A vertical vacuum resistance furnace

Abstract

A vertical vacuum resistance furnace includes a furnace body, a furnace top, a furnace bottom, a cooling bin, a screw discharger, a dust collector, a vacuum pumping unit, and a lava box; the beneficial effects are that it can not only be used for high-temperature production of graphite materials, but also for the harmless treatment and purification of graphite materials, such as waste cathode carbon blocks and waste anode carbon blocks from electrolytic aluminum. It has high purification efficiency, is easy to operate, and greatly reduces the production cost of graphitization purification processing of carbon-based materials; through the structural setting of automatic unloading and the setting of a cooling bin body, the furnace body can carry out continuous calcination operations, realizing semi-automatic continuous operations in graphitization production; during the calcination process of the furnace body, through the vacuum pumping operations at the furnace bottom and the side walls, harmful substances and salt impurities in the graphite can be timely and effectively discharged outside the furnace body and collected to avoid environmental pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of carbon material processing, and particularly relates to a resistance furnace for purifying and graphitizing carbon materials. Background Art

[0002] Resistance furnace equipment has the characteristics of high heating temperature and convenient control, and is very suitable for high-temperature graphitization treatment of carbonaceous materials. However, the resistance furnaces used in the prior art usually only have the function of high-temperature heating and can only be used for graphitizing carbon materials. They not only consume high power but also cannot be used to purify carbon materials, such as the harmless treatment of waste cathode carbon blocks. The reason is that carbon materials such as waste cathode carbon blocks contain a large amount of harmful substances. The existing resistance furnaces cannot efficiently separate and discharge the harmful substances in the carbon materials during the heating process for purification, resulting in the graphitized carbon materials still containing harmful substances exceeding the use standard, with low purification efficiency and failing to achieve the purpose of recycling resources again. On the other hand, the loading and unloading processes of the existing resistance furnaces are complex and time-consuming, resulting in complex operation of the resistance furnace production operation, inability to achieve continuous production, and problems of low production efficiency and high cost. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of poor purification function, high energy consumption, and low production efficiency existing in the above-mentioned resistance furnace, and provide a vertical vacuum resistance furnace capable of graphitizing and purifying and harmlessly treating carbon materials.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to set the furnace body in a vertical structure, install graphite electrodes at the top and bottom of the furnace respectively, feed materials through the electrode hole at the top of the furnace, install a plug plate for discharging materials at the bottom discharge port, load materials into the furnace body to the top of the furnace during loading, heat and calcine the carbon materials through the graphite electrodes at the top and bottom of the furnace, set a slurry discharge channel at the bottom of the furnace, and discharge the harmful substances melted into a liquid state to the outside of the furnace through the channel during the calcination process to achieve the purpose of purifying and graphitizing the carbon materials. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the furnace body during the calcination process, improve the purification efficiency and production efficiency, on the one hand, the furnace body of the present invention adopts a closed furnace body structure, and a vacuum pumping device is set along one side of the furnace body. During the calcination process, the boiling point of the harmful salts in the furnace body is reduced by pumping vacuum to accelerate the discharge of harmful positions and impurities. On the other hand, a cooling bin is set at the discharge port below the furnace body, and after rapid discharging through the plug plate structure at the discharge port at the bottom of the furnace, it is directly cooled in the cooling bin. After the discharging is completed, feeding operation can be carried out again, separating the cooling process from the calcination operation and improving the processing efficiency. The specific technical solution is as follows.

