Electric motor for a vehicle and related vehicle, in particular a railway vehicle
By introducing an regulating ring into the cooling device of the railway vehicle motor, the cross-section of the airflow channel was optimized, the turbulence problem was solved, the cooling performance was improved and the noise was reduced, and more efficient heat dissipation was achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ALSTOM TRANSPORT TECH SAS
- Filing Date
- 2021-07-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
AI Technical Summary
The cooling devices for existing railway vehicle motors have strong turbulence at the inlet and outlet, which leads to noise generation and limited airflow, affecting cooling performance.
An adjustment ring is introduced into the air passage of the cooling device. The adjustment ring increases the cross-section of the airflow passage from the connection end to the free end along the longitudinal axis to reduce turbulence. Radial internal and external segmental or perforated ring structures are used to optimize the airflow.
It improves the cooling performance of the electric motor, reduces noise generation, and increases airflow and heat dissipation efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN113904502B_ABST
Abstract
Description
[Technical Field]
[0001] This invention relates to electric motors for vehicles, particularly for railway vehicles, of which the types include:
[0002] - A stator with a vertical axis, and on the periphery of the stator,
[0003] - An electric motor cooling device includes a main body, the main body including multiple air passages, each air passage being oriented substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis, each air passage defining two air passage openings, including an air inlet and an air outlet.
[0004] This invention is particularly applicable to electric motors with a power greater than 100kW, and especially to electric motors for railway track vehicles. [Background Technology]
[0005] Electric motors in vehicles such as railway vehicles exhibit the high power required for vehicle movement, typically exceeding 100kW.
[0006] During operation, these electric motors generate heat due to their high power output. To ensure the safe operation of railway vehicles, it is necessary to dissipate the heat generated by each electric motor and prevent the motors from reaching critical temperatures.
[0007] For this purpose, electric motors are known to use cooling devices that include a cooling mechanism disposed around the stator. Such a cooling mechanism particularly includes multiple air ducts adapted to circulate air and thus cool the electric motor. The cooling mechanism—and more particularly the air ducts—enables cooling of the electric motor and thus improves its safety.
[0008] However, such an electric motor is not entirely satisfactory because the airflow is highly turbulent at the inlet and outlet of the cooling unit. This turbulent flow generates noise and limits the airflow that can circulate in the air ducts, thus limiting the cooling performance of the cooling unit. [Summary of the Invention]
[0009] The object of this invention is to provide an electric motor with improved cooling performance and lower noise for a given power.
[0010] Therefore, the subject of the present invention is an electric motor of the type described above for a vehicle, characterized in that the cooling device includes one or two regulating rings for regulating the airflow circulating in the air passage, each regulating ring being positioned opposite all air inlets or outlets, each regulating ring defining an airflow passage cross-section that increases along the longitudinal axis from the connection end where the regulating ring is connected to the body to the free end of the regulating ring.
[0011] According to other advantageous aspects of the invention, the electric motor includes one or more of the following features, either individually or in any technically possible combination:
[0012] - One of the regulating rings is a first regulating ring, which includes a radially inner segment and a radially outer segment. Each of the radially inner segment and the radially outer segment includes a free end that is smooth inside and smooth outside, and a connecting end that is corrugated inside and corrugated outside, respectively. Each corrugated connecting end is a connecting end connected to the main body. The corrugated connecting end inside the radially inner segment and the corrugated connecting end outside the radially outer segment partially fit into the opening of each airway.
[0013] - One of the regulating rings is a second regulating ring, which is a perforated ring including a perforated free end and a perforated connecting end, the perforated connecting end being a connecting end connected to the main body, the orifice of the second regulating ring being disposed opposite the opening of each airway and increasing in size from the perforated connecting end to the perforated free end, and wherein the orifice defines the cross-section of the airflow passage.
[0014] - The second adjustment ring includes a support and a plurality of walls extending between the perforated connection end and the perforated free end. Each wall protrudes from the support in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis and extends in a longitudinal direction. Each wall extends between two adjacent airway openings, and the plurality of walls define the opening.
