Vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology, construction method and application

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of vaccine management technology, and discloses a method for constructing a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology. It adopts a consortium chain architecture, a group combined with a node hybrid mode, and determines the business architecture, hardware architecture, software architecture, and data docking interface scheme to construct a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology. The present invention is based on blockchain + trusted traceability technology, which can enable all parties involved in the process of vaccine approval, production, circulation, vaccination, etc. to "go on the chain", track and record the information of each transaction link throughout the process, and construct a traceable and safe vaccination credit system through the five codes of vaccine identification code + cold chain equipment code + recipient code + vaccination unit code + vaccination doctor code. The construction of the "blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system of the present invention realizes reliable source, non-tamperability, full-process supervision, human-seedling association, code scanning vaccination, and trusted traceability, providing protection for public health.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of vaccine management, and in particular to a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology, a construction method and an application. Background Art

[0002] At present, in recent years, all parts of the country have taken the protection and improvement of people's livelihood and the benefit of the health of the general public as the starting point, established a coordinated and standardized and orderly promotion of the construction of national health informationization, and successively established vaccine management systems. There are strict management systems for the inventory and circulation of vaccines from procurement, distribution and circulation, cold chain storage, vaccination and other links, and there are dedicated personnel responsible for handover and record keeping. Vaccine certificates, batch release certificates, etc. are also managed by dedicated personnel. However, records such as vaccine circulation and vaccine batch numbers are mainly based on scanning codes or manual registration and manual handover. There are problems such as vaccine safety and information falsification caused by objective omissions and subjective cover-ups by personnel. As a result, vaccine safety incidents occur frequently, and there is an urgent need to build a fully traceable and trustworthy system for vaccines and cold chains.

[0003] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the existing technology are: there are many circulation links for existing vaccines, information is not transparent, the efficiency of immunization terminal inventory management is low, vaccination statistics are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and there is no relevant system or method for management traceability.

[0004] The difficulty of solving the above problems and defects is:

[0005] Previously, vaccines were divided into production, operation and circulation, and vaccination. Currently, there are only two stages: production and vaccination, which are managed by the State Food and Drug Administration and the National Health Commission respectively. Each has relevant information management. After the vaccine manufacturer transports the drugs to the vaccination unit, the traceability chain is broken, and the subsequent whereabouts of the drugs are unclear, making it impossible to trace the entire vaccine process.

[0006] The significance of solving the above problems and defects is:

[0007] Based on blockchain technology, all parties involved in the vaccine approval, production, circulation, and vaccination processes can be put on the chain, and the information of each transaction link can be tracked and recorded throughout the process. Through the five codes of vaccine identification code + cold chain equipment code + recipient code + vaccination unit code + vaccination doctor code, a joint code can be constructed to build a traceable and safe vaccination credit system, achieving reliable source, non-tamperable, full-process supervision, human-vaccine association, code scanning vaccination, and credible traceability. When a problem occurs in a certain link, it can be accurately located and quickly traced, which facilitates vaccine supervision and provides protection for public health. Summary of the invention

[0008] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for constructing a trusted vaccine traceability system based on blockchain technology.

[0009] The present invention is implemented as follows: a method for constructing a vaccine credible traceability system based on blockchain technology, the method for constructing a vaccine credible traceability system based on blockchain technology comprising:

[0010] Adopting the alliance chain architecture and the group combined with node hybrid mode, the business architecture, hardware architecture, software architecture and data docking interface solutions are determined to build a trusted vaccine traceability system based on blockchain technology.

[0011] Furthermore, the method for constructing a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology includes the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Use a one-host-multiple-side model to build a 3-2-3 three-layer system architecture; build blockchain as the underlying infrastructure, and use blockchain encryption algorithms, consensus mechanisms and other technologies to upload the entire process data to the chain;

[0013] Step 2: Use the alliance chain architecture as the technical architecture for vaccine traceability scenarios, using a group + node hybrid model;

[0014] Step three: Provide a node access mechanism so that each node can join the network only after being authorized.

[0015] Furthermore, the 3-2-3 three-layer system architecture includes:

[0016] 3 sub-platforms, namely, the immunization program platform basic service sub-platform, the immunization program platform data collection sub-platform, and the immunization program application sub-platform;

[0017] 2 business system standards, namely, the immunization program public service system and the immunization program application and supervision system;

[0018] 3 business support systems, namely standard specification system, security assurance system, and operation and maintenance management system

[0019] Furthermore, the full process information includes information on manufacturers, disease control centers, transportation, and seedling vaccinators.

