Small discrete battery box and its low-energy temperature management method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of small-sized discrete battery box and its low-energy consumption temperature management method, the battery box includes box and battery pack and temperature management unit;Temperature management unit includes gravity heat exhaust component and semiconductor refrigeration component and temperature control module;Temperature management unit is according to the adaptive regulation and control temperature according to battery operating environment temperature, when low temperature, utilize heating sheet heating, gravity heat exhaust is as temperature conducting medium and heat is horizontally transmitted to the battery pack on both sides to battery heating;When high temperature, start semiconductor refrigeration component, pass through the heat conduction performance of gravity heat exhaust and heat is transmitted from bottom to top to semiconductor refrigeration component, utilize semiconductor refrigeration component and the heat absorbed cooling that gravity heat exhaust transmits, battery temperature reduces;Battery box is provided with insulating interlayer, so that the heat of outside cannot be transmitted into inner box, ensure that battery pack is not affected by outside temperature when working, and system operating energy consumption greatly reduces, the safety of battery work is greatly promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery application technology, and in particular to a small discrete battery box and its low-energy-consumption temperature management method. Background Technology

[0002] Current energy storage battery applications integrate the battery, BMS, PCS, and EMS. This integrated solution, with all cells housed together, is prone to catastrophic combustion and explosion in the event of a fire, a problem that is difficult to solve. Furthermore, the cooling system needs to be running 24 / 7 to dissipate heat from the batteries and control components within the storage cabinet, resulting in significant energy consumption. Moreover, this integrated energy storage system is fixed and immobile, which is inconvenient for emerging battery leasing models that require easy product relocation. Therefore, future energy storage battery research and development must fully consider the integrated design of the battery's internal and external structures. Innovative structural developments can alleviate the cost and safety pressures faced by external systems. This is a crucial direction for future research in energy storage battery structural technology, with the goal of achieving "low cost, long lifespan, and high safety."

[0003] While the technology for heat dissipation in battery modules is relatively mature, there are still many problems in terms of energy consumption, structure, and heat dissipation effect that need to be further addressed.

[0004] Patent CN103199316B discloses a battery pack and its heat dissipation structure, which includes a semiconductor heat exchange device and two heat spreaders. The two heat spreaders are connected by heat pipes to form a "door"-shaped structure, with a PEC (Power Equipped Cell) placed at the top to form a heat dissipation system. In use, it is inserted into the battery pack to conduct heat away from the battery. This patent uses a homogeneous aluminum substrate with heating pipes to form the heat spreaders, and the need to connect them with heat pipes results in high manufacturing costs and inconvenient processing. Furthermore, heat spreader connection assemblies of different widths need to be custom-made according to the different widths of the batteries, resulting in low versatility.

[0005] Patent CN103715473A discloses a power battery thermal management system, specifically a battery cooling solution combining heat pipes, a semiconductor refrigeration component, and a liquid circulation device. The heat pipes are connected to the liquid circulation device, which transfers heat to the semiconductor refrigeration component, which then dissipates the heat. This solution is structurally complex, inconvenient to maintain, and costly. The numerous connection points between the multiple heat pipes and the liquid circulation device can easily lead to loose connections and increased thermal resistance.

[0006] Patent CN207602734U discloses a power battery thermal management system. The specific solution involves a single-layer cylindrical battery box, with the battery immersed in paraffin wax. Heat pipes and a semiconductor refrigeration component are used for auxiliary cooling. The interior of the box is equipped with an insulation layer and a fireproof layer. This solution involves inserting heat pipes into a phase change material (PCM), using the semiconductor refrigeration component to cool the PCM, thereby indirectly cooling the battery. Because the latent heat at the PCM's phase change temperature is very large, the semiconductor refrigeration component needs to operate for a long time to dissipate the heat absorbed by the PCM, resulting in high energy consumption and impacting the lifespan of the semiconductor refrigeration component.