[0015] - The width of each wall, measured along a plane tangent to the outer surface of the support, increases longitudinally from the free end of the perforation to the connection end of the perforation. Preferably, the height of each wall protruding from the support is greater than the height of the airway measured radially relative to the longitudinal axis.
[0016] - The air passage is set on a cylindrical surface with a longitudinal axis, and the air passage has a constant cross section along the entire body;
[0017] -The main body includes at least 4, preferably at least 12, airways;
[0018] - The ratio of the main body length to the length of each adjusting ring along the longitudinal axis is between 5 and 40; and
[0019] - The electric motor includes a fan adapted to move air through a cooling device; in particular, the fan is fixed to the motor shaft.
[0020] The present invention also relates to an electric motor for a vehicle. [Attached Image Description]
[0021] The invention will be better understood by reading the following description, which is given by way of non-limiting example only and is made with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0022] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of an electric motor for a vehicle according to the present invention.
[0023] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of the first detail of the electric motor, showing the first regulating ring, and...
[0024] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of the second detail of the electric motor, in which the second regulating ring can be seen.
Detailed Implementation Methods
[0025] Figure 1 The vehicle 10, including the electric motor 12, is shown in part.
[0026] The vehicle 10 is preferably an electrically propelled vehicle, more preferably an electrically propelled railway vehicle. As a variation, the vehicle is equipped with an electric motor, which is powered by a non-electric system, such as a heat generator or fuel cell.
[0027] Figures 1 to 3 The electric motor 12 shown defines a central longitudinal axis X-X', and includes a cooling device 14 having the longitudinal axis X-X' and a stator 16 having the longitudinal axis X-X'. The cooling device 14 surrounds the stator 16.
[0028] The terms “axial,” “radial,” and “circumferential” will be used in the following text with reference to this central axis.
[0029] The motor 12 is provided with a rotor 18 having a longitudinal axis X-X' and extending inside the stator 16.
[0030] The electric motor 12 advantageously includes a housing (not shown) covering the cooling device. The electric motor 12 advantageously includes a fan 19.
[0031] The cooling device 14 includes a main body 20 and one or two regulating rings 22 for regulating airflow. Figures 1 to 3 In the embodiment shown, the cooling device 14 includes a first adjusting ring 24 and a second adjusting ring 26.
[0032] The main body 20 includes a frame 28 and a plurality of airways 30. The main body 20 includes at least four, preferably at least twelve, airways 30.
[0033] The main body 20 extends along the longitudinal axis X-X' and defines an upstream end 32 and a downstream end 34, which preferably extend perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X-X'. The terms "upstream" and "downstream" are defined according to the direction of airflow in the airway 30.
[0034] The ratio of the length of the main body 20 along the longitudinal axis X-X' to the length of each adjusting ring 22 is between 5 and 40.
[0035] The frame 28 is fixed around the stator 16. The frame 28 advantageously conforms to the outer contour of the stator 16. The frame 28 is preferably cylindrical. The frame 28 is fixed to each air passage 30.
[0036] The frame 28 is preferably integrally formed with the airway 30. In the illustrated embodiment, the frame 28 is supported on the outer surface of each airway 30. As a variation, the airway 30 extends within the frame 28, and the thickness of the frame 28 is thus greater than the height of the airway 30.
[0037] Each airway 30 is oriented substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis X-X'. Each airway 30 is advantageously disposed on a nodal cylindrical surface 35, the longitudinal axis of which overlaps with the longitudinal axis X-X', the nodal cylindrical surface 35 being defined, for example, by a frame 28.
[0038] Each air duct 30 defines the direction of air circulation from the upstream end 32 of the body 20 to the downstream end 34 of the body 20. This definition is effective regardless of the relative position of the fan 19 with respect to the body 20; the fan can be selected and positioned to drive air in the air duct 30 in any direction defined by the longitudinal axis X-X'.
[0039] Each airway 30 defines two airway openings 36. Each airway 30 specifically defines an air inlet 38 and an air outlet 40. The air inlet 38 of each airway 30 extends, for example, at the upstream end 32 of the main body 20. The air outlet 40 of each airway 30 extends, for example, at the downstream end 34 of the main body 20.
