Method and apparatus for determining type of aquatic vegetation

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and device for determining the type of aquatic vegetation. The method includes determining whether the to-be-detected underlying surface is a water body; when the to-be-detected underlying surface is a water body, determining whether there is aquatic vegetation in the water body based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); when there is aquatic vegetation in the water body, obtaining the backscattering coefficient of the aquatic vegetation through microwave remote sensing; and determining the type of the aquatic vegetation based on the NDVI and the backscattering coefficient. The types of the aquatic vegetation include emergent plants, floating-leaved plants or submerged plants. By adding microwave remote sensing technology on the basis of optical remote sensing, both the three-dimensional information of the aquatic vegetation and the phenological and spectral characteristics of the aquatic vegetation can be considered, and accurate and efficient identification and determination of the type of aquatic vegetation can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vegetation determination, and in particular to a method and device for determining the type of aquatic vegetation. Background Art

[0002] Aquatic vegetation in rivers and lakes has always been the most concerned issue in academia and related management departments. It involves many aspects such as water environment, flora and fauna in rivers, etc. At present, due to the combined effects of human and natural factors, aquatic vegetation in rivers and lakes is constantly changing, and relevant managers do not have enough access to relevant information, which creates greater uncertainty for the management of water ecosystems and the prediction of water environment.

[0003] At present, my country mainly adopts the following methods to obtain aquatic vegetation types: first, through manual survey methods, identify different vegetation types and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics; second, through remote sensing (satellite or aerial data) combined with ground surveys to carry out manual interpretation; the third is to extract aquatic vegetation information through automatic classification or feature extraction methods. The problem with the first method is that it consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, and it is difficult to obtain dynamically; the problem with the second method is that it is difficult to carry out related work quickly and on a large scale because it relies too much on human subjective recognition ability through manual interpretation; the problem with the third method is that the current related model methods mainly rely on the spectral information of optical images for extraction, and it is difficult to effectively identify floating plants and emergent plants, so it often depends on prior knowledge.

[0004] Therefore, how to accurately and efficiently identify aquatic vegetation types has become a technical problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method and device for determining the type of aquatic vegetation, which are used to solve the defect of inaccurate identification of aquatic vegetation types in the prior art, so as to realize accurate and efficient identification of aquatic vegetation types.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation, comprising:

[0007] Determine whether the underlying surface to be detected is a water body;

[0008] When the underlying surface to be detected is a water body, determining whether there is aquatic vegetation in the water body based on the normalized difference vegetation index;

[0009] When there are aquatic vegetation in the water body, obtaining the backscattering coefficient of the aquatic vegetation by microwave remote sensing;

[0010] Based on the normalized vegetation index and the backscatter coefficient, the type of the aquatic vegetation is determined, and the type of the aquatic vegetation includes: emergent plants, floating leaf plants or submerged plants.

[0011] According to a method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation provided by the present invention, determining whether the underlying surface to be detected is a water body includes:

[0012] Determine the band of the remote sensing image of the underlying surface to be detected;

[0013] Determining an improved normalized water index based on the bands;

[0014] According to the improved normalized water body index, it is determined whether the underlying surface to be detected is a water body.

[0015] According to a method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation provided by the present invention, when it is determined that the number of bands of the remote sensing image of the underlying surface to be detected is 4, determining the improved normalized water index according to the bands includes:

[0016] Obtain the normalized vegetation index and normalized water index of the underlying surface to be detected;

[0017] According to the normalized vegetation index and the normalized water index, a water index is obtained as an improved normalized water index;

[0018] When it is determined that the bands of the remote sensing image of the underlying surface to be detected exceed 4, the improved normalized water index is determined according to the bands, including:

[0019] Determine an improved normalized water index based on the shortwave infrared band reflectance and the red light band reflectance; or,

[0020] The water body index is used as an improved normalized water body index.

[0021] According to a method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation provided by the present invention, the step of obtaining the normalized vegetation index and the normalized water index of the underlying surface to be detected includes:

[0022] Obtain the near-infrared band reflectivity and red band reflectivity of the underlying surface to be detected;

[0023] Based on a preset relationship, a normalized vegetation index is obtained according to the near-infrared band reflectivity and the red band reflectivity;

[0024] A normalized water index is obtained according to the red light band reflectivity and the near infrared band reflectivity.