[0007] Patent CN109841927A describes a thermal management device for electric vehicle power batteries suitable for cold regions. It involves placing the battery in a battery housing within an insulated enclosure, with a heat-absorbing part of a cooling device and a battery temperature detection element attached to the battery. During operation, the battery temperature detection element detects excessively high battery temperatures and activates the cooling device. The heat-absorbing part absorbs heat and transfers waste heat to a heat-dissipating part, which then dissipates the waste heat to the outside of the insulated enclosure. Conversely, when the battery temperature detection element detects excessively low temperatures, the cooling process stops, and the heat generated by the battery continues to accumulate within the insulated enclosure. However, this structure relies solely on the insulated enclosure for insulation in extremely cold regions. When the battery is not continuously operating, the enclosure temperature remains the same as the outside temperature. Therefore, it only addresses the issue of excessively high battery temperatures and fails to solve the problem of inoperability at low temperatures or when the battery is not operating continuously. Furthermore, this solution is only applicable to the thermal management of power batteries and is completely unsuitable for energy storage batteries.

[0008] Therefore, there are still some technical shortcomings in the current thermal management of batteries, especially in terms of heat dissipation, fire protection, and high energy consumption of energy storage batteries, which require further research and improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0009] One of the objectives of this invention is to provide a small, discrete battery box that achieves low-energy temperature management and is safe, energy-efficient, and highly effective.

[0010] The second objective of this invention is to provide a modular battery box, which is formed by combining small discrete battery boxes, making full use of the advantages of small discrete battery boxes, thereby achieving the purpose of large-capacity energy storage.

[0011] The third objective of this invention is to provide a low-energy-consumption temperature management method for discrete battery boxes, thereby achieving the goals of energy saving and consumption reduction for discrete battery boxes.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0013] A small discrete battery box includes a box body, the box body including an inner box and an outer box disposed outside the inner box, with an insulation layer formed between the inner box and the outer box; a battery pack is disposed inside the inner box, and a temperature management unit is disposed outside the inner box in the inner cavity of the outer box.

[0014] The temperature management unit includes a gravity heat exchanger assembly, a semiconductor refrigeration assembly, and a temperature control module; the gravity heat exchanger assembly and the semiconductor refrigeration assembly are electrically connected to the temperature control module respectively; the condensation end of the gravity heat exchanger assembly is connected to the semiconductor refrigeration assembly, the semiconductor refrigeration assembly is placed on the outside of the inner box, and the heat transfer end of the gravity heat exchanger assembly extends from one side of the inner box through the gap between adjacent battery packs to the other side of the inner box.

[0015] Further specifying, the gravity heat exchanger assembly includes a gravity heat exchanger and a heating element. The heating element is disposed between two gravity heat exchangers to form a sandwich structure. The heating element is connected to a temperature control module. The condenser end of the gravity heat exchanger is connected to a semiconductor refrigeration component. Heat is transferred to the battery pack through the heating element and the gravity heat exchanger. Alternatively, the heat from the battery pack can be transferred to the semiconductor refrigeration component using the gravity heat exchanger for cooling, thereby reducing the temperature of the battery pack.

[0016] Further specifying, the gravity heat exchanger is L-shaped, with its horizontal end being the condensation end connected to the semiconductor refrigeration component; and its vertical end being the heat transfer end, passing through the gap between the battery packs.

[0017] Further specifying, the inner cavity of the outer shell is provided with a gas collection chamber outside the inner box or outside the outer shell. The gas collection chamber is provided with a gas collection unit, which includes an adsorption layer and a collection layer stacked together. The gas collection unit collects and cools the vented gas from the inner box and then adsorbs it to achieve the purpose of preliminary purification.

[0018] Further specifying, the adsorption layer is one or more of ceramic balls, activated carbon, molecular sieves, adsorption resins, and graphite; the collection layer is a sealed gas collection bag or a high-combustion gas ignition assembly.

[0019] Further specified, a gap is reserved between the inner wall of the inner box and the battery pack to form an explosion venting channel; the explosion venting channel is connected to the air inlet of the gas collection chamber through a gas transmission pipe, so that the explosion venting gas can be discharged through the explosion venting channel.

[0020] Further specified, the inner cavity of the outer casing is provided with a heat dissipation cavity outside the inner box or outside the outer casing, the heat dissipation cavity is located between the inner box and the gas collection cavity, and the semiconductor cooling component is located inside the heat dissipation cavity; a waterproof and dustproof component is provided on the side wall of the heat dissipation cavity; the gas transmission pipe extends through the heat dissipation cavity to the gas collection cavity.

[0021] Furthermore, the housing is also provided with a connection control cavity, and a connection control component is provided inside the connection control cavity.