[0040] Each airway 30 defines an airway cross-section, which is preferably constant along the entire body 20. Figures 1 to 3 In the illustrated embodiment, each airway 30 is cylindrical, particularly having a circular cross-section, and each airway opening 36 is circular.
[0041] Each regulating ring 22 for regulating airflow is positioned opposite all air inlets 38 or air outlets 40. In other words, the corresponding ring 22 is positioned opposite all air inlets 38 or opposite all air outlets 40.
[0042] Each ring 22 preferably has a longitudinal axis that overlaps with the longitudinal axis X-X', and includes a connecting end 42 for connecting the adjusting ring 22 to the body 20 and a free end 44, the ring 22 extending along the longitudinal axis X-X' between the connecting end 42 and the free end 44.
[0043] Each ring 22 defines an airflow passage cross-section that increases along the longitudinal axis X-X' from the connecting end 42 where the regulating ring 22 connects to the body 20 to the free end 44 of the regulating ring 22. Advantageously, the area of this passage cross-section continuously increases from the connecting end 42 to the free end 44. Thus, the regulating ring 22 located opposite all the air inlets 38 has an airflow passage cross-section that decreases in the airflow direction, and the regulating ring 22 located opposite all the air outlets 40 has an airflow passage cross-section that increases in the airflow direction.
[0044] According to the first variation, ring 22 or each ring is different from the body 20 and is adapted to be fixed to or integrally formed with the body 20. In particular, according to this first variation, the connecting end 42 is adapted to be fixed to the body 20, for example, fixed to the upstream end 32 or the downstream end 34 of the body 20.
[0045] According to the second variation, the ring 22 is integrally formed with the body 20. Specifically, in this second variation, the connecting end 42 is integrated with the body 20. The adjusting ring 22 is thus a continuation of the body 20 and extends, for example, opposite the upstream end 32 or the downstream end 34. The difference between the adjusting ring 22 and the body 20 is that the airway cross-section varies along the longitudinal axis X-X' in the adjusting ring 22. According to this second variation, the engagement between the body 20 and the adjusting ring 22 is located along the longitudinal axis X-X' at the longitudinal position where the airway cross-section begins to widen.
[0046] The first regulating ring 24 is the regulating ring 22 according to any of the aforementioned variations.
[0047] The first regulating ring 24 includes a radially inner segment 46 and a radially outer segment 48, which define an airflow passage cross-section between them. The radially inner segment 46 and the radially outer segment 48 are axially aligned.
[0048] The radial inner segment 46 includes an internally smooth free end 50 and an internally corrugated connecting end 52. The internally smooth free end 50 is, for example, circular or cylindrical with a circular cross-section. The shape of the radial inner segment 46 gradually evolves, for example, from the internally smooth free end 50 to the internally corrugated connecting end 52, and the amplitude of the corrugations increases, for example, in the direction of the internally corrugated connecting end 52. The corrugations extend circumferentially about the longitudinal axis X-X'.
[0049] The corrugated connecting end 52 defines a series of troughs and crests circumferentially around the longitudinal axis X-X', the troughs and crests being distances from the longitudinal axis X-X', and the series being, for example, regular and a function of the angle around the longitudinal axis X-X'.
[0050] The corrugated connecting end 52 partially conforms to the airway opening 36 of each airway, for example. The troughs of the corrugated connecting end 52 extend opposite the airway opening 36, and the crests of the corrugated connecting end 52 extend between the airway openings 36. The corrugated connecting end 52 partially conforms to the air inlet 38 or air outlet 40, for example.
[0051] The radial outer segment 48 includes an externally smooth free end 54 and an externally corrugated connecting end 56. The externally smooth free end 54 is, for example, circular or cylindrical with a circular cross-section. The shape of the radial outer segment 48 gradually evolves, for example, from the externally smooth free end 54 to the externally corrugated connecting end 56, and the amplitude of the corrugations increases, for example, in the direction of the externally corrugated connecting end 56. The corrugations extend circumferentially about the longitudinal axis X-X'.
