutter (5) mounted on the cutter holder (4) and meshing with the movable cutter (3), and a first drive component (6) mounted on the frame (1) and connected to the cutter holder (4), used to drive the cutter holder (4) to rotate so that the two disengage from the meshing state and leave a gap for foreign objects to pass through when the pressure between the movable cutter (3) and the fixed cutter (5) is overloaded; It also includes a hopper (7) set on the frame (1), a conveyor (8) set below the discharge port of the hopper (7), and a screen (9) that is rotatably connected to the frame (1) and covers the discharge port of the hopper (7). The moving blade (3) and the fixed blade (5) are engaged at the discharge port of the hopper (7). The conveyor (8) is used to collect foreign objects falling from between the moving blade (3) and the fixed blade (5). The screen (9) is used to collect materials crushed by the moving blade (3) and the fixed blade (5). The frame (1) is provided with a second driving component (10) connected to the screen (9). The second driving component (10) is used to drive the screen (9) to flip over to avoid the falling path of foreign objects when the pressure between the moving blade (3) and the fixed blade (5) is overloaded. Both the screen (9) and the knife holder (4) are split structures. The screen 9 is divided into multiple sub-screens along the axial direction. The axial length of each sub-screen is sufficient to cover one moving knife (3) or several moving knives (3). The knife holder (4) is divided into multiple sub-seats along the axial direction. The axial length of each sub-seat is sufficient to cover one fixed knife (5) or several fixed knives (5). The first driving component (6) and the second driving component (10) are provided in multiples and distributed along the axial direction on the frame (1). They are used to drive their respective sub-screens and sub-seats to perform flipping motion. The fixed blade (5) is radially movable on the blade holder (4). The fixed blade (5) and the blade holder (4) are floatingly connected. The end face of the blade holder (4) is provided with an adjusting bolt (11) for adjusting the radial movement position of the fixed blade (5).

2. The tool overload protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output end of the first drive component (6) is connected to the bottom end face of the tool holder (4), and the top end face of the tool holder (4) is rotatably suspended on the frame (1).

3. The tool overload protection system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first driving component (6) is a driving cylinder, and the cylinder liner of the first driving component (6) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the frame (1), and the cylinder rod end of the first driving component (6) is rotatably connected to the bottom end face of the tool holder (4).

4. The tool overload protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutter shaft (2) is located inside the hopper (7).

5. The tool overload protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The screen (9) is arc-shaped, and the lower half of the cutter shaft (2) is contained within the screen (9).

6. The tool overload protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the screen (9) is rotatably connected to the frame (1), the second drive component (10) is a drive cylinder, and the cylinder liner of the second drive component (10) is rotatably connected to the lower end of the frame (1), and the cylinder rod of the second drive component (10) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the screen (9).

7. A shear crusher, comprising a frame (1) and a cutter overload protection system disposed on the frame (1), characterized in that, The tool overload protection system is specifically the tool overload protection system described in any one of claims 1-6.

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