[0022] Further specified, the insulation interlayer is filled with insulation cotton, or a phase change material with a phase change temperature of 37°C, or ceramic balls or activated carbon.

[0023] Further defined, the battery pack includes multiple vertically arranged rows of batteries, with horizontally adjacent batteries placed back to back, and the two vertically arranged rows of batteries are separated by a gravity heat dissipation assembly, and the two adjacent batteries are separated by a partition.

[0024] Furthermore, the housing is mounted on a base, and multiple sets of rollers are provided below the base to facilitate on-site installation, relocation, and on-site maintenance.

[0025] This application also provides a modular battery box, which includes several of the above-mentioned small discrete battery boxes, and the small discrete battery boxes are connected to each other by cable terminals.

[0026] This application also provides a low-energy-consumption temperature management method for a discrete battery box, implemented using the aforementioned small discrete battery box, with the following specific steps:

[0027] 1) The insulation layer formed between the inner box and the outer box is used to insulate the inner box and isolate external heat radiation, so that external heat cannot be transferred into the inner box, ensuring that the battery pack is not affected by the external temperature when it is working.

[0028] 2) The temperature control module of the temperature management unit identifies the temperature of the battery pack inside the inner box. When the ambient temperature is lower than the set temperature value, the temperature control module activates the gravity heat dissipation component to start heating, so that the working ambient temperature of the battery pack reaches the set temperature value, and the insulation layer keeps the inner box warm. When the ambient temperature is higher than the set temperature value, the temperature control module activates the semiconductor cooling component. The gravity heat dissipation component transfers the heat released by the battery pack to the semiconductor cooling component and cools it through the semiconductor cooling component, so that the battery pack returns to the set temperature range.

[0029] Further specifying, step 2) specifically includes:

[0030] 2.1) The temperature control module of the temperature management unit identifies the temperature of the battery pack inside the inner box. When the ambient temperature is lower than the set temperature value, proceed to step 2.2); when the ambient temperature is higher than the set temperature value, proceed to step 2.3).

[0031] 2.2) The temperature control module starts the heating element of the gravity heat exchanger assembly to start heating. The gravity heat exchanger is used as a temperature conduction medium to transfer heat horizontally to the battery packs on both sides, so that the working environment temperature of the battery packs reaches the set temperature value. At the same time, the insulation layer keeps the inner box warm.

[0032] 2.3) The temperature control module activates the semiconductor cooling component. The high-energy heat released by the battery pack is transferred from bottom to top to the semiconductor cooling component through the thermal conductivity of the gravity heat exchanger. The semiconductor cooling component absorbs and cools the heat transferred by the gravity heat exchanger. After the condensate in the gravity heat exchanger cools down, it moves downward by gravity, repeatedly absorbs heat, and then transfers heat from bottom to top, so that the battery pack returns to the set temperature range. At the same time, the insulation layer keeps the inner box warm.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0034] 1) This invention fully utilizes the unique structure of the housing itself and the temperature management unit to form a temperature control system. The temperature management unit adaptively adjusts the temperature according to the battery's operating environment temperature. At low temperatures, heating elements are used for heating, and the gravity heat exchanger acts as a temperature conduction medium to horizontally transfer heat to the battery pack on both sides to heat the battery. At high temperatures, the semiconductor cooling component is activated. The heat is transferred from bottom to top to the semiconductor cooling component through the thermal conductivity of the gravity heat exchanger. The semiconductor cooling component absorbs and cools the heat transferred by the gravity heat exchanger, thereby reducing the battery temperature. During the temperature control process, the insulation layer is effectively used to insulate the inner housing, preventing external heat from being transferred into the inner housing. This ensures that the battery pack is not affected by the external temperature during operation, and the system's energy consumption is greatly reduced, while the safety of battery operation is significantly improved.

[0035] 2) The present invention is also equipped with a gas collection unit, which can adsorb and collect the high-temperature gas released by the battery explosion after air cooling, so as to avoid the release of some toxic and harmful gases and cause environmental pollution. At the same time, the effective collection of the explosion gas is conducive to the secondary utilization of the explosion gas and realizes resource treatment.