[0052] The corrugated connecting end 56 on the outside defines a series of troughs and crests circumferentially around the longitudinal axis X-X', the troughs and crests being distances from the longitudinal axis X-X', and the series being, for example, regular and a function of the angle about the longitudinal axis X-X'.
[0053] The corrugated connecting end 56 partially conforms to the airway opening 36 of each airway. The troughs of the corrugated connecting end 56 extend between the airway openings 36, and the crests of the corrugated connecting end 56 extend opposite the airway openings 36. The corrugated connecting end 56 partially conforms to the air inlet 38 or the air outlet 40, for example.
[0054] The ripples of the radial outer segment 48 and the ripples of the radial inner segment 46 are thus out of phase. The troughs of the radial outer segment 48 radially face the crests of the radial inner segment 46, and the crests of the radial outer segment 48 radially face the troughs of the radial inner segment 46.
[0055] The internally smooth free end 50 and the externally smooth free end 54 together form the free end 44 as described above.
[0056] The corrugated internal connector 52 and the corrugated external connector 56 together form the connector 42 as described above.
[0057] exist Figures 1 to 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the first adjusting ring 24 is a ring 22 adapted to be fixed to or integrally formed with the body 20. As a variation, the first adjusting ring 24 is an adjusting ring 22 integrally formed with the body 20.
[0058] exist Figures 1 to 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the first adjusting ring 24 is positioned opposite all the air inlets 38. In a variant not shown, the first adjusting ring 24 is positioned opposite all the air outlets 40.
[0059] The second regulating ring 26 is ring 22 according to any of the aforementioned variations.
[0060] The second adjusting ring 26 is a perforated ring including a support 58 and a plurality of walls 60. The second adjusting ring 26 includes a perforated connecting end 62 and a perforated free end 64, with the support 58 and the plurality of walls 60 extending between the perforated connecting end 62 and the perforated free end 64.
[0061] Support 58 defines a longitudinal axis that overlaps with the longitudinal axis X-X'. Support 58 extends within the continuation of frame 28. Figure 3 As can be seen, the support 58 is preferably cylindrical.
[0062] Multiple walls 60 extend on the outer surface of the support 58. Each wall 60 protrudes from the support 58 in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis X-X'. Preferably, the height of each wall 60 protruding is greater than the height of the air passage 30 measured in the radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis X-X'. Each wall 60 extends in the longitudinal direction X-X'. The width l of each wall is measured along a plane tangent to the outer surface of the support 58. p The width of each wall is l p Along the longitudinal direction X-X', the width increases from the free end 64 of the perforation to the connecting end 62 of the perforation. The width l of each wall... p Therefore, the perforated free end 64 is smaller than the perforated connecting end 62.
[0063] Each wall 60 extends between two adjacent air passages 36. Multiple walls 60 may extend, for example, between all the air inlets 38 or between all the air outlets 40.
[0064] Multiple walls 60 define multiple holes 66, which extend between each wall 60.
[0065] The orifice 66 defines the cross-section of the airway in the continuation of the airway 36.
[0066] Each hole 66 extends along the longitudinal direction X-X' between the perforated connecting end 62 and the perforated free end 64. Holes 66 are provided opposite each air passage 36. Multiple holes 66 may be provided opposite all air inlets 38 or all air outlets 40, for example.
[0067] The width l of each hole 66 is measured along a plane tangent to the outer surface of the support 58. a The width of each hole is 66 l. a The longitudinal direction X-X' increases from the perforated connection end 62 to the perforated free end 64.
[0068] exist Figures 1 to 3 In the embodiment shown, the second adjustment ring 26 is a ring 22 integrally formed with the main body 20.
[0069] exist Figures 1 to 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the second adjusting ring 26 is positioned opposite all the air outlets 40. In a variant not shown, the second adjusting ring 26 is positioned opposite all the air inlets 38.
[0070] The rotor 18 includes a motor shaft 68, which advantageously extends along the longitudinal axis X-X'.
[0071] The fan 19 is advantageously adapted to be driven to rotate by the motor shaft 68.
