Display device

Abstract

A display device is provided. The display device includes: a display area having at least one corner portion; a display panel including a non-display area disposed around the display area; and a cover window disposed on the display panel. The display panel includes: a flexible substrate; and a crack propagation prevention pattern including a first organic layer disposed on the flexible substrate and directly contacting the flexible substrate, wherein an intersection point of the bending lines overlaps with the crack propagation prevention pattern in the thickness direction. In addition, the display device includes an alignment mark overlapping with the bending lines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a display device. Background Art

[0002] Electronic devices such as smart phones, tablet PCs, digital cameras, laptop computers, navigators, and smart TVs that provide images to a user include a display device for displaying an image. The display device includes a display panel for generating an image to display the image and various input devices.

[0003] Among display devices, an organic light emitting display device displays an image by using an organic light emitting diode that generates light through recombination of electrons and holes. The organic light emitting display device has a fast response speed, high brightness, and a wide viewing angle, and can also be driven with low power consumption.

[0004] Meanwhile, a display device generally displays an image only on the front, but recently, a display device for also displaying an image at a side has been developed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical Problem

[0006] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a display device in which bending stress on a side portion of a display panel (particularly, a side portion positioned in an inclined direction) is alleviated.

[0007] The object of the present disclosure is not limited to those mentioned above, and those skilled in the art will clearly understand additional objects of the present disclosure not mentioned herein from the following description of the present disclosure.

[0008] Technical Solution

[0009] A display device according to an embodiment for achieving the above object includes: a display panel having at least one corner portion and including a display area and a non-display area positioned in the periphery of the display area, and a cover window disposed on the display panel. The display panel includes: a flat portion; a first side portion bent in the thickness direction based on a first bending line extending in a first direction from a first side of the flat portion; a second side portion bent in the thickness direction based on a second bending line extending in a second direction crossing the first direction from a second side of the flat portion; and a third side portion surrounded by at least one corner portion, the first bending line, and the second bending line and bent in the thickness direction based on the first bending line and the second bending line. The flat portion includes a first display area, the first side portion includes a first non-display area and a second display area disposed between the first non-display area and the first display area, the second side portion includes a second non-display area and a third display area disposed between the second non-display area and the first display area, the third side portion includes a third non-display area. Each of the first display area to the third display area includes a plurality of pixels. The intersection point of the first bending line and the second bending line is positioned in the third non-display area. The display panel includes a flexible substrate and a crack propagation prevention pattern disposed on the flexible substrate. The crack propagation prevention pattern includes a first organic layer directly contacting the flexible substrate, and the intersection point is arranged to overlap with the crack propagation prevention pattern in the thickness direction.

[0010] Each of the first non-display area to the third non-display area may include a plurality of scan driving circuits. The plurality of scan driving circuits are spaced apart from each other and connected to the pixels of the display area adjacent to them. And the spacing distance between adjacent scan driving circuits in the third non-display area may be greater than the spacing distance between adjacent scan driving circuits in the first non-display area.

[0011] The crack propagation prevention pattern may be disposed in the gap space between adjacent scan driving circuits in the third non-display area in a plane.

[0012] Each of the first non-display area to the third non-display area may include a plurality of light emission control driving circuits. The plurality of light emission control driving circuits are spaced apart from each other and connected to the pixels of the display area adjacent to them. And the spacing distance between adjacent light emission control driving circuits in the third non-display area may be greater than the spacing distance between adjacent light emission control driving circuits in the first non-display area.

[0013] The scan driving circuits and the light emission control driving circuits connected to the same pixel may be aligned in the direction facing the adjacent display area.

[0014] The crack propagation prevention pattern may also be disposed in the gap space between adjacent light emission control driving circuits in the third non-display area in a plane.

[0015] The crack propagation prevention pattern may also be disposed in a gap space between a scan driving circuit in a third non-display area and a scan driving circuit in a first non-display area that are adjacent to each other on a plane.

[0016] The display panel may include a buffer layer disposed on a flexible substrate, a first insulating layer disposed on the buffer layer, and a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer, and the buffer layer, the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer may include openings in an area overlapping with the crack propagation prevention pattern.

[0017] The crack propagation prevention pattern may contact exposed sides of the buffer layer, the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer.

[0018] The display panel may further include a second organic layer disposed on the second insulating layer and a third organic layer disposed on the second organic layer, and the crack propagation prevention pattern may further include a second organic layer and a third organic layer disposed to overlap with the first organic layer.

[0019] No inorganic material may be disposed in an area overlapping with the crack propagation prevention pattern in a thickness direction.

[0020] The display panel may further include a crack inducing pattern disposed on the flexible substrate and surrounded by the crack propagation prevention pattern on a plane, and the crack inducing pattern may include at least one inorganic layer.

[0021] The crack inducing pattern may further include at least one conductive layer.

[0022] Sides of the crack inducing pattern may directly contact the crack propagation prevention pattern.

[0023] A display device according to another embodiment for solving the above problems includes: a display panel having at least one corner portion and including a display area and a non-display area positioned at a periphery of the display area, and a cover window disposed on the display panel, wherein the display panel includes: a flat portion; a first side portion bent in a thickness direction based on a first bending line extending in a first direction from a first side of the flat portion; a second side portion bent in a thickness direction based on a second bending line extending in a second direction crossing the first direction from a second side of the flat portion; and a third side portion surrounded by at least one corner portion, the first bending line, and the second bending line and bent in a thickness direction based on the first bending line and the second bending line, and the display panel includes a first alignment mark and a second alignment mark, the first alignment mark being disposed to overlap with the first bending line and disposed on the second side portion and the third side portion on a plane, and the second alignment mark being disposed to overlap with the second bending line and disposed on the second side portion and the third side portion on a plane.

[0024] The first alignment mark and the second alignment mark may include a plurality of deposited conductive layers having the same size on a plane.

[0025] The first bent line and the second bent line may respectively pass through the flat portion.

[0026] Each of the first alignment mark and the second alignment mark may include an intersection of the first bent line and the second bent line.

[0027] The intersection of the first bent line and the second bent line may be positioned outside the corner portion.

[0028] The display panel may further include a fourth side portion bent in the thickness direction based on a third bent line extending in a first direction along a third side of the flat portion, and a fifth side portion bent in the thickness direction based on a fourth bent line extending in a second direction along a fourth side of the flat portion. The first bent line and the third bent line may be parallel to each other, and the second bent line and the fourth bent line may be parallel to each other.

[0029] Details of other embodiments are included in the detailed description and the drawings.

[0030] Advantageous Effects

[0031] In a display device according to an embodiment, bending stress on side portions of the display panel, particularly side portions positioned in an inclined direction, may be alleviated.

[0032] Effects according to embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and more various effects are included in the following description of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a display device according to an embodiment.

[0034] Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a display device according to an embodiment.

[0035] Figure 3 is a plan layout showing a display panel according to an embodiment.

[0036] Figure 4 is Figure 3 [[ID=4D]]an enlarged view of region A of is an enlarged view of region A of

[0037] Figure 5 is a plan view showing a display panel bent according to an embodiment.

[0038] Figure 6 is a perspective view showing a display device bent in accordance with Figure 5 is a perspective view showing a display device bent in accordance with

[0039] Figure 7 is a partially enlarged plan view showing a display panel according to an embodiment.

[0040] Figure 8 It is a circuit diagram showing an example of a pixel of a display panel according to an embodiment.

[0041] Figure 9 It is a circuit diagram showing an example of a scan driving circuit of a display panel according to an embodiment.

[0042] Figure 10 It is a circuit diagram showing an example of an emission control driving circuit of a display panel according to an embodiment.

[0043] Figure 11 It is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XI-XI'. Figure 7 of the display panel.

[0044] Figure 12 It is a plan view showing that a crack propagation prevention pattern prevents the propagation of generated cracks in a display panel according to an embodiment.

[0045] Figure 13 and Figure 14 It is a cross-sectional view showing other embodiments according to Figure 11 the embodiment of.

[0046] Figure 15 It is a partially enlarged plan view showing a display panel according to another embodiment.

[0047] Figure 16 It is a partially enlarged plan view showing a display panel according to still another embodiment.

[0048] Figure 17 It is a partially enlarged plan view showing a display panel according to yet another embodiment.

[0049] Figure 18 It is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XIX-XIX'. Figure 17 of the display panel.

[0050] Figure 19 It is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment according to Figure 18 the embodiment of.

[0051] Figure 20 It is a partially enlarged plan view showing a display panel according to still another embodiment.

[0052] Figure 21 It is a partially enlarged plan view showing a display panel according to still another embodiment.

[0053] Figure 22 It is a planar layout showing a display panel according to another embodiment.

[0054] Figure 23 It is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment according to Figure 22 the embodiment of.

[0055] Figure 24 shows a planar layout of a display panel according to another embodiment.

[0056] Figure 25 shows a planar layout of a display panel according to yet another embodiment. Detailed Description

[0057] Advantages and features of the present disclosure and methods for implementing the same will be clarified by the following embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure may be implemented in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In addition, the present disclosure is only defined by the scope of the claims.