[0036] 3) The discrete battery box of the present invention can be used alone or in combination according to the usage scenario. It is also equipped with a connection control unit to achieve combined use, which can realize large-capacity energy storage and is flexible in application.

[0037] 4) The gravity heat exchanger assembly of the present invention sets the gravity heat exchanger and the heating element to form a sandwich structure. That is, the gravity heat exchanger achieves horizontal heating during heating and vertical heat transfer from bottom to top during cooling, thereby releasing the heat of the battery module. This not only saves installation space, but more importantly, it ensures uniform heat transfer and achieves uniform heating of the battery.

[0038] 5) This invention integrates functions such as heat dissipation, fire protection, and energy management, and each function can be operated independently to meet the requirements of battery safety, energy saving, and high efficiency of the battery box. It has considerable practical value for on-site safety and daily maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0039] For ease of explanation, the present invention will be described in detail by the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the battery box of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the battery box structure of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the battery pack and temperature management unit assembly of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature management component of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the gravity heat dissipation assembly of the present invention.

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Battery housing; 11-Front and rear panels; 12-Side panels; 13-Clamping plate; 14-Mounting plate; 15-Base; 16-Cast; 17-Baffle; 18-Explosion venting channel; 19-Insulation layer; 2-Temperature management unit; 21-Gravity heat dissipation assembly; 211-Gravity heat dissipation; 212-Semiconductor cooling assembly; 213-Heating element; 22-Heat dissipation cavity; 221-Waterproof louvers; 222-Dustproof assembly; 3-Connection control cavity; 4-Gas collection cavity; 5-Battery pack. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit this application; that is, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can typically be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0047] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] It should be noted that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that an apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to the apparatus.

[0049] The features and performance of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0050] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the small discrete battery box of this application includes a battery box body 1, a temperature management unit 2, and 5 battery packs. The box body 1 consists of three parts: an outer shell, an inner box, and a base 15. Figure 2 As shown, the outer shell consists of front and rear panels 11 and side panels 12 distributed on both sides. The front and rear panels 11 and the side panels 12 are fixedly connected to the base 15 by bolts. Sealing strips are installed at the connection gaps between the front and rear panels 11 and the side panels 12 to achieve a sealing effect. The inner box is also assembled from front and rear clamping plates 13, mounting plates 14 on the left and right sides, and a top end plate. The mounting plates 14 and clamping plates 13 are also fastened to the base 15 by screws at the lower end. Sealing strips are installed between the mounting plates 14 and clamping plates 13, and between the end plates and clamping plates 13 and mounting plates 14 to completely seal and isolate the inner box from the outer shell.

[0051] The inner and outer casings are bolted to the same base 15, with a certain gap between them forming an insulation layer 19 for heat insulation of the battery. Insulation material (such as insulating cotton, with aluminum foil on the surface to reflect external heat radiation) can also be added to the insulation layer 19 between the outer and inner casings; similarly, phase change materials (such as paraffin with high thermal conductivity, preferably a phase change temperature of 37°C) can be added to further assist in battery heat dissipation and insulation, thereby reducing the operating time of the temperature management unit 2. Similarly, sealing strips are installed between the inner and outer casings and the base 15 for sealing. To facilitate the movement and on-site installation of the battery box, casters 16 can also be provided on the base 15.

[0052] A battery pack 5 is installed inside the aforementioned inner casing, such as... Figure 3 As shown, battery pack 5 has 16 battery cells, which can be arranged in two vertical columns of 8×2, back to back. Inside the inner box, there are corresponding partitions 17 according to the number of batteries. The batteries are placed on the partitions 17, that is, horizontally adjacent batteries are placed back to back, and vertically adjacent batteries are separated by partitions 17. The partitions 17 are connected to the battery clamps 1313 by bolts.

[0053] It should be further noted that the number of battery cells placed inside the inner casing can be adjusted according to the size and specifications of the inner casing, and the placement can also be adjusted according to the actual situation. For example, the aforementioned 16 battery cells can be placed in a 4×4 arrangement, or in a 4×2×2 arrangement front and back. The placement of the battery cells is acceptable as long as it meets safety and is reasonable. To facilitate the connection of positive and negative cables, it is best to place adjacent rows back to back. A certain gap is left between the battery cells and the mounting plate 14 of the inner casing, which can serve as both wiring space and a gas venting channel 18.