[0025] According to a method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation provided by the present invention, the method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation based on the normalized vegetation index and the backscatter coefficient includes:

[0026] Determining an emergent plant identification index of the aquatic vegetation according to the backscatter coefficient;

[0027] If the emergent plant identification index is greater than or equal to a preset emergent plant index threshold, the aquatic vegetation is determined to be an emergent plant.

[0028] According to a method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation provided by the present invention, after determining the emergent plant identification index according to the backscattering coefficient, the method further includes:

[0029] If the emergent plant identification index is less than a preset emergent plant index threshold, determining the reflectance coefficient of the aquatic vegetation and the water vegetation difference index;

[0030] If the reflection coefficient is greater than or equal to a preset reflection coefficient threshold, or the water body vegetation difference index is greater than or equal to a preset water body vegetation difference index threshold, it is determined that the aquatic vegetation is a floating leaf plant.

[0031] According to a method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation provided by the present invention, after determining the reflectance coefficient of the aquatic vegetation and the water vegetation difference index, the method further includes:

[0032] determining a temperature difference index for the aquatic vegetation;

[0033] Determining a temperature-vegetation difference index according to the temperature difference index and the water body vegetation difference index;

[0034] If the water body vegetation difference index is less than the preset water body vegetation difference index threshold, or the temperature vegetation difference index is less than or equal to the preset temperature vegetation difference index threshold, the aquatic vegetation is determined to be a submerged plant.

[0035] According to a method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation provided by the present invention, determining the temperature difference index of the aquatic vegetation includes:

[0036] Get the air temperature when the image is collected;

[0037] Determine the mean of the air temperature in the time series acquired synchronously with the remote sensing image;

[0038] A temperature difference index of the aquatic vegetation is determined according to the air temperature and the air temperature mean.

[0039] According to a method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation provided by the present invention, after determining the type of the aquatic vegetation, the method further comprises:

[0040] Integrated classification of emergent plants, floating-leaved plants, and submerged plants;

[0041] Based on the results of the integrated classification, an aquatic vegetation type map is generated.

[0042] The present invention also provides a device for determining the type of aquatic vegetation, comprising:

[0043] A water body determination module is used to determine whether the underlying surface to be detected is a water body;

[0044] A vegetation determination module, used for determining whether there is aquatic vegetation in the water body based on the normalized vegetation index when the underlying surface to be detected is a water body;

[0045] A microwave remote sensing module, used for obtaining the backscatter coefficient of aquatic vegetation by microwave remote sensing when there is aquatic vegetation in the water body;

[0046] The type determination module is used to determine the type of the aquatic vegetation based on the normalized vegetation index and the backscatter coefficient, and the type of the aquatic vegetation includes: emergent plants, floating leaf plants or submerged plants.

[0047] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the steps of any of the above-mentioned methods for determining the type of aquatic vegetation are implemented.

[0048] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of any of the above-mentioned methods for determining the type of aquatic vegetation are implemented.

[0049] The present invention provides a method and device for determining the type of aquatic vegetation. The method determines whether a to-be-detected underlying surface is a water body; when the to-be-detected underlying surface is a water body, determines whether there is aquatic vegetation in the water body based on a normalized vegetation index; when there is aquatic vegetation in the water body, obtains the backscatter coefficient of the aquatic vegetation through microwave remote sensing; based on the normalized vegetation index and the backscatter coefficient, determines the type of the aquatic vegetation, the type of the aquatic vegetation includes: emergent plants, floating leaf plants or submerged plants, and by adding microwave remote sensing technology on the basis of optical remote sensing, it can take into account both the three-dimensional information of the aquatic vegetation and the phenological and spectral characteristics of the aquatic vegetation, and can realize accurate and efficient identification and determination of the type of aquatic vegetation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0051] Figure 1 This is one of the flow charts of the method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for determining the type of aquatic vegetation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Combine the following Figure 1-Figure 3 The method and device for determining the type of aquatic vegetation of the present invention are described.

[0056] Figure 1 This is one of the flow charts of the method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0058] 101. Determine whether the underlying surface to be tested is a water body.

[0059] Specifically, determining whether the underlying surface to be detected is a water body includes: determining the band of the remote sensing image of the underlying surface to be detected; determining the improved normalized water index according to the band; and determining whether the underlying surface to be detected is a water body according to the improved normalized water index. The bands of the remote sensing image are analyzed in two cases, one case is 4 bands, and the other case is more than 4 bands.