[0058] The case where an element or layer is "on" another element or layer includes all cases where not only the element or layer is directly on the other element or layer, but also other elements or layers are interposed between the element or layer and the other element or layer. Throughout the disclosure, the same reference numerals will be used to refer to the same or similar parts.

[0059] It will be understood that although terms such as "first" and / or "second" may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. Thus, within the technical spirit of the present disclosure, the first element discussed below may be referred to as the second element.

[0060] Hereinafter, detailed embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0061] Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a display device according to an embodiment, Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a display device according to an embodiment, Figure 3 is a planar layout showing a display panel according to an embodiment, Figure 4 is Figure 3 an enlarged view of region A of Figure 5 is a plan view showing a display panel bent according to an embodiment, and Figure 6 is showing Figure 5 a perspective view of a display device bent according to

[0062] In an embodiment, for example, a first direction DR1 and a second direction DR2 intersect each other in their respective different directions and indicate directions that are perpendicular to each other on a plan view. A third direction DR3 is a direction that intersects the plane in which the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2 are arranged, and for example, indicates a direction that is perpendicular to the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2. In the illustrated drawing, the first direction DR1 indicates the horizontal direction of the display device 1, the second direction DR2 indicates the vertical direction of the display device 1, and the third direction DR3 indicates the thickness direction of the display device 1. In the following embodiments, one side of the first direction DR1 refers to the right direction on the plan view, the other side of the first direction DR1 refers to the left direction on the plan view, one side of the second direction DR2 refers to the upper direction on the plan view, and the other side of the second direction DR2 refers to the lower direction on the plan view. One side of the third direction DR3 refers to the upper direction in a sectional view, and the other side of the third direction DR3 refers to the lower direction in a sectional view. However, it will be understood that the directions mentioned in the embodiments refer to relative directions, and the embodiments are not limited to the directions mentioned.

[0063] Referring to Figures 1 to 6 , the display device 1 displays a video or a still image. The display direction of the main screen may be on one side of the third direction DR3 (for example, a top emission display device), but may be on the other side of the third direction DR3 (for example, a bottom emission display device), or may be both on one side and the other side of the third direction DR3 (for example, a dual emission display device or a transparent display device).

[0064] The display device 1 may refer to all electronic devices that provide a display screen. For example, televisions, laptop computers, monitors, billboards, and Internet of Things devices, as well as portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, desktop personal computers (PCs), electronic watches, smart watches, watch phones, mobile communication terminals, electronic diaries, e-books, portable multimedia players (PMPs), navigators, game consoles, and digital cameras, may be included in the display device 1.

[0065] The display device 1 includes a display area DA for the display screen and a non-display area NA that is positioned at the periphery of the display area DA and does not display the screen. The non-display area NA may be a border area. The non-display area NA may overlap with a printed layer 330 of a window member 300 to be described later.

[0066] The planar shape of the display area DA may have a rectangular shape with rounded corners. The planar shape of the illustrated display area DA is a rectangular shape that is shorter in the first direction DR1 than in the second direction DR2, but is not limited thereto. The display area DA may have various shapes, such as a rectangular shape in which the second direction DR2 is shorter than the first direction DR1, a square shape, other polygonal shapes, a circular shape, and an oval shape.

[0067] The non-display area NA is located in the periphery of the display area DA. When a rectangular shape with rounded corners is applied to the planar shape of the display area DA, the non-display area NA may be located in the peripheries of the two short sides and the two long sides of the display area DA. That is, the non-display area NA may have a planar shape that completely surrounds the planar shape of the display area DA on the plane, for example, a rectangular frame shape with rounded corners.

[0068] Meanwhile, the display device 1 includes a flat portion positioned on one plane and side portions positioned at the sides of the flat portion. The side portions may be positioned on another plane. One side in the third direction DR3 can be seen from the flat portion of the display device 1, and a side direction that intersects the direction seen from the flat portion can be seen from the side portions. When the planar shape of the display device 1 has a rounded rectangular shape, the display device 1 may include four side portions. Each side portion may be positioned on another plane different from the other side portions. The side portions may be perpendicular to the flat portion, but may be at an acute angle or an obtuse angle to the flat portion, and are not limited to a right angle.

[0069] The display area DA of the display device 1 is mainly located in the flat portion and may be partially located at the side portions. The non-display area NA may be located at the side portions of the display device 1. That is, the display area DA arranged at the side portions is generally connectable to the display area DA located in the flat portion at each side portion, and the non-display area NA arranged at the side portions can be arranged to be spaced apart from the display area DA located in the flat portion by intervening the display area DA arranged at the side portions. However, as Figure 1 shown, the non-display area NA may be directly and physically connected to the display area DA located in the flat portion at the side portions of the corners on the plane of the display device 1.

[0070] Referring to Figure 2 , the display device 1 may include a display panel 100 that provides a display screen and a window member 300 arranged above the display panel 100 to cover and protect the display panel 100.

[0071] Examples of the display panel 100 may include an organic light-emitting display panel, a micro LED display panel, a nano LED display panel, a quantum dot light-emitting display panel, a liquid crystal display panel, a plasma display panel, a field emission display panel, an electrophoretic display panel, and an electro-wetting display panel. Hereinafter, an organic light-emitting display panel is applied as an example of the display panel 100, but the display panel 100 is not limited to the organic light-emitting display panel, and within the scope where the same technical spirit is applied to another display panel, another display panel may be used as the display panel 100.

[0072] The display panel 100 includes a plurality of pixels. Each pixel may include a light-emitting layer and a circuit layer for controlling the amount of light emitted by the light-emitting layer. The circuit layer may include display lines, display electrodes, and at least one transistor. The light-emitting layer may include an organic light-emitting material. The light-emitting layer may be encapsulated by an encapsulation film. The encapsulation film may prevent external water from entering the light-emitting layer by encapsulating the light-emitting layer. The encapsulation film may be made of a single layer or multiple layers of an inorganic film, or may be made of a deposited film of alternately deposited inorganic and organic films.

[0073] The display panel 100 may include a flexible substrate, which includes a flexible polymer material such as polyimide. Accordingly, the display panel 100 may be twisted, bent, folded, or curled.

[0074] The window member 300 may include a window base 310 and a printed layer 330 disposed on the window base 310.

[0075] The window base 310 may be made of a transparent material. The window base 310 may include, for example, glass or plastic. When the window base 310 includes plastic, the window base 310 may have a flexible property.

[0076] Examples of plastics applicable to the window base 310 may include, but are not limited to, polyimide, polyacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polystyrene, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyethersulfone (PES), polyetherimide (PEI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyallyl ester, triacetyl cellulose (TAC), and cellulose acetate propionate (CAP). The plastic window may include one or more of the plastic materials listed above. When the window base 310 includes plastic, it may also include coatings (not shown) disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the plastic. In one embodiment, the coating may be an organic layer including an acrylate compound and / or a hard coating including an organic and inorganic composite layer.

[0077] The planar shape of the window base 310 corresponds to the shape of the display device 1 applied to the window base 310. For example, when the display device 1 has a substantially rectangular shape in a plane, the window base 310 also has a substantially rectangular shape. For another example, when the display device 1 has a circular shape, the window base 310 also has a circular shape.

[0078] The window base 310 is larger than the display panel 100 in a plane, and its sides can protrude from the sides of the display panel 100. The window base 310 can protrude outward from all sides of the display panel 100 (the four sides in the drawing).

[0079] The printing layer 330 can be arranged on the window base 310. The printing layer 330 can be arranged on one surface and / or the other surface of the window base 310. The printing layer 330 can be arranged at the edge portion of the window base 310 and can be arranged in the non-display area NA. The printing layer 330 can be a decorative layer for imparting an aesthetic effect and / or the outermost black matrix layer.

[0080] Another panel such as a touch panel or an optical film such as a polarizing film can be interposed between the display panel 100 and the window member 300. Since various structures and manufacturing methods regarding the panel or the optical film are well known in the art to which the present disclosure pertains, their detailed descriptions will be omitted.

[0081] Refer to Figure 3 , the display panel 100 can include a plurality of pixels PX. The plurality of pixels PX can be arranged in a matrix direction. The shape of each pixel PX can be a rectangular shape or a square shape in a plane, but is not limited thereto. The shape of each pixel PX can be a rhombus shape in which multiple sides are inclined with respect to the first direction DR1 respectively. Each pixel PX can include a light-emitting region. Each light-emitting region can have the same shape as the shape of the pixel PX, but can have a different shape from the shape of the pixel PX. For example, when the shape of the pixel PX is a rectangular shape, the light-emitting region of the corresponding pixel PX can have various shapes, such as a rectangular shape, a rhombus shape, a hexagonal shape, an octagonal shape, and a circular shape.

