A high-power fuel cell engine temperature management system and control method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high-power fuel cell engine temperature management system and a control method thereof, the system includes a fuel cell stack, a flow distribution module, a multi-module heat sink, a heating module, a water pump and a controller, the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the flow distribution module, the flow distribution module is also respectively connected to the multi-module heat sink and the heating module, one end of the water pump is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the other end is respectively connected to the multi-module heat sink and the heating module, the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack is provided with a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack is also provided with a temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are both connected to the controller, the controller controls the switches of the multi-module heat sink and the heating module through the signals of the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, and adjusts the opening of the flow distribution module and the water pump. The system temperature control strategy of the present invention is more flexible; and the temperature control of the present invention is more precise.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell engines, and in particular to a high-power fuel cell engine temperature management system and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Under the dual pressures of energy and the environment, fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) have become the future direction of the automotive industry and a key research focus. During the research and development of FCVs, the operating temperature of the FCV engine plays a crucial role in the efficiency and lifespan of the fuel cell stack. Furthermore, as the power level of FCV engines increases, the difficulty of temperature management increases. In automotive environments, ambient temperature, vehicle speed, and the power of the FCV engine itself all vary widely, further complicating precise temperature management. On the one hand, FCV engines often require different temperature management strategies under varying environmental conditions and engine operating power; on the other hand, the FCV engine's temperature management system also needs to optimize its structure to accommodate these diverse temperature management strategies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the first purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-power fuel cell engine temperature management system, which can not only quickly heat up the fuel cell stack, but also solve the heat dissipation problem of the fuel cell stack. The second purpose of the present invention is to provide a control method for the above system.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned first invention object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A high-power fuel cell engine temperature management system includes a fuel cell stack, a flow distribution module, a multi-module heat dissipation device, a heating module, a water pump and a controller. The coolant outlet end of the fuel cell stack is connected to the flow distribution module, and the flow distribution module is also connected to the multi-module heat dissipation device and the heating module respectively. One end of the water pump is connected to the coolant inlet end of the fuel cell stack, and the other end is connected to the multi-module heat dissipation device and the heating module respectively. The coolant inlet end of the fuel cell stack is provided with a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and the coolant outlet end of the fuel cell stack is also provided with a temperature sensor. The pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are both connected to the controller, and the controller is also connected to the flow distribution module, the multi-module heat dissipation device, the heating module and the water pump. The controller controls the switches of the multi-module heat dissipation device and the heating module through signals from the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, and adjusts the opening of the flow distribution module and the water pump.

[0006] As a preferred solution, it also includes a coolant flow storage module, an ion concentration sensor and a deionizer. The ion concentration sensor is arranged at the coolant outlet end of the fuel cell stack, the coolant flow storage module is connected between the coolant outlet end of the fuel cell stack and the other end of the water pump, and the deionizer is installed between the coolant flow storage module and the multi-module heat dissipation device.

[0007] As a preferred solution, the multi-module heat dissipation device includes a frame, a fan, a heat conducting plate and a coolant flow channel. Multiple coolant flow channels are arranged at intervals on the frame, multiple heat conducting plates are arranged between adjacent coolant flow channels, and multiple fans that can be started and stopped separately are arranged on the frame and are located on one side of the coolant flow channel.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the flow distribution module is a three-way valve, including a valve body and a valve core, the valve body is provided with a first pipeline, a second pipeline and a third pipeline, and the first pipeline and the second pipeline constitute a mainstream passage, and the first pipeline and the third pipeline constitute a secondary flow passage, the valve core includes an adjusting shaft and a covering wall surface that are interconnected, and the covering wall surface is driven by the rotation of the adjusting shaft to block or partially block the mainstream passage or the secondary flow passage.

[0009] As a preferred solution, the controller includes a power supply module, a signal acquisition module, an execution signal generation module and a processing module connected to the above modules. The power supply module supplies power to the processing module. After the processing module performs calculations and processing based on the data of the signal acquisition module, it controls the multi-module heat dissipation device, heating module, flow distribution module and water pump through the execution signal generation module.

[0010] As a preferred solution, it also includes an environmental monitor, which includes an environmental temperature acquisition module and an information interaction module. The environmental temperature acquisition module transmits the processed temperature information to the information interaction module, and the information interaction module receives the processed temperature information and vehicle speed information and transmits the processing results to the controller.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the signal from the environmental monitor, the signal from the pressure sensor and the signal from the temperature sensor are all input signals to the controller.