[0060] When there are only four bands, the normalized vegetation index NDVI and the normalized water index NDWI of the underlying surface to be detected are obtained; obtaining the normalized vegetation index of the underlying surface to be detected includes obtaining the near-infrared band reflectance R of the underlying surface to be detected. nir and red band reflectivity R r ; Based on the preset relationship, according to the near-infrared band reflectivity R nir and red band reflectivity R r , get the normalized vegetation index NDVI. The preset relationship is formula (1):

[0061]

[0062] In the formula, NDVI is the normalized difference vegetation index, R nir is the reflectivity in the near infrared band, R r is the reflectivity of the red band.

[0063] The normalized water index is obtained based on the red light band reflectance R g and near-infrared reflectivity R nir , the formula is as follows:

[0064]

[0065] In the formula, NDWI is the normalized difference vegetation index, R nir is the reflectivity in the near infrared band, R g is the reflectivity in the red light band.

[0066] Therefore, the normalized vegetation index NDVI and the normalized water index NDWI are calculated, and then the water index WI of the underlying surface to be detected is determined as the improved normalized water index according to the normalized vegetation index NDVI and the normalized water index NDWI, where the calculation process of WI is as shown in formula (3):

[0067] WI=NDVI-NDWI (3)

[0068] Where WI is the water index as the improved normalized water index.

[0069] Therefore, the improved normalized water index, namely WI, was determined when the remote sensing image was of four bands.

[0070] When the wavelength exceeds 4 bands, according to the red light band reflectivity R g and short-wave infrared reflectivity R swir , determine the improved normalized water index MNDWI, as shown in formula (4), or use the WI model to calculate the improved normalized water index.

[0071]

[0072] Where, MNDWI is the improved normalized water index, R swir is the short-wave infrared reflectivity, R g is the reflectivity in the red light band.

[0073] Therefore, the improved normalized water values ​​corresponding to the two bands are calculated respectively, and then the improved normalized water index is used to determine whether the underlying surface to be detected is a water body. 1 or WI≤a 2 When , the underlying surface to be detected is determined to be a water body, otherwise it is a non-water body, and then the non-water body is masked. 1 、a 2 To set the threshold, it can be determined manually based on specific data analysis, and ultimately it is determined whether the underlying surface to be detected is a water body.

[0074] 102. When the underlying surface to be detected is a water body, determine whether there is aquatic vegetation in the water body based on the normalized vegetation index.

[0075] When the underlying surface to be detected is determined to be a water body, the spatial range of the water body and the spatial distribution of the NDVI of the water body are obtained through the above steps. Then, the NDVI and the preset vegetation threshold a are determined. 3 The size of the vegetation threshold a is preset 3 is an artificially set value, and is determined based on actual conditions. To determine whether there is aquatic vegetation in the water body, formula (5) is used as follows:

[0076] NDVI≥a 3 (5)

[0077] When the conditions in (5) are met, it can be determined that the water body contains aquatic vegetation.

[0078] 103. When there is aquatic vegetation in the water body, the backscatter coefficient of the aquatic vegetation is obtained through microwave remote sensing.

[0079] When it is determined that there is aquatic vegetation in the water body, the microwave remote sensing band and its polarization mode covering the water body area are obtained, and the backscatter coefficient δ of the time series of the aquatic vegetation growth period is obtained. t .

[0080] 104. Based on the normalized vegetation index and the backscatter coefficient, determine the type of aquatic vegetation, which includes emergent plants, floating leaf plants or submerged plants.

[0081] Specifically, based on the normalized vegetation index and the backscatter coefficient, determining the type of aquatic vegetation includes: determining the emergent plant identification index BSI of the aquatic vegetation according to the backscatter coefficient; if the emergent plant identification index BSI is greater than or equal to a preset emergent plant index threshold b 1 , that is, BSI ≥ b 1 , then the aquatic vegetation is determined to be an emergent plant, otherwise it is a floating leaf plant or a submerged plant. The emergent plant identification index BSI of aquatic vegetation is determined according to formula (6), as follows:

[0082]

[0083] Where, BSI is the emergent plant identification index, δ i is the backscattering coefficient of microwave data of the time series of aquatic plant growth period; i is the i-th scene data of microwave remote sensing image of aquatic vegetation growth period involved in the calculation; n 1 is the number of scenes of remote sensing image; is the delta of the time series i Mean.