[0082] The edge of the display panel 100 can be bent based on multiple bending lines BL1 to BL4 to form a curved surface, or can be bent in the vertical direction. The first bending line BL1 can be positioned on the other side of the first direction DR1 of the display panel 100 and extend along the second direction DR2, the second bending line BL2 can be positioned on one side of the first direction DR1 of the display panel 100 and extend along the second direction DR2, the third bending line BL3 can be positioned on one side of the second direction DR2 of the display panel 100 and extend along the first direction DR1, and the fourth bending line BL4 can be positioned on the other side of the second direction DR2 of the display panel 100 and extend along the first direction DR1. The first bending line BL1 and the second bending line BL2 can extend parallel to each other, and the third bending line BL3 and the fourth bending line BL4 can extend parallel to each other. The first bending line BL1 and the second bending line BL2 can each intersect the third bending line BL3 and the fourth bending line BL4. For example, the first bending line BL1 and the second bending line BL2 can extend perpendicular to the third bending line BL3 and the fourth bending line BL4 respectively, but not limited to this.

[0083] The bending lines BL1 to BL4 can extend to intersect both the display area DA and the non-display area NA of the display device 1. As a result, not only the non-display area NA but also at least a part of the display area DA can be arranged at the side portion of the display device 1.

[0084] The bending lines BL1 to BL4 form intersection points with other bending lines that intersect each other. For example, the first bending line BL1 and the third bending line BL3 can form a first bending intersection point DBP1 near the corner located on the other side of the first direction DR1 and one side of the second direction DR2 of the display panel 100, the second bending line BL2 and the third bending line BL3 can form a second bending intersection point DBP2 near the corner located on one side of the first direction DR1 and one side of the second direction DR2 of the display panel 100, the first bending line BL1 and the fourth bending line BL4 can form a third bending intersection point DBP3 near the corner located on the other side of the first direction DR1 and the other side of the second direction DR2 of the display panel 100, and the second bending line BL2 and the fourth bending line BL4 can form a fourth bending intersection point DBP4 near the corner located on one side of the first direction DR1 and the other side of the second direction DR2 of the display panel 100.

[0085] The bending intersection points DBP1 to DBP4 can be positioned in the display panel 100. The bending intersection points DBP1 to DBP4 can be arranged in the non-display area NA. That is, since the bending intersection points DBP1 to DBP4 are positioned in the non-display area NA, when the display panel 100 is bent along the bending lines BL1 to BL4, some of the non-display area NA bends together at the corners of the display panel 100, whereby the screen ratio of the non-display area NA in the flat part can be reduced.

[0086] Meanwhile, since the display panel 100 is bent simultaneously at the bending intersection points DBP1 to DBP4 by two bending lines intersecting each other, the bending stress at the bending intersection points DBP1 to DBP4 can be greater than that in the area bent by one bending line. That is, the bending stress in the non-display area NA where the bending intersection points DBP1 to DBP4 are positioned can be greater than that in the non-display area NA where the bending intersection points DBP1 to DBP4 are not positioned.

[0087] In the display panel 100 according to an embodiment, the bending intersection points DBP1 to DBP4 are arranged in the non-display area NA, whereby the bending stress caused by double bending can be prevented from occurring in the display area DA of the display panel 100.

[0088] The display area DA and the non-display area NA are divided into a plurality of regions based on the bending lines BL1 to BL4. The display area DA may include first to fifth display areas DA1 to DA5 separated by the bending lines BL1 to BL4, and the non-display area NA may include first to eighth non-display areas NA1 to NA8 separated by the bending lines BL1 to BL4.

[0089] The first display area DA1 can be surrounded by the bending lines BL1 to BL4 and positioned at the central part of the display panel 100. The first display area DA1 can be positioned on the right side of the first bending line BL1, on the left side of the second bending line BL2, on the lower side of the third bending line BL3, and on the upper side of the fourth bending line BL4. The second display area DA2 can be positioned on the left side of the first bending line BL1 and can be physically connected to the first display area DA1 using the first bending line BL1 as a boundary. The third display area DA3 can be positioned on the right side of the second bending line BL2 and can be physically connected to the first display area DA1 using the second bending line BL2 as a boundary. The fourth display area DA4 can be positioned on the upper side of the third bending line BL3 and can be physically connected to the first display area DA1 using the third bending line BL3 as a boundary. The fifth display area DA5 can be positioned on the lower side of the fourth bending line BL4 and can be physically connected to the first display area DA1 using the fourth bending line BL4 as a boundary.

[0090] The first non-display area NA1 may be located on the other side of the first direction DR1 of the second display area DA2 and is spaced apart from the first display area DA1 by intervening the second display area DA2. The second non-display area NA2 may be located on one side of the first direction DR1 of the third display area DA3 and is spaced apart from the first display area DA1 by intervening the third display area DA3. The third non-display area NA3 may be located on one side of the second direction DR2 of the fourth display area DA4 and is spaced apart from the first display area DA1 by intervening the fourth display area DA4. And the fourth non-display area NA4 may be located on the other side of the second direction DR2 of the fifth display area DA5 and is spaced apart from the first display area DA1 by intervening the fifth display area DA5.

[0091] The fifth non-display area NA5 may physically connect the first non-display area NA1 and the third non-display area NA3, and may be located on the other side of the first direction DR1 of the first bending line BL1 and on one side of the second direction DR2 of the third bending line BL3, and is surrounded by the first bending line BL1, the third bending line BL3, and the corners at the other side of the first direction DR1 and one side of the second direction DR2 of the display panel 100.

[0092] The sixth non-display area NA6 may physically connect the second non-display area NA2 and the third non-display area NA3, and may be located on one side of the first direction DR1 of the second bending line BL2 and on one side of the second direction DR2 of the third bending line BL3, and is surrounded by the second bending line BL2, the third bending line BL3, and the corners at one side of the first direction DR1 and one side of the second direction DR2 of the display panel 100.

[0093] The seventh non-display area NA7 may physically connect the first non-display area NA1 and the fourth non-display area NA4, and may be located on the other side of the first direction DR1 of the first bending line BL1 and on the other side of the second direction DR2 of the fourth bending line BL4, and is surrounded by the first bending line BL1, the fourth bending line BL4, and the corners at the other side of the first direction DR1 and the other side of the second direction DR2 of the display panel 100.

[0094] The eighth non-display area NA8 may physically connect the second non-display area NA2 and the fourth non-display area NA4, and may be located on one side of the first direction DR1 of the second bending line BL2 and on the other side of the second direction DR2 of the fourth bending line BL4, and is surrounded by the second bending line BL2, the fourth bending line BL4, and the corners at one side of the first direction DR1 and the other side of the second direction DR2 of the display panel 100.

[0095] Although not shown, a pad region for external signal input may be further disposed at a short side of the lower side of the display panel 100. The pad region may be positioned at one side of the second direction DR2, rather than at the non-display region NA at the short side of the lower side of the display panel 100. Signal lines extending from the display region DA may be disposed in the pad region and may be electrically connected to external signal terminals (e.g., leads of a printed circuit board when chip on film is applied or bumps of a driving chip when chip on plastic is applied). Other bending lines may be further positioned between the pad region and the fourth non-display region NA4. These bending lines may extend in the first direction DR1. The inorganic insulating layer of the display panel 100, which will be described later, may be removed from the region defined by these bending lines, and a via layer including an organic material may be disposed in the region defined by these bending lines.

[0096] Referring to Figure 4 , the printed layer 330 of the window member 300 is disposed to overlap with the non-display region of the display panel 100. In Figure 4 , for convenience of description, a description will be given based on a corner portion at the other side of the first direction DR1 and one side of the second direction DR2 of the display panel 100. The following description may be applicable to other corner portions of the display panel 100.

[0097] The printed layer 330 may include an outer contour 330a adjacent to the outer contour of the display panel 100 and an inner contour 330b adjacent to the display regions DA1, DA2, and DA4 of the display panel 100. The outer contour 330a may overlap with the outer contour of the display panel 100 in the thickness direction, and the inner contour 330b may overlap with the boundary between the display regions DA1, DA2, and DA4 and the non-display regions NA1, NA3, and NA5 in the thickness direction.

[0098] The outer contour 330a of the printed layer 330 may include a first (1-1) portion 330a1 that overlaps with the outer contour of the first non-display region NA1 and extends in the second direction DR2, a first (1-2) portion 330a2 that overlaps with the outer contour of the third non-display region NA3 and extends in the first direction DR1, and a first (1-3) portion 330a3 that connects the first (1-1) portion 330a1 and the first (1-2) portion 330a2 and overlaps with the outer contour of the fifth non-display region NA5.

[0099] The inner contour 330b of the printed layer 330 may include a (2-1) portion 330b1 that overlaps with the inner contour of the first non-display area NA1 and extends along the second direction DR2, a (2-2) portion 330b2 that overlaps with the inner contour of the third non-display area NA3 and extends along the first direction DR1, and a (2-3) portion 330b3 that overlaps with the inner contour of the fifth non-display area NA5 and connects the (2-1) portion 330b1 and the (2-2) portion 330b2 to each other.

[0100] Each of the (1-1) portion 330a1 and the (2-1) portion 330b1 of the printed layer 330 may have a linear shape extending along the second direction DR2, and each of the (1-2) portion 330a2 and the (2-2) portion 330b2 may have a linear shape extending along the first direction DR1.

