An arc extinguishing lightning protection device based on liquid-electric effect

Abstract

The present invention discloses an arc extinguishing lightning protection device based on liquid-electric effect, which belongs to the field of arc extinguishing lightning protection technology. The arc extinguishing lightning protection device is configured as a sealed tube, with upper and lower electrodes respectively provided at both ends of the sealed tube for sealing. Insulating oil is provided in the sealed tube, and a skirt is provided on the side of the sealed tube. The present invention cuts off the arc quickly. The arc discharges in the liquid to generate a liquid-electric effect, quickly forming an impact pressure wave, and the impact arc is immediately cut off when it is just formed. The reignition of the impact arc is delayed. The high voltage in the ceramic tube destroys the continuous discharge condition and the reignition condition. After the impact arc is cut off, the reignition breakdown time is greatly delayed by more than ten to several tens of microseconds, the steepness of the lightning current is significantly reduced by 90%, and the current amplitude is attenuated by more than 50%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of arc extinguishing and lightning protection, and in particular to an arc extinguishing and lightning protection device based on a liquid-electric effect. Background Art

[0002] Lightning strikes can cause various forms of damage and destruction to power facilities. Thundercloud discharges can cause lightning overvoltages in power systems. These overvoltages can damage insulators and transmission lines. Lightning strikes on transmission lines can cause impulse flashovers, which in turn generate high power-frequency continuous currents, damaging insulator strings and fittings, leading to line accidents. Lightning strikes on transmission lines or lightning conductors can cause strand breakage or even rupture, disrupting power transmission operations.

[0003] Existing lightning protection arc extinguishing devices can make the volt-second characteristic of the active arc extinguishing parallel gap flatter. However, these devices can only reduce the steepness of the lightning current wave front and cannot further attenuate the lightning current amplitude. Therefore, the design of an arc extinguishing lightning protection device is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a lightning protection device based on the liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing, which solves the technical problem of the limited ability of existing lightning protection arc extinguishing devices to attenuate current amplitude. The invention improves the attenuation strength of a single lightning protection arc extinguishing device against large currents during the arc extinguishing process. The invention also enhances the arc extinguishing pressure of the lightning protection arc extinguishing device during the arc extinguishing process, which can not only attenuate the amplitude of the lightning current, but also prolong the discharge time of the arc, thereby preventing damage to the transmission line caused by excessive instantaneous lightning current amplitude.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] The invention discloses an arc extinguishing lightning protection device based on the liquid-electric effect. The arc extinguishing lightning protection device is provided as a sealed tube. An upper electrode and a lower electrode are respectively provided at both ends of the sealed tube. Insulating oil is provided in the sealed tube. A skirt is provided on the side of the sealed tube.

[0007] Furthermore, the sealing tube further comprises a ceramic tube and a protective shell, the protective shell is arranged on the outside of the ceramic tube, and the skirt is arranged on the outside of the protective shell.

[0008] Furthermore, the upper electrode includes an upper graphite electrode, an intermediate metal electrode and a lower graphite electrode, the intermediate metal electrode is fixed at one end of the ceramic tube and the protective shell, the upper graphite electrode is arranged on the upper layer of the intermediate metal electrode, the lower graphite electrode is arranged at the bottom of the intermediate metal electrode and is arranged in the ceramic tube, and the lower electrode includes an upper graphite electrode and a bottom metal electrode, the bottom metal electrode is fixed at the other end of the ceramic tube and the protective shell, the upper graphite electrode is arranged in the ceramic tube and is connected to the bottom metal electrode.

[0009] Furthermore, there are more than two arc extinguishing and lightning protection devices, and several arc extinguishing and lightning protection devices are fixedly connected end to end, and the lower end of the lowest arc extinguishing and lightning protection device is grounded.

[0010] Furthermore, a recoil arc extinguishing structure is provided at the top or bottom end of the arc extinguishing lightning protection device, and the recoil arc extinguishing structure includes a lightning contact electrode, a recoil tube body, a skirt and a bottom lightning contact electrode. The lightning contact electrode is provided at the top end of the recoil tube body, the skirt is provided on the side of the recoil tube body, the interior of the recoil tube body is provided as a recoil hole, and the lower end of the recoil hole is provided with a bottom lightning contact electrode, and the lightning contact electrode and the bottom lightning contact electrode are both graphite electrodes.