[0084] When it is determined that the aquatic vegetation is not an emergent plant, that is, the emergent plant identification index BSI is less than the preset emergent plant index threshold b 1 When the reflectance RFI of aquatic vegetation and the water vegetation difference index VVI are determined i ; If the reflection coefficient RFI is greater than or equal to the preset reflection coefficient threshold c 1 , that is, formula (7), or water vegetation difference index VVI i Greater than or equal to the preset water vegetation difference index threshold c 2 , that is, formula (8), then the aquatic vegetation is determined to be floating leaf plants, and the premise for executing formulas (7) and (8) is that NDVI ≥ a 3 , and BSI<b 1 .

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] When the conditions of the above formulas (7) and (8) are not met, the temperature difference index TVI of aquatic vegetation is determined as i ; Based on the temperature difference index TVI i and water vegetation difference index VVI i , determine the temperature vegetation difference index DFI; if the water vegetation difference index VVI i Less than the preset water vegetation difference index threshold c 2 , that is, formula (9); or the temperature vegetation difference index DFI is less than or equal to the preset temperature vegetation difference index threshold c3 , that is, formula (10); then the aquatic vegetation is determined to be submerged plants, where the premise for executing (9) and (10) is that NDVI ≥ a 3 , and BSI<b 1 .

[0088]

[0089] DFI=VVI i -TVI i ≤c 3 (10)

[0090] Where VVI i is the water vegetation difference index, DFI is the temperature-vegetation difference index, TVI is i is the temperature difference index.

[0091] The temperature difference index TVI of aquatic vegetation is determined by i , including: obtaining the air temperature T when the image is collected i ; Determine the mean air temperature of the time series acquired synchronously with the remote sensing image It can be the mean air temperature obtained by the ground meteorological station. According to the air temperature and the mean air temperature, the temperature difference index TVI of aquatic vegetation is determined. i , as shown in formula (11):

[0092]

[0093] Therefore, after calculation through the above formula, the specific vegetation type of the aquatic vegetation is determined, and it is determined whether the specific vegetation type of the aquatic vegetation is an emergent plant, a floating leaf plant or a specific submerged plant, wherein the submerged plant may include submerged plants and algae.

[0094] A method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation provided by an embodiment of the present invention determines whether a to-be-detected underlying surface is a water body; when the to-be-detected underlying surface is a water body, determines whether there is aquatic vegetation in the water body based on a normalized vegetation index; when there is aquatic vegetation in the water body, obtains a backscatter coefficient of the aquatic vegetation through microwave remote sensing; based on the normalized vegetation index and the backscatter coefficient, determines the type of the aquatic vegetation, the type of the aquatic vegetation includes: emergent plants, floating leaf plants or submerged plants, by adding microwave remote sensing technology on the basis of optical remote sensing, it can take into account both the three-dimensional information of the aquatic vegetation and the phenological and spectral characteristics of the aquatic vegetation, and can achieve accurate and efficient identification and determination of the type of aquatic vegetation.

[0095] Furthermore, based on the above-mentioned embodiment, after determining the type of aquatic vegetation, this embodiment also includes: integrating and classifying emergent plants, floating-leaf plants and submerged plants; generating an aquatic vegetation type map based on the results of the integrated classification, so that the specific aquatic vegetation type can be understood more intuitively.

[0096] By combining the advantages of microwave remote sensing and optical remote sensing technology, we take into account both the three-dimensional information of emergent vegetation and its changing characteristics, as well as the phenological and spectral characteristics of aquatic vegetation. When managing aquatic vegetation and water environment in rivers and lakes, we can more accurately and quickly identify aquatic vegetation types based on full consideration of the changing characteristics of the backscattering coefficient and optical water index of emergent vegetation, floating leaf vegetation and submerged vegetation.

[0097] Based on the same general inventive concept, the present application also protects a device for determining the type of aquatic vegetation. The device for determining the type of aquatic vegetation provided by the present invention is described below, and the device for determining the type of aquatic vegetation described below and the method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation described above can be referred to each other.

[0098] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for determining the type of aquatic vegetation provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0099] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a device for determining the type of aquatic vegetation, including:

[0100] A water body determination module 10 is used to determine whether the underlying surface to be detected is a water body;

[0101] The vegetation determination module 20 is used to determine whether there is aquatic vegetation in the water body based on the normalized vegetation index when the underlying surface to be detected is a water body;

[0102] The microwave remote sensing module 30 is used to obtain the backscattering coefficient of the aquatic vegetation by microwave remote sensing when there is aquatic vegetation in the water body;

[0103] The type determination module 40 is used to determine the type of the aquatic vegetation based on the normalized vegetation index and the backscatter coefficient. The type of the aquatic vegetation includes: emergent plants, floating leaf plants or submerged plants.