[0012] As a preferred solution, the controller includes a communication module, a power module, a signal acquisition module, an execution signal generation module and a processing module connected to the above modules. The power module supplies power to the processing module, and the communication module communicates with the environmental monitor through the CAN protocol. After the processing module calculates and processes the data based on the signal acquisition module and the communication module, it controls the multi-module heat dissipation device, heating module, flow distribution module and water pump through the execution signal generation module.

[0013] In order to achieve the above second object of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0014] A control method for a high-power fuel cell engine temperature management system employs the above-mentioned system and includes the following steps:

[0015] 1) The controller determines whether the stack is in the startup process or normal operation process based on the temperature of the stack, and the system enters the corresponding auxiliary heating control or heat dissipation control;

[0016] 2) If the system is in auxiliary heating control: when the temperature of the fuel cell stack is lower than the operating temperature, the controller controls the flow distribution module so that all the coolant enters the heating module. The coolant circulates in the circuit where the heating module is located through the water pump. The controller turns on the heating module to quickly raise the temperature of the fuel cell stack to the desired operating temperature. When the temperature of the fuel cell stack reaches the operating temperature, the controller turns off the heating module and adjusts the flow distribution module again so that the coolant enters the circuit where the multi-module heat dissipation device is located and the circuit where the heating module is located in proportion. The coolant circulates in the system through the water pump to meet system requirements.

[0017] 3) If the system is in heat dissipation control: the controller obtains the power of the fuel cell stack, and calculates the coolant flow rate based on the expected temperature value of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack and the heat generation power of the fuel cell stack, and adjusts the water pump opening; the controller calculates the minimum heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat dissipation device;

[0018] If the minimum heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat sink is still greater than the system's heat dissipation requirements, the controller adjusts the flow distribution module so that the coolant enters the circuits of the multi-module heat sink and the heating module in proportion. At this time, the heating module is turned off, and the coolant circulates in the system through the water pump to meet the system's heat dissipation requirements.

[0019] If the minimum heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat dissipation device is less than the heat dissipation requirement of the system, the controller adjusts the flow distribution module so that all the coolant enters the multi-module heat dissipation device; the controller then increases the heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat dissipation device to meet the heat dissipation requirement of the system.

[0020] As a preferred solution, the multi-module heat dissipation device includes multiple fans, and the controller adjusts the heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat dissipation device by controlling the number of fans turned on and the opening degree of each fan.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present invention adopts a controller to adjust the flow distribution module, so that the coolant flowing out of the fuel cell stack can flow into the multi-module heat dissipation device and the heating module in proportion according to the heat dissipation demand and then circulate into the fuel cell stack. During auxiliary startup, the flow distribution module allows all the coolant to flow into the heating module, thereby achieving the effect of rapidly heating the fuel cell stack. When the fuel cell stack is dissipating heat, the coolant circulation pipeline can also be selected as needed, making the system temperature control strategy more flexible. The present invention adopts the signals of the pressure sensor and temperature sensor set at the coolant inlet and outlet ends of the fuel cell stack as the control basis of the controller, which can more accurately adjust the opening of the multi-module heat dissipation device, heating module, flow distribution module and water pump. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute a limitation on this application.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the controller of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an environmental monitor of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-module heat dissipation device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the flow distribution module of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the valve core of the flow distribution module of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a schematic flow chart of the auxiliary heating control process of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 It is a flow chart of the heat dissipation control process of the present invention.

