A micro-nano structure positioning molding, packaging stretch film and production equipment and method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a micro-nano structure positioning molding, packaging stretch film and its production equipment and method. Among them, the production equipment includes: a reeling device for continuously providing a stretch film; a first satellite printing device for coating and molding at least once on one surface of the stretch film, so that the surface of the stretch film is formed into a first molded layer; a second satellite printing device for coating and molding at least once on the other surface of the stretch film, so that the other surface of the stretch film is formed into a second molded layer; a winding device for winding the stretch film after double-sided processing. The present invention adopts a double satellite printing device, which can make the stretch film fit the satellite rollers of the satellite printing device as much as possible when double-sided processing of a high-stretch film, thereby reducing the stretching of the stretch film during processing and making the positioning more accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of packaging technology, and in particular to a micro-nano structure positioning molding, packaging stretch film and a production device and method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of my country's market economy, the demand for high-end printed products is increasing, and the requirements for the color, anti-counterfeiting performance and refinement of packaging printed products are also getting higher and higher. However, for soft packaging materials, during the roll film processing, due to the strong tensile properties of soft packaging film materials, positioning processing is very difficult.

[0003] The existing soft packaging materials are generally printed using PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) films, because the ductility of PET films is relatively weak, the difficulty of positioning printing processing is slightly lower, and the printing quality is relatively stable. However, the application of PET films is limited, and they are generally used for single-sided printing, and are mainly used for printed products with small changes in substrates (such as paper).

[0004] During the period of high demand for book, magazine and newspaper printing, double-sided processing and printing were mainly carried out on paper, but the relative tensile performance of paper was limited, and double-sided processing was mainly for double-sided color graphics printing. In order to show more exquisite effects, ordinary printing accuracy can no longer meet the processing resolution of the grating layer and the graphics layer.

[0005] With the advancement of printing technology, high-stretch film materials such as BOPP (Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene) are increasingly used in soft-package printed products. It has high anti-fog properties and a higher degree of refinement than PET film. However, due to the high biaxial stretchability of BOPP film, it has certain limitations in positioning printing and positioning processing (such as film pressing).

[0006] At present, when processing both sides of the film material, it is generally unrolled, printed and reeled on one side of the film material first, and then printed on the other side of the film material in the same way. The work efficiency is low, and the multiple unrolling and reeling processing method exerts a large tensile force on the film material, which is easy to stretch, and the positioning difficulty during processing increases.

[0007] Therefore the prior art still needs to be improved and enhanced. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a micro-nano structure positioning molding, packaging stretch film and a production device and method thereof.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] A production device for micro-nano structure positioning molding and packaging stretch film, comprising:

[0011] An unwinding device for continuously providing the stretch film;

[0012] A first satellite printing device is used to perform at least one coating and molding on one surface of the stretch film to form a first molding layer on the surface of the stretch film;

[0013] A second satellite printing device is used to perform at least one coating and molding on the other surface of the stretched film to form a second molded layer on the other surface of the stretched film;

[0014] The winding device is used to wind up the stretch film after double-sided processing.

[0015] In the production equipment, the first satellite printing device includes a first satellite roller, a first coating unit and a first molding unit arranged around the first satellite roller.

[0016] In the production equipment, the first satellite printing device also includes a second coating unit and a second molding unit arranged around the first satellite roller.

[0017] In the production equipment, the second satellite printing device includes a second satellite roller, a third coating unit and a third molding unit arranged around the second satellite roller.

[0018] In the production equipment, the second satellite printing device also includes a printing unit arranged around the second satellite roller and used for printing color images on the other surface of the stretch film.

[0019] In the production equipment, the four module units each include: a molding roller, a curing lamp, and a first embossing roller and a second embossing roller for making the stretch film close to the molding roller, and the curing lamp is located between the first embossing roller and the second embossing roller.

[0020] In the production equipment, an overprint adjustment device is arranged between the first satellite printing device and the second satellite printing device.