[0011] Furthermore, when the recoil arc extinguishing structure is arranged at the top, insulating liquid is arranged in the recoil arc extinguishing structure, and the bottom lightning contact electrode seal is arranged at the bottom of the recoil hole.

[0012] Furthermore, the specific process of arc extinguishing of the arc extinguishing lightning protection device is as follows:

[0013] Step 1: When an arc discharge is initiated in a sealed tube filled with insulating oil, the hydroelectric effect generates a shock wave that rushes toward the side wall;

[0014] Step 2: The Pascal effect enhances the hydroelectric effect. When the arc acts on the insulating oil, a certain part of the static insulating oil undergoes a pressure change, which is then transferred to all directions inside the sealed tube without changing the pressure.

[0015] Step 3: The shock waves of the hydro-electric effect and the Pascal effect impact the side and then return to impact, concentrating on the arc channel in the center to extinguish the arc and complete the arc extinguishing.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific process in step 1 is to induce arc discharge in a ceramic tube filled with insulating oil. Part of the insulating oil in the discharge channel is instantly vaporized, decomposed, and ionized into high-temperature plasma and suddenly expands, forming a mechanical pressure wave that propagates rapidly outward. However, since the liquid can be regarded as a shock wave transmission medium that will not be compressed itself, when liquid phase discharge is carried out in the discharge channel, the mechanical effect of power is exhibited to the outside world, and a force that impacts the ceramic tube wall is formed in the ceramic tube. Due to the mutuality of force, the ceramic tube wall generates a shock wave in the insulating oil medium.

[0017] Furthermore, the specific process in step 2 is that when the impact arc acts on the metal electrode, it applies pressure to the insulating oil in the ceramic tube. According to Pascal's principle, a certain part of the static fluid in the closed container undergoes a pressure change, which is transmitted in all directions without changing in magnitude. Then, starting from the discharge channel in the ceramic tube, it impacts the surrounding insulating oil medium with a greater force, and this force rebounds after hitting the ceramic tube wall.

[0018] Furthermore, the specific process of step 3 is that due to the reaction of the inner wall of the ceramic tube, the impulse or impact pressure acts on the discharge channel, and the direction points to the force at the center of the ceramic tube, thereby enhancing the impact pressure generated in the liquid-electric effect and achieving the purpose of cutting off the arc. The longer the arc formed in the ceramic tube, the greater the force on the ceramic tube wall, and conversely, the greater the impact force to cut off the arc.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects due to the adoption of the above technical solution:

[0020] (1) The present invention cuts off the arc quickly. The arc discharges in the liquid to generate a hydroelectric effect, which quickly forms an impact pressure wave. The impact arc is cut off immediately when it is just formed.

[0021] (2) The reignition of the impulse arc is delayed. The high voltage in the ceramic tube destroys the continuous discharge conditions and the reignition conditions. After the impulse arc is cut off, the reignition breakdown time is greatly delayed by more than ten to several tens of microseconds. The steepness of the lightning current is significantly reduced by 90%, and the current amplitude is attenuated by more than 50%;

[0022] (3) Effectively protect against direct lightning overvoltage. When the lightning discharge leader hits the conductor, tower or other buildings of the transmission line, the arc extinguishing method based on the Pascal principle can reduce the overvoltage amplitude and prolong the discharge time. This avoids damage to equipment and devices caused by direct lightning overvoltage;

[0023] (4) Avoid electromagnetic induction overvoltage that damages equipment. During lightning discharge, a transient strong electromagnetic field is generated in the space around the discharge channel, generating a higher electromagnetic induction electromotive force that interferes with signal lines and even damages equipment. The arc extinguishing method based on the Pascal principle cuts off the arc through the recoil force, which not only delays the arc discharge time but also reduces the steepness of the lightning wave. This prevents the induced electromagnetic overvoltage from causing damage to power electronic components, communication signals, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the first arc extinguishing lightning protection device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a second arc extinguishing lightning protection device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the third arc extinguishing lightning protection device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the high-pressure sealing structure of the device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the external reinforcement structure of the device of the present invention.

