Natural Skin Care Compositions and Methods for Treating Oxidative Stress and Restoring Skin Health

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a composition intended for application to the skin of a human suffering from oxidative stress, the composition comprising: (1) a mixture of at least the following: (a) an extract of the leaves of Rubus leucodermis; (b) an extract of the leaves of Buddleja globosa; (c) an extract of the leaves of Myrciaria floribunda; (d) optionally, an extract of the bark / seeds of Entada phaseoloides; (e) optionally, a blend of extracts of Amaranthus caudatus, Croton lechleri, and Lilium candidum; and (f) at least one humectant; (2) an emulsifier; and (3) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (a)-(f) are employed in amounts sufficient to synergistically neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin while actively pre-conditioning the skin to enhance its ability to protect itself against free radical attack, thereby contributing to enhancing its health and appearance, and wherein the composition is natural and free of essential oils in a skin-sensitizing effective amount.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to compositions and methods for treating skin suffering from oxidative stress. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to the use of a specific combination of plant extracts and preservative systems to achieve compositions and methods that enhance the antioxidant defense potential, hydration, and barrier function of skin suffering from oxidative stress. Background Art

[0002] Skin is damaged by many extrinsic (environmental) and intrinsic factors. Examples of extrinsic factors include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays emitted by the sun, and harmful chemical agents found in air pollution, such as smog and cigarette smoke. Intrinsic factors that negatively impact skin include, for example, chronological aging, an individual's genetic makeup, and other biological changes occurring within the skin. These factors cause skin to experience harmful cellular effects associated with oxidative stress caused by harmful free radicals in the skin. One of the most common free radicals is reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are essentially unstable oxygen molecules.

[0003] Many people deliberately expose their skin to harmful UV radiation by sunbathing or using tanning beds in an attempt to achieve a suntan, which is considered by many to be a sign of beauty and affluence. Unfortunately, although the immediate effects of UV radiation may be considered aesthetically and socially satisfactory, the long-term hazards, including the risk of oxidative stress, are cumulative and can be quite severe, as evidenced by the size of the global sunscreen market. In recent years, this market has grown significantly, with many new products being introduced each year. What was once considered a seasonal business is now considered a business that requires year-round attention. Sunscreen actives intended to absorb and / or reflect harmful UV rays are now included in a wide variety of personal products, specifically cosmetics intended for daily wear.

[0004] Exposure to ultraviolet light is known to induce the formation of free radicals in the skin. The main short-term hazard of long-term sun exposure is erythema, i.e., sunburn. Ultraviolet rays in the wavelength range of 290 to 320 nanometers (referred to as the UVB wavelength range) tend to be the main cause of erythema. Although UVA range (320 - 400 nm) is also known to cause erythema, ultraviolet rays of this wavelength are known to play an important role in premature skin aging, a phenomenon commonly referred to as photoaging, because they can penetrate deeper into the skin and cause deeper levels of free radical formation.

[0005] As explained herein, free radicals steal energy from healthy cells in the skin, causing oxidative stress. This in turn activates enzymes in the skin that break down collagen and damage the cell's DNA, leading to sunburn and premature aging. Photoaging is characterized by wrinkling and yellowing of the skin, as well as other physical changes such as cracking, telangiectasia (spider veins), actinic keratosis (growths), purpura (subcutaneous hemorrhagic lesions), and loss of elasticity (sagging).

[0006] Regarding other environmental aging factors, such as air pollution from smog and cigarette smoke, the chemicals present either are free radicals themselves, such as nitrogen dioxide, or have the ability to drive free radical formation. These free radicals, when present in a biological environment (such as the skin), cause electrons to flow from one molecule to another. The importance of this process lies in the reactivity of the molecules involved.

[0007] Under normal conditions, electrons orbit atoms in pairs with opposite spins. When an atom has a single unpaired electron, its reactivity increases significantly, and it is then called a free radical. In a biological environment, free radicals can be very dangerous because they can react indiscriminately with neighboring molecules (such as proteins, DNA) and important cellular structures (such as cell membranes). This electron-stealing process results in oxidation. If these reactions are numerous, they can cause a large amount of cell damage. The extent of the damage depends on the availability of neutralizing antioxidant cellular defenses, as these specialized molecules react preferentially with free radicals, thereby neutralizing them.

[0008] These cellular defense mechanisms help reduce the amount of damage that free radicals and reactive species of radicals might cause to the skin by scavenging free radicals or enzymatically converting free radicals into less toxic chemicals, thus performing a physiological role similar to that of antioxidants. However, the body's antioxidant defense system can be weakened by the aging process and / or impaired by, for example, inflammation / erythema, infections, and other conditions characterized by oxidative stress.

[0009] Oxidative stress has also been found to have a negative impact on the skin's water homeostasis (i.e., the skin's ability to maintain a constant level of hydration). Maintaining the nutrition of the skin to help counteract the damage caused by oxidative stress is important for the health and appearance of the skin. Dry skin is a particularly common disorder that affects both men and women equally and is especially prevalent in the elderly and those who are genetically predisposed to the condition. People suffering from dry skin complain of flaking, itching, irritation, and an overall dull, rough, and lackluster appearance.

[0010] In addition, as people age, their skin tends to produce less natural oil that helps prevent water from escaping the skin, dehydrating the skin. As a person's skin ages, disruption of water homeostasis occurs early. This is because the expression of aquaporin-3, one of the proteins that regulate water flow at the cellular level, decreases as a person ages. Skin lacking hydration cannot excrete toxins on its own, leading to irritation and inflammation. Thus, specifically, by maintaining good hydration of the skin surface, epidermis, and stratum corneum, the effectiveness of endogenous antioxidant molecules and cosmetics that exhibit antioxidant properties, as discussed below, can be significantly enhanced to help mitigate oxidative stress. Specifically, properly hydrated skin slows the aging process by helping to maintain skin elasticity.

[0011] The skin itself has a powerful antioxidant defense mechanism to prevent and protect against UV-induced oxidative stress. This is achieved via endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and other molecules such as glutathione (GSH), which can reduce the formation of ROS before oxidative changes occur in tissues. The combination of SOD and catalase completely scavenges ROS initiated by superoxide ions. Unfortunately, prolonged UV exposure prevents skin antioxidants (such as SOD, catalase, etc.) from continuously performing these functions, inevitably leading to oxidative damage to tissues and unmitigated ROS formation. Eventually, serious skin diseases such as photoaging and skin cancer may occur.

[0012] Another important defense against oxidative stress is the skin's barrier function. The term "barrier function" refers to the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, which is responsible for retaining moisture and preventing harmful elements such as UV rays and free radicals from entering. When the skin's barrier function is operating properly, the skin is firm, plump, and hydrated. However, when the barrier function deteriorates, skin health also deteriorates.

[0013] The stratum corneum is the main line of defense between an individual and the outside world, preventing environmental chemicals and biological irritants from penetrating the skin. For example, free radicals, bacteria, other microorganisms, allergens, toxic chemicals, UV rays, etc. are prevented by the stratum corneum from penetrating into the skin.

[0014] While protection from external attack is a very important function of the stratum corneum, an even more important function is preventing water loss. The stratum corneum is composed of multiple stacks of flattened cells or "corneocytes," each cell wrapped in a thick fatty coating. If the stratum corneum is likened to a brick wall, then these stacks of cells are the bricks, and the fatty matrix that wraps them is the mortar. Together they form a barrier that keeps the skin's moisture inside, thus keeping the skin firm, hydrated, elastic, and less prone to wrinkling.

[0015] Although it is important, the barrier formed by the stratum corneum is rather fragile and tends to become thinner with age. In addition, any attack on the stratum corneum, whether external or due to cellular water loss, can lead to sensitive, dehydrated skin that is vulnerable to environmental hazards, dryness, irritation, breakouts, sagging, and other signs of aging. When the skin is dry, irritants and allergens that can trigger inflammation are more likely to penetrate, and these inflammations can in turn cause rosacea, acne, eczema, and premature aging.

[0016] In summary, it is evident that in order to effectively treat skin that has already suffered from oxidative stress and prevent additional oxidative stress, at least three problems must be addressed. First, any free radicals currently present in the skin need to be neutralized to terminate any existing oxidative stress that the skin is undergoing. Second, the skin needs to be rehydrated to replace any water / moisture lost due to the oxidative stress caused by the free radicals present in the skin before they are neutralized. Finally, the skin's barrier function needs to be repaired to help protect the skin from further attacks by free radicals from external and internal factors.

[0017] Accordingly, there is a need for skin care compositions and methods that treat or address oxidative stress and restore skin health by neutralizing free radicals in the skin, rehydrating the skin, and repairing the skin's barrier function.

[0018] There is no shortage of conventional cosmetics on the market that purport to enhance the health and appearance of the skin by counteracting the negative effects associated with the influence of external and internal factors. However, the cosmetics industry has recently embraced these subcategories that are considered organic / natural products, and currently consumers tend to use these types of goods. These products are considered to have health and environmental benefits. According to the concept of such products, consumers also expect them to be paraben-free, phthalate-free, sulfate-free, silicone-free, synthetic fragrance-free, alcohol-free, phenoxyethanol-free, or non-toxic. This category of organic / natural products has become one of the fastest-growing products in the global personal care and cosmetics sector.

[0019] In response to the industry's prominent demand for products that meet a certain threshold of "natural" and "organic" ingredients, coupled with the lack of official standards for what qualifies as "natural" and "organic", the formulation of preservatives has become a cottage industry, with consumers preferring to use products containing natural extracts, botanicals, or other ingredients derived from natural sources while avoiding products with ingredients known or suspected to cause adverse health reactions. Unfortunately, this ad hoc approach and the dispersion of knowledge and experience in producing effective preservative formulations have led to many ineffective solutions that often result in a diminished shelf life and usability of the associated cosmetic consumer products.