[0032] The figures are marked as follows: 1. fuel cell stack; 2. coolant flow storage module; 3. water pump; 4. multi-module heat dissipation device; 41. fan; 42. heat conducting plate; 43. coolant flow channel; 5. heating module; 6. flow distribution module; 61. valve body; 62. first pipeline; 63. second pipeline; 64. third pipeline; 65. valve core; 7. controller; 71. processing module; 72. communication module; 73. power module; 74. signal acquisition module; 75. execution signal generation module; 8. environmental monitor; 81. ambient temperature acquisition module; 82. information interaction module; 9. deionizer; 10. pressure sensor; 11. temperature sensor; 12. ion concentration sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0035] In addition, in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0036] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0037] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0038] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0040] This embodiment provides a high-power fuel cell engine temperature management system, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a fuel cell stack 1, a flow distribution module 6, a multi-module heat sink 4, a heating module 5, a water pump 3 and a controller 7. The controller adjusts each actuator based on the information of each sensor in the temperature management system and the state of the actuator; the sensors include but are not limited to a pressure sensor 10 and a temperature sensor 11, and the actuators include but are not limited to a multi-module heat sink 4, a heating module 5, a flow distribution module 6 and a water pump 3; the coolant outlet end of the fuel cell stack 1 is connected to the flow distribution module 6, and the flow distribution module 6 is also connected to the multi-module heat sink 4 and the heating module 5 respectively. One end of the water pump is connected to the cooling The coolant inlet end of the fuel cell stack 1 is provided with a pressure sensor 10 and a temperature sensor 11, and the coolant outlet end of the fuel cell stack 1 is also provided with a temperature sensor 11. The pressure sensor 10 and the temperature sensor 11 are both connected to the controller 7, and the controller 7 is also connected to the flow distribution module 6, the multi-module heat dissipation device 4, the heating module 5 and the water pump 3. The controller 7 controls the switches of the multi-module heat dissipation device 4 and the heating module 5 through the signals of the pressure sensor 10 and the temperature sensor 11, and adjusts the opening of the flow distribution module 6 and the water pump 3.

[0041] The water pump in the present invention is generally a centrifugal water pump for automobiles, which is used to control the flow of coolant and thus adjust the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the stack coolant; the heating module is a pipeline PTC heater, which is used to heat the coolant to accelerate the startup process of the stack; the temperature sensor is a thermal resistor or thermocouple temperature sensor, which is used to monitor the coolant temperature at the inlet and outlet of the stack; the pressure sensor is a pressure strain gauge pressure sensor, which is used to monitor the pressure of the coolant at the inlet of the stack;

[0042] The system of the present invention also includes a cooling flow storage module 2, an ion concentration sensor 12 and a deionizer 9. The ion concentration sensor 12 is arranged at the coolant outlet end of the battery stack 1, the coolant flow storage module 2 is connected between the coolant outlet end of the battery stack 1 and the other end of the water pump 1, and the deionizer 9 is installed between the coolant flow storage module 2 and the multi-module heat dissipation device 4. The deionizer is used to remove excess conductive ions in the coolant to maintain the coolant conductivity within a safe range; the coolant flow storage module uses a vehicle auxiliary water tank to store a certain amount of coolant, thereby replenishing the coolant lost due to coolant leakage at some nodes during system operation. The ion concentration sensor 12 uses an electrode-type conductivity tester to monitor the conductivity of the coolant in the battery stack cooling circuit.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, a multi-module heat sink is used to dissipate heat generated during the operation of the fuel cell stack to the external environment. The multi-module heat sink 4 includes a frame, a fan 41, a heat conducting plate 42, and a coolant channel 43. Multiple coolant channels 43 are spaced apart on the frame, through which coolant flows. Multiple heat conducting plates 42 are arranged between adjacent coolant channels 43 to conduct heat to the coolant channels, thereby increasing the contact area between the radiator and the environment and improving its heat dissipation efficiency. Multiple fans 41, which can be started and stopped independently, are arranged on the frame and located on either side of the coolant channel 43. The on / off and speed of each fan can be controlled by a controller.

[0044] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the flow distribution module is used to control the ratio of the flow of coolant flowing through the heating module and the multi-module heat dissipation device; the flow distribution module 6 is a three-way valve, including a valve body 61 and a valve core 65, and the valve body 61 is provided with a first pipeline 62, a second pipeline 63 and a third pipeline 64, and the first pipeline 62 and the second pipeline 63 constitute a mainstream passage, and the first pipeline 62 and the third pipeline 64 constitute a secondary flow passage, the mainstream passage connects the outlet of the battery stack to the inlet of the multi-module heat dissipation device; the secondary flow passage connects the outlet of the battery stack to the inlet of the heating module; the valve core 65 includes an adjusting shaft and a covering wall surface that are interconnected, and the covering wall surface is driven by the rotation of the adjusting shaft to block or partially block the mainstream passage or the secondary flow passage, thereby adjusting the opening of the mainstream passage and the secondary flow passage to control the ratio of the coolant flowing through the mainstream passage and the secondary flow passage.