[0020] Furthermore, the group+node hybrid mode includes:

[0021] It adopts a point-to-point network architecture with light nodes, full nodes and super nodes; the vaccine production enterprise group is defined as a full node + light node mode, the provincial, municipal and county CDC groups are defined as a full node mode, the cold chain transportation group is defined as a full node + light node mode, the grassroots vaccination unit group is defined as a full node + light node mode, and the regulatory agency group is defined as a super node.

[0022] Furthermore, the method for constructing a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology also includes:

[0023] (1) Build the alliance chain management subsystem: Build the blockchain automation deployment function: Build the blockchain system by adding alliance, organization, node, and chain code information;

[0024] (2) Construct the blockchain browser and message forwarding subsystem, user authority subsystem, and external interface management subsystem.

[0025] Another object of the present invention is to provide a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology constructed using the vaccine trusted traceability system construction method based on blockchain technology, and the vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology includes: a resource layer, a blockchain layer, a service layer, an interface layer, and an application layer.

[0026] Furthermore, the vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology also includes:

[0027] Alliance chain management subsystem, used for progress query, statistical information display, node monitoring, and alliance management;

[0028] Blockchain browser, used for information search on blockchain, basic information display on blockchain, and block information management;

[0029] Message forwarding subsystem, used for block data forwarding, channel data forwarding, monitoring data forwarding, and chain code data forwarding;

[0030] User authority subsystem, used for user management, role management, and resource management;

[0031] The external interface management subsystem is used to provide data chain storage, query and other basic data docking function interface management.

[0032] Furthermore, the vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology further includes:

[0033] Light nodes allow querying block data within the group and writing data to the chain. Block data only contains result data and does not synchronize all process data.

[0034] Full nodes allow querying block data within the group and writing data to the chain. Block data contains all process data and result data.

[0035] Super nodes are allowed to view all block data of the alliance chain and write data to the chain. The block data contains all process and result data.

[0036] Another object of the present invention is to provide a vaccine trusted traceability method based on blockchain technology applied to the vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology, the vaccine trusted traceability method based on blockchain technology comprising:

[0037] The vaccine product manufacturers, entrusted distribution companies, Disease Prevention and Control Centers, vaccination units, vaccinated children and other relevant information will be fully recorded through the blockchain, and the timestamp, location, temperature and other dynamic information during the vaccine circulation process will be written into the blockchain, so that the entire vaccine process can be traced, the data source is reliable, and the regulator can conduct penetrating supervision.

[0038] Furthermore, the vaccine trusted traceability method based on blockchain technology also includes:

[0039] Record the information of each transaction link of vaccine approval, production, circulation, and vaccination, and use the five codes of vaccine identification code + cold chain equipment code + recipient code + vaccination unit code + vaccination doctor code to form a joint code to build a traceable safe vaccination credit system for vaccine traceability.

[0040] Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of the vaccine trusted traceability method based on blockchain technology in the full traceability and trusted system of vaccines and cold chains.

[0041] Combining all the above technical solutions, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0042] The technology of the present invention combines blockchain technology with vaccine trusted traceability. It is a technical solution that does not rely on a third party and uses its own distributed nodes to store, verify, transmit and communicate network data on various vaccine states. It has the characteristics of decentralization, openness, independence, security and anonymity. The blockchain can record the entire process of value transfer (transaction) completely and "unalterably", which can solve the problem of data recording and the credibility of the transaction process.

[0043] The present invention constructs a "blockchain +" vaccine traceability system, accelerates the deep integration of medical health and the Internet, innovates service forms and improves service efficiency.

[0044] The present invention is based on the "blockchain +" trusted traceability technology, which can enable all relevant parties in the vaccine approval, production, circulation, vaccination and other processes to be "on the chain", track and record the information of each transaction link throughout the entire process, and use the five codes of vaccine identification code + cold chain equipment code + recipient code + vaccination unit code + vaccination doctor code to form a joint code to build a traceable and safe vaccination credit system.

[0045] The construction of the "blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system of the present invention realizes reliable source, non-tamperability, full-process supervision, human-vaccine association, code scanning vaccination, and trusted traceability, providing protection for public health.