[0029] In the accompanying drawings, 1-upper electrode, 2-insulating oil, 3-ceramic tube, 4-skirt, 5-protective shell, 6-lower electrode, 7-lightning electrode, 8-recoil tube body, 9-recoil tube skirt, 10-bottom lightning electrode, 11-recoil hole, 12-insulating liquid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and by way of preferred embodiments. However, it should be noted that many of the details listed in this specification are merely provided to help the reader gain a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, and these aspects of the present invention can be practiced even without these specific details.

[0031] Example 1:

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, an arc extinguishing lightning protection device based on the liquid-electric effect is provided as a sealed tube. An upper electrode 1 and a lower electrode 6 are provided at both ends of the sealed tube for sealing. Insulating oil 2 is provided in the sealed tube, and a skirt 4 is provided on the side of the sealed tube. The sealed tube also includes a ceramic tube 3 and a protective shell 5. The protective shell 5 is provided on the outside of the ceramic tube 3, and the skirt 4 is provided on the outside of the protective shell 5. The upper electrode 1 includes an upper graphite electrode, an intermediate metal electrode, and a lower graphite electrode. The intermediate metal electrode is fixed to one end of the ceramic tube 3 and the protective shell 5. The upper graphite electrode is provided on the upper layer of the intermediate metal electrode. The lower graphite electrode is provided at the bottom of the intermediate metal electrode and is provided in the ceramic tube 3. The lower electrode 6 includes an upper end graphite electrode and a bottom metal electrode. The bottom metal electrode is fixed to the other end of the ceramic tube 3 and the protective shell 5. The upper end graphite electrode is provided in the ceramic tube 3 and is connected to the bottom metal electrode.

[0033] By setting up graphite electrodes at the lightning connection point, the service life can be effectively improved.

[0034] Graphite electrodes offer excellent electrical conductivity, making it easy to direct the arc into the recoil tube. Graphite is a non-metallic material with a conductivity 100 times higher than that of typical non-metallic minerals. Each carbon atom in graphite is connected to three other carbon atoms, arranged in a honeycomb-like hexagonal pattern. Because each carbon atom releases an electron, those electrons are free to move, making graphite a conductor. Generally speaking, the EDM speed of graphite electrodes is 1.5 to 2 times faster than that of copper electrodes. When lightning strikes a transmission line, the graphite electrode acts as an arc starter, allowing the arc to enter the arc extinguishing tube smoothly.

[0035] Graphite electrodes have an extremely high melting point, can withstand higher currents, and are not easily deformed. Graphite electrodes are uniquely suited to withstand high currents. Copper has a softening point of around 1000°C, making it susceptible to deformation due to heat. Graphite, on the other hand, sublimates at around 3650°C. Lightning strikes with currents between 5000 and 50,000 amperes can generate temperatures exceeding 3000°C. Therefore, metal electrodes are susceptible to deformation under high lightning currents, generating metal powder and spatter, which can damage the arc extinguishing chamber structure and compromise the recoil arc extinguishing effect. Using graphite electrodes can effectively address these issues.

[0036] Graphite electrodes have low loss: Graphite electrodes have the characteristic of being able to withstand high current conditions. Under the action of lightning arc, a polarity effect is produced, and some eroded materials and carbon particles will adhere to the electrode surface to form a protective layer, ensuring that the graphite electrode has extremely low loss during the recoil arc extinguishing process, or even "zero loss".

[0037] The ceramic tube filled with insulating oil is made of high-hardness, high-temperature and high-pressure resistant inorganic non-metallic material and is cylindrical in shape; the ceramic tube is tightly connected to the outer shell, which is made of insulating material to fix the ceramic tube; the semi-enclosed space inside the ceramic tube is filled with insulating oil and is the area of ​​elastic collision of the arc; the upper and lower ends of the cylindrical ceramic tube are sealed with conductive electrodes.

[0038] The specific process of arc extinguishing in arc extinguishing lightning protection device is as follows:

[0039] Step 1: When an arc discharge is initiated within a sealed tube filled with insulating oil, the hydroelectric effect generates a shock wave that rushes toward the sidewalls. When an arc discharge is initiated within a ceramic tube filled with insulating oil, some of the insulating oil in the discharge channel is instantly vaporized, decomposed, and ionized into a high-temperature plasma, which suddenly expands, forming a rapidly outward-propagating mechanical pressure wave. However, because liquid can be considered an incompressible shock wave transmission medium, liquid-phase discharge in the discharge channel exhibits an ultra-high-power mechanical effect to the outside world. A force is generated within the ceramic tube that impacts the tube wall. Due to the mutual interaction of forces, the ceramic tube wall generates a powerful shock wave within the insulating oil medium, which acts on the discharge channel in the form of impulse or impact pressure, impacting the arc and interrupting it.