[0054] A heat dissipation cavity 22 is partitioned above the inner end plate of the outer casing. Some components of the temperature management unit 2 are installed within this cavity. The temperature management unit 2 includes a gravity heat exchanger 211 assembly 21, a semiconductor cooling assembly 212, and a temperature control module. The gravity heat exchanger 211 assembly 21 and the semiconductor cooling assembly 212 are electrically connected to the temperature control module. The temperature control module can be integrated into the battery box's BMS system. Its main function is to identify the battery's operating environment temperature within the inner casing and to feed back the temperature signal to the controller to complete temperature regulation instructions. This part can be implemented using a conventional temperature control module. Referring to sections 2, 4, and 5, the semiconductor cooling assembly 212 is installed within the heat dissipation cavity 22 and is primarily used to cool the gravity heat exchanger 211 assembly 21. To maintain ventilation within the heat dissipation cavity 22, air inlet and outlet holes are opened on both side walls of the cavity 22, and waterproof louvers 221 and dustproof components 222 are respectively provided, ensuring airflow while also providing protection. The gravity heat exchanger 211 assembly 21 consists of a gravity heat exchanger 211 and a heating element 213. The heating element 213 is positioned between two gravity heat exchangers 211 to form a sandwich structure. The heating element 213 is made of aluminum alloy or other heat-conducting materials and is connected to a temperature control module, which can control its operation. The gravity heat exchanger 211 is L-shaped and has a sheet-like structure. Its horizontally mounted condensing end (i.e., the horizontal end) is fixedly connected to the bottom heat absorption plate of the semiconductor refrigeration assembly 212 through a fixed connector. The vertical heat transfer end (i.e., the vertical end) of the gravity heat exchanger 211 extends through the inner box end plate into the battery in the inner box. The heating element 213 is set in close contact with the vertical heat transfer end of the gravity heat exchanger 211 and together with the heat transfer end of the gravity heat exchanger 211, it passes through the vertical gap between the two battery packs 5 and extends to the bottom of the inner box. At the junction where the gravity heat exchanger 211 protrudes from the inner box end plate, the box 1 needs to be sealed using processes such as potting. When the connecting bolts between the inner box clamping plate 13, mounting plate, and partition plate 17 are tightened, the battery pack 5 will clamp the gravity heat exchanger 211 assembly 21 inserted into the battery, ensuring the battery's compression installation requirements.

[0055] Further explanation is needed: to ensure timely discharge of the explosion-proof gas from the inner chamber, a gas collection chamber 4 is added above the heat dissipation cavity 22 inside the outer shell. This gas collection chamber 4 is isolated into a sealed space by a partition 17. An air inlet is provided on the partition 17 at the bottom of the gas collection chamber 4, and this air inlet is connected to the explosion-proof channel 18 of the inner chamber through a gas transmission pipe. A gas collection unit is installed inside the gas collection chamber 4, which includes an adsorption layer and a collection layer. The adsorption layer is laid above the partition 17 and can use adsorption materials such as ceramic balls, activated carbon, molecular sieves, adsorption resins, and graphite to perform preliminary adsorption treatment of the explosion-proof gas and simultaneously provide some cooling. The collection layer can be a sealed rubber gas collection bag. A partition 17 can also be added above the adsorption layer, with an exhaust port on the partition 17, to guide the adsorbed gas into the collection layer for collection. When the gas volume reaches a certain amount, it can push out the top plate of the outer shell, achieving the purpose of explosion-proof warning.

[0056] It should be further noted that the aforementioned collection layer can also be ignited and released using a high-gas ignition assembly, which can be a commercially available ignition product. The purpose is to ignite and release the adsorbed and cooled venting gas, thereby achieving purification.

[0057] It should be further explained that the aforementioned outer shell cavity can also be isolated to connect to the control cavity 3, which is mainly used to install and connect devices such as busbars, external plugs, BMS, and inverter modules, and to connect the power and signal cables of the battery box to the outside.

[0058] It should be further explained that the gas collection chamber 4, heat dissipation chamber 22, and connection control chamber 3 described above can all be located inside the outer casing or outside the outer casing, as described in the above embodiments. Furthermore, the connection control chamber 3 can also be located on the base, its main purpose being to facilitate its function. The aforementioned small discrete battery boxes can also be combined using cables or two-pole connections to form a modular battery box, achieving large-capacity energy storage.