[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also includes an environmental monitor 8, which includes an environmental temperature acquisition module 81 and an information interaction module 82. The environmental temperature acquisition module 81 acquires the ambient temperature of the fuel cell engine through a thermistor-type ambient temperature sensor placed near the multi-module heat dissipation device; the environmental temperature acquisition module 81 transmits the processed temperature information to the information interaction module 82, and the information interaction module 82 receives the processed temperature information and vehicle speed information and transmits the processed results to the controller. The signal of the environmental monitor 8, the signal of the pressure sensor 10, and the signal of the temperature sensor 11 are all input signals of the controller 7. The environmental monitor is used to collect the ambient temperature information during the operation of the fuel cell engine and estimate the natural wind speed blowing towards the multi-module heat dissipation module through the speed of the vehicle, and provide this information to the controller for decision support.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, the controller 7 includes a communication module 72, a power module 73, a signal acquisition module 74, an execution signal generation module 75 and a processing module 71 connected to the above modules. The power module 73 supplies power to the processing module 71. The communication module 72 communicates with the environmental monitor 8 through the CAN protocol. After the processing module 71 performs calculations based on the data of the signal acquisition module 74 and the communication module 72, the multi-module heat dissipation device 4, the heating module 5, the flow distribution module 6 and the water pump 3 are controlled by the execution signal generation module 75.

[0047] Signal acquisition module in the controller: directly collects signals from pressure sensor, temperature sensor and conductivity tester; Communication module: communicates with environmental monitoring module through CAN protocol to obtain vehicle speed and ambient temperature information; Processing module: 1 estimates the heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat dissipation device when all multi-module fans are closed through the ambient temperature of the fuel cell engine, vehicle speed and coolant flow; 2 estimates the coolant flow required for the stack through the operating point of the stack and the coolant inlet temperature; 3 calculates the heat dissipation demand of the temperature management system based on the coolant outlet temperature, the expected coolant inlet temperature and the coolant flow; 4 estimates the heat dissipation capacity of different cooling fan combinations based on the ambient temperature of the fuel cell engine; 5 estimates the heat dissipation capacity of the cooling fan combinations based on the coolant inlet and outlet The expected value of the temperature and the heat generation power of the fuel cell stack are used to calculate the expected opening of the water pump; the execution signal generation module: generates control signals for each actuator according to the calculation results of the processing module, including: generating a control signal of the flow regulation module through the PWM signal output unit, adjusting the opening of the mainstream passage and the secondary passage to control the ratio of the coolant flowing through the mainstream passage and the secondary passage; generating an enable signal for each fan of the multi-module heat dissipation device through the digital signal output unit and generating an opening control signal for each fan through the PWM signal output unit; accurately adjusting the heat dissipation capacity of the radiator; generating a control signal for the water pump through the PWM signal output unit to adjust the coolant flow; generating a control signal for the heating module through the digital signal output unit to control whether the heating module is working.

[0048] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 A control method for a high-power fuel cell engine temperature management system is shown, using the above system, and the steps are as follows:

[0049] 1. The controller 7 determines whether the stack 1 is in the startup process or normal operation process based on the temperature of the stack 1, and the system enters the corresponding auxiliary heating control or heat dissipation control;

[0050] 2. If the system is in auxiliary heating control: when the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 is lower than the operating temperature, the controller 7 controls the flow distribution module 6 so that all the coolant enters the heating module 5. The coolant circulates in the circuit where the heating module 5 is located through the water pump 3. The controller 7 turns on the heating module 5 to quickly raise the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 to the desired operating temperature. When the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 reaches the operating temperature, the controller 7 turns off the heating module and adjusts the flow distribution module 6 again so that the coolant enters the circuit where the multi-module heat sink 4 is located and the circuit where the heating module 5 is located in proportion. The coolant circulates in the system through the water pump 3 to meet the system requirements.

[0051] 3. If the system is in heat dissipation control: the controller 7 obtains the power of the fuel cell stack 1, and calculates the coolant flow rate based on the expected temperature values of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 and the heat generation power of the fuel cell stack 1, and adjusts the opening of the water pump 3; the controller 7 calculates the minimum heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat dissipation device 4;

[0052] If the minimum heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat sink 4 is still greater than the heat dissipation requirement of the system, the controller 7 adjusts the flow distribution module 6 so that the coolant enters the circuit where the multi-module heat sink 4 is located and the circuit where the heating module 5 is located in proportion. At this time, the heating module 5 is turned off, and the coolant circulates in the system through the water pump 3 to meet the heat dissipation requirement of the system.