[0046] This invention introduces blockchain into the trusted traceability of vaccines, and actively promotes the establishment of an information-based traceability system covering the entire process of vaccine production, circulation and vaccination, so as to achieve traceability of all vaccines throughout the entire process, ensure that the source can be checked, the destination can be traced, and the responsibility can be investigated, thereby improving the level and efficiency of vaccine supervision and effectively ensuring the quality and safety of vaccines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for constructing a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of closed-loop management of seedling traceability provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 3 This is the overall architecture diagram of the “blockchain +” vaccine traceability provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 4 This is a blockchain architecture design diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 5 This is a node design diagram of the entire “blockchain+” vaccine traceability system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 6 This is the blockchain system architecture design diagram of the "blockchain +" vaccine traceability system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the system technical architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the front-end and back-end architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the input terminal architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the application layer architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of a privacy architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Fig.12 This is a basic vaccine information diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Fig.13 This is a vaccine delivery note information diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Fig.14 This is a vaccine warehousing information diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Fig.15 This is a vaccine release information diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0063] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for constructing a trusted vaccine traceability system based on blockchain technology. The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0064] The method for constructing a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0065] Adopting the alliance chain architecture and the group combined with node hybrid mode, the business architecture, hardware architecture, software architecture and data docking interface solutions are determined to build a trusted vaccine traceability system based on blockchain technology.

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for constructing a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0067] S101 adopts a one-host-multiple-side model to build a 3-2-3 three-layer system architecture; builds blockchain as the underlying infrastructure, and uses blockchain encryption algorithms, consensus mechanisms and other technologies to upload full-process data to the chain;

[0068] S102, adopts the alliance chain architecture as the technical architecture for vaccine traceability scenarios, and adopts a group + node hybrid mode;

[0069] S103, providing a node admission mechanism so that each node can join the network only after being authorized.

[0070] The 3-2-3 three-layer system architecture provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0071] 3 sub-platforms, namely, the immunization program platform basic service sub-platform, the immunization program platform data collection sub-platform, and the immunization program application sub-platform;

[0072] 2 business system standards, namely, the immunization program public service system and the immunization program application and supervision system;

[0073] 3 business support systems, namely standard specification system, security assurance system, and operation and maintenance management system

[0074] The full-process information provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes information on manufacturers, disease control centers, transportation, and seedling vaccinators.

[0075] The group+node hybrid mode provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0076] It adopts a point-to-point network architecture with light nodes, full nodes and super nodes; the vaccine production enterprise group is defined as a full node + light node mode, the provincial, municipal and county CDC groups are defined as a full node mode, the cold chain transportation group is defined as a full node + light node mode, the grassroots vaccination unit group is defined as a full node + light node mode, and the regulatory agency group is defined as a super node.

[0077] The method for constructing a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention also includes:

[0078] (1) Build the alliance chain management subsystem: Build the blockchain automation deployment function: Build the blockchain system by adding alliance, organization, node, and chain code information;

[0079] (2) Construct the blockchain browser and message forwarding subsystem, user authority subsystem, and external interface management subsystem.

[0080] The vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: a resource layer, a blockchain layer, a service layer, an interface layer, and an application layer.

[0081] The vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology provided by the embodiment of the present invention also includes:

[0082] Alliance chain management subsystem, used for progress query, statistical information display, node monitoring, and alliance management;

[0083] Blockchain browser, used for information search on blockchain, basic information display on blockchain, and block information management;

[0084] Message forwarding subsystem, used for block data forwarding, channel data forwarding, monitoring data forwarding, and chain code data forwarding;

[0085] User authority subsystem, used for user management, role management, and resource management;

[0086] The external interface management subsystem is used to provide data chain storage, query and other basic data docking function interface management.

[0087] The vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes:

[0088] Light nodes allow querying block data within the group and writing data to the chain. Block data only contains result data and does not synchronize all process data.

[0089] Full nodes allow querying block data within the group and writing data to the chain. Block data contains all process data and result data;

[0090] Super nodes are allowed to view all block data of the alliance chain and write data to the chain. The block data contains all process and result data.

[0091] The vaccine trusted traceability method based on blockchain technology provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0092] The vaccine product manufacturers, entrusted distribution companies, Disease Prevention and Control Centers, vaccination units, vaccinated children and other relevant information will be fully recorded through the blockchain, and the timestamp, location, temperature and other dynamic information during the vaccine circulation process will be written into the blockchain, so that the entire vaccine process can be traced, the data source is reliable, and the regulator can conduct penetrating supervision.

[0093] The vaccine trusted traceability method based on blockchain technology provided by the embodiment of the present invention also includes:

[0094] Record the information of each transaction link of vaccine approval, production, circulation, and vaccination, and use the five codes of vaccine identification code + cold chain equipment code + recipient code + vaccination unit code + vaccination doctor code to form a joint code to build a traceable safe vaccination credit system for vaccine traceability.