[0101] On the other hand, each of the (1-3) portion 330a3 and the (2-3) portion 330b3 of the printed layer 330 may have a locally curved shape having a predetermined curvature. The predetermined curvatures of the (1-3) portion 330a3 and the (2-3) portion 330b3 of the printed layer 330 may be different from each other, but are not limited thereto. The same curvature may be applied to the (1-3) portion 330a3 and the (2-3) portion 330b3 of the printed layer 330.

[0102] Each of the (1-3) portion 330a3 and the (2-3) portion 330b3 of the printed layer 330 may be formed with one curvature, but may be formed with multiple curvatures, and is not limited to one curvature.

[0103] As described above, the first bending line BL1 and the third bending line BL3 may extend to cross the display area and the non-display area of the display device 1 so that not only the non-display area but also at least a part of the display area may be disposed at the side portion of the display device 1. For this purpose, the first bending line BL1 is positioned on one side of the first non-display area NA1 of the display panel 100 in the first direction DR1 rather than at the inner contour, and at the same time, the third bending line BL3 is positioned on the other side of the third non-display area NA3 of the display panel 100 in the second direction DR2 rather than at the inner contour. At the same time, as described above, since the first bending intersection point DBP1 is disposed in the fifth non-display area NA5, on the plane as shown in Figure 4 the first bending intersection point DBP1 is positioned between the extension line of the inner contour of the first non-display area NA1, the extension line of the inner contour of the third non-display area NA3, and the (2-3) portion 330b3 of the printed layer 330.

[0104] Refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6, the edges of the display panel 100 can be bent or curved through the first bending line BL1 and the third bending line BL3. That is, the first non-display area NA1 and the second display area DA2 can be bent toward the other side of the third direction DR3 through the first bending line BL1 to form a first side portion, and the third non-display area NA3 and the fourth display area DA4 can be bent toward the other side of the third direction DR3 through the third bending line BL3 to form a third side portion. In addition, the fifth non-display area NA5 can be bent toward the other side of the third direction DR through the first bending line BL1 and the third bending line BL3 to form a fifth side portion.

[0105] Since the size of the fifth non-display area NA5 after bending becomes smaller than the size of the fifth non-display area NA5 before bending, as Figure 6 shown in the enlarged view, the fifth non-display area NA5 can partially protrude toward the outside of the display panel 100 and can have a concavo-convex shape that is recessed toward the inside. For this reason, the bending stress applied to the fifth non-display area NA5 during bending can be greater than the bending stress applied to other adjacent areas.

[0106] In addition, since the display panel 100 is bent simultaneously at the first bending intersection DBP1 through two bending lines BL1 and BL3 that cross each other, the bending stress at the first bending intersection DBP1 can be greater than the bending stress applied to the area bent through one bending line. In particular, the bending stress applied to the corresponding area where the first bending intersection DBP1 is located can cause cracks in the fifth non-display area NA5. In addition, the cracks generated in the fifth non-display area NA5 propagate to the areas adjacent to the fifth non-display area, for example, the first display area DA1, the second display area DA2, the fourth display area DA4, the first non-display area NA1, and the third non-display area NA3, thereby causing defects in the display device 1.

[0107] However, the display panel 100 according to an embodiment may include a crack propagation prevention pattern (see Figure 7 "CPP") disposed at the first bending intersection DBP1 to prevent the cracks generated in the fifth non-display area NA5 from propagating within the fifth non-display area NA5 or to the areas adjacent to the fifth non-display area NA5.

[0108] Figure 7 is a partially enlarged plan view showing a display panel according to an embodiment, Figure 8 is a circuit diagram showing an example of pixels of a display panel according to an embodiment, Figure 9 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a scan driving circuit of a display panel according to an embodiment, Figure 10 is a circuit diagram showing an example of an emission control driving circuit of a display panel according to an embodiment,Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XI-XI' of Figure 7 , and Figure 12 is a plan view showing the prevention of crack propagation of a crack propagation prevention pattern according to an embodiment. In Figure 7 and Figure 12 , for convenience of description, a corner portion at the other side of the first direction DR1 and one side of the second direction DR2 of the display panel 100 will be described. It will be apparent that the following description can be applied to other corner portions. Also, in Figure 11 is shown Figure 9 of the switching transistor S_ST.

[0109] Referring to Figures 7 to 12 [[ID=1۸]]the display areas DA1, DA2, and DA4 of the display panel 100 may include a plurality of pixel columns PX1, PX2, PX3, and PX4. Each of the pixel columns PX1, PX2, PX3, and PX4 may extend along the first direction DR1. Each of the pixel columns PX1, PX2, PX3, and PX4 may include pixels that emit their respective different colors. For example, each of the pixel columns PX1, PX2, PX3, and PX4 may include red pixels, green pixels, and blue pixels. The red pixels, green pixels, and blue pixels may be repeatedly arranged along the pixel column. In some embodiments, each of the pixel columns PX1, PX2, PX3, and PX4 may further include white pixels.

[0110] As Figure 7 shown, the pixels PX of the display areas DA1, DA2, and DA4 may be removed along the outer contour of the display areas DA1, DA2, and DA4, and thus may be arranged in a stepped shape. That is, the number of pixels PX arranged at the edges of the display areas DA1, DA2, and DA4 may generally increase toward the fourth display area DA4, the first display area DA1, and the second display area DA2.

[0111] The pixel PX may include a driving transistor DT, at least one switching transistor ST, a light emitting diode EL, and a capacitor Cst. Since the switching transistor ST is turned on when a scan signal is applied from the k-th (k is a positive integer) scan line SLk, the data voltage of the j-th (j is a positive integer) data line DLj may be applied to the gate electrode of the driving transistor DT. The gate electrode of the switching transistor ST may be connected to the k-th scan line SLk, its drain electrode may be connected to the gate electrode of the driving transistor DT, and its source electrode may be connected to the j-th data line DLj.

[0112] The driving transistor DT can emit light by supplying a driving current to the light-emitting diode EL in accordance with the data voltage applied to the gate electrode. The gate electrode of the driving transistor DT can be connected to the drain electrode of the switching transistor ST, its drain electrode can be connected to the first electrode of the light-emitting diode EL, and its source electrode can be connected to the first power supply line VDDL to which a first power supply voltage is applied.

[0113] The driving transistor DT and at least one switching transistor ST can be thin-film transistors. Moreover, although Figure 8 it is shown that the driving transistor DT and at least one switching transistor ST are formed of N-type semiconductor transistors having N-type semiconductor characteristics, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. That is, the driving transistor DT and at least one switching transistor ST can be formed of P-type semiconductor transistors having P-type semiconductor characteristics.

[0114] The light-emitting diode EL can emit light in accordance with the driving current of the driving transistor DT. The light-emitting diode EL can be an organic light-emitting diode including a first electrode, an organic light-emitting layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode of the light-emitting diode EL can be connected to the drain electrode of the driving transistor DT, and its second electrode can be connected to the second power supply line VSSL to which a second power supply voltage lower than the first power supply voltage is applied.

[0115] The capacitor Cst can be connected between the gate electrode and the source electrode of the driving transistor DT. For this reason, the capacitor Cst can be used to consistently hold the data voltage applied to the gate electrode of the driving transistor DT.

[0116] The non-display regions NA1 and NA5 of the display panel 100 can include a light-emission control driving circuit unit EMP arranged adjacent to the first display region DA1 and a scan driving circuit unit SCP arranged to be spaced apart from the first display region DA1 with the light-emission control driving circuit unit EMP intervening therebetween.

[0117] Although Figure 7 it is shown that the light-emission control driving circuit unit EMP and the scan driving circuit unit SCP are located in the first non-display region NA1 and the fifth non-display region NA5 of the display panel 100, this example is not limiting. The light-emission control driving circuit unit EMP and the scan driving circuit unit SCP can also be located in the second non-display region NA2 and the sixth non-display region NA6. In addition, the light-emission control driving circuit unit EMP and the scan driving circuit unit SCP can also be arranged in a part adjacent to the third non-display region NA3.

[0118] The scan driving circuit unit SCP includes a plurality of stages SC1 to SC4. The plurality of stages SC1 to SC4 are respectively connected to the scan lines of the respective pixel columns PX1, PX2, PX3, and PX4 and output scan signals to the scan lines. That is, the first stage SC1 can be connected to the first pixel column PX1, the second stage SC2 can be connected to the second pixel column PX2, the third stage SC3 can be connected to the third pixel column PX3, and the fourth stage SC4 can be connected to the fourth pixel column PX4. Although Figure 7 exemplarily only the first stage SC1 and the second stage SC2 are shown arranged in the fifth non-display area NA5, but it is not limited to this example, and three or more stages can be arranged in the fifth non-display area NA5.

[0119] Each of the plurality of stages SC1 to SC4, as Figure 9 shown, includes a pull-up node S_NQ, a pull-down node S_NQB, a pull-up transistor S_TU that conducts when the pull-up node S_NQ has a gate-on voltage, a pull-down transistor S_TD that conducts when the pull-down node S_NQB has a gate-on voltage, and a node controller S_NC for controlling the charging and discharging of the pull-up node S_NQ and the pull-down node S_NQB.