[0104] An embodiment of the present invention provides a device for determining the type of aquatic vegetation. The device determines whether a to-be-detected underlying surface is a water body. When the to-be-detected underlying surface is a water body, the device determines whether there is aquatic vegetation in the water body based on a normalized vegetation index. When there is aquatic vegetation in the water body, the device obtains a backscatter coefficient of the aquatic vegetation through microwave remote sensing. The device determines the type of aquatic vegetation based on the normalized vegetation index and the backscatter coefficient. The types of aquatic vegetation include emergent plants, floating-leaf plants, or submerged plants. By adding microwave remote sensing technology to optical remote sensing, the device can take into account both the three-dimensional information of aquatic vegetation and the phenological and spectral characteristics of aquatic vegetation, thereby realizing accurate and efficient identification and determination of aquatic vegetation types.

[0105] Furthermore, the water body determination module 10 in this embodiment is specifically used for:

[0106] Determine the band of the remote sensing image of the underlying surface to be detected;

[0107] According to the bands, an improved normalized water index is determined;

[0108] According to the improved normalized water body index, it is determined whether the underlying surface to be detected is a water body.

[0109] Furthermore, the water body determination module 10 in this embodiment is specifically used for:

[0110] When it is determined that the number of bands of the remote sensing image of the underlying surface to be detected is 4, the improved normalized water index is determined according to the bands, including:

[0111] Obtain the normalized vegetation index and normalized water index of the underlying surface to be detected;

[0112] According to the normalized vegetation index and the normalized water index, a water index is obtained as an improved normalized water index;

[0113] When it is determined that the bands of the remote sensing image of the underlying surface to be detected exceed 4, the improved normalized water index is determined according to the bands, including:

[0114] Determine an improved normalized water index based on the shortwave infrared band reflectance and the red light band reflectance; or,

[0115] The water body index is used as an improved normalized water body index.

[0116] Furthermore, the water body determination module in this embodiment is also specifically used for:

[0117] Obtain the near-infrared band reflectivity and red band reflectivity of the underlying surface to be detected;

[0118] Based on a preset relationship, a normalized vegetation index is obtained according to the near-infrared band reflectivity and the red band reflectivity;

[0119] A normalized water index is obtained according to the red light band reflectivity and the near infrared band reflectivity.

[0120] Furthermore, the type determination module 40 in this embodiment is specifically used to:

[0121] According to the backscatter coefficient, the emergent plant identification index of aquatic vegetation is determined;

[0122] If the emergent plant identification index is greater than or equal to a preset emergent plant index threshold, the aquatic vegetation is determined to be an emergent plant.

[0123] Furthermore, the type determination module 40 in this embodiment is further configured to:

[0124] If the emergent plant identification index is less than the preset emergent plant index threshold, the reflectance coefficient of the aquatic vegetation and the water vegetation difference index are determined;

[0125] If the reflection coefficient is greater than or equal to a preset reflection coefficient threshold, or the water body vegetation difference index is greater than or equal to a preset water body vegetation difference index threshold, the aquatic vegetation is determined to be a floating leaf plant.

[0126] Furthermore, the type determination module 40 in this embodiment is further configured to:

[0127] Determine the temperature difference index for aquatic vegetation;

[0128] Determine the temperature vegetation difference index based on the temperature difference index and the water vegetation difference index;

[0129] If the water body vegetation difference index is less than a preset water body vegetation difference index threshold, or the temperature vegetation difference index is less than or equal to a preset temperature vegetation difference index threshold, the aquatic vegetation is determined to be a submerged plant.

[0130] Furthermore, the type determination module 40 in this embodiment is further configured to:

[0131] Get the air temperature when the image is collected;

[0132] Determine the mean of the air temperature in the time series acquired synchronously with the remote sensing image;

[0133] Based on the air temperature and the mean air temperature, the temperature difference index of aquatic vegetation is determined.

[0134] Furthermore, in this embodiment, an integrated classification module is also included, which is used to:

[0135] Integrated classification of emergent plants, floating-leaved plants, and submerged plants;

[0136] Based on the results of the integrated classification, a map of aquatic vegetation types is generated.