[0040] Step 2: The Pascal effect enhances the hydroelectric effect. When the arc acts on the insulating oil 2, a pressure change in a certain portion of the stationary insulating oil 2 is transmitted in all directions inside the sealed tube, maintaining the same magnitude. Pascal's principle states that "when an external force generates a pressure increase at any point in an incompressible stationary fluid, this pressure increase is transmitted instantaneously to all points in the stationary fluid." This means that pressure equals the applied pressure divided by the area affected by the force.

[0041] When the impact arc strikes the metal electrode, it exerts a certain pressure on the insulating oil within the ceramic tube. According to Pascal's principle, a pressure change in a portion of a stationary fluid in a closed container propagates in all directions without changing magnitude. Starting from the discharge channel within the ceramic tube, the surrounding insulating oil medium is impacted with a greater force. This force rebounds upon hitting the ceramic tube wall, generating a force directed toward the center of the tube, further enhancing the impact pressure generated by the hydro-electrochemical effect and ultimately interrupting the arc. Furthermore, the longer the arc formed within the ceramic tube, the greater the force exerted on the tube wall, and in turn, the greater the impact force required to interrupt the arc.

[0042] Step 3: The shock waves from the hydro-electric effect and Pascal effect strike the sides and then return, concentrating on the arc channel at the center to extinguish the arc. Due to the reaction of the inner wall of the ceramic tube, the impulse or impact pressure acts on the discharge channel, with the force directed toward the center of the ceramic tube, enhancing the impact pressure generated by the hydro-electric effect, thereby achieving the purpose of interrupting the arc. The longer the arc formed in the ceramic tube, the greater the force on the ceramic tube wall, and in turn, the greater the impact force to interrupt the arc.

[0043] Step 3 also includes insulating oil as an arc extinguishing medium and insulating medium to prevent the arc from expanding to the surrounding areas. The energy and temperature generated by the arc cause a portion of the insulating oil to quickly decompose into hydrogen, acetylene, methane, ethane, and carbon dioxide gases. The main component of the oil and gas is hydrogen, which surrounds the arc in the form of bubbles in the oil. Hydrogen has a good thermal conductivity, which makes the heat transfer of the arc fast. Due to the temperature difference, the bubbles move, further accelerating the cooling and extinction of the arc.

[0044] When lightning strikes a ceramic tube filled with insulating oil, it generates a hydroelectric effect, creating a powerful shock wave that acts as an impulse or pressure on the discharge channel, interrupting the arc. Simultaneously, when lightning strikes a metal electrode, it applies a certain pressure to the insulating oil within the tube. According to Pascal's principle, a pressure change in a portion of a stationary fluid in a closed container propagates in all directions without changing magnitude, generating a greater force on the tube's inner wall. This force, upon impacting the outer shell, rebounds, forming a force directed toward the center of the tube, interrupting the arc, reducing the current amplitude, lowering the steepness of the lightning wave, and prolonging the arc's discharge duration.

[0045] Example 2:

[0046] like Figure 2As shown, this embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that it comprises two or more arc extinguishing and lightning protection devices, which are fixedly connected end to end, and the lower end of the lowest arc extinguishing and lightning protection device is grounded. The arc extinguishing and lightning protection devices in the first embodiment are fixedly stacked together and stacked on the same straight line to achieve multiple stages of arc extinguishing, so that each household has a better effect.

[0047] Example 3:

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment differs from Example 1 in that a recoil arc extinguishing structure is provided at the top or bottom of the arc extinguishing lightning protection device. The recoil arc extinguishing structure includes a lightning contact electrode 7, a recoil tube body 8, a recoil tube skirt 9, and a bottom lightning contact electrode 10. The lightning contact electrode 7 is provided at the top of the recoil tube body 8, the recoil tube skirt 9 is provided on the side of the recoil tube body 8, and a recoil hole 11 is provided inside the recoil tube body 8. The bottom lightning contact electrode 10 is provided at the lower end of the recoil hole 11. Both the lightning contact electrode 7 and the bottom lightning contact electrode 10 are graphite electrodes. When the recoil arc extinguishing structure is provided at the top, an insulating liquid 12 is provided within the recoil arc extinguishing structure, and the bottom lightning contact electrode 10 is sealed at the bottom of the recoil hole 11.