[0021] In the production equipment, the overprint adjustment device includes a floating roller unit for longitudinal correction, a lateral correction unit for lateral correction, an electric eye and a controller for controlling the adjustment status of the floating roller unit and the lateral correction unit, and the floating roller unit, the lateral correction unit and the electric eye are connected to the controller.

[0022] A production method of the above production equipment comprises the following steps:

[0023] The stretch film is provided by the unwinding device without stopping the machine;

[0024] The first satellite printing device performs at least one coating and molding on one surface of the stretch film, so that the surface of the stretch film is formed with a first molding layer;

[0025] The second satellite printing device performs at least one coating and molding on the other surface of the stretch film, so that the other surface of the stretch film is formed with a second molding layer;

[0026] The winding device is used to wind up the stretch film after double-sided processing.

[0027] A stretch film, the micro-nano structure positioning molding and packaging stretch film is produced using the above-mentioned production equipment and the above-mentioned production method.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the micro-nano structure positioning molding, packaging stretch film and its production equipment and method provided by the present invention adopts a dual satellite printing device to process the image layer and the grating decoding layer on both sides of a film with a certain thickness. The image layer is located at the focal position of the grating layer. The grating layer focuses on the image layer through a film of a certain thickness, and uses the moiré magnification principle to present a dynamic and three-dimensional effect in the human eye. When processing the high-stretch film on both sides, the stretch film can be made to fit the satellite roller of the satellite printing device as much as possible, thereby reducing the stretching of the stretch film during the processing and making the nesting more accurate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the production equipment for the micro-nano structure positioning molding and packaging stretch film provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a first satellite printing device of the production equipment for micro-nano structure positioning molding and packaging stretch film provided by the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 A side schematic diagram of a lateral deviation correction unit of the production equipment for micro-nano structure positioning molding and packaging stretch film provided by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram comparing the states before and during deviation correction of the production equipment for micro-nano structure positioning molding and packaging stretch film provided by the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 The present invention provides a flowchart of the method for producing the micro-nano structure positioning molding and packaging stretch film.

[0034] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0035] Unwinding device 1 First tension control device 2 First satellite printing device 3

[0036] First satellite roller 31 First coating unit 32 First molding unit 33

[0037] Ink supply cylinder 321 Slit coating unit 322 Molding roller 332 Curing lamp 333

[0038] First embossing roller 331 Second embossing roller 334 Second coating unit 34

[0039] Second molding unit 35 Turning roller 36 Floating roller unit 4 Transverse deviation correction unit 5

[0040] Electric eye 6 molded cursor 101 transverse deflection frame 51 transverse deflection correction roller 52 motor 53

[0041] Second satellite printing device 7 Second satellite roller 71 Third coating unit 72

[0042] The third molding unit 73 printing unit 74 the second tension control device 8 winding device 9 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0044] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "mounted on", "fixed on" or "disposed on" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may be a central component at the same time. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may be a central component at the same time.

[0045] It should also be noted that the directional terms such as left, right, up, and down in the embodiments of the present invention are merely relative concepts or are based on the normal use status of the product and should not be considered as restrictive.

[0046] See also Figure 1 The production equipment of the micro-nano structure positioning molding and packaging stretch film provided by the present invention includes: a reeling device 1, a first satellite printing device 3, a second satellite printing device 7 and a reeling device 9, and the reeling device 1, the first satellite printing device 3, the second satellite printing device 7 and the reeling device 9 are arranged in sequence according to the processing steps.

[0047] Among them, the stretch film is a high-stretchability BOPP film, and the unwinding device 1 is used to continuously provide the stretch film; the first satellite printing device 3 is used to perform at least one coating and molding on one surface of the stretch film to form a first molded layer on the one surface of the stretch film; the second satellite printing device 7 is used to perform at least one coating and molding on the other surface of the stretch film to form a second molded layer on the other surface of the stretch film; the winding device 9 is used to wind up the stretch film after double-sided processing.