[0005] The vertical vacuum resistance furnace of the present invention includes a furnace body, a furnace top, a furnace bottom, a cooling bin, a screw discharger, a dust collector, a vacuum pumping unit, and a lava tank; the furnace body is in a vertical cylindrical structure, with a furnace top provided at the top and a furnace bottom provided at the bottom; a closed air extraction cavity is arranged vertically along the outer wall of the furnace body, and air permeation holes are evenly arranged on the furnace body within the position of the air extraction cavity from top to bottom; the air extraction cavity is configured to install a vacuum pumping unit, and the vacuum pumping unit is connected to the air extraction cavity through an air extraction pipe, and a dust collector is configured to install on the air extraction pipe; a cylindrical electrode and a furnace cover are fixedly provided on the furnace top, the cylindrical electrode is fixedly installed on the furnace body, a feeding hole is opened in the middle of the cylindrical electrode, the furnace cover is hermetically installed on the top of the furnace body, and a charging port is provided on the furnace cover, and the charging port is cooperatively installed with the feeding hole; a discharge port and a plate-shaped electrode are fixedly provided on the furnace bottom, a plug plate is movably installed on the discharge port, a slurry discharge channel is provided on the plate-shaped electrode, and a slurry inlet and a slurry discharge port are respectively opened at both ends of the slurry discharge channel along the plate-shaped electrode, the slurry inlet is connected to the furnace body, and the slurry discharge port is arranged outside the furnace body along the plate-shaped electrode; the cooling bin is fixedly provided below the furnace bottom, the upper end is connected to the discharge port, and the lower end is configured to install a screw discharger; the lava tank is arranged outside the furnace body and is configured to install and connect with the slurry discharge port.

[0006] High-temperature resistant wall panels are evenly and fixedly arranged along the inner wall of the furnace body, and insulating isolation strips are fixedly arranged between adjacent high-temperature resistant wall panels.

[0007] The furnace body is constructed by laying fire bricks, and the high-temperature resistant wall panels thereon are evenly arranged along the circumference of the furnace body by carbon plates, and insulating isolation strips are arranged circumferentially between adjacent high-temperature resistant wall panels.

[0008] The insulating isolation strip is made of high-temperature resistant fireproof insulating material.

[0009] The furnace body at the position of the air permeation hole forms a pore structure by using air permeable bricks.

[0010] An electrode protection housing for protecting the plate-shaped electrode is arranged outside the furnace bottom.

[0011] The side wall of the cooling bin is provided with a cooling jacket, and the lower end is in a funnel-shaped structure.

[0012] A sealing valve is provided at the charging port on the furnace cover.

[0013] The lower end of the cylindrical electrode is arranged in a conical structure.

[0014] The cylindrical electrode and the plate-shaped electrode are configured with power supply equipment.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: It can not only be used for the high-temperature production of graphite materials, but also for the harmless treatment and purification of graphite materials, such as waste cathode carbon blocks and waste anode carbon blocks in electrolytic aluminum. The purification efficiency is high, the operation is convenient, and the production cost of the graphitization purification process of carbon materials is greatly reduced; through the structural setting of automatic unloading and the setting of a cooling bin, the furnace body can carry out continuous calcination operations, realizing semi-automatic continuous operations in graphitization production; during the calcination process of the furnace body, through the vacuum extraction operations at the furnace bottom and side walls, harmful substances and salt impurities in the graphite can be effectively discharged outside the furnace body in a timely manner and collected to avoid environmental pollution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Attached Figure 1 is a sectional view and overall structure schematic diagram of the furnace body of the present invention;

[0017] Attached Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal cross-section of the furnace body of the present invention;

[0018] Attached Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the furnace bottom structure of the present invention;

[0019] In the drawings: furnace body 1, high-temperature resistant wall panel 11, insulation isolation strip 12, air vent 13, air extraction chamber 14, support 15, furnace top 2, cylindrical electrode 21, feed hole 211, furnace cover 22, loading port 221, furnace bottom 3, discharge port 31, plate-shaped electrode 32, slurry discharge channel 321, slurry inlet 322, slurry discharge port 323, plug board 33, electrode protection housing 34, cooling bin 4, cooling jacket 41, screw conveyor 5, dust collector 6, vacuum extraction unit 7, extraction pipe 71, lava tank 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in combination with embodiments.

[0021] Embodiment 1

[0022] As shown in the attached Figures 1-3 figure, the specific structural principle of the vertical vacuum resistance furnace of the present invention:

[0023] The vertical vacuum resistance furnace of the present invention includes a furnace body 1, a furnace top 2, a furnace bottom 3, a cooling bin 4, a screw conveyor 5, a dust collector 6, a vacuum extraction unit 7, and a lava tank 8. The furnace body 1 has a vertical cylindrical structure, with a furnace top 2 provided at the top and a furnace bottom 3 provided at the bottom. Among them, the furnace top 2 and the furnace bottom 3 are functional components respectively installed on the furnace body 1, and the cooling bin 4, the screw conveyor 5, the dust collector 6, the vacuum extraction unit 7, and the lava tank 8 are all commonly used supporting equipment in industrial equipment.