[0020] A variety of third - party certifications have been established to attempt to make the use of natural and organic preservatives in topical consumer products consistent and reliable. For example, is a European - based organic certification body that conducts inspections in over 80 countries, making it one of the largest organic certification bodies in the world. Primarily certifies food and food products, but also certifies cosmetics, detergents, perfumes, and textiles, and is a leading certification body for fair - trade food, cosmetics, and textiles.

[0021] Another example is the Cosmetics Organic Standard (COSMOS), a Europe - wide private standard developed by five founding members: BDIH (Germany), Cosmebio (France), Ecocert Greenlife SAS (France), ICEA (Italy), and the Soil Association (Great Britain). They are all grouped under AISBL, an international non - profit organization based in Brussels. Its aim is to establish minimum common requirements, harmonize the certification rules for organic and natural cosmetics, and lobby on behalf of the industry. COSMOS utilizes the principles in the standard: to promote the use of ingredients from organic farming, use production and manufacturing processes that are environmentally friendly and safe for human health, and include and expand the concept of "green chemistry".

[0022] The National Organic Program (NOP) is the federal regulatory framework in the United States for managing organic food and is another certification. The core mission of the NOP is to protect the integrity of the USDA organic seal. This seal is used for products that meet USDA standards and contain at least 95% organic ingredients.

[0023] Accordingly, the industry has increased its efforts to develop "natural" cosmetic formulations using non - synthetic ingredients. This approach is different from the synthetic - ingredient - based approach, which has allowed the cosmetic industry to develop cosmetics with consistent product integrity, performance, and shelf - life by using harsh, irritating synthetic ingredients such as phenoxyethanol.

[0024] Accordingly, there is a need for skin - care compositions and methods for treating or addressing oxidative stress and restoring skin health that are natural and free of harsh, irritating, synthetic ingredients, while providing effective broad - spectrum preservative protection and promoting or incorporating ingredients for treating oxidative stress.

[0025] Generally speaking, the use of plant extracts on the skin is known. However, based solely on the sheer number of existing plant extract candidates, as well as the extraction techniques and solvents that may be used, an almost infinitesimal number of products can be formulated without guaranteeing that the resulting composition is both stable and suitable for the desired purpose. Thus, as discovered by the present inventors, the ability to formulate natural, highly effective, and stable skin treatment products in the absence of skin sensitizing ingredients is a formidable challenge. One cannot simply combine mixtures of arbitrary plant extracts at arbitrary concentrations using arbitrary extraction techniques and solvents and expect that all the different ingredients contained therein will be compatible with each other and yield the desired benefits and properties.

[0026] For example, U.S. Patent No. 4,933,177 discloses the use of certain plant ingredients for application to the skin. However, that reference does not provide any specific teachings or suggestions regarding the precise association of ingredients, the extraction techniques and solvents to be used, and which types of ingredients should be avoided to formulate an effective natural product that can enhance skin health and appearance.

[0027] Similarly, U.S. Patent No. 7,678,768; GB 2485483; WO 2006 / 032091; WO 2012 / 033422; WO 2013 / 149323; and WO 2019 / 002714 all disclose plant ingredients for application to the skin for a large number of potential uses. However, not only do these references disclose puzzle piece candidates on a small sample scale available to formulators, but when also considering the amount of each ingredient that can be used therein, along with all the other variables that must be considered when formulating with plant extracts, to say that successfully achieving the target product is like looking for a needle in a haystack is truly an understatement.

[0028] One of the main obstacles associated with the use of plant ingredients in skin care compositions relates to their relative instability in the product, as evidenced by loss of potency, odor deviation, and discoloration. These negative attributes increase the risk of microbial contamination and proliferation, instability, and safety of the product. This problem becomes even more acute when the composition must qualify as "natural". Eliminating conventionally used synthetic, inorganic, and / or petroleum-derived ingredients from the formulator's toolbox severely hampers their ability to manufacture effective and stable skin treatment products. One might argue that a skilled formulator in the art can determine through routine experimentation which plant extracts, co-ingredients, excipients, solvents, and the amount of each substance can be combined to obtain the desired product. However, as mentioned above, given the absolute number of combinatorial arrangements that exist, based on the number of ingredients that can be selected, the successful formulation of such products is more based on luck and chance as opposed to routine experimentation.

[0029] Based on the foregoing, an object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide natural, organic, and approved skin care compositions and methods that are effective in treating and preconditioning skin suffering from oxidative stress.

[0030] Another object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide natural, organic, and approved compositions and methods that can actively precondition the skin and enhance its own ability to resist free radical attack.

[0031] Another object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide skin care compositions and methods that use natural ingredients to provide effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity while treating or addressing oxidative stress and / or preconditioning the skin against free radical attack. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0032] The present disclosure relates to a composition intended for application to human skin, the composition comprising: (1) a mixture of at least the following: (a) an extract of the leaves of Aristotelia chilensis; (b) an extract of the leaves of Buddleja globosa; (c) an extract of the leaves of Ugni molinae; and (d) optionally, an extract of the bark / seeds of Entada phaseoloides; (e) optionally, a blend of extracts of Pfaffia paniculata, Ptychopetalum olacoides, and Lilium candidum; and (f) at least one humectant; (2) an emulsifier; and (3) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (a)-(f) are employed in amounts sufficient to synergistically neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin while actively preconditioning the skin to enhance its own ability to resist free radical attack, thereby improving its health and appearance, and wherein the composition is natural.

[0033] According to another embodiment, the present disclosure also relates to a composition intended for application to the skin, the composition comprising: (1) a preservative system; (2) a mixture of at least the following: (a) an extract of the leaves of Rubus leucodermis; (b) an extract of the leaves of Buddleja globosa; and (c) an extract of the leaves of Myrciaria floribunda; and (d) optionally, an extract of the bark / seeds of Entada phaseoloides; (e) optionally, a blend of extracts of Amaranthus caudatus, Croton lechleri, and Lilium candidum; and (f) at least one humectant; (3) an emulsifier; and (4) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (a)-(f) are employed in amounts sufficient to synergistically neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin while actively preconditioning the skin to enhance its own ability to defend against future free radical assaults, thereby improving its health and appearance, and wherein the composition is natural, free of skin-sensitizing amounts of essential oils, and has a pH range of from about 4.5 to about 5.5, and preferably from about 4.8 to about 5.3.

[0034] The present disclosure also relates to a method of treating and preconditioning skin suffering from or at risk of oxidative stress by applying one of the compositions disclosed above to the skin to enhance its health and appearance.

[0035] According to another embodiment, the present disclosure also relates to a method of actively preconditioning the skin and enhancing its own ability to defend against future free radical assaults.

[0036] According to yet another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a natural preservative system in cooperation with a skin care composition and method for treating or addressing oxidative stress. The preservative system can be the preservative system discussed in co-pending application 16 / 669,045 filed on October 30, 2019, and this application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0037] According to yet another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a skin care composition intended for application to the skin as a sunscreen or sunblock product.

[0038] Upon reading this disclosure, these and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] To describe the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and features of the present disclosure can be obtained, a more particular description of the present disclosure briefly described above will be presented by reference to specific embodiments of the present disclosure, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that these drawings only depict typical embodiments of the present disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the scope of the present disclosure.

[0040] The present disclosure will be described and explained with additional features and details by using the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0041] Figure 1 Shows the levels of superoxide dismutase activity in response to different compositions comprising components of embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 2 Shows the levels of superoxide dismutase activity in response to different compositions comprising components of embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0043] Figure 3 Shows the transmission spectra of components of embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0044] Figure 4 Shows the results of a microbial attack assay using an exemplary all-natural preservative system in a composition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] Figure 5 Shows the results of a microbial attack assay using an exemplary all-natural preservative system in a composition according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] Figure 6 Shows the results of a microbial attack assay using an exemplary all-natural preservative system in a composition according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Description

[0047] For the purposes of the present disclosure, the use of the term "natural" is intended to encompass ingredients or formulations that are synonymous with the terms "green", "clean", "organic", "sustainable", "eco-friendly", or "environmentally friendly" as known and used in the art. Approved ingredients or formulations. For example, the term "natural" can be used in the context of holistic or homeopathic formulations and is intended to include those botanical, paraben-free, and / or non-toxic topical consumer products and / or preservative systems.

[0048] Furthermore, when used in the context of the antimicrobial properties of a preservative or preservative system, the term "broad-spectrum" is intended to describe those preservatives or preservative systems of the present disclosure that have the ability to inhibit the growth of or kill a variety of microorganisms that cause topical consumer products to spoil or deteriorate. By way of example, a "broad-spectrum" preservative system inhibits the growth of or kills a variety of bacteria and fungi, preferably a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, molds, and / or other fungi.

[0049] The compositions of the present disclosure can comprise the components of the present disclosure and other ingredients described herein, consist essentially of the components of the present disclosure and other ingredients described herein, or consist of the components of the present disclosure and other ingredients described herein. As used herein, the term "comprising" is intended to include the various optional and compatible components that can be used in the preservative systems and cosmetic compositions of the present disclosure, without limiting the inclusion, use, or cooperation with other ingredients, excipients, uses, or otherwise. As used herein, the term "consisting essentially of" means that the composition or component can include additional ingredients, provided that the additional ingredients do not materially alter the basic and novel features of the composition or method.

[0050] As used herein, the terms "preferred", "preferably", and their variants refer to embodiments of the present disclosure that provide certain benefits in certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may be preferred in the same or other circumstances. Moreover, the recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful, and it is not intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0051] As used herein, numerical ranges are intended to include every number and subset of numbers contained within the recited range, whether specifically disclosed or not. Moreover, these numerical ranges should be interpreted as providing support for claims directed to any number or subset of numbers within the range.

[0052] Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages, parts, ratios, and proportions used herein are by weight of the total composition. All such weights related to the listed ingredients are based on the active level.