[0048] During the printing process, the stretch film is unwound by the unwinding device 1, and then the first satellite printing device 3 makes the stretch film as close as possible to the satellite roller of the first satellite printing device 4 to reduce the stretching degree, and one side of the stretch film is coated and molded to form a first molded layer. After the printing of one side of the stretch film is completed, the stretch film passes through the floating roller unit 4 and the lateral deviation correction unit 5, and is directly transmitted to the second satellite printing device 7. The other side of the stretch film is processed in the same way, and finally rolled up by the winding device 9. The present invention uses a dual satellite printing device to avoid stretching of the soft film material as much as possible during the processing process, so that the nesting is more accurate. By using a dual satellite printing device, the image layer and the grating decoding layer are processed on both sides of a film with a certain thickness. The image layer is located at the focal position of the grating layer. The grating layer focuses on the image layer through a film of a certain thickness, and uses the moiré magnification principle to present a dynamic and three-dimensional effect in the human eye.

[0049] Moreover, by providing molded layers on both sides of the stretch film, more effects (such as anti-counterfeiting, 3D, graphics with depth visual effects, etc.) can be achieved to make the product packaging more beautiful.

[0050] Please also read Figure 2 The first satellite printing device 3 includes a first satellite roller 31, a first coating unit 32 and a first molding unit 33 arranged around the first satellite roller 31. The stretch film is coated with UV varnish by the first coating unit 32, and then the first molding unit 33 molds the grating structure at the coating position according to the master image.

[0051] Since the embossing unit is not a conventional printing unit, but a varnish layer is coated with varnish and then the laser image is embossed on the varnish layer. This has high requirements on the thickness and consistency of the coating. The traditional anilox printing system is difficult to achieve the requirements of precision coating.

[0052] Specifically, the first coating unit 32 includes an ink supply cylinder 321 and a slit coating unit 322 . The ink supply cylinder 321 is connected to the slit coating unit 322 to inject UV varnish into the slit coating unit 322 , and then the slit coating unit 322 coats the varnish onto the stretched film.

[0053] The present invention adopts the slit coating unit 322 for coating, which can more accurately control the coating thickness, and has a fast coating speed and good coating thickness consistency. In this embodiment, the coating thickness can be 1μm-200μm, and the coating thickness is controlled according to the following formula:

[0054]

[0055] Wherein, f is the liquid flow rate, S is the movement speed of the substrate, w is the coating width, c is the solid content of the varnish, and ρ is the density of the varnish. The present invention controls the coating thickness by controlling the liquid flow rate according to the coating width of the stretched film. Preferably, the coating thickness is 3μm-20μm, thereby ensuring the visual effect of the molded grating structure. In addition, the slit coating unit 322 also has the characteristics of a wide range of coating liquid viscosity, few coating defects, and high coating liquid utilization.

[0056] Furthermore, the first satellite printing device 3 further includes a second coating unit 34 and a second molding unit 35 disposed around the first satellite roller 31, and UV oil is coated on the stretch film by the second coating unit 34, and then the coating position is molded by the second molding unit 35. Specifically, the second coating unit 34 is disposed at the bottom of the first satellite roller 31, so that the stretch film is wound along the first satellite roller 31 to reduce its stretching strength.

[0057] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 A first tension control device 2 is also provided between the unwinding device 1 and the first satellite printing device 3 to correct the longitudinal and transverse deviations, thereby making the printing more accurate.

[0058] Please continue reading Figure 2 The second satellite printing device 7 includes a second satellite roller 71, a third coating unit 72 and a third molding unit 73 arranged around the second satellite roller 71. The third coating unit 72 is used to coat the other side of the stretch film with UV varnish, and then the third molding unit 73 is used to mold and form a grating structure.

[0059] Furthermore, after the first satellite printing device processes one side of the stretch film, the second satellite printing device prints the other side of the stretch film to achieve double-sided printing. Compared with the existing method that requires printing on one side of the stretch film and rolling it up before printing and rolling up the other side, the present invention only needs to unwind once to complete double-sided printing of the stretch film, greatly reducing its stretching deformation, and through the satellite printing method, it can further reduce its stretching deformation, greatly improving the printing quality of the stretch film.