[0053] If the minimum heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat dissipation device 4 is less than the heat dissipation requirement of the system, the controller 7 adjusts the flow distribution module 6 so that all the coolant enters the multi-module heat dissipation device 4. The controller 7 then increases the heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat dissipation device 4 to meet the heat dissipation requirement of the system.

[0054] The multi-module heat dissipation device 4 includes a plurality of fans 41 , and the controller 7 adjusts the heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat dissipation device 4 by controlling the number of fans turned on and the opening degree of each fan.

[0055] The system is divided into the following two operating conditions in the heat dissipation working mode according to the relationship between heat dissipation demand and heat dissipation capacity: Condition 1: When all the fans of multiple modules are turned off, the heat dissipation capacity is still greater than the heat dissipation demand of the temperature management system; Condition 2: When all the fans of multiple modules are turned off, the heat dissipation capacity is less than the heat dissipation demand of the temperature management system.

[0056] Control method for operating condition 1: ① Based on the expected coolant inlet and outlet temperatures and the heat generation power of the fuel cell stack, the expected water pump opening is calculated, and the water pump adjustment signal is output through the controller's execution signal generation unit. ② Based on the heat dissipation requirements of the thermal management system, the expected coolant flow ratio of the main flow path and the secondary flow path of the flow distribution module is calculated by comprehensively considering the coolant inlet and outlet temperatures and the heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat dissipation device when all multi-module fans are turned off. The adjustment signal for the coolant flow distribution module is output through the controller's execution signal generation unit.

[0057] Control method for working condition 2: ① Calculate the expected opening of the water pump based on the expected values of the coolant inlet and outlet temperatures and the heat generation power of the fuel cell stack, and output the water pump adjustment signal through the execution signal generation unit of the controller; ② Output the adjustment signal of the coolant flow distribution module through the execution signal generation unit of the controller to close the secondary flow path, and all the coolant flows through the mainstream path to the multi-module heat dissipation device; ③ Estimate the heat dissipation capacity of different cooling fan combinations based on the ambient temperature of the fuel cell engine, select the optimal distribution method, and enable the corresponding cooling fan; ④ Set the expected temperature of the coolant inlet, and the enabled fan acts as a regulator to close the coolant inlet temperature.

[0058] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0059] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles and purpose of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control method for a high-power fuel cell engine temperature management system, characterized in that: The system comprises a fuel cell stack (1), a flow distribution module (6), a multi-module heat sink (4), a heating module (5), a water pump (3) and a controller (7), wherein the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack (1) is connected to the flow distribution module (6), and the flow distribution module (6) is also connected to the multi-module heat sink (4) and the heating module (5) respectively; one end of the water pump is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack (1), and the other end is connected to the multi-module heat sink (4) and the heating module (5) respectively; the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack (1) is provided with a pressure sensor (10) and a temperature sensor (11). The coolant outlet of the stack (1) is also provided with a temperature sensor (11), the pressure sensor (10) and the temperature sensor (11) are both connected to the controller (7), and the controller (7) is also connected to the flow distribution module (6), the multi-module heat dissipation device (4), the heating module (5) and the water pump (3), and the controller (7) controls the switches of the multi-module heat dissipation device (4) and the heating module (5) through signals from the pressure sensor (10) and the temperature sensor (11), and adjusts the opening of the flow distribution module (6) and the water pump (3); It also includes a coolant flow storage module (2), an ion concentration sensor (12) and a deionizer (9), wherein the ion concentration sensor (12) is arranged at the coolant outlet end of the battery stack (1), the coolant flow storage module (2) is connected between the coolant outlet end of the battery stack (1) and the other end of the water pump (1), and the deionizer (9) is installed between the coolant flow storage module (2) and the multi-module heat dissipation device (4); The multi-module heat dissipation device (4) includes a frame, a fan (41), a heat conducting plate (42) and a coolant flow channel (43), wherein a plurality of coolant flow channels (43) are arranged on the frame at intervals, a plurality of heat conducting plates (42) are arranged between adjacent coolant flow channels (43), and a plurality of fans (41) that are individually started and stopped are arranged on the frame and located on one side of the coolant flow channel (43); Here are the steps: 1) The controller (7) determines, based on the temperature of the battery stack (1), whether the battery stack (1) is in the startup process or the normal operation process, and the system enters the corresponding auxiliary heating control or heat dissipation control; 2) If the system is in auxiliary heating control: when the temperature of the battery stack (1) is lower than the operating temperature, the controller (7) controls the flow distribution module (6) so that all the coolant enters the heating module (5), and the coolant circulates in the circuit where the heating module (5) is located through the water pump (3). The controller (7) turns on the heating module (5) so that the temperature of the battery stack (1) rises rapidly to the desired operating temperature. When the temperature of the battery stack (1) reaches the operating temperature, the controller (7) turns off the heating module and adjusts the flow distribution module (6) again so that the coolant enters the circuit where the multi-module heat dissipation device (4) is located and the circuit where the heating module (5) is located in proportion. The coolant circulates in the system through the water pump (3) to meet the system requirements. 3) If the system is in heat dissipation control: the controller (7) obtains the power of the stack (1), and calculates the coolant flow rate based on the expected temperature value of the coolant inlet and outlet of the stack (1) and the heat generation power of the stack (1), and adjusts the opening of the water pump (3); the controller (7) calculates the minimum heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat dissipation device (4); If the minimum heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat dissipation device (4) is still greater than the heat dissipation requirement of the system, the controller (7) adjusts the flow distribution module (6) so that the coolant enters the circuit where the multi-module heat dissipation device (4) is located and the circuit where the heating module (5) is located in proportion; at this time, the heating module (5) is turned off, and the coolant circulates in the system through the water pump (3) to meet the heat dissipation requirement of the system; If the minimum heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat dissipation device (4) is less than the heat dissipation requirement of the system, the controller (7) adjusts the flow distribution module (6) so that all the coolant enters the multi-module heat dissipation device (4); the controller (7) then increases the heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat dissipation device (4) so that it meets the heat dissipation requirement of the system.