[0095] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0096] Embodiment 1:

[0097] 1. System construction

[0098] 1.1 Construction Objectives

[0099] Blockchain technology can be applied to many fields and has broad application prospects. It uses the core technical characteristics of blockchain such as distributed ledger, non-tamperability, and timestamp to ensure the real-time sharing, authenticity, and traceability of vaccine and cold chain data. The information of vaccine manufacturers, circulation process, cold chain storage, and vaccination records is encrypted and uploaded to the chain to realize the specific responsibility, make management smarter and more efficient, and achieve the purpose of national participation in supervision. Through the construction of the system, the public can grasp the vaccination time in advance through mobile terminals, realize appointment vaccination services, arrive at the vaccination clinic within the agreed time, and greatly shorten the waiting time on site. Through the mobile phone, you can also query the detailed and complete vaccine and vaccination information of yourself and your children in real time, and you can grasp the source and circulation of each vaccination in a timely manner, so that you can feel more at ease.

[0100] 1.2 Business Requirements

[0101] Blockchain itself has the characteristics of decentralization and immutability. Based on blockchain technology, all parties involved in the vaccine approval, production, circulation, and vaccination processes can be "chained" to track and record the information of each transaction link throughout the process. Through the five codes of vaccine identification code + cold chain equipment code + recipient code + vaccination unit code + vaccination doctor code, a joint code is constructed to build a traceable and safe vaccination credit system, achieving reliable source, immutability, full-process supervision, human-vaccine association, scanning code vaccination, and credible traceability. When a problem occurs in a certain link, it can be accurately located and quickly traced, which facilitates vaccine supervision and provides protection for public health.

[0102] Blockchain managers can be jointly formed by the government or industry alliances and third-party institutions. Managers do not participate in the update and maintenance of on-chain data, but are only responsible for maintaining the information of blockchain members. Through data interconnection, they will gather social co-governance forces, promote innovation in vaccine smart supervision models, promote the modernization of vaccine supervision systems and supervision capabilities, and build a closed-loop management system for vaccine traceability (see Figure 1 ) Enhance the credibility of government vaccine management and increase people’s satisfaction with vaccination.

[0103] 1.3 Construction tasks

[0104] 1.3.1 Technical architecture design

[0105] There are three modes of blockchain: public blockchain, consortium blockchain and private blockchain. A public blockchain is a completely decentralized, permissionless blockchain that any node can access and obtain information. A consortium blockchain is a partially decentralized blockchain that is usually jointly managed by multiple institutions and can only be accessed by users authorized by the institutions. A private blockchain is a completely centralized blockchain that controls access rights by a central institution. In order to meet the implementation of vaccine traceability and cold chain monitoring blockchain scenarios, the technical architecture adopts a consortium chain architecture and a group + node hybrid mode. The architecture of the "blockchain +" vaccine cold chain includes four aspects: business architecture, hardware architecture, software architecture and data docking interface solution.

[0106] 1.3.2 Construction of alliance chain management subsystem

[0107] The alliance chain management subsystem mainly includes the following contents. First, the construction of blockchain automatic deployment function: by adding alliance, organization, node, chain code information, the blockchain system is built; second, progress query: display the current creation process, so that users can understand the progress more intuitively; third, statistical information display: intuitively display the number of alliances, organizations, nodes and other information on the homepage; fourth, node monitoring: realize the monitoring of node hosts and related processes; fifth, alliance management: including the display of alliance, organization, node, channel, chain code detailed information and status, as well as the review of node or organization application to join the alliance chain and other management functions.

[0108] 1.3.3 Blockchain browser construction

[0109] Blockchain browser refers to a tool that provides users with the ability to browse and query all blockchain information. The construction of blockchain browsers mainly includes the following: First, information search on the blockchain: enter the corresponding alliance browser according to the alliance name, and view the corresponding detailed information according to the block height, block HASH, and transaction ID; second, basic information display of the blockchain: intuitively display blockchain information such as block height and number of nodes; third, block information management: display block detailed information; fourth, transaction information management: display transaction details.

[0110] 1.3.4 Message Forwarding Subsystem

[0111] The message forwarding subsystem mainly includes the following contents: First, block data forwarding: converting the underlying block data into subscribable messages for use by various systems; second, channel data forwarding: converting the underlying channel data into subscribable messages for use by various systems; third, monitoring data forwarding: converting the underlying monitoring data into subscribable messages for use by various systems; fourth, chain code data forwarding: converting the underlying chain code data into subscribable messages for use by various systems.