[0060] Therefore, in the production equipment of the present invention, when processing the front and back sides, the embossing roller of the embossing unit adopts the method of covering the nickel plate with the embossing roller, and the nickel plate can be made by photolithography platemaking technology, or by laser engraving, so as to achieve ultra-high resolution of graphics and grating structures. At the same time,

[0061] The second satellite printing device 7 also includes a plurality of printing units 74 arranged around the second satellite roller 71 for printing color images on the other surface of the stretch film. The stretch film is colored by the plurality of printing units 74, so that a colorful effect can be presented on the stretch film.

[0062] Furthermore, a second tension control device 8 is provided in front of the winding device 9, which can perform longitudinal and transverse deviation correction on the printed stretch film, which is more conducive to winding.

[0063] In this embodiment, the three embossing units (i.e., the first embossing unit 33, the second embossing unit 35, and the third embossing unit 73) all include: an embossing roller 332, a curing lamp 333, and a first embossing roller 331 and a second embossing roller 334 for making the stretch film close to the embossing roller 332. The curing lamp 333 is an LED curing lamp, which is located between the first embossing roller 331 and the second embossing roller 334, and between the embossing roller 332 and the satellite roller, that is, located on the non-embossing surface of the stretch film, so that the varnish coated on the film surface is cured while embossing. The first embossing roller 331 and the second embossing roller 334 are respectively arranged on both sides of the embossing roller 332, so as to ensure that the stretch film is close to the embossing roller 332 during embossing, so as to form a complete transfer of the embossed image and text.

[0064] The outer diameters of the embossing rollers and the printing plate rollers of the printing unit 74 are the same, which further avoids the stretching of the stretch film and can further make the mold positioning more accurate to ensure the printing quality.

[0065] The first molded layer and the second molded layer are molded layers with a grating structure. The grating structure allows the stretch film to be laminated with the packaging substrate (such as paper) so that the graphics on the packaging substrate have a certain depth effect, making the packaging present richer content.

[0066] Furthermore, after the first satellite printing device 3 prints one surface of the stretch film, the flip roller 36 makes the other surface of the stretch film face the printing surface of the second satellite printing device 7, and the double-sided processing of the stretch film is completed by the production equipment without stopping, thereby improving work efficiency and reducing the stretching of the stretch film.

[0067] In order to improve the accuracy of positioning when processing the other surface of the stretch film, the production equipment of the present invention also includes an overprint adjustment device (not numbered in the figure), which is arranged between the first satellite printing device and the second satellite printing device. The overprint adjustment device includes a floating roller unit 4, a lateral correction unit 5, an electric eye 6 and a controller (not numbered in the figure) for controlling the adjustment state of the floating roller unit 4 and the lateral correction unit 5 according to the recognition result of the electric eye 6. The floating roller unit 4, the lateral correction unit 5 and the electric eye 6 are connected to the controller.

[0068] When the first surface of the stretch film is processed, a molded cursor 101 is set on the mold plate, and the molded cursor 101 is transferred to the film surface by coating and molding. When the other surface (i.e., the reverse side) of the stretch film is processed, the molded cursor 101 on the stretch film is read by the electric eye 6, and the controller determines whether there is a registration error. When there is a registration error, the floating roller unit 4 adjusts the film feeding tension accordingly to control the film feeding amount, thereby controlling the longitudinal length of the film and the longitudinal overprint accuracy of the other surface. When the controller determines that the film surface has a lateral registration error, the lateral deviation correction unit 5 adjusts the lateral displacement of the film surface to control the lateral registration error of the film.

[0069] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 The transverse deflection correction unit 5 includes a transverse deflection collecting frame 51, at least one transverse deflection correction roller 52 and a motor 53 for controlling the swing of the transverse deflection correction roller 52. The transverse deflection collecting frame 51 is arranged at both ends of the transverse deflection correction roller 52. The motor 53 is connected to the transverse deflection collecting frame 51. The swing angle of the transverse deflection collecting frame 51 is adjusted by the motor 53 to adjust the angle of the transverse deflection correction roller 52, thereby adjusting the transverse position of the film surface.