[0072] The fan 19 is adapted to move air through the cooling device 14 in the direction of air circulation.
[0073] Fan 19 is, for example, fixed to rotor 18 and driven integrally by motor shaft 68. Motor 12 is then a self-ventilated motor. As a variation, fan 19 is separate from rotor 18 and driven independently.
[0074] Fan 19 is, for example, an axial flow fan.
[0075] According to a specific variant (not shown), fan 19 is a radial fan. Fan 19 thus includes a housing that defines a deflector or channel that directs airflow into the air duct 30. This housing is then connected, for example, to the regulating ring 22 or the casing.
[0076] The housing advantageously covers the cooling unit 14 along its entire length along the longitudinal axis X-X'. The interior of the housing is, for example, generally cylindrical and covers the entire cooling unit. The housing forms, for example, a duct that defines the cross-section of the air passage from the fan 19 to the regulating ring 22.
[0077] The housing, for example, covers the second adjusting ring 22. The housing, for example, extends on the wall 60 and, together with the wall 60, defines the hole 66.
[0078] The operation of the electric motor 12 used for the vehicle will be described next.
[0079] When the motor 12 is powered and running, the rotor 18 rotates relative to the stator 16 and components integrated with the stator 16 (such as the cooling device 14 or the housing).
[0080] The rotor drives the fan 19 to rotate, and the shape of the fan 19 causes the air around the motor 12 to move toward the cooling device. In particular, the fan causes the air to move through the cooling device 14 in the air circulation direction.
[0081] As air enters the cooling device 14, it flows through the regulating ring 22. Specifically, in Figures 1 to 3In the example shown, air flows through the first regulating ring 24. Since the cross-section of the air passage gradually decreases from the free end 44 of the regulating ring 22 to the connecting end 42 of the regulating ring 22, the airflow along the regulating ring 22 is essentially laminar or, in any case, less turbulent than in the case without the regulating ring 22.
[0082] Since the cross-section of the air passage at the connecting end 42 is closer to the cross-section of the air inlet 38 than the cross-section of the air passage at the free end 44, the turbulence of the airflow entering the air passage 30 is restricted.
[0083] When air leaves the air passage 30, it passes through the regulating ring 22. Specifically, in... Figures 1 to 3 In the example shown, air flows through the second regulating ring 26. Since the channel cross-section gradually increases from the connecting end 42 to the free end 44 of the regulating ring 22, the airflow along the regulating ring 22 is essentially laminar, or less turbulent as it exits the air passage 30. Specifically, since the air passage cross-section at the connecting end 42 is closer to the cross-section of the outlet 40 than the air passage cross-section at the free end 44, turbulence in the airflow exiting the air passage 30 is limited.
[0084] Preferably, the airflow is moved by the pressure difference generated by the fan 19, and the air then captures heat energy from the motor 12 throughout its path in the cooling device 14 and subsequently dissipates that energy into the surrounding air.
[0085] The motor 12 includes one or two regulating rings 22, each regulating ring 22 defining an air passage cross section that increases along the longitudinal axis X-X' from the connecting end 42 of the regulating ring 22 to the free end 44 of the regulating ring 22. This motor 12 minimizes turbulence associated with the intake air in the body 20. This is particularly advantageous because the motor 12 with its turbulence-minimized regulating rings 22 exhibits improved performance and reduced noise.
[0086] The use of the first inner ring 24 and the second inner ring 26 ensures that the air is optimally regulated according to the position of each regulating ring 22.
[0087] One of the particularly advantageous features of ring 22, or ring 22, which is different from the body 20, is that it makes it possible, for example, to install an adjustment ring on an existing electric motor.
[0088] When the adjusting ring 22 or one of the adjusting rings 22 is integrally formed with the body 20, the adjusting ring 22 or one of the adjusting rings 22 can be directly molded together with the body 20. This is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to limit, for example, the complexity of the production of the cooling device 14 and the assembly operation.
[0089] The arrangement of the air passage 30 on the cylindrical surface and the use of the air passage 30 with a constant cross-section simplify the manufacture of the cooling device 14.