[0137] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0138] like Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 310, a communication interface 320, a memory 330 and a communication bus 340, wherein the processor 310, the communication interface 320 and the memory 330 complete mutual communication through the communication bus 340. The processor 310 may call the logic instructions in the memory 330 to execute the method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation, the method comprising: determining whether the underlying surface to be detected is a water body; when the underlying surface to be detected is a water body, determining whether there is aquatic vegetation in the water body based on the normalized vegetation index; when there is aquatic vegetation in the water body, obtaining the backscatter coefficient of the aquatic vegetation through microwave remote sensing; based on the normalized vegetation index and the backscatter coefficient, determining the type of the aquatic vegetation, the type of the aquatic vegetation includes: emergent plants, floating leaf plants or submerged plants.

[0139] In addition, the logic instructions in the above-mentioned memory 330 can be implemented in the form of a software functional unit and can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium when it is sold or used as an independent product. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0140] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program includes program instructions. When the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer can execute the method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation provided by the above methods, and the method includes: determining whether the underlying surface to be detected is a water body; when the underlying surface to be detected is a water body, determining whether there is aquatic vegetation in the water body based on the normalized vegetation index; when there is aquatic vegetation in the water body, obtaining the backscatter coefficient of the aquatic vegetation through microwave remote sensing; based on the normalized vegetation index and the backscatter coefficient, determining the type of the aquatic vegetation, and the type of aquatic vegetation includes: emergent plants, floating leaf plants or submerged plants.

[0141] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, is implemented to execute the above-mentioned methods for determining the type of aquatic vegetation, the methods comprising: determining whether the underlying surface to be detected is a water body; when the underlying surface to be detected is a water body, determining whether there is aquatic vegetation in the water body based on the normalized vegetation index; when there is aquatic vegetation in the water body, acquiring the backscatter coefficient of the aquatic vegetation through microwave remote sensing; based on the normalized vegetation index and the backscatter coefficient, determining the type of the aquatic vegetation, the types of aquatic vegetation including: emergent plants, floating leaf plants or submerged plants.

[0142] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without paying creative labor.

[0143] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each implementation method can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solution is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a disk, an optical disk, etc., including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiments.

[0144] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation, characterized in that, comprising: Determining whether the underlying surface to be detected is a water body; When the underlying surface to be detected is a water body, determining whether there is aquatic vegetation in the water body based on the normalized difference vegetation index; When there is aquatic vegetation in the water body, obtaining the backscattering coefficient of the aquatic vegetation by microwave remote sensing; Based on the normalized difference vegetation index and the backscattering coefficient, determining the type of the aquatic vegetation, and the types of the aquatic vegetation include: emergent plants, floating-leaved plants or submerged plants; The determining the type of the aquatic vegetation based on the normalized difference vegetation index and the backscattering coefficient includes: Determining the emergent plant recognition index of the aquatic vegetation according to the backscattering coefficient; If the emergent plant recognition index is greater than or equal to a preset emergent plant index threshold, determining that the aquatic vegetation is an emergent plant, otherwise it is a floating-leaved plant or a submerged plant; The emergent plant recognition index is determined according to the following formula: In the formula, BSI is the emergent plant recognition index, δ i is the backscattering coefficient of microwave data in the time series of the growth period of aquatic plants; i is the i-th scene data of the microwave remote sensing image of the growth period of aquatic vegetation participating in the calculation; n 1 is the number of scenes of the remote sensing image; is the mean value of δ i in the time series; After determining the emergent plant recognition index of the aquatic vegetation according to the backscattering coefficient, it further includes: If the emergent plant recognition index is less than the preset emergent plant index threshold, determining the reflection coefficient and the water body vegetation difference index of the aquatic vegetation; If the reflection coefficient is greater than or equal to a preset reflection coefficient threshold, or the water body vegetation difference index is greater than or equal to a preset water body vegetation difference index threshold, determining that the aquatic vegetation is a floating-leaved plant; After determining the reflection coefficient and the water body vegetation difference index of the aquatic vegetation, it further includes: Determining the temperature difference index of the aquatic vegetation; Determining the temperature vegetation difference index according to the temperature difference index and the water body vegetation difference index; If the water body vegetation difference index is less than the preset water body vegetation difference index threshold, or the temperature vegetation difference index is less than or equal to a preset temperature vegetation difference index threshold, determining that the aquatic vegetation is a submerged plant.