[0059] The above structure also illustrates that the heat dissipation, fire protection, and energy management of this small, discrete battery box can operate independently or collaboratively, while facilitating on-site safety control and daily maintenance. When the ambient temperature is low, the battery pack 5 itself is not hot, and the insulation layer 19 can maintain the battery temperature. At the same time, the heating element 213 in the temperature management unit 2 can be used to heat the battery. When the ambient temperature is high, when the battery itself slowly rises to a certain temperature, the semiconductor cooling component 212 is turned on to dissipate the heat generated by the battery, thereby ensuring that the battery operates within the specified temperature range.

[0060] Specifically, the aforementioned discrete battery box can also be used to implement a low-energy-consumption temperature management method, the specific implementation steps of which are as follows:

[0061] 1) The insulation layer 19 formed between the inner box and the outer box is used to insulate the inner box and isolate external heat radiation, so that external heat cannot be transferred into the inner box, ensuring that the battery pack 5 is not affected by the external temperature when it is working.

[0062] 2) The temperature control module of the temperature management unit 2 identifies the operating ambient temperature of the battery pack 5 inside the inner box. When the ambient temperature is lower than the set temperature value, the temperature control module activates the gravity heat exchanger 211 component 21 to start heating, so that the operating ambient temperature of the battery pack 5 reaches the set temperature value. The insulation layer 19 insulates the inner box, reducing the heating time of the gravity heat exchanger 211 component 21. When the ambient temperature is higher than the set temperature value, the temperature control module activates the semiconductor cooling component 212. The gravity heat exchanger 211 component 21 transfers the heat released by the battery pack 5 to the semiconductor cooling component 212 and cools it through the semiconductor cooling component 212, so that the battery pack 5 returns to the set temperature range. Specifically:

[0063] 2.1) The temperature control module of the temperature management unit 2 identifies the operating ambient temperature of the battery pack 5 inside the inner box. When the ambient temperature is lower than the set temperature value, proceed to step 2.2); when the ambient temperature is higher than the set temperature value, proceed to step 2.3).

[0064] 2.2) The temperature control module starts the heating element 213 of the gravity heat exchanger 211 component 21 to start heating. The gravity heat exchanger 211 is used as a temperature conduction medium to transfer heat horizontally to the battery packs 5 on both sides, so that the working environment temperature of the battery packs 5 reaches the set temperature value. At the same time, the insulation layer 19 insulates the inner box and reduces the heating time of the heating element 213.

[0065] 2.3) The temperature control module activates the semiconductor cooling component 212. The high-energy heat released by the battery pack 5 is transferred from bottom to top to the semiconductor cooling component 212 through the thermal conductivity of the gravity heat exchanger 211. The semiconductor cooling component 212 absorbs and cools the heat transferred by the gravity heat exchanger 211. After the condensate in the gravity heat exchanger 211 cools down, it moves downward by gravity and repeatedly absorbs heat and transfers heat from bottom to top, so that the battery pack 5 returns to the set temperature range. At the same time, the insulation layer 19 insulates the inner box, reducing the cooling working time of the semiconductor cooling component 212 and reducing energy consumption.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0067] As is known from common technical knowledge, this invention can be implemented through other embodiments that do not depart from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments described above are merely illustrative in all respects and are not the only ones. All modifications within the scope of this invention or its equivalents are included in this invention.