[0024] The furnace body 1 is evenly and fixedly provided with high-temperature resistant wall panels 11 along the inner wall, and insulating isolation strips 12 are fixedly arranged between adjacent high-temperature resistant wall panels 11; the furnace body 1 is constructed by laying fire bricks, and the high-temperature resistant wall panels 11 thereon are evenly arranged along the circumference of the furnace body 1 by carbon plates, and insulating isolation strips 12 are arranged circumferentially between adjacent high-temperature resistant wall panels 11; the insulating isolation strips 12 are made of high-temperature resistant fireproof insulating materials. Conventional calcining furnace bodies are all made by laying fire bricks. However, in the process of calcining graphite materials, in order to achieve the purpose of melting and vaporizing the impurity salts in the graphite, the calcining temperature has to reach about 1700 °C, which exceeds the tolerance of the fire bricks, and the furnace body will be burned out. The purpose of the high-temperature resistant wall panels 11 is to improve the high-temperature resistant strength of the furnace body 1. The carbon plates can meet the usage requirements, but the carbon materials have the problem of conductivity, which will increase the resistance during the calcining process. Therefore, the high-temperature resistant carbon wall panels 11 cannot be conducted between the upper and lower electrodes. The setting of the insulating isolation strips 12 cuts off the conduction of the high-temperature resistant wall panels 11 between the upper and lower electrodes in the vertical direction, thus avoiding this problem.

[0025] A cylindrical electrode 21 and a furnace cover 22 are fixedly arranged on the furnace top 2. The cylindrical electrode 21 is fixedly installed on the furnace body 1. A feeding hole 211 is formed in the middle of the cylindrical electrode 21. The furnace cover 22 is hermetically installed on the top of the furnace body 1. A charging port 221 is arranged on the furnace cover 22, and the charging port 221 is cooperatively installed with the feeding hole 211; a sealing valve is arranged at the charging port 221 on the furnace cover 22; the lower end of the cylindrical electrode 21 is arranged in a conical structure; the furnace body 1 is arranged in a funnel-shaped necking at the furnace bottom 3. A discharge port 31 and a plate-shaped electrode 32 are fixedly arranged on the furnace bottom 3. A plug plate 33 is movably installed at the discharge port 31. A slurry discharge channel 321 is arranged on the plate-shaped electrode 32. An inlet slurry port 322 and a discharge slurry port 323 are respectively formed at both ends of the slurry discharge channel 321 on the plate-shaped electrode 32. The inlet slurry port 322 is communicated with the furnace body 1, and the discharge slurry port 323 is arranged outside the furnace body 1 along the plate-shaped electrode 32; a lava tank 8 is arranged outside the furnace body 1 and is configured to be installed and connected with the discharge slurry port 323; the cylindrical electrode 21 and the plate-shaped electrode 32 are configured with power supply equipment. The furnace cover 22 on the furnace top 2 is used to seal the furnace body 1, and a valve body is arranged at the charging port 221 to facilitate the sealing of the furnace body 1 during the vacuum pumping operation. The material loaded through the charging port 221 enters the furnace body 1 from the feeding hole 211 formed in the middle of the cylindrical electrode 21 until the material in the furnace body 1 accumulates to the furnace top 2 and buries the lower end of the cylindrical electrode 21 in the graphite. The advantage of this feeding method is that based on the principle that large particles are more likely to scatter around after landing during the falling process of graphite particles, a cloth effect is formed in the furnace body 1 where small particle graphite materials are in the middle and large particle graphite materials are around. During the calcination process, the resistance of the graphite material can be effectively reduced, and the calcination energy consumption can be reduced. During the calcination process, the melting point of graphite is above 3000 °C, while the boiling points of impurities and salts in graphite are generally below 2000 °C. After the graphite material is heated to more than one thousand degrees Celsius by resistance heating, the impurities and salts in the graphite will melt and vaporize. The molten slurry flows from the graphite to the furnace bottom 3 and is discharged from the furnace body 1 through the inlet slurry port 322 on the plate-shaped electrode 32 from the slurry discharge channel 321, and finally is collected in the lava tank 8 from the discharge slurry port 323. After the calcination is completed, the plug plate 33 at the discharge port 31 of the furnace bottom 1 is pulled outwards, and the material in the furnace body 1 can flow from the discharge port 31 into the lower cooling bin 4.