[0112] 1.3.5 User Permission Subsystem

[0113] Blockchain-based user rights management mainly establishes a user-centered cross-institutional data set, and provides more powerful data analysis and decision support capabilities through rights management. It mainly includes the following contents: First, user management: users can be added, deleted, and assigned roles; second, role management: roles can be added, deleted, and role resource allocation operations can be performed; third, resource management: resources can be added, modified, and deleted.

[0114] 1.3.6 External Interface Management Subsystem

[0115] Provides interface management for basic data connection functions such as data chain storage and query.

[0116] 1.4 Overall Architecture

[0117] 1.4.1 Overall Architecture Design

[0118] According to the overall needs and goals, the "3-2-3" three-layer system architecture is adopted. The blockchain is built in a "one main and multiple sides" mode, which mainly includes 3 sub-platforms, namely the immunization platform basic service sub-platform, the immunization platform data collection sub-platform, and the immunization application sub-platform; 2 business system standards, namely the immunization public service system and the immunization application and supervision system; 3 business support systems, namely the standard specification system, the security guarantee system, and the operation and maintenance management system. By using the underlying blockchain technology, the information systems of various health institutions at all levels in the region are connected, information islands are eliminated, and information sharing and utilization are realized; the overall planning and resource integration of medical resources are strengthened, and the level of medical and health services, comprehensive supervision, and convenience for the people is improved (see Figure 2 ).

[0119] 1.4.2 Blockchain Architecture Design

[0120] In order to fully meet the needs of vaccine traceability information security, stability, and reliability in immunization programs, blockchain is built as the underlying infrastructure, and blockchain encryption algorithms, consensus mechanisms and other technologies are used to upload data from the entire process to the chain, including information on manufacturers, CDCs, transportation, and seedling and vaccinators, which can be controlled and supervised.

[0121] In response to pain points such as the many links in vaccine circulation, information opacity, inefficient inventory management at immunization terminals, and time-consuming and labor-intensive vaccination statistics, blockchain technology has been used to open up the entire process of vaccine production, cold chain logistics, disease control centers, vaccination stations, vaccine refrigeration, and final vaccination and feedback. Digital technology is used to provide consumers with safe and secure services for medical safety, and help improve the work efficiency of vaccination stations.

[0122] In order to meet the realization of vaccine traceability blockchain scenarios, the vaccine traceability scenario technical architecture adopts the alliance chain architecture, adopts the group + node hybrid mode, and is divided into three aspects: business, hardware and software architecture (see Figure 3 ).

[0123] 1.4.3 Group and Node Design

[0124] The vaccine tracking and tracing platform is based on blockchain technology and adopts a peer-to-peer network architecture. Each node in the blockchain network is equivalent to each computer or server terminal that stores all block data. This system has light nodes, full nodes, and super nodes. The vaccine production enterprise group is defined as a full node + light node mode, the provincial, municipal, and county CDC groups are defined as a full node mode, the cold chain transportation group is defined as a full node + light node mode, the grassroots vaccination unit group is defined as a full node + light node mode, and the regulatory agency group is defined as a super node.

[0125] Light nodes allow querying of block data within the group and writing data to the chain. Block data only contains result data and does not synchronize all process data. It has relatively fast synchronization and good performance, making it easy to quickly build blockchain nodes and facilitating blockchain expansion. Full nodes allow querying of block data within the group and writing data to the chain. Block data contains all process data and result data. The first deployment synchronization is slow, and it will be used as a data response verification node for comparison and verification during vaccine traceability. Super nodes allow viewing of all block data of the alliance chain and writing of data to the chain. Block data contains all process and result data (such as Figure 4 ).

[0126] 1.4.4 System technical architecture design

[0127] The blockchain must provide a node access mechanism so that each node can join the network only after authorization. The "Blockchain +" vaccine traceability system is built with the underlying blockchain architecture, including a five-layer architecture of resource layer, blockchain layer, service layer, interface layer, and application layer. The entire vaccine process is synchronized with all nodes, and the Internet of Things design is used to collect data and encrypt it on the chain. All business processes use smart contracts to transfer business information, which not only ensures the privacy protection of data, but also ensures that the data cannot be tampered with, fundamentally eliminating the occurrence of common problems such as vaccine counterfeiting and vaccine expiration (see Figure 5 ).