[0120] The node controller S_NC can be connected to a start terminal S_ST for inputting a start signal or an output signal of a previous stage, a reset terminal S_RT for inputting an output signal of a subsequent stage, a gate-on voltage terminal S_VGHT for applying a gate-on voltage, and a gate-off voltage terminal S_VGLT for applying a gate-off voltage. The node controller S_NC controls the charging and discharging of the pull-up node S_NQ and the pull-down node S_NQB in accordance with the start signal input to the start terminal S_ST or the output signal of the previous stage. When the pull-up node S_NQ has a gate-on voltage, the node controller S_NC causes the pull-down node S_NQB to have a gate-off voltage, and when the pull-down node S_NQB has a gate-on voltage, the node controller S_NC causes the pull-up node S_NQ to have a gate-off voltage, thereby stably controlling the outputs of the plurality of stages SC1 to SC4. To this end, the node controller S_NC can include a plurality of transistors.

[0121] When the plurality of stages SC1 to SC4 are pulled up (i.e., when the pull-up node S_NQ has a gate-on voltage), the pull-up transistor S_TU conducts, and thus outputs the clock signal input to the clock terminal S_CT to the output terminal S_OT. When the plurality of stages SC1 to SC4 are pulled down (for example, when the pull-down node S_NQB has a gate-on voltage), the pull-down transistor S_TD conducts, and thus outputs the gate-off voltage of the gate-off voltage terminal S_VGLT to the output terminal S_OT.

[0122] The plurality of transistors of the pull-up transistors S_TU, pull-down transistors S_TD, and node controllers S_NC of the multiple levels SC1 to SC4 can be formed of thin film transistors.

[0123] The light emission control drive circuit section EMP includes multiple levels EM1 to EM4. The multiple levels EM1 to EM4 are respectively connected to the light emission control lines of the pixel columns PX1, PX2, PX3, and PX4, and output light emission control signals to the light emission control lines.

[0124] That is, the first level EM1 can be connected to the first pixel column PX1, the second level EM2 can be connected to the second pixel column PX2, the third level EM3 can be connected to the third pixel column PX3, and the fourth level EM4 can be connected to the fourth pixel column PX4. Although Figure 7 exemplarily only the first level EM1 and the second level EM2 are shown arranged in the fifth non-display area NA5, it is not limited to this example, and three or more levels can be arranged in the fifth non-display area NA5.

[0125] Each of the multiple EM1 to EM4, as Figure 10 shown, includes a pull-up node E_NQ, a pull-down node E_NQB, a pull-up transistor E_TU that conducts when the pull-up node E_NQ has a gate conduction voltage, a pull-down transistor E_TD that conducts when the pull-down node E_NQB has a gate conduction voltage, and a node controller E_NC for controlling the charging and discharging of the pull-up node E_NQ and the pull-down node E_NQB.

[0126] The multiple levels EM1 to EM4 of the light emission control drive circuit section EMP can operate in substantially the same manner as the multiple levels SC1 to SC4 of the scan drive circuit section SCP, and the terminals E_ST, E_RT, E_VGHT, E_VGLT, and E_CT of the light emission control drive circuit section EMP and the terminals S_ST, S_RT, S_VGHT, S_VGLT, and S_CT of the scan drive circuit section SCP are distributively corresponding, and thus their detailed descriptions will be omitted.

[0127] The multiple levels EM1 to EM4 of the light emission control drive circuit section EMP and the multiple levels SC1 to SC4 of the scan drive circuit section SCP can generally be aligned and arranged in the direction facing the pixel PX. That is, the first level EM1 of the light emission control drive circuit section EMP and the first level SC1 of the scan drive circuit section SCP can be aligned with each other, the second level EM2 of the light emission control drive circuit section EMP and the second level SC2 of the scan drive circuit section SCP can be aligned with each other, the third level EM3 of the light emission control drive circuit section EMP and the third level SC3 of the scan drive circuit section SCP can be aligned with each other, and the fourth level EM4 of the light emission control drive circuit section EMP and the fourth level SC4 of the scan drive circuit section SCP can be aligned with each other.

[0128] Since, as described above, the bent shape is applied to the corner portion of the fifth non-display region NA5 of the display panel 100 according to one embodiment, the interval based on the contour extension direction between the mutually aligned stages of the light emission control drive circuit unit EMP and the scan drive circuit unit SCP positioned in the fifth non-display region NA5 may be greater than the interval based on the contour extension direction between the mutually aligned stages of the light emission control drive circuit unit EMP and the scan drive circuit unit SCP positioned in the first non-display region NA1. That is, the interval between the first stage EM1 and the second stage EM2 of the light emission control drive circuit unit EMP may be greater than the interval between the third stage EM3 and the fourth stage EM4 of the light emission control drive circuit unit EMP. Similarly, the interval between the first stage SC1 and the second stage SC2 of the scan drive circuit unit SCP may be greater than the interval between the third stage SC3 and the fourth stage SC4 of the scan drive circuit unit SCP.

[0129] In addition, the interval between the second stage EM2 and the third stage EM3 of the light emission control drive circuit unit EMP may be greater than the interval between the third stage EM3 and the fourth stage EM4 of the light emission control drive circuit unit EMP, and the interval between the second stage SC2 and the third stage SC3 of the scan drive circuit unit SCP may be greater than the interval between the third stage SC3 and the fourth stage SC4 of the scan drive circuit unit SCP.

[0130] The crack propagation prevention pattern CPP may be further disposed in the space where the first stage EM1 of the light emission control drive circuit unit EMP is spaced apart from the second stage EM2 and in the space where the first stage SC1 of the scan drive circuit unit SCP is spaced apart from the second stage SC2. The crack propagation prevention pattern CPP may include an organic material.

[0131] Since the first double-bending intersection point DBP1 is positioned in the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP, the crack generated due to the double bending may be absorbed by the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP or the propagation to at least an adjacent region may be weakened.

[0132] Refer to Figure 11, the display panel 100 may include a flexible substrate 101, a plurality of conductive layers, and a plurality of organic / inorganic insulating layers that insulate the plurality of conductive layers from each other. The organic insulating layer of the display panel 100 may include a first via layer, a second via layer, and a bank layer. The plurality of inorganic insulating layers, which will be described later, may include openings OP in regions overlapping with the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP.

[0133] The flexible substrate 101 is entirely disposed over the display area DA and the non-display area NA. The flexible substrate 101 can be used to support various elements disposed above it. The flexible substrate 101 may be a flexible substrate including a flexible material such as polyimide (PI).

[0134] The buffer layer 102 may be disposed on the flexible substrate 101. The buffer layer 102 can be used to prevent external water and oxygen from permeating through the flexible substrate 101. The buffer layer 102 may include a silicon nitride (SiN x ) film, a silicon oxide (SiO2) film, and a silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ) film, any one of them.

[0135] The semiconductor layer 105 may be disposed on the buffer layer 102. The semiconductor layer 105 forms the channel of the switching transistor ST. The semiconductor layer 105 may include source / drain regions and an active region. The semiconductor layer 105 may include, but is not limited to, polysilicon. The semiconductor layer 105 may include an oxide semiconductor.

[0136] The first insulating layer 111 may be disposed on the semiconductor layer 105. The first insulating layer 111 may be a gate insulating film having a gate insulating function. The first insulating layer 111 may include a silicon compound, a metal oxide, etc. For example, the first insulating layer 111 may include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide. These oxides may be used alone or in combination.

[0137] The first conductive layer may be disposed on the first insulating layer 111. The first conductive layer may include the gate electrode 121. Although not shown, the first electrode of the capacitor Cst may be further disposed in the same layer as the gate electrode 121. The gate electrode 121 may constitute the gate electrode of the switching transistor ST. The gate electrode 121 may include one or more metals selected from Mo, Al, Pt, Pd, Ag, Mg, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Ca, Ti, Ta, W, and Cu. The first conductive layer 120 may be a single film or a deposited film made of the above (multiple) materials.

[0138] The second insulating layer 112 may be disposed on the gate electrode 121. The second insulating layer 112 may insulate the gate electrode 121 from the source / drain electrodes 141 and 143.

[0139] Although not shown, a second conductive layer including a second electrode of the capacitor Cst may be disposed on the second insulating layer 112. The material of the second conductive layer may be selected from the materials exemplified above for the gate electrode 121. The first electrode of the capacitor Cst and the second electrode of the capacitor Cst may form a capacitor through the second insulating layer 112.

[0140] A third insulating layer 113 may be disposed on the second electrode of the capacitor Cst. The third insulating layer 113 may include at least one of the materials exemplified above for the first insulating layer 111. In some embodiments, the third insulating layer 113 may include an organic insulating material. The organic insulating material may be selected from the materials exemplified for the first via layer VIA1 to be described later.

[0141] A third conductive layer including source / drain electrodes 141 and 143 may be disposed on the third insulating layer 113. The source / drain electrodes 141 and 143 may include at least one of Mo, Al, Pt, Pd, Ag, Mg, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Ca, Ti, Ta, W, and Cu.