[0026] The furnace body 1 is provided with a closed exhaust cavity 14 along the vertical direction of the outer wall, and air holes 13 are evenly provided on the furnace body 1 from top to bottom along the position of the exhaust cavity 14; the exhaust cavity 14 is equipped with a vacuum pumping unit 7, and the vacuum pumping unit 7 is connected to the exhaust cavity 14 through an exhaust pipe 71, and a dust collector 6 is installed on the exhaust pipe 71; the furnace body 1 at the position of the air hole 13 adopts air-permeable bricks to form an air hole structure. The function and role realized by this structure is that after the furnace body 1 is heated and calcined to a certain temperature, the operation is started in the final stage, and the vacuum pumping unit 7 is used to evacuate the furnace body 1 to reduce the pressure in the furnace body 1. The boiling point of salt and volatile impurities in graphite can be reduced by reducing the pressure, and the vaporization of salt and volatile impurities in graphite is accelerated. At the same time, the exhaust pipe 71 is used to extract and finally collect them through the dust collector 6.

[0027] The cooling silo 4 is fixedly arranged below the furnace bottom 3, the upper end is connected to the discharge port 31, and the lower end is provided with a spiral discharger 5; the side wall of the cooling silo 4 is provided with a cooling jacket 41, and the lower end is a funnel-shaped structure. When the graphite in the furnace body 1 is calcined, the graphite can be immediately discharged into the cooling silo 4, and then the furnace body 1 can be continuously charged and calcined. During the calcination operation of the furnace body 1, the graphite discharged into the cooling silo 4 can be cooled and sent out by the spiral discharger 5. The cooling process does not occupy the operation time of the furnace body 1, and the entire discharge process can realize equipment-based mechanical discharge, thereby improving the production efficiency of the equipment.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] The specific application process steps of the vertical vacuum resistance furnace of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] 1) Charging: Block the discharge port 31 of the furnace bottom 3 with the plug plate 33, and charge the furnace body 1 from the charging port 221 of the furnace cover 22 until the graphite material in the furnace body 1 accumulates to the furnace top 2 and fills the feeding hole 211 of the cylindrical electrode 21, and then close the charging port 221.

[0031] 2) Resistance heating calcination: Control the power supply equipment to perform resistance heating calcination on the graphite material in the furnace body 1 through the cylindrical electrode 21 and the plate electrode 32, so that the temperature of the graphite material reaches the specified graphitization temperature, and continue for a certain time according to the heating process requirements. This process graphitizes the graphite material, and at the same time, utilizes the slurry discharge channel 321 at the furnace bottom 3 to remove impurities and purify, and discharges the salt slurry in the graphite material into the lava box 8 outside the furnace body 1.

[0032] 3) Vacuuming: When the graphite material in the furnace body 1 is calcined to a certain temperature and for a sufficient time, the vacuuming unit 7 is started to perform vacuum operation on the vacuum chamber 14 of the furnace body 1 through the vacuum pipe 71, and the air holes 13 between the air-permeable bricks on the side wall of the furnace body 1 are used to evacuate and reduce the pressure in the furnace body 1. The boiling point of salt and other volatile impurities in the graphite material is reduced by reducing the pressure, and the vaporization is accelerated, and at the same time, they are extracted through the vacuum pipe 71.

[0033] 4) Discharging and cooling: After the calcination of the graphite material in the furnace body 1 is completed, the power supply to the electrode is stopped, the plug plate 33 is pulled outwards, the discharge port 31 on the furnace bottom 3 is opened, so that the graphite material in the furnace body 1 falls into the cooling bin 4 below the discharge port 31. The cooling bin 4 maintains a low temperature through the cooling jacket 41 to rapidly cool the graphite. After cooling to a certain temperature, it can be discharged through the screw discharger 5.