[0128] 2. Application effect

[0129] 2.1 Establish a credible traceability system to enhance public confidence in vaccination

[0130] "Emphasis on approval and neglect of supervision" is the norm in the current vaccine management. Researcher Bao Jing, Secretary-General of the Chinese Society of Public Administration, pointed out that vaccine safety has long been maintained in an unhealthy equilibrium state where small accidents are common and large accidents are constant. At this stage, the credibility of source data in the vaccine management system is not high, and "separation of codes and goods" is prone to occur in the traceability system. The main roles involved in the drug supply chain are complex. Blockchain technology may bring the answer. The "Blockchain +" vaccine traceability system is a technical solution that does not rely on a third party and stores, verifies, transmits and communicates network data through its own distributed nodes. It has the characteristics of decentralization, openness, independence, security and anonymity. The blockchain can record the entire process of value transfer (transaction) completely and "unalterably", which can solve the credibility issues of data recording and transaction processes (see Figure 6 ).

[0131] 2.2 Establish a cold chain supervision system to ensure safe vaccine operation

[0132] Blockchain can also synchronize information with the cold chain used for vaccine storage and transportation. Any abnormal information in the cold chain that stores vaccines will also be disclosed to the entire network by blockchain. At present, most of my country's special vaccine transport vehicles, except for the cab, are made of special materials with good light-proof and sealing performance. Each vehicle has functions such as heat protection, anti-static, and radiation protection, and is equipped with temperature and humidity monitoring. If these monitoring data are not monitored online, they will not play a role in safety warning. By establishing a "blockchain +" vaccine traceability cold chain management system, the basic data of each cold chain link of the vaccine is collected and uploaded to the cold chain management system, which can monitor and warn the entire process of vaccine storage and cold chain transportation at all times. At the same time, if a suspected abnormal reaction to vaccination occurs, it can assist investigators to quickly locate whether there is a problem in the vaccine circulation link.

[0133] 2.3 Establish a vaccine traceability system to achieve “five-code linkage”

[0134] Vaccine information is crucial to vaccine safety. It is even referred to as the blood of vaccine management organizations. By establishing a "blockchain +" vaccine traceability system for personal vaccine traceability, the comprehensive application of unified correspondence of "recipients, vaccines, and vaccination services" information, real-time data sharing, comprehensive functional coverage, and information security assurance is achieved; the full process management of vaccines from factory delivery, acceptance inspection into warehouses, centralized storage, logistics distribution, outpatient acceptance, and preservation management is achieved; the "five-code linkage" management of "vaccine traceability code, vaccine product code, cold chain equipment code, vaccinated child code, and vaccination doctor code" is achieved, so that every vaccine in the smallest package can be traced throughout the entire process; automatic verification, comparison, early warning, and prompts are achieved in vaccination services, reducing the risk of errors in services.

[0135] 2.4 Establish a blockchain supervision system to help implement the penetrating supervision system

[0136] The traditional regulatory model is not enough to fundamentally reverse the widespread problems of vicious competition and opportunism in the vaccine market. With the continuous improvement of the vaccination rate of the National Immunization Program, the incidence of diseases targeted by the National Immunization Program vaccines has dropped significantly, but at the same time, the number of suspected abnormal reactions to vaccination has also increased accordingly, various disputes have increased significantly, and the risk of vaccination has greatly increased, which has put forward higher requirements for safe vaccination. This requires all participants in the vaccine supply chain, including suppliers and customers, to be integrated into a chain to create a win-win mechanism, promote the flow of information, solve the problem of information asymmetry, and reduce supervision costs. Build a blockchain + vaccine traceability system, record the relevant information of vaccine product manufacturers, entrusted distribution companies, disease prevention and control centers, vaccination units, vaccinated children, etc. through the blockchain, and write the dynamic information (timestamp, location, temperature, etc.) during the vaccine circulation process into the blockchain, so as to achieve full traceability of the vaccine process, reliable data sources, and penetrating supervision by regulators.

[0137] 3 Based on the decentralization, data immutability and process traceability of blockchain technology, it is reasonably applied to the processes of vaccine approval, production, circulation, and vaccination, recording the information of each transaction link, and constructing a traceable and safe vaccination credit system through the five codes of vaccine identification code + cold chain equipment code + recipient code + vaccination unit code + vaccination doctor code. It realizes reliable source, immutability, full-process supervision, human-vaccine association, vaccination by scanning code, and credible traceability, which can improve the internal control environment, standardize major business processes, improve risk management capabilities, promote information communication, and strengthen internal and external supervision to provide protection for public health. After initial application, it has achieved construction results.

[0138] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with application examples.

[0139] Application Examples

[0140] The system technology architecture provided by the present invention is as follows: Figure 7 shown.