[0142] The source electrode 141 may be in electrical contact with the source region of the semiconductor layer 105 through a contact hole in the first insulating layer 111 to the third insulating layer 113, and the drain electrode 143 may be in electrical contact with the drain region of the semiconductor layer 105 through a contact hole in the first insulating layer 111 to the third insulating layer 113. Although not shown, the third conductive layer may further include a high-potential voltage electrode.

[0143] A second via layer VIA2 may be disposed on the source / drain electrodes 141 and 143. The second via layer VIA2 may include an organic insulating material. The organic insulating material may include at least one of polyacrylate resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyphenylene ether resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, and benzocyclobutene (BCB).

[0144] Although not shown, a fourth conductive layer may be disposed on the second via layer VIA2. The fourth conductive layer may include data lines, connection electrodes, and high-potential voltage lines. The data lines may be electrically connected to the source electrode 141 of the switching transistor ST through contact holes passing through the second via layer VIA2. The connection electrodes may be electrically connected to the drain electrode 143 of the switching transistor ST through contact holes passing through the second via layer VIA2. The high-potential voltage lines may be electrically connected to the high-potential voltage electrode through contact holes passing through the second via layer VIA2. The fourth conductive layer may include a material selected from the materials exemplified for the third conductive layer.

[0145] Although not shown, a third via layer is disposed on the fourth conductive layer. The third via layer may include at least one of the materials exemplified for the second via layer VIA2.

[0146] Although not shown, the anode is disposed on the third via layer. The anode can be electrically connected to the connection electrode through a contact hole passing through the third via layer.

[0147] The bank layer BANK can be disposed on the anode. The bank layer BANK can include contact holes exposing the anode. The bank layer BANK can be made of an organic insulating material. For example, the bank layer BANK can include at least one of photoresist, polyimide resin, acrylic resin, silicon compound, and polyacrylic resin.

[0148] The organic layer can be disposed on the upper surface of the anode and in the opening of the bank layer BANK. The cathode is disposed on the organic layer and the bank layer BANK. The cathode can be a common electrode disposed over a plurality of pixels. The encapsulation film is disposed on the cathode.

[0149] The display panel 100 according to one embodiment can include a buffer layer 102 and first to third insulating layers 111 to 113 in an opening OP exposing the upper surface of the flexible substrate 101 in a fifth non-display region NA, and a crack propagation prevention pattern CPP can be disposed in the opening OP. The opening OP can be disposed in a gap space between a first stage SC1 and a second stage SC2 adjacent to each other in a plane of the scan driving circuit unit SCP and in a gap space between a first stage EM1 and a second stage EM2 adjacent to each other in the light emission control driving circuit unit EMP. The crack propagation prevention pattern CPP can directly contact the exposed upper surface of the flexible substrate 101. The crack propagation prevention pattern CPP can include a first via layer VIA1. The first via layer VIA1 can be formed by the same process as the via layer disposed in a region defined by the above other bending lines of the display panel 100. The first via layer VIA1 can include at least one of the exemplary materials of the second via layer VIA2. The first via layer VIA1 can directly contact the upper surface of the flexible substrate 101.

[0150] The crack propagation prevention pattern CPP can further include a second via layer VIA2 disposed on the first via layer VIA1 and disposed in the opening OP, and a bank layer BANK disposed on the second via layer VIA2 and disposed in the opening OP.

[0151] The first via layer VIA1 can contact the exposed side surfaces of the adjacent inorganic insulating layers. For example, the first via layer VIA1 can contact the exposed side surfaces of the buffer layer 102 and the first to third insulating layers 111 to 113.

[0152] In a plane, the first bending intersection point DBP1 can be disposed in the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP.

[0153] As Figure 12As shown, the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP may be disposed in the opening OP where the inorganic insulating layer of the display panel 100 is exposed, and includes an organic material, whereby cracks generated in the fifth non-display area NA5 with a high risk of crack occurrence (in particular, cracks generated at the first bending intersection DBP1) can be prevented from spreading to the area adjacent to the fifth non-display area NA5.

[0154] In particular, since, in the plane, the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP can be disposed in the gap space between the first stage EM1 of the light emission control drive circuit unit EMP and the second stage EM2 of the light emission control drive circuit unit EMP, and in the gap space between the first stage SC1 of the scan drive circuit unit SCP and the second stage SC2 of the scan drive circuit unit SCP, even if cracks are generated in the first stage EM1 of the light emission control drive circuit unit EMP and the first stage SC1 of the scan drive circuit unit SCP, the generated cracks are prevented from spreading to the second stage EM2 of the light emission control drive circuit unit EMP and the second stage SC2 of the scan drive circuit unit SCP adjacent to the first stage EM1 and the first stage SC1, whereby defects of the display device 1 can be avoided in advance.

[0155] Hereinafter, other embodiments will be described. In the following embodiments, the same reference numerals will be given to the same elements as those described in the foregoing embodiments, and their descriptions will be omitted or briefly described.

[0156] Figure 13 and Figure 14 are cross-sectional views showing other embodiments according to Figure 11 the embodiments. ​ and ​ show various modifications that can be made to the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP according to an embodiment.

[0157] Referring to ​ , the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_1 according to the present embodiment is different from the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP of ​ in that it does not include the first via layer VIA1.

[0158] More specifically, the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_1 may include a second via layer VIA2 and a bank layer BANK disposed on the second via layer VIA2.

[0159] The second via layer VIA2 may directly contact the upper surface of the flexible substrate 101. The second via layer VIA2 may contact the exposed side surfaces of the adjacent inorganic insulating layers. For example, the second via layer VIA2 may contact the exposed side surfaces of the buffer layer 102 and the first insulating layer 111 to the third insulating layer 113.

[0160] On a plane, the first bending intersection DBP1 may be disposed inside the crack propagation preventing pattern CPP_1 .

[0161] The crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_1 may be arranged in the opening portion OP where the inorganic insulating layer of the display panel 100 is exposed, and may include an organic material, thereby preventing cracks generated in the fifth non-display area NA5 having a high risk of crack occurrence (particularly, cracks generated in the first bending intersection DBP1) from propagating to an area adjacent to the fifth non-display area NA5.

[0162] In particular, since the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_1 can be arranged in the gap space between the first level EM1 of the light emitting control driving circuit portion EMP and the second level EM2 of the light emitting control driving circuit portion EMP and in the gap space between the first level SC1 of the scan driving circuit portion SCP and the second level SC2 of the scan driving circuit portion SCP on a plane, even if a crack is generated in the first level EM1 of the light emitting control driving circuit portion EMP and the first level SC1 of the scan driving circuit portion SCP, the generated crack is prevented from propagating to the second level EM2 of the light emitting control driving circuit portion EMP and the second level SC2 of the scan driving circuit portion SCP adjacent to the first level EM1 and the first level SC1, thereby preventing defects of the display device 1 from being avoided in advance.

[0163] Reference ​ According to this embodiment, the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_2 is ​ The crack propagation prevention pattern CPP is different in that it further includes a third via layer VIA3 disposed between the second via layer VIA2 and the bank layer BANK.

[0164] ​ is a partially enlarged plan view showing a display panel according to another embodiment.

[0165] Reference ​ According to the display panel 100_1 of this embodiment, ​ The display panel 100 is different in that it further includes a crack propagation preventing pattern CPP_3 arranged between the second stage SC2 and the third stage SC3 of the scan driving circuit part SCP on a plane.

[0166] In more detail, the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_3 according to the present embodiment may be disposed between the second stage SC2 and the third stage SC3 of the scan driving circuit part SCP and also between the second stage EM2 and the third stage EM3 of the light emission control driving circuit part EMP.

[0167] The crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_3 may be disposed over the fifth non-display area NA5 and the first non-display area NA1 of the display panel 100_1. The cross-sectional shape of the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_3 may be any one of ​ , ​ and ​ exemplarily shown for the cross-sectional shape of the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP. The cross-sectional shape of the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_3 may be the same as the cross-sectional shape of the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP.

[0168] In the display panel 100_1 according to the present embodiment, the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_3 may be disposed between the second stage SC2 and the third stage SC3 of the scan driving circuit unit SCP, and may also be disposed between the second stage EM2 and the third stage EM3 of the light emission control driving circuit unit EMP, whereby the crack generated in the fifth non-display area NA5 can be prevented from propagating to the first non-display area NA1 adjacent to the fifth non-display area NA5 in advance.

[0169] ​ is a partially enlarged plan view showing a display panel according to another embodiment.

[0170] Referring to ​ , the crack propagation prevention patterns CPP_4 and CPP_5 of the display panel 100_2 according to the present embodiment are different from the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP of ​ in that the crack propagation prevention patterns CPP_4 and CPP_5 are arranged to be spaced apart from each other.

[0171] More specifically, the crack propagation prevention patterns CPP_4 and CPP_5 according to the present embodiment may be arranged to be spaced apart from each other in the direction facing the first display area DA1. That is, the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_4 may be disposed between the first stage SC1 and the second stage SC2 of the scan driving circuit unit SCP, and the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_5 may be disposed between the first stage EM1 and the second stage EM2 of the light emission control driving circuit unit EMP.