[0090] A particular advantage of the body 20, which includes at least four, preferably at least twelve, air passages, is that it allows for good distribution of the air circulating in the cooling device 14.
[0091] The ratio of the length of each regulating ring 22 to the length of the body 20 ensures sufficient heat transfer between the body 20 and the air circulating in the body 20, while limiting turbulence at the inlet and outlet of the body 20.
[0092] The electric motor 12, including the fan 19, also enables control of the airflow circulating through the cooling device 14 and improves the cooling performance of the cooling device 14 and thus the electric motor 12.
Claims
1. An electric motor (12) for a vehicle (10), comprising: - A stator (16) with a longitudinal axis (X-X'), and The following are set on the periphery of the stator (16): - Cooling device (14) for electric motor (12), which includes a body (20) including a plurality of air passages (30), each air passage (30) being oriented substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (X-X'). Each airway is defined by two airway openings (36), including an inlet (38) and an outlet (40). The cooling device (14) is characterized by comprising: - Two regulating rings (22) are used to regulate the airflow circulating in the air passage (30), each regulating ring (22) being positioned opposite all the air inlets (38) or air outlets (40). Each regulating ring (22) defines an airflow passage cross section that increases along the longitudinal axis (X-X') from the connection end (42) where the regulating ring (22) connects to the body (20) toward the free end (44) of the regulating ring (22), and wherein one of the regulating rings (22) is a first regulating ring (24), the first regulating ring (24) comprising a radially inner segment (46) and a radially outer segment (48), each of the radially inner segment (46) and the radially outer segment (48) comprising an inner segment (46) and an outer segment (48). The free end (50) with a smooth interior and a smooth exterior, and the connecting end (52) with a corrugated interior and the connecting end (56) with a corrugated exterior, each corrugated connecting end (52, 56) being a connecting end connected to the body (20), the corrugated connecting end (52) of the radial inner segment (46) and the corrugated connecting end (56) of the radial outer segment (48) partially conforming to the airway opening (36) of each airway (30).
2. The electric motor (12) according to claim 1, wherein, One of the regulating rings (22) is a second regulating ring (26), which is a perforated ring including a perforated free end (64) and a perforated connecting end (62), the perforated connecting end (62) being a connecting end connected to the body (20), the hole (66) of the second regulating ring (26) being disposed opposite the airway opening of each airway (30) and increasing from the perforated connecting end (62) to the perforated free end (64), and wherein the hole (66) defines the cross section of the airflow passage.
3. The electric motor (12) according to claim 2, wherein, The second adjustment ring includes a support (58) and a plurality of walls (60) extending between a perforated connection end (62) and a perforated free end (64). Each wall (60) protrudes from the support (58) and extends along the longitudinal axis (X-X') in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis (X-X'). Each wall (60) extends between two adjacent airway openings (36). The plurality of walls (60) define the openings (66).
4. The electric motor (12) according to claim 3, wherein, The width (l) of each wall is measured along a plane tangent to the outer surface of the support (58). p The value increases along the longitudinal axis (X-X') from the free end of the perforation (64) to the connecting end of the perforation (62).
5. The electric motor (12) according to claim 4, wherein, Each wall (60) protrudes from the support at a height greater than the height of the airway (30) measured in the radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis (X-X').
6. The electric motor (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The air passage (30) is disposed on the original cylindrical surface (35) having a longitudinal axis (X-X'), and wherein the air passage (30) has a constant cross section along the entire body (20).
7. The electric motor (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The main body (20) includes at least four airways (30).
8. The electric motor (12) according to claim 7, wherein, The main body (20) includes at least 12 airways (30).
9. The electric motor (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The ratio of the length of the main body (20) along the longitudinal axis (X-X') to the length of each adjusting ring (22) is between 5 and 40.
10. The electric motor (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, including a fan (19) adapted to move air through a cooling device (14).
11. The electric motor (12) according to claim 10, wherein, The fan (19) is fixed on the motor shaft (68).
12. A vehicle comprising an electric motor (12) for the vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
13. The vehicle according to claim 12, wherein, The vehicle is a railway vehicle.