[0049] By setting up a recoil arc extinguishing structure to perform the first stage of recoil arc extinguishing on the arc, the arc entering the arc extinguishing and lightning protection device is reduced in size, and the arc can be extinguished better. At the same time, the device can strike the arc from above or below to achieve arc striking at both ends.

[0050] The device is equipped with a high-pressure sealing structure and an external reinforcement structure, such as Figure 4-5 shown.

[0051] The high-pressure sealing structure includes a plastic sleeve 21, a stainless steel washer 22, an O-ring 23, a steel sleeve 24, a sealing silicone rubber 25 and an extrusion fixing block 26. The electrode is nested in the sealing silicone rubber 25. The sealing silicone rubber 25 is sealed at both ends of the ceramic tube. The steel sleeve 24 is fastened to the outside of the connection between the sealing silicone rubber 25 and the ceramic tube. The plastic sleeve 21 is sleeved on the outside of the steel sleeve 24 and the ceramic tube. The stainless steel washer 22 is padded at the front end of the electrode, and the O-ring 23 is set between the contact point between the sealing silicone rubber 25 and the ceramic tube. The extrusion fixing block 26 is set on the outside of the sealing silicone rubber 25. The extrusion fixing block 26 is provided with a bolt hole 27, and the bolt hole 27 is provided in contact with the stainless steel washer 22. The sealing silicone rubber 25 is set as a "T"-shaped structure silicone rubber, and the bottom of the "T"-shaped structure silicone rubber is set as a spherical concave structure.

[0052] The outer shell is made of plastic insulating material to secure the ceramic tube. Steel sleeves are installed at both ends of the ceramic tube to secure the ends and prevent mechanical deformation caused by the high pressure. Semi-arc-shaped silicone wraps the upper and lower electrodes. When the upper and lower electrodes extinguish the arc, the narrow space and small area create pressure dispersion. Wrapping the electrodes in semi-arc-shaped silicone focuses the pressure wave, increasing the pressure in the arc extinguishing channel several times, effectively interrupting the arc. The screws generate thrust on the stainless steel washer and silicone assembly, tightly fitting them with the O-ring and ceramic tube to achieve a high-pressure seal. This effectively prevents the leakage of high-intensity pressure and ensures that the generated high-intensity pressure acts as a maximum on the arc.

[0053] When the device is struck by lightning, a hydroelectric effect is generated, creating a powerful shock pressure wave that acts as an impulse or shock pressure on the discharge channel, interrupting the arc. Simultaneously, a certain pressure is applied to the arc-extinguishing liquid within the ceramic tube. According to Pascal's principle, pressure changes in a portion of a stationary fluid in a closed container are transmitted in all directions without changing magnitude, generating a greater force on the inner wall of the ceramic tube. This force rebounds upon impacting the outer shell, forming a force directed toward the center of the ceramic tube, interrupting the arc, reducing the current amplitude, lowering the steepness of the lightning wave, and prolonging the arc discharge time. This achieves effective arc extinguishing, a simple structure, and excellent sealing performance.

[0054] The external reinforcement structure includes a top cover plate 31, an insulating screw 33, a bottom cover plate 34, and an insulating covering layer 35. The top cover plate 31 is set at the top of the high-voltage sealing device, and the bottom cover plate 34 is set at the bottom of the high-voltage sealing device. The insulating screw 33 passes through the top cover plate 31 and the bottom cover plate 34 and is fixed. The insulating covering layer 35 is set on the outside of the high-voltage sealing device. The top cover plate 31 and the bottom cover plate 34 respectively support the extrusion fixing block 26. At the same time, the top cover plate 31 and the bottom cover plate 34 are provided with screw holes. The fixing effect is better, so that the entire arc extinguishing device can withstand greater pressure.