[0172] ​ is a partially enlarged plan view showing a display panel according to still another embodiment, and ​ is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XIX-XIX' of ​ .

[0173] Referring to ​ and ​ , the display panel 100_3 according to the present embodiment is different from the display panel 100 of ​ in that it further includes a crack induction pattern CIP located inside the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_6 in a plane.

[0174] More specifically, in the display panel 100_3 according to the present embodiment, a crack induction pattern CIP may be further disposed inside the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_6. That is, at least a part of the crack induction pattern CIP may be surrounded by the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_6 in a plane. For example, as ​ shown, the crack induction pattern CIP may be completely surrounded by the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_6 in a plane.

[0175] The crack induction pattern CIP may include a plurality of deposited inorganic insulating layers to induce cracks in a fifth non-display area NA5 where there is a high possibility of crack occurrence, and may be used to prevent cracks from being generated in other areas except the area where the crack induction pattern CIP is disposed. In addition, the crack induction pattern CIP may be completely surrounded by the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_6 in a plane, whereby cracks generated in the crack induction pattern CIP can be prevented from propagating to the peripheral area of the crack induction pattern CIP in advance.

[0176] As ​ shown, the crack induction pattern CIP may be disposed in a planar space surrounded by a first opening OP1 and a second opening OP2 of a plurality of deposited inorganic insulating layers. The buffer layer 102_1 may include a sub-buffer layer 102a between the first opening OP1 and the second opening OP2, the first insulating layer 111_1 may include a sub-first insulating layer 111a between the first opening OP1 and the second opening OP2, the second insulating layer 112_1 may include a sub-second insulating layer 112a between the first opening OP1 and the second opening OP2, and the third insulating layer 113_1 may include a sub-third insulating layer 113a between the first opening OP1 and the second opening OP2. The sub-buffer layer 102a, the sub-first insulating layer 111a, the sub-second insulating layer 112a, and the sub-third insulating layer 113a may constitute the crack induction pattern CIP. That is, the crack induction pattern CIP may include the sub-buffer layer 102a, the sub-first insulating layer 111a, the sub-second insulating layer 112a, and the sub-third insulating layer 113a.

[0177] The crack induction pattern CIP may not include an organic material. In the crack induction pattern CIP, the sub-buffer layer 102a, the sub-first insulating layer 111a, the sub-second insulating layer 112a, and the sub-third insulating layer 113a may directly contact the exposed side surface of the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_6. In some embodiments, any one of the sub-buffer layer 102a, the sub-first insulating layer 111a, the sub-second insulating layer 112a, and the sub-third insulating layer 113a may be removed or omitted.

[0178] ​ is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment according to an embodiment of ​ .

[0179] Referring to ​ , the crack-induced pattern CIPa is different from the crack-induced pattern CIP of ​ in that it further includes a plurality of deposited conductive layers.

[0180] More specifically, the first conductive layer may further include a sub-gate electrode 123, and the third conductive layer may further include a sub-source / drain electrode 145. The sub-gate electrode 123 may be disposed between the sub-first insulating layer 111a and the sub-second insulating layer 112a, and the sub-source / drain electrode 145 may be disposed on the sub-third insulating layer 113a.

[0181] In some embodiments, when the display panel further includes the second conductive layer as described above, the second conductive layer may further include a sub-capacitor second electrode constituting the crack-induced pattern CIPa, and the sub-capacitor second electrode may be further disposed between the sub-second insulating layer 112a and the sub-third insulating layer 113a.

[0182] In some embodiments, when the display panel further includes the fourth conductive layer as described above, the fourth conductive layer may further include a sub-connection electrode constituting the crack-induced pattern CIPa, and the sub-connection electrode may be further disposed on the sub-source / drain electrode 145.

[0183] ​ is a partially enlarged plan view showing a display panel according to another embodiment.

[0184] Referring to ​ , the display panel 100_4 according to the present embodiment is different from the display panel 100_3 of ​ in that it further includes a crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_7, and the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_7 is arranged in the region where the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_3 of ​ is arranged in the same manner as the crack propagation prevention pattern CPP_3 of ​ , and a crack-induced pattern CIP_1 is disposed therein in a planar manner.

[0185] ​ is a partially enlarged plan view showing a display panel according to still another embodiment.

[0186] Referring to ​ , the display panel 100_5 according to the present embodiment is different from the display panel 100_2 of ​ in that it includes crack-induced patterns CIP_2 and CIP_3 that are located inside the crack propagation prevention patterns CPP_8 and CPP_9 in a planar manner.

[0187] ​shows a planar layout of a display panel according to another embodiment, and ​ shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment according to ​ .

[0188] Referring to ​ and ​ , the display panel 100_6 of the display device 2 according to the present embodiment is different from the display panel 100 according to an embodiment in that it further includes alignment marks AMK1 to AMK4 for respective bending lines BL1 to BL4.

[0189] More specifically, the alignment marks AMK1 to AMK4 may be respectively arranged at the corner portions of the display panel 100_6. The alignment marks AMK1 to AMK4 may be respectively arranged at the intersection points of the bending lines BL1 to BL4. The first alignment mark AMK1 may be arranged at the intersection point of the first bending line BL1 and the third bending line BL3, the second alignment mark AMK2 may be arranged at the intersection point of the second bending line BL2 and the third bending line BL3, the third alignment mark AMK3 may be arranged at the intersection point of the first bending line BL1 and the fourth bending line BL4, and the fourth alignment mark AMK4 may be arranged at the intersection point of the second bending line BL2 and the fourth bending line BL4.

[0190] Each of the alignment marks AMK1 to AMK4 may include a plurality of deposited conductive patterns. In a plane, the deposited conductive patterns may be substantially equal to each other in size and may be arranged to overlap each other in a thickness direction. For example, as ​ shown in, the first conductive layer may include a first alignment conductive pattern 125, and the third conductive layer may include a second alignment conductive pattern 147. In a plane, the first alignment conductive pattern 125 and the second alignment conductive pattern 147 may be substantially equal to each other in size and may be arranged to overlap each other in a thickness direction. In some embodiments, the second conductive layer further includes a third alignment conductive pattern, in a plane, the third alignment conductive pattern is equal to the first alignment conductive pattern 125 in size and is arranged to overlap the first alignment conductive pattern 125 in a thickness direction, and the fourth conductive layer may further include a fourth alignment conductive pattern, in a plane, the fourth alignment conductive pattern is equal to the first alignment conductive pattern 125 in size and is arranged to overlap the first alignment conductive pattern 125 in a thickness direction. In this case, the respective alignment marks AMK1 to AMK4 may include the first alignment conductive pattern 125, the second alignment conductive pattern 147, the third alignment conductive pattern, and / or the fourth alignment conductive pattern.

[0191] ​ shows a planar layout of a display panel according to still another embodiment.

[0192] Referring to ​, the display panel 100_7 of the display device 3 is different from ​ the display panel 100_6 in that two alignment marks are arranged at respective corner portions of the display panel 100_7.

[0193] More specifically, each alignment mark may be arranged inside the display panel 100_7. For example, the (1-1) alignment mark AMK1_1 may be arranged to overlap with the first bending line BL1 and positioned on one side of the second direction DR2 of the third bending line BL3 rather than at the third bending line BL3. The (1-2) alignment mark AMK1_2 may be arranged to overlap with the third bending line BL3 and positioned on the other side of the first direction DR1 of the first bending line BL1 rather than at the first bending line BL1. The (2-1) alignment mark AMK2_1 may be arranged to overlap with the second bending line BL2 and positioned on one side of the second direction DR2 of the third bending line BL3 rather than at the third bending line BL3. The (2-2) alignment mark AMK2_2 may be arranged to overlap with the third bending line BL3 and positioned on one side of the first direction DR1 of the second bending line BL2 rather than at the second bending line BL2. The (3-1) alignment mark AMK3_1 may be arranged to overlap with the first bending line BL1 and positioned on the other side of the second direction DR2 of the fourth bending line BL4 rather than at the fourth bending line BL4. The (3-2) alignment mark AMK3_2 may be arranged to overlap with the fourth bending line BL4 and positioned on the other side of the first direction DR1 of the first bending line BL1 rather than at the first bending line BL1. The (4-1) alignment mark AMK4_1 may be arranged to overlap with the second bending line BL2 and positioned on the other side of the second direction DR2 of the fourth bending line BL4 rather than at the fourth bending line BL4. The (4-2) alignment mark AMK4_2 may be arranged to overlap with the fourth bending line BL4 and positioned on one side of the first direction DR1 of the second bending line BL2 rather than at the second bending line BL2.

[0194] ​ is a plan layout showing a display panel according to another embodiment.

[0195] Referring to ​ , in the display panel 100_8 of the display device 4 according to the present embodiment, the bending intersection points DBP1_1 to DBP4_1 of the bending lines BL1 to BL4 are formed outside the corner portions of the display panel 100_8.