[0053] All references to singular features or limitations of the present disclosure shall include the corresponding plural features or limitations, and vice versa, unless otherwise stated or clearly implied to the contrary in the context in which the reference is made.

[0054] All publications, articles, papers, patents, patent publications, and other references cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes, to the extent consistent with the present disclosure.

[0055] The terms "prime" and "priming" as described herein refer to the process of rehydrating / humidifying and repairing the barrier function of human skin to actively protect it from future oxidative stress.

[0056] As used herein, the term "oxidative stress" refers to a disruption of the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and / or free radicals and antioxidants present in the skin caused by extrinsic and / or intrinsic factors. Extrinsic factors include, for example, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, pollution, and products containing harsh chemicals. Intrinsic factors include, for example, chronological aging, an individual's genetic makeup, and other biological changes occurring within the skin.

[0057] As used herein, the term "skin-sensitizing effective amount" is intended to exclude the amount of volatile essential oils that can cause an allergic reaction upon contact with an individual's skin. Skin sensitization is an immune response to a prior exposure to a substance that causes an inflammatory skin reaction. Allergic skin reactions typically manifest as red, itchy, bumpy rashes. Examples of types of volatile essential oils that can cause skin sensitization, depending on their amount in a skin care composition, include but are not limited to frankincense, myrrh, and sweet orange.

[0058] As used herein, the term "free radicals" refers to those ROS that are formed when the skin undergoes oxidative stress caused by extrinsic factors, including exposure to ultraviolet radiation and environmental stressors such as pollution and harmful chemical agents commonly present in hard surface cleaning products.

[0059] The present disclosure generally relates to compositions and methods for effectively reducing oxidative stress to enhance the health and appearance of human skin, while at the same time or alternatively enabling the skin to defend itself against additional free radical assaults. In addition, the compositions are natural, organic, and approved, and thus do not contain synthetic and / or petroleum-derived ingredients.

[0060] The inventors unexpectedly discovered that a natural composition free of a skin-sensitizing effective amount of essential oils, which comprises a mixture of specific plant infusions, the mixture comprising at least: (a) an extract of the leaves of Aristotelia chilensis; (b) an extract of the leaves of Buddleja globosa; (c) an extract of the leaves of Myrciaria floribunda; (d) optionally, an extract of the bark / seeds of Entada phaseoloides; and (e) optionally, a blend of extracts of Amaranthus caudatus, Croton lechleri, and Lilium candidum, when applied to the skin, synergistically reduces oxidative stress to improve the health and appearance of the skin, while at the same time priming the skin so that it can protect itself against future free radical assaults.

[0061] The extract of Aristotelia chilensis leaves is derived from the leaves of a small dioecious evergreen tree of the Elaeocarpaceae family native to the Valdivian temperate rainforest in Chile, South America, which tree is also known as the maqui tree. The extract has been found to contain large amounts of anthocyanins, indole alkaloids, and flavonoids. These compounds serve as a source of antioxidants that help neutralize free radicals and protect the skin's DNA.

[0062] It was also found that this extract is rich in the anthocyanin delphinidin. In the study entitled "NADPH oxidase is a novel target of delphinidin for the inhibition of UVB-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts", Lim TG, Jung SK, Kim Y, Lee HJ, Jang TS, Lee KW, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Experimental Dermatology, 2013, 22, 417-437, it was reported that delphinidin effectively inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1 expression in the skin, which is known to cause degradation of dermal collagen. Various enzyme systems in the skin are associated with the production of endogenous ROS, including the enzyme system NADPH oxidase (NOX), which plays a key role in triggering ROS production. Studies have shown that NOX activation is thus closely related to ROS-induced skin aging. The study concluded that delphinidin significantly inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts, which then inhibits the activation of the NOX enzyme, thereby inhibiting ROS production, and thus this particular anthocyanin can prevent photoaging.

[0063] This extract is commercially available from N-Active EIRL under the trade name MAQUI.

[0064] Based on the total weight of the composition, the Rubus leucodermis leaf extract from Chile is preferably employed in an amount of from about 1 to about 10% by weight, and most preferably from about 2 to about 5% by weight.

[0065] The Buddleja globosa leaf extract is derived from the leaves of Buddleja globosa, also known as matico, a flowering plant native to Chile and Argentina. The extract has been found to contain glycosylated flavonoids and phenylethanoid compounds such as verbascoside, iridoids, triterpenes, diterpenes and sesquiterpenes, as well as two caffeic acid derivatives. These compounds show promise in wound healing due to their ability to promote fibroblast growth and have strong antioxidant effects. This particular leaf extract is also rich in stigmasterol, an unsaturated phytosterol found in vegetable oils.

[0066] In an article titled "Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of Buddleja globosa, Buddlejaceae", Backhouse N, Rosales L, Apablaza C, L, Erazo S, Negrete R, Theodoluz C, Rodríguez J, Delporte C J, "Journal of Ethnopharmacology" on March 5, 2008; 116(2): 263 - 9, it was reported that plant extracts with fractions rich in stigmasterol and β-sitosterol showed anti-inflammatory properties. This extract is commercially available from N-Active EIRL under the trade name MATICO.

[0067] Based on the total weight of the composition, the Buddleja globosa leaf extract is preferably used in an amount of about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, and most preferably about 1 to about 2% by weight.

[0068] The Myrciaria floribunda leaf extract is derived from the leaves of a woody evergreen shrub of the myrtaceae family common in Chile and is also known by its Spanish name murta. The extract has been found to contain various phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol. These compounds have been found to have strong antioxidant activity against ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide anion production.

[0069] In an article titled "MURTA (Ugni molinae Turcz.): A REVIEW ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF LEAVES AND FRUITS", Lopez J, Vega-Galvez A, Rodriguez A, Uribe E, Bilbao-Sainz C, Chilean J. Agric. Anim. Sci., ex Agro-Ciencia (2018) 34(1): 1-14, it was found that the leaf extract of Ugni molinae Turcz. contains a large amount of flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavonols, flavanols), condensed and hydrolysable tannins, stilbenes (resveratrol) and phenolic acids, which have antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. As previously mentioned, anthocyanins have been found to have antioxidant / free radical scavenging properties, which can prevent oxidative stress, a phenomenon that has been shown to have a negative impact on skin health and appearance.

[0070] Based on the total weight of the composition, the leaf extract of Ugni molinae Turcz. is preferably used in an amount of about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, and most preferably about 1 to about 2% by weight. This extract is commercially available from N-Active EIRL under the trade name MURTA.

[0071] The Entada phaseoloides bark / seed extract is derived from the seeds of a woody evergreen vine of the Fabaceae family found in Africa, Asia, Australia and the Western Pacific. Its main molecules include Entadamide A and Phaseoloidin. Entadamide A restricts the isomerization of urocanic acid in the skin, thereby inhibiting inflammation and immunosuppression, while also acting as an ultraviolet absorber. Phaseoloidin, a glucuronide of homogentisic acid, is a molecule with excellent free radical scavenging ability.

[0072] In a study titled "Experimental evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of topical application of entada phaseoloides seeds as paste and ointment", Dawane J, Pandit V, Rajopadhye B, N Am J Med Sci. November 2011;3(11):513-517, the topical application of paste and ointment containing entada phaseoloides bark / seed extract was confirmed to have potent anti-inflammatory properties.

[0073] Based on the total weight of the composition, the entada phaseoloides bark / seed extract can be employed in an amount of about 1 to about 5 wt%, and preferably in an amount of about 2 to about 3 wt%. This extract is commercially available from Biosil Technologies, Inc., Allendale, NJ, under the trade name Commercially available.

[0074] The blends of the present disclosure include amaranthus caudatus, canella winterana, and lilium candidum extracts. The amaranthus caudatus root extract is derived from a plant of the amaranthaceae family commonly found in South America. It is an extract characterized by the presence of vitamins, minerals, amino acids, phytosterols, ecdysterone, ecdysteroside, allantoin, mucilage, and saponins. This extract has been found to have anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and analgesic properties.

[0075] The canella winterana bark / stem extract is derived from a flowering plant of the family olacaceae native to the central amazon forest. The extract, which has antioxidant properties, is characterized by the presence of alkaloids, resin materials rich in organic acids and tannins, trace essential oils, sterols, triterpenols, and lupeol.

[0076] The lilium candidum extract is derived from the bulbs and flowers of the liliaceae family. It is characterized by the presence of amino acids, flavonoids, glycosides, and steroids, and has been found to have antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. The blend of amaranthus caudatus, canella winterana, and lilium candidum extracts is commercially available from Chemyunion LTDA, a Brazilian company headquartered in Sao Paulo, under the name Bioskinup TM Contour 3R.

[0077] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, based on the total weight of the composition, the blend can be employed in an amount of about 1 to about 5 wt%, and preferably in an amount of about 2 to about 3 wt%.

[0078] The compositions of the present disclosure further include at least one humectant to further enhance the hydration and moisturization of the skin, thereby providing enhanced priming. The humectant is typically employed in an amount of from about 1.0 to about 6.0 wt%, and preferably from about 1.5 to about 4.0 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. Examples of suitable humectants include, but are not limited to, hyaluronic acid and its derivatives such as sodium hyaluronate and hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid, lecithin, aloe barbadensis, panthenol, glycerin, and seaweed. A particularly preferred humectant for use in the examples of the skin care compositions and methods of the present disclosure is hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid.