[0141] The Gansu Province Immunization Program Platform is built using the blockchain underlying architecture, which includes a five-layer architecture: resource layer, blockchain layer, service layer, interface layer, and application layer. The entire seedling production process and all nodes are synchronized, and the Internet of Things design is used to collect data, encrypt it and upload it to the chain. All business processes use smart contracts to transfer business information, which not only ensures the privacy protection of the data, but also ensures that the data cannot be tampered with, fundamentally eliminating the occurrence of common problems such as vaccine counterfeiting and seedling expiration.

[0142] like Figure 8 As shown, the front-end and back-end architecture provided by the present invention includes:

[0143] The front end of the immunization planning platform adopts a multi-terminal application mode, which can perform vaccine information traceability queries on different devices, including mobile APP, PC application, dedicated terminal (such as platform machine), WeChat public account applets, so as to obtain information more simply and quickly; the back end has built a traceability service function, and through the synchronization of multiple nodes, such as regulatory nodes, pharmaceutical factory nodes, logistics nodes, distributor nodes, etc., consensus data synchronization is carried out by multiple parties, thereby ensuring the security of the entire traceability chain and the authenticity of the data.

[0144] like Fig. 9 As shown, the input architecture includes:

[0145] In order to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the data on the chain, the input end adopts multi-terminal input methods, such as PC, mobile, handheld, etc., and directly uploads the input information to the application server and collection server through the standard interface to connect the data node and link it to the blockchain core server for disk storage.

[0146] like Fig.10 As shown, the application layer architecture provided includes:

[0147] In order to ensure the integrity of system data, the immunization program system will also connect to other existing medical systems, such as vaccine manufacturer IT systems, CDC IT systems, hospital IT systems, etc., link blockchain vaccine traceability application services, cold chain blockchain transportation application services, etc., aggregate data to the application server, clean and screen the aggregated data and store it on the chain for subsequent traceability services to query.

[0148] like Fig.11 As shown, the privacy architecture provided by the present invention includes:

[0149] Because the privacy of the system is very important, the immunization planning platform adopts asymmetric encryption and CA certificate management methods based on national encryption standards to encrypt and save the data on the chain. All operations require CA authentication and use CA to process data permissions to ensure data isolation and independence, and effectively ensure the security of sensitive information.

[0150] The effects of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0151] 1. Blockchain vaccine basic information management

[0152] Basic vaccine information includes: Fig.12 shown.

[0153] The immunization planning platform regularly uploads basic vaccine information to the "Blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system, and at the same time generates a vaccine traceability chain locally to complete vaccine traceability in the "Blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system through the vaccine traceability chain information.

[0154] 2. Blockchain vaccine qualification information management

[0155] Vaccine qualification information includes the vaccine batch release certificate code and the vaccine batch release certificate. The immunization planning platform regularly uploads vaccine qualification information to the "blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system, and generates a vaccine traceability chain locally, so that the vaccine traceability-qualification check of the "blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system can be completed through the vaccine traceability chain information.

[0156] 3. Blockchain vaccine delivery order management

[0157] Vaccine delivery order information includes the following (delivery order information and vaccine details): Fig.13 shown.

[0158] The immunization planning platform regularly uploads vaccine delivery order information to the "Blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system, and generates a vaccine traceability chain locally at the same time, so as to complete the "Blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system vaccine traceability-vaccine production data query through the vaccine traceability chain information.

[0159] 4. Blockchain vaccine storage management

[0160] Vaccine storage information includes the following (delivery order information and vaccine basic information): Fig.14 shown.

[0161] The immunization planning platform regularly uploads vaccine entry information to the "Blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system, and generates a vaccine traceability chain locally at the same time, so as to complete the "Blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system vaccine traceability-entry data query through the vaccine traceability chain information.

[0162] 5. Blockchain vaccine outbound management

[0163] Vaccine delivery information includes the following (delivery order information and vaccine basic information), such as Fig.15 shown.

[0164] The immunization planning platform regularly uploads vaccine delivery order information to the "Blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system, and generates a vaccine traceability chain locally at the same time, so as to complete the "Blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system vaccine traceability-delivery data query through the vaccine traceability chain information.

[0165] 6. Blockchain vaccine returns

[0166] The immunization program platform regularly uploads vaccine return information to the "Blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system, and generates a vaccine traceability chain locally at the same time, so as to complete the "Blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system vaccine traceability-return data query through the vaccine traceability chain information.

[0167] 7. Blockchain vaccine obsolescence

[0168] The immunization program platform regularly uploads vaccine return information to the "Blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system, and generates a vaccine traceability chain locally at the same time, so as to complete the "Blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system vaccine traceability-scrap data query through the vaccine traceability chain information.