[0055] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An arc extinguishing lightning protection device based on liquid-electric effect, characterized by: The arc extinguishing lightning protection device is provided as a sealed tube, an upper electrode (1) and a lower electrode (6) are provided at both ends of the sealed tube for sealing, insulating oil (2) is provided in the sealed tube, and a skirt (4) is provided on the side of the sealed tube; The upper electrode (1) includes an upper graphite electrode, an intermediate metal electrode, and a lower graphite electrode. The intermediate metal electrode is fixed to one end of the ceramic tube (3) and the protective shell (5). The upper graphite electrode is arranged on the upper layer of the intermediate metal electrode. The lower graphite electrode is arranged at the bottom of the intermediate metal electrode and is arranged in the ceramic tube (3). The lower electrode (6) includes an upper graphite electrode and a bottom metal electrode. The bottom metal electrode is fixed to the other end of the ceramic tube (3) and the protective shell (5). The upper graphite electrode is arranged in the ceramic tube (3) and is connected to the bottom metal electrode. The specific process of arc extinguishing in arc extinguishing lightning protection device is as follows: Step 1: When an arc discharge is initiated in a sealed tube filled with insulating oil, the hydroelectric effect generates a shock wave that rushes toward the side wall; Step 2: The Pascal effect enhances the hydroelectric effect. When the arc acts on the insulating oil (2), when a certain part of the static insulating oil (2) undergoes a pressure change, the pressure is transferred to all directions inside the sealed tube without changing in magnitude. Step 3: The shock waves of the electrohydraulic effect and the Pascal effect impact the side and then return to the center of the arc channel to extinguish the arc. The specific process in step 1 is as follows: an arc discharge is initiated in a ceramic tube filled with insulating oil. Part of the insulating oil in the discharge channel is instantly vaporized, decomposed, and ionized into a high-temperature plasma, which suddenly expands, forming a mechanical pressure wave that propagates rapidly outward. However, since the liquid can be regarded as a shock wave transmission medium that cannot be compressed itself, when liquid-phase discharge occurs in the discharge channel, the mechanical effect of power is exhibited to the outside world, forming a force that impacts the ceramic tube wall in the ceramic tube. Due to the mutuality of forces, the ceramic tube wall generates a shock wave in the insulating oil medium. The specific process in step 2 is that when the impact arc acts on the metal electrode, it applies pressure to the insulating oil in the ceramic tube. According to Pascal's principle, a certain part of the static fluid in the closed container undergoes a pressure change, which is transmitted in all directions without changing in magnitude. Starting from the discharge channel in the ceramic tube, it impacts the surrounding insulating oil medium with a greater force. This force rebounds after hitting the ceramic tube wall. The specific process of step 3 is that due to the reaction of the inner wall of the ceramic tube, the impulse or impact pressure acts on the discharge channel, and the direction points to the force at the center of the ceramic tube, thereby enhancing the impact pressure generated in the liquid-electric effect and achieving the purpose of cutting off the arc. The longer the arc formed in the ceramic tube, the greater the force on the ceramic tube wall, and conversely, the greater the impact force to cut off the arc.

2. The arc extinguishing lightning protection device based on the liquid-electric effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sealing tube further comprises a ceramic tube (3) and a protective shell (5), wherein the protective shell (5) is arranged on the outside of the ceramic tube (3), and the skirt (4) is arranged on the outside of the protective shell (5).

3. The arc extinguishing lightning protection device based on the liquid-electric effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It consists of two or more arc extinguishing and lightning protection devices, which are fixedly connected end to end, and the lower end of the lowest arc extinguishing and lightning protection device is grounded.

4. The arc extinguishing lightning protection device based on the liquid-electric effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A recoil arc extinguishing structure is provided at the top or bottom of the arc extinguishing lightning protection device, and the recoil arc extinguishing structure comprises a lightning contact electrode (7), a recoil tube body (8), a recoil tube skirt (9) and a bottom lightning contact electrode (10). The lightning contact electrode (7) is provided at the top of the recoil tube body (8), the recoil tube skirt (9) is provided at the side of the recoil tube body (8), a recoil hole (11) is provided inside the recoil tube body (8), and a bottom lightning contact electrode (10) is provided at the lower end of the recoil hole (11). Both the lightning contact electrode (7) and the bottom lightning contact electrode (10) are graphite electrodes.

5. The arc extinguishing lightning protection device based on the liquid-electric effect according to claim 4 is characterized in that: When the recoil arc extinguishing structure is arranged at the top, insulating liquid (12) is arranged in the recoil arc extinguishing structure, and the bottom lightning contact electrode (10) is sealed and arranged at the bottom of the recoil hole (11).

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