[0079] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a composition intended for application to the skin of a human being suffering from or at risk of suffering from oxidative stress, the composition comprising: (1) a mixture of at least the following: (a) from about 1 to about 10 wt%, and preferably from about 2% to about 5 wt% of an extract of the leaves of Rubus leucodermis; (b) from about 0.5 to about 3 wt%, and preferably from about 1 to about 2 wt% of an extract of the leaves of Buddleja globosa; (c) from about 0.5 to about 3 wt%, and preferably from about 1 to about 2 wt% of an extract of the leaves of Myrciaria floribunda; (d) optionally, from about 1 to about 5 wt%, and preferably from about 2 to about 3 wt% of an extract of the bark / seeds of Entada phaseoloides; (e) optionally, a blend of from about 1 to about 5 wt%, and preferably from about 2 to about 3 wt% of extracts of Amaranthus caudatus, Croton cajucara, and Lilium candidum; and (f) from about 1 to about 8 wt%, and preferably from about 2 to about 6 wt% of at least one humectant, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition; (2) an emulsifier; and (3) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (a)-(f) are employed in an amount sufficient to neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin and to protect against further free radical assault, thereby enhancing the health and appearance of the skin, and wherein the composition is natural.

[0080] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the inventors unexpectedly discovered a natural preservative system that comprises a combination of a specific amount of Lactobacillus ferment, Lactobacillus, and an extract of the fruit of Cocos nucifera (coconut), salicylic acid (optional in some embodiments), a weak acid salt such as potassium sorbate, and optionally petroleum-free propylene glycol, which effectively prevents and inhibits microbial growth on and in the composition when incorporated into a composition having a specific pH range.

[0081] The Lactobacillus fermentate of the present disclosure is preferably employed in an amount of from about 1 to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 2 to about 4% by weight, and more preferably from about 2 to about 4% by weight of the total composition. "Lactobacillus fermentate" can refer to a solution obtained after fermentation of a defined growth medium by bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus. During fermentation, the Lactobacillus bacteria produce antimicrobial peptides which, at appropriate concentrations and / or in combination with other antimicrobial agents, can provide broad-spectrum antimicrobial protection. Exemplary Lactobacillus fermentates are commercially available from Micro Technologies under the trade name SF.

[0082] The Lactobacillus and coconut fruit extract can include any coconut tree fruit extract that has been fermented by Lactobacillus and / or included together with the Lactobacillus fermentate of the present disclosure, and is preferably employed in an amount of from about 1 to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 2 to about 4% by weight of the total composition. "Lactobacillus-fermented coconut tree fruit extract" can refer to a solution obtained after fermentation of a coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) fruit extract rather than a defined growth medium by Lactobacillus. The result is a substantially different antimicrobial product that is effective in preventing the growth of fungi, specifically yeasts and molds, at appropriate concentrations and / or in combination with other antimicrobial agents. Exemplary Lactobacillus and coconut tree extracts are commercially available from Micro Technologies under the trade name Coconut and are typically associated with the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) name, Lactobacillus and coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) fruit extract.

[0083] When present, salicylic acid is preferably employed in an amount of at most about 0.5% by weight, preferably from about 0.1 to about 0.45% by weight and more preferably from about 0.2 to about 0.4% by weight of the total composition. It should be noted that using salicylic acid in an amount of about 0.5% by weight or greater than about 0.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, renders the composition a drug that requires FDA approval before being commercialized and sold in the United States. In some embodiments, salicylic acid can be omitted by adjusting the concentration of the Lactobacillus fermentate, the Lactobacillus and coconut tree fruit extract, and / or other ingredients described in more detail herein.

[0084] The weak acid salt is preferably employed in an amount of at most about 0.5% by weight, preferably from about 0.1 to about 0.45% by weight and more preferably from about 0.2 to about 0.4% by weight of the total composition. A preferred weak acid salt is potassium sorbate (i.e., the potassium salt of sorbic acid). Other weak acids that can be used in their salt form include, but are not limited to, acetic acid, propionic acid, and benzoic acid.

[0085] Propylene glycol, such as petroleum-free 1,3-propanediol, is typically employed in an amount of from about 1 wt% to about 10 wt%, preferably from about 2 wt% to about 8 wt% and more preferably from about 4 wt% to about 6 wt% of the total composition. Exemplary petroleum-free 1,3-propanediol is commercially available from Dupont Tate&Lyle Bio Products under the trade name Propanediol and may be associated with the INCI name propylene glycol.

[0086] The inventors have unexpectedly found that the ability of the preservative systems of the present disclosure to effectively inhibit microbial growth depends critically on the pH of the composition in which it is used. For example, if the preservative system is used in a composition having a pH of 6, it does not provide the necessary broad-spectrum protection required for acceptable storage stability / shelf life. Accordingly, the pH of a composition comprising the preservative system of the present disclosure can be in the range of from about 4.5 to about 5.5, and preferably from about 4.8 to about 5.3.

[0087] According to this embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a skin care composition intended for application to human skin to enhance its health and appearance, the composition comprising: (1) a preservative system including: (a) from about 1 to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 2 to about 4% by weight of Lactobacillus ferment; (b) from about 1 to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 2 to about 4% by weight of Lactobacillus and coconut fruit extract; (c) at most about 0.5% by weight, preferably from about 0.1 to about 0.45, and most preferably from 0.25 to about 0.4% by weight of salicylic acid; (d) from about 0.1 to about 0.5% by weight, and preferably from about 0.2 to about 0.4% by weight of at least one weak acid salt, preferably potassium sorbate; and (e) from about 1 to about 10% by weight, preferably from about 2 to about 8% by weight, and most preferably from about 4 to about 6% by weight of 1,3 - propanediol; (2) a mixture of at least the following: (f) from about 1 to about 10% by weight, and preferably from about 2 to about 5% by weight of the leaf extract of Rubus leucodermis; (g) from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, and preferably from about 1 to about 2% by weight of the leaf extract of Buddleja globosa; (h) from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, and preferably from about 1 to about 2% by weight of the leaf extract of Eugenia uniflora; (i) optionally, from about 1 to about 5% by weight, and preferably from about 2 to about 3% by weight of the bark / seed extract of Entada phaseoloides; (j) optionally, from about 1 to about 5% by weight, and preferably from about 2 to about 3% by weight of a blend of extracts of Amaranthus caudatus, Croton cajucara and Lilium candidum; and (k) from about 1 to about 8% by weight, and preferably from about 2 to about 6% by weight of at least one humectant, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition; (3) an emulsifier; and (4) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (f)-(k) are employed in an amount sufficient to neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin and / or protect against additional free radical attack, thereby enhancing the health and / or appearance of the skin, and wherein the composition is natural, free of skin - sensitizing amounts of essential oils, and has a pH range of from about 4.5 to about 5.5, and preferably from about 4.8 to about 5.3.

[0088] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a skin care composition intended for application to human skin to enhance its health and appearance, the composition comprising: (1) a preservative system which includes: (a) from about 1 to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 2 to about 4% by weight of Lactobacillus ferment; (b) from about 1 to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 2 to about 4% by weight of Lactobacillus-fermented coconut fruit extract; (c) preferably from about 0.1 to about 0.45% by weight, preferably from about 0.25 to about 0.4% by weight of salicylic acid; (d) up to about 0.5% by weight, preferably from about 0.2 to about 0.4% by weight of at least one weak acid salt, preferably potassium sorbate; and (e) from about 1 to about 10% by weight, preferably from about 2 to about 8% by weight, and most preferably from about 4 to about 6% by weight of petroleum-free propylene glycol; (2) a mixture of at least the following: (f) from about 1 to about 10% by weight, and preferably from about 2 to about 5% by weight of the leaf extract of Rubus leucodermis; (g) from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, and preferably from about 1 to about 2% by weight of the leaf extract of Buddleja globosa; (h) from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, and preferably from about 1 to about 2% by weight of the leaf extract of Myrciaria floribunda; (i) optionally, from about 1 to about 5% by weight, and preferably from about 2 to about 3% by weight of the bark / seed extract of Entada phaseoloides; (j) optionally, from about 1 to about 5% by weight, and preferably from about 2 to about 3% by weight of a blend of extracts of Amaranthus caudatus, Caesalpinia echinata and Lilium candidum; and (k) from about 1 to about 8% by weight, and preferably from about 2 to about 6% by weight of at least one humectant, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition; (3) an emulsifier; and (4) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (f)-(k) are employed in an amount sufficient to neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin and / or protect against additional free radical attack, thereby enhancing the health and / or appearance of the skin, and wherein the composition is natural, free of skin-sensitizing amounts of essential oils, and has a pH range of from about 4.5 to about 5.5, and preferably from about 4.8 to about 5.3.

[0089] According to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a skin care composition intended for application to human skin to enhance its health and appearance, the composition comprising: (1) a preservative system which includes: (a) from about 1 to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 2 to about 4% by weight of Lactobacillus ferment; (b) from about 1 to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 2 to about 4% by weight of Lactobacillus-fermented coconut fruit extract; (c) preferably from about 0.1 to about 0.45% by weight, preferably from about 0.25 to about 0.4% by weight of salicylic acid; (d) from about 0.1 to about 0.5% by weight, preferably from about 0.2 to about 0.4% by weight of at least one weak acid salt, preferably potassium sorbate; and (e) from about 1 to about 10% by weight, preferably from about 2 to about 8% by weight, and most preferably from about 4 to about 6% by weight of a petroleum-free 1,3-propanediol; (2) a mixture of at least the following: (f) from about 1 to about 10% by weight, and preferably from about 2 to about 5% by weight of the leaf extract of Rubus leucodermis Dougl.; (g) from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, and preferably from about 1 to about 2% by weight of the leaf extract of Buddleja globosa; (h) from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, and preferably from about 1 to about 2% by weight of the leaf extract of Myrciaria floribunda; (i) optionally, from about 1 to about 5% by weight, and preferably from about 2 to about 3% by weight of the bark / seed extract of Entada phaseoloides; (j) optionally, from about 1 to about 5% by weight, and preferably from about 2 to about 3% by weight of a blend of extracts of Amaranthus caudatus, Croton cajucara Benth. and Lilium candidum; and (k) from about 1 to about 8% by weight, and preferably from about 2 to about 6% by weight of at least one humectant, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition; (3) an emulsifier; and (4) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (f)-(k) are employed in an amount sufficient to neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin and / or protect against additional free radical attack, thereby enhancing the health and / or appearance of the skin, and wherein the composition is natural, free of skin-sensitizing amounts of essential oils, and has a pH range of from about 4.5 to about 5.5, and preferably from about 4.8 to about 5.3.