[0169] 8. Blockchain vaccine recall

[0170] The immunization program platform regularly uploads vaccine recall information to the "Blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system, and generates a vaccine traceability chain locally at the same time, so as to complete the "Blockchain +" vaccine trusted traceability system vaccine traceability-recall data query through the vaccine traceability chain information.

[0171] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more than two; the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0172] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a trusted vaccine traceability system based on blockchain technology. It is characterized in that The method for constructing a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology includes: Adopting the alliance chain architecture, using the group combined with the node hybrid mode, determining the business architecture, hardware architecture, software architecture and data docking interface solution to build a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology; The method for constructing a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology includes the following steps: Step 1: Use the one-host-multiple-side mode to build a 3-2-3 three-layer system architecture; Step 2: Build blockchain as the underlying infrastructure, and use blockchain encryption algorithms, consensus mechanisms and other technologies to upload the entire process of information from manufacturers, disease control centers, transportation, and seedling growers to the blockchain; Step 3: Use the alliance chain architecture as the technical architecture for the vaccine traceability scenario, adopting a group + node hybrid model; provide a node access mechanism so that each node can join the network only after authorization; The 3-2-3 three-layer system architecture includes: 3 sub-platforms, namely, the immunization program platform basic service sub-platform, the immunization program platform data collection sub-platform, and the immunization program application sub-platform; 2 business system standards, namely, the immunization program public service system and the immunization program application and supervision system; Three business support systems, namely, standard and specification system, security assurance system, and operation and maintenance management system.

2. The method for constructing a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology as claimed in claim 1, It is characterized in that The group+node hybrid mode includes: It adopts a point-to-point network architecture with light nodes, full nodes and super nodes; the vaccine production enterprise group is defined as a full node + light node mode, the provincial, municipal and county CDC groups are defined as a full node mode, the cold chain transportation group is defined as a full node + light node mode, the grassroots vaccination unit group is defined as a full node + light node mode, and the regulatory agency group is defined as a super node.

3. The method for constructing a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology as claimed in claim 1, It is characterized in that The method for constructing a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology also includes: (1) Build the alliance chain management subsystem: Build the blockchain automation deployment function: Build the blockchain system by adding alliance, organization, node, and chain code information; (2) Construct the blockchain browser and message forwarding subsystem, user authority subsystem, and external interface management subsystem.

4. A vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology constructed by using the vaccine trusted traceability system construction method based on blockchain technology as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology includes: resource layer, blockchain layer, service layer, interface layer, and application layer; Alliance chain management subsystem, used for progress query, statistical information display, node monitoring, and alliance management; Blockchain browser, used for information search on blockchain, basic information display on blockchain, and block information management; Message forwarding subsystem, used for block data forwarding, channel data forwarding, monitoring data forwarding, and chain code data forwarding; User authority subsystem, used for user management, role management, and resource management; The external interface management subsystem is used to provide data entry storage and query and other basic data docking function interface management.

5. The vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology as claimed in claim 4, It is characterized in that The vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology further includes: Light nodes allow querying block data within the group and writing data to the chain. Block data only contains result data and does not synchronize all process data. Full nodes allow querying block data within the group and writing data to the chain. Block data contains all process data and result data. Super nodes are allowed to view all block data of the alliance chain and write data to the chain. The block data contains all process and result data.

6. A vaccine trusted traceability method based on blockchain technology applied to a vaccine trusted traceability system based on blockchain technology as claimed in any one of claims 4-5, It is characterized in that The vaccine credible traceability method based on blockchain technology includes: The vaccine product manufacturers, entrusted distribution companies, Disease Prevention and Control Centers, vaccination units, vaccinated children and other relevant information will be fully recorded through the blockchain, and the timestamp, location, temperature and other dynamic information during the vaccine circulation process will be written into the blockchain, so that the entire vaccine process can be traced, the data source is reliable, and the regulator can conduct penetrating supervision.

7. The vaccine credible traceability method based on blockchain technology as claimed in claim 6, It is characterized in that The vaccine trusted traceability method based on blockchain technology also includes: Record the information of each transaction link of vaccine approval, production, circulation, and vaccination, and use the five codes of vaccine identification code + cold chain equipment code + recipient code + vaccination unit code + vaccination doctor code to form a joint code to build a traceable safe vaccination credit system for vaccine traceability.

8. An application of a vaccine trusted traceability method based on blockchain technology as described in any one of claims 6 to 7 in the full traceability and trusted system of vaccines and cold chains.

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