2. The method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determining whether the underlying surface to be detected is a water body includes: Determining the bands of the remote sensing image of the underlying surface to be detected; Determining the improved normalized difference water index according to the bands; Determining whether the underlying surface to be detected is a water body according to the improved normalized difference water index.

3. The method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation according to claim 2, characterized in that, When it is determined that the number of bands of the remote sensing image of the underlying surface to be detected is 4, the determining the improved normalized difference water index according to the bands includes: Obtaining the normalized difference vegetation index and the normalized difference water index of the underlying surface to be detected; Obtaining a water index as the improved normalized difference water index according to the normalized difference vegetation index and the normalized difference water index; When it is determined that the number of bands of the remote sensing image of the underlying surface to be detected exceeds 4, the determining the improved normalized difference water index according to the bands includes: Determining the improved normalized difference water index according to the short-wave infrared band reflectance and the red band reflectance; or, Using the water index as the improved normalized difference water index.

4. The method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation according to claim 3, wherein, the obtaining of the normalized difference vegetation index and the normalized difference water index of the to-be-detected underlying surface includes: obtaining the near-infrared band reflectance and the red band reflectance of the to-be-detected underlying surface; based on a preset relationship, obtaining the normalized difference vegetation index according to the near-infrared band reflectance and the red band reflectance; obtaining the normalized difference water index according to the red band reflectance and the near-infrared band reflectance.

5. The method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation according to claim 1, wherein, the determining of the temperature difference index of the aquatic vegetation includes: obtaining the air temperature at the time of image acquisition; determining the average value of the air temperature of the time series obtained synchronously with the remote sensing image; determining the temperature difference index of the aquatic vegetation according to the air temperature and the average value of the air temperature.

6. The method for determining the type of aquatic vegetation according to claim 1, wherein, after determining the type of the aquatic vegetation, it further includes: integrating and classifying emergent plants, floating-leaved plants and submerged plants; generating a map of the type of aquatic vegetation according to the result of the integrated classification.

7. An apparatus for determining the type of aquatic vegetation, wherein, it includes: a water body determination module for determining whether the to-be-detected underlying surface is a water body; a vegetation determination module for determining whether there is aquatic vegetation in the water body based on the normalized difference vegetation index when the to-be-detected underlying surface is a water body; a microwave remote sensing module for obtaining the backscattering coefficient of the aquatic vegetation by microwave remote sensing when there is aquatic vegetation in the water body; a type determination module for determining the type of the aquatic vegetation based on the normalized difference vegetation index and the backscattering coefficient, and the type of the aquatic vegetation includes: emergent plants, floating-leaved plants or submerged plants; the determining of the type of the aquatic vegetation based on the normalized difference vegetation index and the backscattering coefficient includes: determining the emergent plant recognition index of the aquatic vegetation according to the backscattering coefficient; if the emergent plant recognition index is greater than or equal to a preset emergent plant index threshold, determining that the aquatic vegetation is an emergent plant, otherwise it is a floating-leaved plant or a submerged plant; the emergent plant recognition index is determined according to the following formula: In the formula, BSI is the emergent plant recognition index, and δ i is the backscattering coefficient of microwave data in the time series of the growth period of aquatic plants; i is the i-th scene data of the microwave remote sensing image of the growth period of aquatic vegetation participating in the calculation; n 1 is the number of scenes of the remote sensing image; is the mean value of δ i in the time series; after determining the emergent plant recognition index according to the backscattering coefficient, it further includes: if the emergent plant recognition index is less than the preset emergent plant index threshold, determining the reflection coefficient and the water body-vegetation difference index of the aquatic vegetation; if the reflection coefficient is greater than or equal to a preset reflection coefficient threshold, or the water body-vegetation difference index is greater than or equal to a preset water body-vegetation difference index threshold, determining that the aquatic vegetation is a floating-leaved plant; after determining the reflection coefficient and the water body-vegetation difference index of the aquatic vegetation, it further includes: determining the temperature difference index of the aquatic vegetation; determining the temperature-vegetation difference index according to the temperature difference index and the water body-vegetation difference index. If the water body vegetation difference index is less than the preset water body vegetation difference index threshold, or the temperature vegetation difference index is less than or equal to the preset temperature vegetation difference index threshold, then it is determined that the aquatic vegetation is a submerged plant.

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