[0090] In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a skin care composition intended for application to human skin to enhance its health and appearance, the composition comprising: (1) a preservative system consisting of: (a) from about 2 to about 4% by weight of Lactobacillus ferment; (b) from about 2 to about 4% by weight of Lactobacillus-fermented coconut fruit extract; (c) from about 0.25 to about 0.4% by weight of salicylic acid; (d) from about 0.2 to about 0.4% by weight of at least one weak acid salt, preferably potassium sorbate; and (e) from about 4 to about 6% by weight of petroleum-free 1,3-propanediol; (2) a mixture of at least the following: (f) from about 1 to about 10% by weight, and preferably from about 2 to about 5% by weight, of the leaf extract of Rubus leucodermis; (g) from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, and preferably from about 1 to about 2% by weight, of the leaf extract of Buddleja globosa; (h) from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, and preferably from about 1 to about 2% by weight, of the leaf extract of Myrciaria floribunda; (i) optionally, from about 1 to about 5% by weight, and preferably from about 2 to about 3% by weight, of the bark / seed extract of Entada phaseoloides; (j) optionally, from about 1 to about 5% by weight, and preferably from about 2 to about 3% by weight, of a blend of extracts of Amaranthus caudatus, Croton zehntneri and Lilium candidum; and (k) from about 1 to about 8% by weight, and preferably from about 2 to about 6% by weight, of at least one humectant, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition; (3) an emulsifier; and (4) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (f)-(k) are employed in an amount sufficient to neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin and / or protect against additional free radical attack, thereby enhancing the health and / or appearance of the skin, and wherein the composition is natural, free of skin-sensitizing amounts of essential oils, and has a pH range of from about 4.5 to about 5.5, and preferably from about 4.8 to about 5.3.

[0091] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a skin care composition intended for application to human skin to enhance its health and appearance, the composition comprising: (1) a preservative system consisting of: (a) about 2 to about 4% by weight of Lactobacillus ferment; (b) about 2 to about 4% by weight of Lactobacillus-fermented coconut fruit extract; (c) about 0.25 to about 0.4% by weight of salicylic acid; (d) about 0.2 to about 0.4% by weight of at least one weak acid salt, preferably potassium sorbate; and (e) about 4 to about 6% by weight of petroleum-free 1,3-propanediol; (2) a mixture of at least the following: (f) about 1 to about 10% by weight, and preferably about 2 to about 5% by weight of the leaf extract of Rubus leucodermis Dougl.; (g) about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, and preferably about 1 to about 2% by weight of the leaf extract of Buddleja globosa; (h) about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, and preferably about 1 to about 2% by weight of the leaf extract of Myrciaria floribunda; (i) optionally, about 1 to about 5% by weight, and preferably about 2 to about 3% by weight of the bark / seed extract of Entada phaseoloides; (j) optionally, about 1 to about 5% by weight, and preferably about 2 to about 3% by weight of a blend of extracts of Amaranthus caudatus, Croton cajucara and Lilium candidum; and (k) about 1 to about 8% by weight, and preferably about 2 to about 6% by weight of at least one humectant, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition; (3) an emulsifier; and (4) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (f)-(k) are employed in an amount sufficient to neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin and / or protect against additional free radical attack, thereby enhancing the health and / or appearance of the skin, and wherein the composition is natural, free of skin-sensitizing amounts of essential oils, and has a pH range of about 4.5 to about 5.5, and preferably about 4.8 to about 5.3.

[0092] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a skin care composition intended for application to human skin to enhance its health and appearance, the composition comprising: (1) a preservative system consisting of: (a) about 4% by weight of Lactobacillus ferment; (b) about 4% by weight of Lactobacillus-fermented coconut fruit extract; (c) about 0.4% by weight of potassium sorbate; and (e) about 4% by weight of petroleum-free 1,3-propanediol; (2) a mixture of at least the following: (f) about 1 to about 10% by weight, and preferably about 2 to about 5% by weight of the leaf extract of Rubus leucodermis; (g) about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, and preferably about 1 to about 2% by weight of the leaf extract of Buddleja globosa; (h) about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, and preferably about 1 to about 2% by weight of the leaf extract of Myrciaria floribunda; (i) optionally, about 1 to about 5% by weight, and preferably about 2 to about 3% by weight of the bark / seed extract of Entada phaseoloides; (j) optionally, about 1 to about 5% by weight, and preferably about 2 to about 3% by weight of a blend of the extracts of Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Croton cajucara and Lilium candidum; and (k) about 1 to about 8% by weight, and preferably about 2 to about 6% by weight of at least one humectant, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition; (3) an emulsifier; and (4) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (f)-(k) are employed in an amount sufficient to neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin and / or protect against additional free radical attacks, thereby enhancing the health and / or appearance of the skin, and wherein the composition is natural, free of skin-sensitizing amounts of essential oils, and has a pH range of about 4.5 to about 5.5, and preferably about 4.8 to about 5.3.

[0093] Dermatologically acceptable carriers can encompass a wide variety of forms. In some cases, the solubility or dispersibility of the components in the composition can determine the form and properties of the carrier. Non-limiting examples include simple solutions (e.g., aqueous or anhydrous), dispersions, emulsions, and solid forms. In certain embodiments, the dermatologically acceptable carrier is in the form of an emulsion. Emulsions can generally be classified as having a continuous aqueous phase (e.g., water-in-oil and water-in-oil-in-water) or a continuous oil phase (e.g., oil-in-water or water-in-oil). While the oil phase can contain any vegetable oil as long as it does not cause skin sensitization, a particularly preferred oil component is almond oil.

[0094] The present inventors unexpectedly found that the use of almond oil enables the compounds present in plant extracts to effectively penetrate the skin without having to use skin-sensitizing essential oils, while still promoting the desired level of efficacy. This is because almond oil is rich in β-sitosterol, squalene, and α-tocopherol, as well as smaller amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals such as the vitamin B complex (including vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12) and zinc. In addition, the phytochemicals in almond oil are thought to effectively promote surface-level proliferation and skin cell development. Other oils that can be used include, but are not limited to, vegetable oils such as olive oil, jojoba oil, babassu oil, castor oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, flaxseed oil, mustard oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, wheat germ oil, argan oil, and marula oil.

[0095] Without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure, any ingredient capable of emulsifying the composition can be used as an emulsifier, provided that it is natural and / or dermatologically acceptable. Examples include, but are not limited to, glyceryl stearate, cetyl alcohol, sodium stearoyl lactylate, sorbitan olivate, cetyl stearyl olivate, cetearyl alcohol, cetearyl glucoside, sodium cetearyl sulfate, and the like. It is also particularly preferred that the emulsifier does not contain palm oil.

[0096] The compositions of the present disclosure can be provided to consumers in a variety of product forms, including but not limited to solutions, suspensions, emulsions, creams, gels, sprays, ointments, foams, and serums. For example, the above compositions can be used as a base formulation to formulate products intended to be applied to the skin after shaving to help relieve irritation associated with the mechanical stress on the skin caused by the shaving process.

[0097] In an embodiment, products intended to be applied to the skin before or during exposure to sunlight to act as a sunscreen or sunblock can be formulated according to the above compositions as a base formulation.

[0098] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the compositions may also optionally contain suitable, optional ingredients as needed. For example, the compositions may optionally include other active or inactive ingredients, provided that they do not unacceptably alter the benefits of the skin care composition, are natural, and / or do not promote skin sensitization. The exact amounts of the optional ingredients will be determined by those skilled in the art.

[0099] Examples of optional additive ingredients that can be employed include, but are not limited to, humectants, emollients, flavonoids, minerals, chelating agents, pH regulators / buffers, rheology modifiers, phytosterols, vitamin B3 compounds, anti-inflammatory agents such as licorice extract, bisabolol, manjistha extracted from plants in the genus Rubia, guggal extracted from plants in the genus Commiphora, Quillaja saponaria extract, cola nut extract, chamomile, red clover extract, gorgonian extract, hibiscus extract, lucuma extract, banyan tree extract, red algae extract, sea kale extract, Iceland moss extract, Saskatoon berry extract, Siberian ginseng extract, spruce needle extract, birch bark extract, yarrow extract, marigold extract, and thatch grass extract.

[0100] Additional ingredients that can be employed to further enhance the efficacy of the present disclosure can include, for example, Boldo leaf extract, murumuru seed butter, shea (Butyrospermum parkii) butter, Theobroma grandiflorum seed butter, Spondias mombin pulp extract, Mangifera indica pulp extract, Musa sapientum pulp extract, Mauritia flexuosa fruit oil, Physalis angulata extract, xylityl sesquicaprylate, Vaccinium myrtillus seed oil, Cucubita pepo seed extract, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, Centella asiatica leaf extract, tamarind seed polysaccharide, Zanthoxylum bungeanum fruit extract, Lactococcus fermentation lysate, Bellis perennis flower extract, Coffea arabica seed cake extract, Coffea arabica seed oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, Pichia fermentation lysate filtrate, and whey protein.

[0101] Particularly preferred optional ingredients for use in the compositions of the present disclosure are emollients, which may be employed in amounts of from about 1 to about 15% by weight, preferably from about 2 to about 5% by weight, and all weights therebetween. Examples of preferred emollients include, but are not limited to, seed fats such as babassu seed fat and cupuaçu seed fat. These seed fats provide an enhanced degree of emolliency to the compositions of the present disclosure. Particularly preferred seed fat is babassu seed fat.