2. The control method of a high-power fuel cell engine temperature management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow distribution module (6) is a three-way valve, comprising a valve body (61) and a valve core (65); the valve body (61) is provided with a first pipeline (62), a second pipeline (63) and a third pipeline (64); the first pipeline (62) and the second pipeline (63) constitute a main flow passage, and the first pipeline (62) and the third pipeline (64) constitute a secondary flow passage; the valve core (65) comprises an adjusting shaft and a covering wall surface that are connected to each other, and the covering wall surface is driven by the rotation of the adjusting shaft to block or partially block the main flow passage or the secondary flow passage.

3. The control method of a high-power fuel cell engine temperature management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller (7) includes a power supply module (73), a signal acquisition module (74), an execution signal generation module (75), and a processing module (71) connected to the above modules. The power supply module (73) supplies power to the processing module (71). After the processing module (71) performs calculations based on the data from the signal acquisition module (74), the processing module (71) controls the multi-module heat dissipation device (4), the heating module (5), the flow distribution module (6), and the water pump (3) through the execution signal generation module (75).

4. The control method of a high-power fuel cell engine temperature management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system further includes an environmental monitor (8), wherein the environmental monitor (8) includes an environmental temperature acquisition module (81) and an information interaction module (82). The environmental temperature acquisition module (81) transmits the processed temperature information to the information interaction module (82). The information interaction module (82) receives the processed temperature information and vehicle speed information and transmits the processed result to the controller.

5. The control method of a high-power fuel cell engine temperature management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The signal of the environmental monitor (8), the signal of the pressure sensor (10) and the signal of the temperature sensor (11) are all input signals of the controller (7).

6. The control method of a high-power fuel cell engine temperature management system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The controller (7) includes a communication module (72), a power module (73), a signal acquisition module (74), an execution signal generation module (75), and a processing module (71) connected to the above modules. The power module (73) supplies power to the processing module (71). The communication module (72) communicates with the environmental monitor (8) via the CAN protocol. The processing module (71) performs calculations based on the data from the signal acquisition module (74) and the communication module (72), and then controls the multi-module heat dissipation device (4), the heating module (5), the flow distribution module (6), and the water pump (3) through the execution signal generation module (75).

7. The control method of a high-power fuel cell engine temperature management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-module heat dissipation device (4) includes a plurality of fans (41), and the controller (7) adjusts the heat dissipation capacity of the multi-module heat dissipation device (4) by controlling the number of fans turned on and the opening degree of each fan.

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