[0034] 5) Continuous feeding: After all the calcined graphite material in the furnace body 1 is discharged into the cooling bin 4 in the previous step, the plug plate 33 can be inserted to block the discharge port 31, and the feeding operation in step 1 is carried out again to achieve continuous production.

Claims

1. A vertical vacuum resistance furnace, characterized in that: It includes a furnace body (1), a furnace top (2), a furnace bottom (3), a cooling silo (4), a screw discharger (5), a dust collector (6), a vacuum pumping unit (7) and a lava tank (8); the furnace body (1) is in a vertical cylindrical structure, with a furnace top (2) provided at the top and a furnace bottom (3) provided at the bottom; the furnace body (1) is provided with a closed air extraction cavity (14) vertically along the outer wall, and air permeation holes (13) are evenly arranged on the furnace body (1) within the position of the air extraction cavity (14) from top to bottom; the air extraction cavity (14) is configured to install a vacuum pumping unit (7), the vacuum pumping unit (7) is connected to the air extraction cavity (14) through an air extraction pipe (71), and a dust collector (6) is configured to install on the air extraction pipe (71); a cylindrical electrode (21) and a furnace cover (22) are fixedly provided on the furnace top (2), the cylindrical electrode (21) is fixedly installed on the furnace body (1), a feeding hole (211) is opened in the middle of the cylindrical electrode (21), the furnace cover (22) is hermetically installed on the top of the furnace body (1), a charging port (221) is provided on the furnace cover (22), and the charging port (221) is cooperatively installed with the feeding hole (211); a discharge port (31) and a plate-shaped electrode (32) are fixedly provided on the furnace bottom (3), a plug plate (33) is movably installed on the discharge port (31), a slurry discharge channel (321) is provided on the plate-shaped electrode (32), a slurry inlet (322) and a slurry discharge port (323) are respectively opened at both ends of the slurry discharge channel (321) on the plate-shaped electrode (32), the slurry inlet (322) is connected to the furnace body (1), and the slurry discharge port (323) is arranged outside the furnace body (1) along the plate-shaped electrode (32); the cooling silo (4) is fixedly provided below the furnace bottom (3), the upper end is connected to the discharge port (31), and a screw discharger (5) is configured to install at the lower end; the lava tank (8) is arranged outside the furnace body (1) and is configured to install and connect with the slurry discharge port (323).

2. The vertical vacuum resistance furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace body (1) is evenly and fixedly provided with high-temperature resistant wall panels (11) along the inner wall, and insulating isolation strips (12) are fixedly provided between adjacent high-temperature resistant wall panels (11).

3. The vertical vacuum resistance furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The furnace body (1) is constructed by laying fire bricks, and the high-temperature resistant wall panels (11) thereon are formed by evenly arranging carbon plates along the circumference of the furnace body (1), and insulating isolation strips (12) are arranged circumferentially between adjacent high-temperature resistant wall panels (11).

4. The vertical vacuum resistance furnace according to claim 2, wherein: The insulating isolation strip (12) is made of high-temperature resistant fireproof insulating material.

5. The vertical vacuum resistance furnace according to claim 1, wherein: The furnace body (1) at the position of the air permeation hole (13) forms a pore structure by using air permeable bricks.

6. The vertical vacuum resistance furnace according to claim 1, wherein: An electrode protection housing (34) for protecting the plate-shaped electrode (32) is provided outside the furnace bottom (3).

7. The vertical vacuum resistance furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the cooling silo (4) is provided with a cooling jacket (41), and the lower end is in a funnel-shaped structure.

8. The vertical vacuum resistance furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing valve is provided at the charging port (221) on the furnace cover (22).

9. The vertical vacuum resistance furnace according to claim 1, wherein: The lower end of the cylindrical electrode (21) is arranged in a conical structure.

10. The vertical vacuum resistance furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylindrical electrode (21) and the plate-shaped electrode (32) are configured with power supply equipment.

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