[0102] In addition to the above ingredients, certain types of adjunct ingredients may also be added to the compositions of the present disclosure to prophylactically inhibit the formation of free radicals caused by ultraviolet radiation, which induce oxidative stress in the skin, thereby promoting photo-inhibition.

[0103] Examples of such adjunct ingredients include, but are not limited to, oil from the hairless pongamia (pongamia glabra) (karanja) tree, Dunaliella salina algal extract (which is rich in beta-carotene), Haematococcus pluvialis extract (which is rich in astaxanthin), red algae (which is rich in mycosporine-like amino acids), zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide.

[0104] When employed, the extract of the leaves of the bordeaux tree (bordeaux) will generally be used in amounts of from about 0.1 to about 5.0% by weight of the composition, such as from about 0.5 to about 3.0% by weight and from about 1.0 to about 2.0% by weight.

[0105] In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of treating and / or preconditioning skin suffering from or at risk of suffering from oxidative stress by applying one of the compositions disclosed above to the skin to enhance its health and / or appearance.

[0106] Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method of actively preconditioning human skin and enhancing the ability of human skin to defend itself against future free radical attacks by applying one of the compositions disclosed above to the skin.

[0107] Example

[0108] The following examples set forth herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way, as many variations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Unless otherwise stated, all concentrations in the examples are given as weight percentages.

[0109] Example 1

[0110] The total glutathione quantification and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of a mixture of Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. + Buddleja globosa Hook. + Geum macrophyllum Willd. extracts (hereinafter, “ M3”) were evaluated by enzymatic assays in lysed cells. Absorbance readings for total glutathione were taken at 410 nm and for SOD at 450 nm using a Multiscan GO microplate reader purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific of Waltham, MA. The quantification values were normalized by the total protein in the samples using the Bradford technique as described in Anal. Biochem, 72:248-254.

[0111] Primary human fibroblasts were seeded in 75 cm 2 flasks, cultured, and amplified in a 37 °C incubator in the presence of 5% CO2. After reaching confluence, the cells were seeded in well plates and exposed to hydrogen peroxide and a quantifying mediator.

[0112] For statistical evaluation, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to initially measure the variation in the results, followed by a Bonferroni post-test to make the ANOVA results more precise. A 5% significance level was used.

[0113] Figure 1 Bar graph 100 of shows the amount of SOD activity (P<0.001) in human fibroblasts exposed to different amounts of

[0114] M3 110, 112, 114 compared to the oxidative stress group H2O2 108 and the baseline control 106. Here, it can be seen that at various concentration levels, based on the increased SOD activity, M3 110, 112, 114 resulted in a significant increase in the protective effect against oxidative stress, with a standard deviation of 3. Thus, while exposure of human fibroblasts to the oxidative stress caused by H2O2 108 led to a decrease in SOD activity, subsequent

[0115] exposure to M3 increased the SOD activity by approximately 100%. Figure 2 Regarding the total glutathione production in human fibroblasts, bar graph 200 below in further confirmed the protective effect obtained when using

[0116] Here, it can also be seen that at At various concentration levels 210, 212, 214 of M3, based on the increased total glutathione production, M3 caused a significant increase in the protective effect of human fibroblasts against oxidative stress, with the same standard deviation 3. Thus, although the oxidative stress of human fibroblasts caused by H2O2 208 exposure led to a decrease in total glutathione, subsequent exposure to M3 210, 212, 214 significantly increased the total glutathione production.

[0117] Figure 1 and 2 In the results of view of the ability of M3 to enhance cellular antioxidant capacity by regulating the antioxidant mediators SOD and total glutathione, its achieved significant antioxidant activity was demonstrated.

[0118] Example 2

[0119] In this example, the photoprotective effect of M3 against visible light in the range of 400 - 700 nm was evaluated, because long-term exposure to visible light has been shown to induce oxidative stress, which may contribute to unwanted skin pigmentation (dark spots), inflammation, and oxidative photoaging. Visible blue radiation (440 - 485 nm), also known as "blue light", can penetrate the skin more deeply than UVA and UVB light, reaching as far as the dermis where collagen and elastin are located. In addition to the sun, electronic devices such as smart phones and computer screens emit blue light, and most people are exposed to a large amount of blue light every day. The potential negative photoaging consequences of such exposure to the skin are disturbing.

[0120] To evaluate its blocking ability, a thin film of M3 was applied to a Helioplate HD6 substrate from HelioScreen Labs. Then the transmission spectrum was obtained using a UV 2450 Shimadzu spectrophotometer (ISR-240A) with an integrating sphere, which is available from Shimadzu Corporation of Kyoto, Japan. The spectral scan range was 400 - 700 nm, and three measurements were made to ensure accuracy, and the results are shown in Figure 3

[0121] Figure 3 From Figure 3 the graph 300, it can be seen that in the range of 440 - 485 nm, that is, the average transmittance 306 of blue light in the UV range is approximately 67%, and the average value is approximately 69%. Therefore, approximately 31% or one-third of the blue light radiation is blocked by M3 effectively blocks, further demonstrating its ability to inhibit oxidative stress and photoaging damage.

[0122] Example 3

[0123] The leaf extracts Rubus leucodermis and Rubus chamaemorus were evaluated to determine their ability to prevent the formation of unwanted thymidine dimers when exposed to UVB radiation. When the skin is exposed to UVB radiation, the thymidine bases in DNA can absorb the UVB radiation to form thymidine dimers (also known as thymine dimers) in DNA, complicating the cell's efforts to replicate DNA and function normally. In this experiment, an in vitro thymidine dimer assay was performed using a skin model composed of normal human epidermal keratinocytes cultured to form a multi-layer model of human epidermis.

[0124] One group of tissues was treated with Rubus leucodermis leaf extract for seven days, another group of tissues was tested with Rubus chamaemorus leaf extract for seven days, and a third group was not treated. Then all three groups of tissues were exposed to UVB radiation of 300 mJ / cm 2 Then the DNA was extracted and the thymidine dimer content was analyzed.

[0125] The DNA was then immobilized and incubated with an antibody specific for thymidine dimers. Then the primary antibody was detected with a secondary antibody conjugated to a fluorescent dye. Then the membrane was scanned with a combination of an excitation laser specific for the fluorescent dye and an emission filter, such that the fluorescence intensity of each sample was proportional to the amount of thymidine dimers present in the sample, and a lower fluorescence intensity favorably indicated a lower level of cell damage caused by UVB radiation. The results of the thymidine dimer assay are shown in Table 1 below, expressed as mean relative fluorescence units (RFU) + Standard deviation.

[0126] Table 1

[0127] Corrected RFU No UVB exposure 514+57.30 Untreated 5.463+80.50 50 ug / ml Trolox (a vitamin E analogue) 4.380+393.00 5% Chilean guava 3.418+673.10 4% Berry fragrance fruit 4.246+426.30

[0128] The data in Table 1 show that compared with the untreated tissues, the tissues treated with 5% concentration of Rubus leucodermis resulted in a reduction in thymidine dimer formation by approximately 41%, and the tissues treated with 4% concentration of Rubus chamaemorus resulted in a reduction in thymidine dimer formation by approximately 25%, thus demonstrating their photoprotective effect against UVB-induced DNA damage.

[0129] Example 4

[0130] In this example, M3 was used to determine its effect on skin erythema (i.e., sunburn). A total of 10 volunteers were recruited, each of whom was affected by mechanically induced erythema caused by the continuous repetition of applying and removing transparent medical tape on the forearm 20 times. The MX18 and Multiprobe Adapter MPA-5 from Courage&Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany were used for erythema measurement. Initial measurements were taken immediately after mechanical injury, followed by two additional measurements at 30 and 60 minute intervals. The results showed that all volunteers treated with M3 experienced a 41% reduction in erythema after 30 minutes and a 76% reduction after 60 minutes, demonstrating M3's ability to soothe skin suffering from externally caused erythema.

[0131] These results indicate that the use of M3 provides a soothing effect on skin suffering from erythema.

[0132] Example 5

[0133] In this example, M3 was evaluated to determine its effect on nitric oxide production in cultured epidermal keratinocytes. It is well known that when the skin is exposed to external aggressors such as ultraviolet radiation, pollutants, chemical irritants, cosmetic treatments, etc., it can usually cause an inflammatory response, leading to erythema and edema, both of which are painful and unsightly. One of the factors that send inflammatory signals is nitric oxide (NO) endogenously produced by various cells to regulate physiological processes such as neurotransmission, smooth muscle contractility, platelet reactivity, and the cytotoxic activity of immune cells. High levels of NO have been found in pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis and chronic intestinal inflammation, to name just a few.

[0134] Cultured epidermal keratinocytes (PAM 212 keratinocytes) were treated with M3 at three concentration levels: 1%, 3%, and 5%. First, the cultured cells were made to express nitric oxide synthase, resulting in the production of NO from L-arginine. The control was a selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, added to the cultured cells to completely (100%) inhibit NO production. The production of NO was measured using a colorimeter. The results obtained showed that at 1%, M3 inhibited 58.0% of NO production; at 3%, it inhibited 46.2%; and at 5%, it inhibited 25.3%, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing skin inflammation.

[0135] Example 6

[0136] Compositions according to the present disclosure were evaluated to determine their ability to successfully pass a micro - preservative efficacy test (PET) challenge. The compositions tested are shown in Table 2 below.

[0137] Table 2

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] A graphical representation of the results of the microbial challenge assays performed on the exemplary skin - care compositions listed in Table 2 above is shown in Figure 4 As seen in Figure 4 graph 400 thereof, which shows the logarithm 402 of the colony - forming units (CFU) / g of sample as a function of the number of days 404 after the start of the microbial challenge assay, the composition reduced each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, internal contaminants, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aspergillus brasiliensis, and Candida albicans by day 2, with no subsequent minor increase in any microbial species. The above test results confirm the successful preservation of the composition using the preservative system of the present disclosure in combination with M3.