[0070] Optionally, the embossed cursor may be a laser cursor or a laser dummy mark, which only needs to be set on one surface of the stretch film according to the plate spacing length, and is recognized and read by the electric eye 6. When the electric eye 6 recognizes that the overprint position on the other surface of the stretch film exceeds the registration position, the floating roller unit 4 moves to one side while feeding the film, and synchronously stores the film to increase the film feeding tension of the second satellite printing device 7 until the overprint position coincides with the registration position; conversely, when the electric eye 6 recognizes that the overprint position on the other surface of the stretch film does not reach the registration position, the floating roller unit 4 moves to the other side while feeding the film, and synchronously releases the film to reduce the film feeding tension of the second satellite printing device 3 until the overprint position coincides with the registration position.

[0071] There are more than two transverse deflection correction rollers 52. When the stretch film overprint is detected to have a transverse deviation, the motor 53 controls the transverse deflection receiving frame 51 to swing in the opposite direction of the deviation by a preset angle (such as 5°), so that the transverse deflection correction roller 52 swings synchronously, and when the electric eye detects the molded cursor 10 overprint accurately in real time, the motor controls the transverse deflection correction roller 52 to reset. When resetting, in order to prevent the stretch film from deflecting again, the motor 53 controls the transverse deflection correction roller 52 to first descend to a preset height, and then rise to a preset height after the angle is reset.

[0072] Furthermore, the overprint adjustment device also includes a transverse slide bar (not shown in the figure) arranged along the width direction of the stretch film, and the electric eye 6 can be slidably arranged on the transverse slide bar, so that the electric eye 6 can adjust the transverse position of the electric eye 6 on the transverse slide bar according to the width of the stretch film, but the longitudinal position of the electric eye 6 is fixed, so that the shooting angle of the electric eye 6 remains unchanged, thereby ensuring that the longitudinal position read by the cursor corresponds to the reverse molding position of the film, that is, the front and back molding positions of the film are aligned, and then the position alignment of the grating structure is achieved, thereby achieving the designed visual effect (such as graphics with depth visual effect).

[0073] Furthermore, the first satellite roller and the second satellite roller are both steel rollers, and a printing roller is used to replace the coating unit, the molding unit, and the printing unit, thereby reducing a plurality of printing rollers. Moreover, the number of the coating unit, the molding unit, and the printing unit can be increased or decreased according to printing needs, and the present invention does not limit this.

[0074] Based on the above production equipment, the present invention also provides a production method of the production equipment, comprising the following steps:

[0075] S1, the unwinding device provides the stretch film without stopping;

[0076] S2, coating and molding are performed at least once on one surface of the stretched film by a first satellite printing device, so that a first molding layer is formed on the surface of the stretched film;

[0077] S3, coating and molding the other surface of the stretched film at least once by a second satellite printing device, so that the other surface of the stretched film is formed with a second molded layer;

[0078] S4, a winding device, is used for winding up the stretch film after double-sided processing.

[0079] Between steps S2 and S3, the stretch film is turned over by a guide roller so that the stretch film can be printed on both sides, thereby reducing the stretching deformation and improving the printing quality.

[0080] Furthermore, between steps S2 and S3, the longitudinal length and the transverse length of the stretch film are controlled by the overprint adjustment device, thereby controlling the longitudinal registration error and the transverse registration error of the stretch film when processing the other surface.

[0081] Since the structure and working mode of the production equipment have been described in detail above, they will not be repeated here.

[0082] Based on the above-mentioned production equipment and printing method, the present invention also provides a micro-nano structure positioning molding and packaging stretch film. The micro-nano structure positioning molding and packaging stretch film is made using the above-mentioned production equipment and the above-mentioned production method.

[0083] In summary, the present invention uses a dual-satellite printing device to process the image layer and the grating decoding layer on both sides of a film with a certain thickness. The image layer is located at the focal position of the grating layer. The grating layer focuses on the image layer through a film with a certain thickness, and uses the moiré magnification principle to present a dynamic and three-dimensional effect in the human eye. When processing the high-stretch film on both sides, the stretch film can be made to fit the satellite roller of the satellite printing device as much as possible, thereby reducing the stretching of the stretch film during the processing process and making the positioning more accurate.