Claims

1. A small discrete battery box, comprising a box body, characterized in that: The enclosure includes an inner box and an outer shell disposed outside the inner box, with an insulation layer formed between the inner box and the outer shell; The inner box contains a battery pack, and a temperature management unit is located outside the inner box of the outer shell. The temperature management unit includes a gravity heat dissipation assembly, a semiconductor refrigeration assembly, and a temperature control module; The gravity heat exchanger assembly and the semiconductor refrigeration assembly are electrically connected to the temperature control module. The condenser end of the gravity heat exchanger assembly is connected to the semiconductor refrigeration assembly, which is located on the outside of the inner box. The heat transfer end of the gravity heat exchanger assembly extends from one side of the inner box through the gap between adjacent battery packs to the other side of the inner box. The gravity heat exchanger assembly includes a gravity heat exchanger and a heating element. The heating element is arranged between two gravity heat exchangers to form a sandwich structure. The heating element is connected to the temperature control module. The condenser end of the gravity heat exchanger is connected to the semiconductor refrigeration assembly. The gap between the inner wall of the inner box and the battery pack forms an explosion venting channel; the explosion venting channel is connected to the air inlet of the gas collection chamber through a gas transmission pipe; The outer shell cavity is provided with a gas collection chamber outside the inner box or outside the outer shell. The gas collection chamber is provided with a gas collection unit, which includes an adsorption layer and a collection layer stacked together. The outer shell cavity is provided with a heat dissipation cavity outside the inner box or outside the outer shell. The heat dissipation cavity is located between the inner box and the gas collection cavity. The semiconductor cooling component is located in the heat dissipation cavity. Waterproof and dustproof components are provided on the side wall of the heat dissipation cavity. The gas transmission pipe extends through the heat dissipation cavity to the gas collection cavity.

2. The small discrete battery box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gravity heat exchanger is L-shaped, with its horizontal end being the condensation end connected to the semiconductor refrigeration component; and its vertical end being the heat transfer end, passing through the gap between the battery packs.

3. The small discrete battery box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adsorption layer is one or more of ceramic balls, activated carbon, molecular sieves, adsorption resins, and graphite; the collection layer is a sealed gas collection bag or a high-combustion gas ignition assembly.

4. The small discrete battery box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing is also provided with a connection control cavity, and a connection control component is provided inside the connection control cavity.

5. The small discrete battery box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulation interlayer is filled with insulation cotton, phase change material with a phase change temperature of 37°C, ceramic balls, or activated carbon.

6. The small discrete battery box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack includes multiple vertically arranged rows of batteries, with horizontally adjacent batteries placed back to back, and the vertically arranged rows of batteries are separated by a gravity heat dissipation assembly, and adjacent batteries are separated by a partition.

7. The small discrete battery box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing is mounted on a base, and multiple sets of casters are located below the base.

8. A modular battery box, characterized in that, It includes several small discrete battery boxes as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the small discrete battery boxes are connected to each other via cable terminals.

9. A low-energy-consumption temperature management method for a discrete battery box, characterized in that: This is achieved by the small discrete battery box as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, and the specific steps are as follows: 1) The insulation layer formed between the inner box and the outer box is used to insulate the inner box and isolate external heat radiation, so that external heat cannot be transferred into the inner box, ensuring that the battery pack is not affected by the external temperature when it is working. 2) The temperature control module of the temperature management unit identifies the temperature of the battery pack body inside the inner box. When the ambient temperature is lower than the set temperature value, the temperature control module starts the gravity heat dissipation component to start heating, so that the working ambient temperature of the battery pack reaches the set temperature value, and the insulation layer keeps the inner box warm. When the ambient temperature is higher than the set temperature value, the temperature control module activates the semiconductor cooling component. The gravity heat dissipation component transfers the heat released by the battery pack to the semiconductor cooling component and cools it down, allowing the battery pack to return to the set temperature range.

10. The low-energy-consumption temperature management method for a discrete battery box according to claim 9, characterized in that: Step 2) specifically refers to: 2.1) The temperature control module of the temperature management unit identifies the temperature of the battery pack inside the inner box. When the ambient temperature is lower than the set temperature value, proceed to step 2.2); when the ambient temperature is higher than the set temperature value, proceed to step 2.3). 2.2) The temperature control module starts the heating element of the gravity heat exchanger assembly to start heating. The gravity heat exchanger is used as a temperature conduction medium to transfer heat horizontally to the battery packs on both sides, so that the working environment temperature of the battery packs reaches the set temperature value. At the same time, the insulation layer keeps the inner box warm. 2.3) The temperature control module activates the semiconductor cooling component. The high-energy heat released by the battery pack is transferred from bottom to top to the semiconductor cooling component through the thermal conductivity of the gravity heat exchanger. The semiconductor cooling component absorbs and cools the heat transferred by the gravity heat exchanger. After the condensate in the gravity heat exchanger cools down, it moves downward by gravity, repeatedly absorbs heat, and then transfers heat from bottom to top, so that the battery pack returns to the set temperature range. At the same time, the insulation layer keeps the inner box warm.

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