[0141] Example 7

[0142] Compositions according to another embodiment of the present disclosure were evaluated to determine their ability to successfully pass a micro - PET challenge. The compositions tested are shown in Table 3 below.

[0143] Table 3

[0144]

[0145] As Figure 5 seen in graph 500 thereof, which shows the logarithm 502 of the colony - forming units (CFU) / g of sample as a function of the number of days 504 after the start of the microbial challenge assay, the composition reduced each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, internal contaminants, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Candida albicans by day 2 and Aspergillus brasiliensis by day 7, with no subsequent minor increase in any microbial species. The above test results confirm the successful preservation of the composition using the preservative system of the present disclosure in combination with M3.

[0146] Example 8

[0147] Compositions according to the present disclosure were evaluated to determine their ability to successfully pass the microPET challenge. The compositions tested are shown in Table 4 below.

[0148] Table 4

[0149]

[0150] As Figure 6 seen in Graph 600 thereof, which shows the logarithm 602 of CFU / g sample as a function of the number of days 604 after initiation of the microbial challenge assay, the composition reduced each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, internal contaminants, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Candida albicans by day 2 and Aspergillus brasiliensis by day 7, with no subsequent minor increases in any microbial species. The above test results confirm the successful preservation of the composition using the preservative system of the present disclosure in combination with M3, and / or other ingredients of the skin care composition for treating oxidative stress according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0151] Example 9

[0152] Extracts of leaves of Myrtus communis (common myrtle), Buddleja globosa (globular buddleja), Rubus leucodermis (whitebark raspberry), and Ugni molinae (molina) were evaluated to determine the gene expression effects, if any, they might indicate following UVB exposure according to the protocol indicated below.

[0153] Reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) tissue was obtained from ZenBio (Research Triangle Park, NC; lot number RHE051820) and used immediately. The tissue was transferred to a 6-well plate and equilibrated for one hour in 1 ml of pre-warmed medium / well ZenSkin provided by ZenBio. Then, samples of the above ingredients undiluted were added in triplicate at 3 mg / cm 2 using a volumetric pipette and spread evenly over the top of the RHE tissue. Sterile distilled water was used as a negative control. The tissue was incubated with the test materials for a three-hour period and then transferred to a new 24-well plate and exposed to 30 mJ / cm 2 (equivalent to 1 minimal erythema dose or MED) of UVB (302 nm). The tissue was then returned to the original six-well plate with medium and incubated overnight.

[0154] At the end of the cultivation, the QiaCube Connect robotic station (Qiagen) was used to extract RNA and purify it with the RNeasy Mini Kit catalog number 74104 from Qiagen (Germantown, MD). The purified total RNA was assayed at 260 nm and 280 nm using a Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA) NanoDrop TM Lite spectrophotometer.

[0155] cDNA was prepared using the High-Capacity RNA-to-cDNA TM Kit (Applied Biosystems, Thermo Fisher), and the expression of the gene of interest was measured by real-time quantitative PCR using a BioRad iCycler iQ detection system with PCR primers from Realtimeprimers (Elkins Park, PA) and AzuraView GreenFast qPCR Blue Mix LR available from Azura Genomics (Raynham, MA). After normalizing gene expression to HPRT1 and GAPDH (housekeeping genes), the results were quantified using the efficiency ΔΔCt method.

[0156] Genes were considered differentially expressed if the p-value determined by a two-tailed t-test was ≤ 0.10 and the modulation was ≥ 1.8.

[0157] Tissues treated with Bordeaux exhibited anti-inflammatory (downregulation of CD44, MAP3K7, PTGS2, MMP1, IL8, IL1A; upregulation of TIMP2), anti-apoptotic (downregulation of FOXO3), anti-proliferative (decrease in MAP3K7, PCNA, END1), vasoprotective (upregulation of HSPG2, ITGB1), and barrier-protective (upregulation of AQP3, TGM1, LOR, downregulation of CD44) responses. The reduction of UVB-induced pro-inflammatory signals by Bordeaux demonstrated a reduced need for antioxidant responses (downregulation of TXNRD1 and possibly CAT), with no apparent xenobiotic metabolism response.

[0158] Tissues treated with Piper angustifolium reduced the expression of genes encoding late differentiation proteins (IVL, FLG, CDSN) and potentially increased cell viability (BIRC5), demonstrating a potential photoprotective effect.

[0159] Tissues treated with maytenus demonstrate that maytenus is a highly bioactive substance. It is found to support barrier protection and ceramide production by means of a strong upregulation of AQP3 and LOR, as well as FLG and GBA, together with a decrease in HAS3 (which is expected in the differentiated layer of the epithelium and is promoted by ascorbic acid), together with anti-inflammatory properties (as evidenced by a significant decrease in the activity of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-8).

[0160] Maytenus is also found to trigger a decrease in the expression of AGER, a receptor for AGE (advanced glycation end products) and a major factor contributing to skin aging. Maytenus also appears to exhibit a role in promoting pigmentation by inhibiting ASIP. Other regulatory genes include VEGFA (stimulating blood vessel growth and thus skin oxygenation), TIMP (MMP inhibition), and TLR2 (upregulation), the expression of which is important for the repair of damage (such as that caused by UVB irradiation). Tissues treated with maytenus also produced a large amount of RNA, indicating that the test material has a broad photoprotective effect against UVB-induced cytotoxicity, which is supported by a strong downregulation of pro-apoptotic, UVB-induced FOXO3.

[0161] Tissues treated with morta demonstrate complex bioactive characteristics, with pro-inflammatory effects (a significant increase in IL1A, PTSG2, and EDN1), and an increase in the gene expression encoding proteins important for stratum corneum formation (DSG3, TGM1, LOR) and skin repair after UVB irradiation (TLR2). In addition, CTGF is significantly upregulated, demonstrating its potential to increase ECM (extracellular matrix) production.

[0162] Tissues treated with a combination of piper angustifolium, maytenus, and morta exhibit unusually robust bioactivity. Both the VEGFA and PPARD genes are upregulated, demonstrating the bio-signaling triggered by the administration of the combination of piper angustifolium, maytenus, and morta. This type of cell communication related to the immune system is a biological response of the skin to environmental stressors. Environmental stressors associated with ultraviolet radiation exposure may result in oxidative stress and the subsequent formation of free radicals on the skin. Similarly, both the IL8 and MT2A genes are downregulated, demonstrating the triggering of those skin biological processes associated with a reduction in inflammation caused by UV radiation exposure (i.e., anti-inflammatory effects). Finally, the SMPD1, TGM1, and AQP3 genes are upregulated, indicating that the combination triggers biological processes demonstrating enhanced barrier function of the skin after UV radiation exposure (i.e., skin priming function).

[0163] The above embodiments establish the efficacy of the disclosed embodiments in enhancing the skin suffering from oxidative stress caused by external stressors such as ultraviolet radiation and environmental pollution and preconditioning the skin to enhance its ability to function as a barrier, thereby enabling it to better resist external attacks on its own. The embodiments may advantageously include one or a combination of Boldo (Peumus boldus) leaf extract, Buddleja globosa leaf extract, Aristotelia chilensis (Maqui) leaf extract, and Myrciaria floribunda (Mota) leaf extract, which can synergistically enhance, precondition, and / or alleviate the skin.

[0164] By providing the skin care compositions and methods according to the present disclosure, the problems of existing skin care compositions and methods for treating oxidative stress are solved, which include non-natural ingredients, harsh synthetic preservatives, and other harmful components. Embodiments of the present disclosure advantageously provide a composition that is effective for neutralizing free radicals in the skin and / or preconditioning the skin to enhance its own ability to resist future free radical attacks.

[0165] The embodiments of the skin care composition and method solve the problems that existing skin care treatments are non-natural and / or insufficient to treat skin conditions such as oxidative stress.

Claims

1. A composition intended for application to the skin of a human being suffering from oxidative stress, said composition comprising: (1) A mixture of at least the following: (a) From 1 to 10% by weight of an extract of the leaves of Rubus leucodermis Dougl. (b) From 0.5 to 3% by weight of an extract of the leaves of Buddleja globosa (c) From 0.5 to 3% by weight of an extract of the leaves of Myrciaria floribunda (West.) Berg; and (f) From 1.0 to 8.0% by weight of at least one humectant; (2) An emulsifier; and (3) A dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein (a), (b), (c) and (f) synergistically neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin while actively priming the skin to enhance its own ability to defend against future free radical attacks, thereby improving its health and appearance, wherein the composition is natural and free of essential oils in a skin-sensitizing effective amount, and has a pH range of 4.5 to 5.5, and wherein the composition is in the form of a solution, suspension, cream, gel, spray, ointment, foam or a combination thereof.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the mixture further comprises: (d) from 1 to 5% by weight of an extract of the bark / seeds of Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr.

3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the mixture further comprises: (e) from 1 to 5% by weight of a blend of extracts of Amaranthus caudatus L., Croton zehntneri Pax & K. Hoffm. and Lilium candidum L.

4. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the mixture further comprises: (e) from 1 to 5% by weight of a blend of extracts of Amaranthus caudatus L., Croton zehntneri Pax & K. Hoffm. and Lilium candidum L.