[0084] In addition to grating processing on the front and back of the soft film, this device can also color and print pictures and texts on the front and back, and can realize soft film packaging materials with color three-dimensional effects and color pictures and texts. The soft film packaging material can be directly applied to plastic soft packaging, and can also be applied to paper packaging materials through post-composite processing.

[0085] It is understandable that those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, and all these changes or substitutions should fall within the protection scope of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A production equipment for micro-nano structure positioning molding and packaging stretch film, characterized in that: include: An unwinding device for continuously providing the stretch film; A first satellite printing device is used to perform at least one coating and molding on one surface of the stretch film to form a first molding layer on the surface of the stretch film; A second satellite printing device is used to perform at least one coating and molding on the other surface of the stretched film to form a second molded layer on the other surface of the stretched film; A winding device is used to wind up the stretch film after double-sided processing; A register adjustment device is provided between the first satellite printing device and the second satellite printing device; The first satellite printing device comprises a first satellite roller, a first coating unit and a first molding unit arranged around the first satellite roller; the second satellite printing device comprises a second satellite roller, a third coating unit and a third molding unit arranged around the second satellite roller; The overprint adjustment device comprises a floating roller unit for longitudinal deviation correction, a transverse deviation correction unit for transverse deviation correction, an electric eye and a controller for controlling the adjustment state of the floating roller unit and the transverse deviation correction unit, wherein the floating roller unit, the transverse deviation correction unit and the electric eye are connected to the controller; when processing one surface of the stretch film, a molded cursor is arranged on the mold plate, and the molded cursor is transferred to the film surface by coating and molding; when processing the other surface of the stretch film, the molded cursor on the stretch film is read by the electric eye, and the controller determines whether there is a registration error. When there is a registration error, the floating roller unit is made to adjust the film feeding tension accordingly to control the film feeding amount, thereby controlling the longitudinal length of the stretch film and the longitudinal overprint accuracy of the other surface; when the controller determines that the film surface has a transverse registration error, the transverse deviation correction unit adjusts the transverse displacement of the film surface to control the transverse registration error of the stretch film; The transverse deflection correction unit includes a transverse deflection collecting frame, a transverse deflection correction roller and a motor for controlling the swing of the transverse deflection correction roller. The transverse deflection collecting frame is arranged at both ends of the transverse deflection correction roller, and the motor is connected to the transverse deflection collecting frame. The motor adjusts the swing angle of the transverse deflection collecting frame to adjust the angle of the transverse deflection correction roller to adjust the transverse position of the film surface; there are more than two transverse deflection correction rollers. When the stretch film overprint is detected to produce a transverse offset, the motor controls the transverse deflection collecting frame to swing a preset angle in the opposite direction of the offset, so that the transverse deflection correction roller swings synchronously, and when the electric eye detects the accuracy of the molded cursor overprint in real time, the motor controls the transverse deflection correction roller to reset; when resetting, the motor controls the transverse deflection correction roller to first descend to a preset height, and then rise to a preset height after the angle is reset.

2. The production equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first satellite printing device further includes a second coating unit and a second embossing unit disposed around the first satellite roller.

3. The production equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second satellite printing device also includes a printing unit arranged around the second satellite roller and used for printing color images on the other surface of the stretch film.

4. The production equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also includes: A molding roller, a curing lamp, and a first embossing roller and a second embossing roller for making the stretch film close to the molding roller, wherein the curing lamp is located between the first embossing roller and the second embossing roller.

5. A method for producing a production device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: The stretch film is provided by the unwinding device without stopping the machine; The first satellite printing device performs at least one coating and molding on one surface of the stretch film, so that the surface of the stretch film is formed with a first molding layer; The second satellite printing device performs at least one coating and molding on the other surface of the stretched film, so that the other surface of the stretched film is formed with a second molding layer; The winding device is used to wind up the stretch film after double-sided processing.

Images