[0196] More specifically, the respective alignment marks of the display panel 100_8 according to the present embodiment may be disposed inside the display panel 100_8. For example, the (1-4) alignment marks AMK1_4 may be disposed to overlap with the first bending line BL1 and positioned on the other side of the third bending line BL3 in the second direction DR2 instead of at the third bending line BL3. The (1-3) alignment marks AMK1_3 may be disposed to overlap with the third bending line BL3 and positioned on the side of the first bending line BL1 in the first direction DR1 instead of at the first bending line BL1. The (2-4) alignment marks AMK2_4 may be disposed to overlap with the second bending line BL2 and positioned on the other side of the third bending line BL3 in the second direction DR2 instead of at the third bending line BL3. The (2-3) alignment marks AMK2_3 may be disposed to overlap with the third bending line BL3 and positioned on the other side of the second bending line BL2 in the first direction DR1 instead of at the second bending line BL2. The (3-4) alignment marks AMK3_4 may be disposed to overlap with the first bending line BL1 and positioned on the side of the fourth bending line BL4 in the second direction DR2 instead of at the fourth bending line BL4. The (3-3) alignment marks AMK3_3 may be disposed to overlap with the fourth bending line BL4 and positioned on the side of the first bending line BL1 in the first direction DR1 instead of at the first bending line BL1. The (4-4) alignment marks AMK4_4 may be disposed to overlap with the second bending line BL2 and positioned on the side of the fourth bending line BL4 in the second direction DR2 instead of at the fourth bending line BL4. The (4-3) alignment marks AMK4_3 may be disposed to overlap with the fourth bending line BL4 and positioned on the other side of the second bending line BL2 in the first direction DR1 instead of at the second bending line BL2.

[0197] Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the specification. Therefore, the above embodiments should be construed in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.

Claims

1. A display device includes a display panel and a cover window. The display panel has at least one corner portion and includes a display area and a non-display area positioned in the periphery of the display area. The cover window is disposed on the display panel. Among them, The display panel includes: A flat portion; A first side portion that is bent in the thickness direction based on a first bending line extending in a first direction from a first side of the flat portion; A second side portion that is bent in the thickness direction based on a second bending line extending in a second direction crossing the first direction from a second side of the flat portion; and A third side portion that is surrounded by the at least one corner portion, the first bending line, and the second bending line, and is bent in the thickness direction based on the first bending line and the second bending line. The flat portion includes a first display area. The first side portion includes a first non-display area and a second display area disposed between the first non-display area and the first display area. The second side portion includes a second non-display area and a third display area disposed between the second non-display area and the first display area. The third side portion includes a third non-display area. Each of the first display area to the third display area includes a plurality of pixels. The intersection point of the first bending line and the second bending line is positioned in the third non-display area. The display panel includes a flexible substrate and a crack propagation prevention pattern disposed on the flexible substrate. The crack propagation prevention pattern includes a first organic layer that directly contacts the flexible substrate, and The intersection point is arranged to overlap with the crack propagation prevention pattern in the thickness direction. Wherein, each of the first non-display area and the third non-display area includes a plurality of scan driving circuits. The plurality of scan driving circuits are spaced apart from each other and are connected to the pixels of the display area adjacent to them. And the spacing distance between adjacent scan driving circuits in the third non-display area is greater than the spacing distance between adjacent scan driving circuits in the first non-display area.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The second non-display area includes a plurality of scan driving circuits. The plurality of scan driving circuits in the second non-display area are spaced apart from each other and are connected to the pixels of the display area adjacent to them.

3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein, The crack propagation prevention pattern is disposed in the gap space between adjacent scan driving circuits in the third non-display area in a plane.

4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein, Each of the first non-display area to the third non-display area includes a plurality of light emission control driving circuits. The plurality of light emission control driving circuits are spaced apart from each other and are connected to the pixels of the display area adjacent to them. And the spacing distance between adjacent light emission control driving circuits in the third non-display area is greater than the spacing distance between adjacent light emission control driving circuits in the first non-display area.

5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein, The scan driving circuits and the light emission control driving circuits connected to the same pixel are aligned in the direction facing the display area adjacent to them.

6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein, The crack propagation prevention pattern is also disposed in a gap space between adjacent light emission control driving circuits in the third non-display region on the plane.

7. The display device according to claim 3, wherein, The crack propagation prevention pattern is further disposed in a gap space between the scanning driving circuit in the third non-display region and the scanning driving circuit in the first non-display region adjacent to each other on the plane.

8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, The display panel includes a buffer layer disposed on the flexible substrate, a first insulating layer disposed on the buffer layer, and a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer, and the buffer layer, the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer include openings in a region overlapping with the crack propagation prevention pattern.

9. The display device according to claim 8, wherein, The crack propagation prevention pattern contacts exposed sides of the buffer layer, the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer.

10. The display device according to claim 8, wherein, The display panel further includes a second organic layer disposed on the second insulating layer and a third organic layer disposed on the second organic layer, and the crack propagation prevention pattern further includes the second organic layer and the third organic layer disposed to overlap with the first organic layer.

11. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, No inorganic material is disposed in a region overlapping with the crack propagation prevention pattern in the thickness direction.

12. A display device includes a display panel and a cover window. The display panel has at least one corner portion and includes a display region and non-display regions positioned at a periphery of the display region. The cover window is disposed on the display panel. Among them, The display panel includes: A flat portion; A first side portion bent in a thickness direction based on a first bending line extending in a first direction from a first side of the flat portion; A second side portion bent in the thickness direction based on a second bending line extending in a second direction crossing the first direction from a second side of the flat portion; and A third side portion surrounded by the at least one corner portion, the first bending line, and the second bending line and bent in the thickness direction based on the first bending line and the second bending line. The flat portion includes a first display region. The first side portion includes a first non-display region and a second display region disposed between the first non-display region and the first display region. The second side portion includes a second non-display region and a third display region disposed between the second non-display region and the first display region. The third side portion includes a third non-display region. Each of the first display region to the third display region includes a plurality of pixels. An intersection point of the first bending line and the second bending line is positioned in the third non-display region. The display panel includes a flexible substrate and a crack propagation prevention pattern disposed on the flexible substrate. The crack propagation prevention pattern includes a first organic layer directly contacting the flexible substrate. The intersection point is disposed to overlap with the crack propagation prevention pattern in the thickness direction. Wherein, the display panel further includes a crack induction pattern disposed on the flexible substrate and surrounded by the crack propagation prevention pattern on a plane, and the crack induction pattern includes at least one inorganic layer.

13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein, The crack-inducing pattern further includes at least one conductive layer.

14. The display device according to claim 12, wherein, The side surface of the crack-inducing pattern is in direct contact with the crack propagation prevention pattern.

15. A display device, comprising a display panel and a cover window, the display panel having at least one corner portion and including a display area and a non-display area positioned in the periphery of the display area, the cover window being disposed on the display panel, Among them, The display panel includes: A flat portion; A first side portion bent in the thickness direction based on a first bending line extending in a first direction from a first side of the flat portion; A second side portion bent in the thickness direction based on a second bending line extending in a second direction crossing the first direction from a second side of the flat portion; and A third side portion surrounded by the at least one corner portion, the first bending line, and the second bending line, and bent in the thickness direction based on the first bending line and the second bending line, The flat portion includes a first display area, The first side portion includes a first non-display area and a second display area disposed between the first non-display area and the first display area, The second side portion includes a second non-display area and a third display area disposed between the second non-display area and the first display area, The third side portion includes a third non-display area, The display panel includes a first alignment mark and a second alignment mark, the first alignment mark being disposed to overlap with the first bending line and disposed on the second side portion and the third side portion in a plane, the second alignment mark being disposed to overlap with the second bending line and disposed on the first side portion and the third side portion in the plane, The display panel includes a flexible substrate and a crack propagation prevention pattern disposed on the flexible substrate, the crack propagation prevention pattern including a first organic layer in direct contact with the flexible substrate, The intersection of the first bending line and the second bending line is disposed to overlap with the crack propagation prevention pattern in the thickness direction, and Each of the first non-display area and the third non-display area includes a plurality of scan driving circuits spaced apart from each other and connected to pixels of the display area adjacent to them, and the spacing distance between adjacent scan driving circuits in the third non-display area is greater than the spacing distance between adjacent scan driving circuits in the first non-display area.

16. The display device according to claim 15, wherein, The first alignment mark and the second alignment mark include a plurality of deposited conductive layers having the same size in the plane.

17. The display device according to claim 16, wherein, The first bending line and the second bending line respectively pass through the flat portion.

18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein, Each of the first alignment mark and the second alignment mark includes the intersection of the first bending line and the second bending line.

19. The display device according to claim 16, wherein The intersection of the first bending line and the second bending line is positioned outside the corner portion.

20. The display device according to claim 15, wherein, The display panel further includes: a fourth side portion bent in the thickness direction based on a third bending line extending in the first direction along a third side of the flat portion, and a fifth side portion bent in the thickness direction based on a fourth bending line extending in the second direction along a fourth side of the flat portion, the first bending line and the third bending line being parallel to each other, and the second bending line and the fourth bending line being parallel to each other.

Images