5. The composition according to claim 4, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of from 2 to 5% by weight; (b) is employed in an amount of from 1 to 2% by weight; (c) is employed in an amount of from 1 to 2% by weight; (d) is employed in an amount of from 2 to 3% by weight; (e) is employed in an amount of from 2 to 3% by weight; and (f) is employed in an amount of from 1.5 to 4.0% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

6. The composition according to claim 2, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of from 1 to 10% by weight; (b) is employed in an amount of from 0.5 to 3% by weight; (c) is employed in an amount of from 0.5 to 3% by weight; (d) is employed in an amount of from 1 to 5% by weight; and (f) is employed in an amount of from 1.0 to 6.0% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

7. The composition according to claim 2, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of from 2 to 5% by weight; (b) is employed in an amount of from 1 to 2% by weight; (c) is employed in an amount of from 1 to 2% by weight; (d) is employed in an amount of from 2 to 3% by weight; and (f) is employed in an amount of from 1.5 to 4.0% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

8. The composition according to claim 3, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of from 1 to 10% by weight; (b) is employed in an amount of from 0.5 to 3% by weight; (c) is employed in an amount of from 0.5 to 3% by weight; (e) is employed in an amount of from 1 to 5% by weight; and (f) is employed in an amount of from 1.0 to 6.0% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

9. The composition according to claim 3, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5% by weight; (b) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (c) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (e) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3% by weight; and (f) is employed in an amount of 1.5 to 4.0% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

10. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a Boldo tree leaf extract employed in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

11. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a Boldo tree leaf extract employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

12. A composition intended for application to the skin of a human being suffering from oxidative stress, the composition comprising: (1) A preservative system, the preservative system comprising: (a) 1 to 5% by weight of a Lactobacillus ferment; (b) 1 to 5% by weight of a Lactobacillus and coconut fruit extract; (c) up to 0.5% by weight of salicylic acid; and (d) 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of at least one weak acid salt; and (e) 1 to 10% by weight of petroleum-free 1,3-propanediol; (2) A mixture of at least the following: (f) 1 to 10% by weight of a leaf extract of Rubus leucodermis; (g) 0.5 to 3% by weight of a leaf extract of Buddleja globosa; (h) 0.5 to 3% by weight of a leaf extract of Eugenia uniflora; and (k) 1.0 to 8.0% by weight of at least one humectant, wherein (f), (g), (h) and (k) synergistically neutralize existing free radicals present in the skin while actively pre-stimulating the skin to enhance its own ability to resist future free radical attacks; (3) An emulsifier; and (4) A dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein the composition is natural, free of essential oils in a skin-sensitizing effective amount, and has a pH range of 4.5 to 5.

5.

13. The composition according to claim 12, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 4% by weight; (b) is employed in an amount of 2 to 4% by weight; (c) is employed in an amount of 0.1 to 0.45% by weight; and (d) is employed in an amount of 0.2 to 0.4% by weight; and (e) is employed in an amount of 2 to 8% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

14. The composition according to claim 12, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 4% by weight; (b) is employed in an amount of 2 to 4% by weight; (c) is employed in an amount of 0.25 to 0.4% by weight; and (d) is employed in an amount of 0.2 to 0.4% by weight; and (e) is employed in an amount of 4 to 6% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

15. The composition according to claim 12, wherein the mixture further comprises: (i) 1 to 5% by weight of a bark / seed extract of Entada phaseoloides.

16. The composition according to claim 12, wherein the mixture further comprises: (j) a blend of 1 to 5% by weight of extracts of Amaranthus caudatus, Croton cajucara Benth., and Lilium candidum.

17. The composition according to claim 15, wherein the mixture further comprises: (j) a blend of 1 to 5% by weight of extracts of Amaranthus caudatus, Croton cajucara Benth., and Lilium candidum.

18. The composition according to claim 17, wherein (f) is employed in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight; (g) is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3% by weight; (h) is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3% by weight; (i) is employed in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight; (j) is employed in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight; and (k) is employed in an amount of 1.0 to 6.0% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

19. The composition according to claim 17, wherein (f) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5% by weight; (g) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (h) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (i) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3% by weight; (j) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3% by weight; and (k) is employed in an amount of 1.5 to 4.0% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

20. The composition according to claim 15, wherein (f) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5% by weight; (g) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (h) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (i) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3% by weight; and (k) is employed in an amount of 2.0 to 6.0% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

21. The composition according to claim 16, wherein (f) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5% by weight; (g) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (h) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (j) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3% by weight; and (k) is employed in an amount of 2.0 to 6.0% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

22. The composition according to any one of claims 12 to 21, having a pH range of 4.8 to 5.

3.

23. The composition according to any one of claims 12 to 21, further comprising Boldo leaves extract employed in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

24. The composition according to claim 23, wherein the Boldo leaves extract is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

25. Use of a composition in the manufacture of a medicament for treating skin suffering from oxidative stress and actively preconditioning the skin to enhance its own ability to resist future free radical attacks, the composition comprising: (1) at least the following mixture: (a) 1 to 10% by weight of the leaf extract of Rubus leucodermis Dougl.; (b) 0.5 to 3% by weight of the leaf extract of Buddleja globosa Hort. ex Rchb.; (c) 0.5 to 3% by weight of the leaf extract of Myrciaria floribunda (West.) Berg; and (f) 1.0 to 8.0% by weight of at least one humectant; (2) an emulsifier; and (3) a dermatologically acceptable carrier ​ wherein (a), (b), (c) and (f) are employed in an amount that synergistically neutralizes existing free radicals present in the skin while actively preconditioning the skin to enhance its own ability to defend against future free radical assaults, thereby improving its health and appearance, wherein the composition is natural and free of essential oils in a skin-sensitizing effective amount, and has a pH range of 4.5 to 5.5, and wherein the composition is in the form of a solution, suspension, cream, gel, spray, ointment, foam or a combination thereof.

26. The use according to claim 25, wherein the mixture further comprises: (d) 1 to 5% by weight of an extract of the bark / seeds of Entada phaseoloides.

27. The use according to claim 25, wherein the mixture further comprises: (e) 1 to 5% by weight of a blend of extracts of Amaranthus caudatus, Condalia hookeri and Lilium candidum.

28. The use according to claim 26, wherein the mixture further comprises: (e) 1 to 5% by weight of a blend of extracts of Amaranthus caudatus, Condalia hookeri and Lilium candidum.

29. The use according to claim 28, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5% by weight; (b) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (c) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (d) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3% by weight; (e) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3% by weight; and (f) is employed in an amount of 2.0 to 6.0% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

30. The use according to claim 26, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight; (b) is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3% by weight; (c) is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3% by weight; (d) is employed in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight; and (f) is employed in an amount of 1.0 to 6.0% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

31. The use according to claim 26, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5% by weight; (b) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (c) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (d) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3% by weight; and (f) is employed in an amount of 1.5 to 4.0% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

32. The use according to claim 27, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5% by weight; (b) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (c) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (e) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3% by weight; and (f) is employed in an amount of 2.0 to 6.0% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

33. The use according to any one of claims 25 to 32, further comprising an extract of Croton lechleri leaves employed in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

34. The use according to claim 33, wherein the extract of Croton lechleri leaves is employed in an amount of 0.5 to 3% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. Use of a composition for preparing a medicament for simultaneously treating skin suffering from oxidative stress and actively preconditioning said skin to enhance its own ability to resist future free radical attacks, said composition comprising: (1) A preservative system, said preservative system comprising: (a) 1 to 5% by weight of Lactobacillus ferment; (b) 1 to 5% by weight of Lactobacillus and coconut fruit extract; (c) At most 0.5% by weight of salicylic acid; and (d) 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of at least one weak acid salt; and (e) 1 to 10% by weight of petroleum-free 1,3-propanediol; (2) A mixture of at least the following: (f) 1 to 10% by weight of the leaf extract of Rubus leucodermis Dougl.; (g) 0.5 to 3% by weight of the leaf extract of Buddleja globosa Hook.; (h) 0.5 to 3% by weight of the leaf extract of Myrciaria floribunda Berg; and (k) 1.0 to 8.0% by weight of at least one humectant, wherein (f), (g), (h) and (k) synergistically neutralize existing free radicals present in said skin while actively preconditioning said skin to enhance its own ability to resist future free radical attacks; (3) An emulsifier; and (4) A dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein said composition is natural, free of essential oils in a skin-sensitizing effective amount, and has a pH range of 4.5 to 5.

5.

36. The use according to claim 35, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 4% by weight; (b) is employed in an amount of 2 to 4% by weight; (c) is employed in an amount of 0.1 to 0.45% by weight; and (d) is employed in an amount of 0.2 to 0.4% by weight; and (e) is employed in an amount of 2 to 8% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of said composition.

37. The use according to claim 35, wherein (a) is employed in an amount of 2 to 4% by weight; (b) is employed in an amount of 2 to 4% by weight; (c) is employed in an amount of 0.25 to 0.4% by weight; and (d) is employed in an amount of 0.2 to 0.4% by weight; and (e) is employed in an amount of 4 to 6% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of said composition.

38. The use according to claim 35, wherein the mixture further comprises: (i) 1 to 5% by weight of the bark / seed extract of Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr.

39. The use according to claim 35, wherein the mixture further comprises: (j) 1 to 5% by weight of a blend of extracts of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., Croton cajucara Benth. and Lilium candidum L.

40. The use according to claim 38, wherein the mixture further comprises: (j) 1 to 5% by weight of a blend of extracts of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., Croton cajucara Benth. and Lilium candidum L.

41. The use according to claim 40, wherein (f) is employed in an amount of 2 to 5% by weight; (g) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (h) is employed in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (i) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3% by weight; (j) is employed in an amount of 2 to 3% by weight; and (k) is employed in an amount of 2.0 to 6.0% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of said composition.

42. The use according to claim 38, wherein (f) is used in an amount of 2 to 5% by weight; (g) is used in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (h) is used in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (i) is used in an amount of 2 to 3% by weight; and (k) is used in an amount of 2.0 to 6.0% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

43. The use according to claim 39, wherein (f) is used in an amount of 2 to 5% by weight; (g) is used in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (h) is used in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight; (j) is used in an amount of 2 to 3% by weight; and (k) is used in an amount of 2.0 to 6.0% by weight, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

44. The use according to any one of claims 35 to 43, wherein the pH range of the composition is from 4.8 to 5.

3.

45. The use according to any one of claims 35 to 43, further comprising a Bordeaux tree leaf extract used in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

46. The use according to claim 45, wherein the Bordeaux tree leaf extract is used in an amount of 0.5 to 3% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

Images