Air control device and vehicle-mounted fuel cell engine system

Abstract

The present invention provides an air control device and an on-vehicle fuel cell engine system, belonging to the field of fuel cell engines. These devices address the low energy recovery rate and the icing of the water distribution components and expander at low temperatures in existing fuel cell engines. The device comprises an air compressor, a three-way valve, a water distribution component, and a controller. The air compressor further comprises a motor, a pressure wheel, and a turbine; both the pressure wheel and the turbine employ a sealed structure and are provided with an air inlet and an exhaust port. After the air compressor is started, the motor drives the pressure wheel to rotate, pressurizing the air passing through it. Gas input from the turbine-side air inlet drives the turbine, providing driving force for the motor in addition to the controller. The air inlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the compressor's pressure wheel exhaust port via a main line, while the air outlet is connected to the compressor's turbine-side air inlet via the exhaust end of the water distribution component. A bypass line is connected to the compressor's turbine-side air inlet. This prevents surge, improves energy utilization, and prevents the water distribution components and expander from freezing at low temperatures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell engines, and in particular to an air control device and a vehicle-mounted fuel cell engine system. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell engine converts chemical energy into electrical energy through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen is compressed by an air compressor before entering the fuel cell stack. Unreacted gas is discharged through a downward-sloping exhaust pipe.

[0003] However, the gas in the downward-sloping exhaust pipe of a fuel cell engine has a certain amount of kinetic energy and thermal energy. If it is discharged directly, it will result in a certain amount of energy waste. The energy of the exhaust gas can be utilized to some extent, such as using waste heat to heat the entire vehicle or using an expander for energy recovery.

[0004] Existing technology for energy recovery through an expander separates water and gas from the exhaust, with the gas then entering the expander before being discharged. However, the gas entering the expander still contains a certain amount of water vapor and liquid water. When operating at low temperatures, the expander may freeze, and ice may also form at the drain outlet of the water distribution component.

[0005] The existing technology lacks a device that effectively solves the problem of low energy recovery and utilization of fuel cell engines and the problem of easy freezing of water distribution components and expanders at low temperatures. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The embodiments of the present invention aim to provide an air control device and a vehicle-mounted fuel cell engine system to solve the problems of low energy recovery and utilization rate of existing fuel cell engines and easy freezing of water distribution components and expanders at low temperatures.

[0007] On the one hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides an air control device, including an air compressor, a three-way valve, a water distribution component and a controller; wherein,

[0008] The air compressor further includes a motor, and a pressure wheel and a turbine respectively arranged on both sides of the motor; the pressure wheel and the turbine are both sealed structures and are respectively provided with an air inlet and an exhaust port; after the air compressor is started, the motor drives the pressure wheel to rotate, thereby pressurizing the air passing through the pressure wheel; the gas input from the turbine side air inlet drives the turbine to rotate, providing driving force for the motor in addition to the controller;

[0009] The stack's air inlet is connected to the compressor's impeller-side exhaust port through the main outlet of the three-way valve, and the air outlet is connected to the compressor's turbine-side air inlet through the exhaust end of the water distributor. The three-way valve's bypass outlet is also connected to the compressor's turbine-side air inlet. The controller's output is connected to the motor and the control end of the three-way valve, respectively.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: it solves the problem of low energy recovery rate of fuel cell engines, and the problem that the water distribution parts and expanders of existing fuel cell engines are prone to freezing when used at low temperatures, and has an anti-surge effect. Specifically, the gas temperature at the outlet of the air compressor is relatively high. When the fuel cell engine is running, in order to avoid surge of the air compressor during operation, part of the gas at the outlet of the air compressor can be discharged through a bypass through a three-way valve. Directly discharging it into the downward-inclined tail pipe will cause a waste of the energy of this part of the gas. Connecting this part of the gas outlet to the inlet of the turbine end of the air compressor improves the utilization rate of this part of the gas energy. In addition, when the fuel cell engine is shut down, the turbine end and the drain outlet of the water distribution part on the air compressor can be purged to avoid residual liquid water and to avoid freezing. If freezing occurs, the high-temperature gas at the outlet of the air compressor can still be used for defrosting.

[0011] Based on the further improvement of the above device, the air control device also includes an air filter arranged at the front end of the air compressor;

[0012] The air outlet of the air filter is connected to the air inlet on the pressure wheel side of the air compressor;

[0013] The beneficial effects of the above further improvement scheme are: adding an air filter to filter impurities in the air, effectively increasing the service life of the air compressor, the entire air control device and even the fuel cell engine system;

[0014] The air control system also includes an intercooler;

[0015] The intercooler is arranged between the main outlet of the three-way valve and the air inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned further improvement scheme are: after adding the intercooler, the temperature of the air entering the stack can be controlled, thereby improving the efficiency and service life of the stack;

[0017] The controller further comprises:

[0018] The data acquisition unit is used to collect the air flow at the air inlet or outlet on the compressor side and the speed of the motor in real time and send it to the data processing and control unit;

[0019] The data processing and control unit is used to, after receiving a start-up command, first control the air compressor to purge the drainage end of the water distribution component and the turbine of the air compressor through the bypass outlet of the three-way valve until the liquid water and ice at the purge position disappear, and after the purge is completed, control the air compressor to provide the fuel cell stack with the air required for power generation through the main outlet of the three-way valve; and, during the normal operation of the fuel cell stack, judge whether the air flow at the air inlet or outlet on the compressor wheel side and the speed of the motor are within a preset surge data range, and if so, increase the bypass outlet opening of the three-way valve; and, after receiving a shutdown command, first control the air compressor to purge the fuel cell stack through the main outlet of the three-way valve, and after the purge is completed, control the air compressor to purge the drainage end of the water distribution component and the turbine of the air compressor through the bypass outlet of the three-way valve until the liquid water and ice at the purge position disappear;

[0020] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned further improvement scheme are: the composition of the controller and the functions of each part are limited. Different programs are executed when receiving the start-up command, shutdown command and when the fuel cell is working. When starting at low temperatures, the freezing problem of the water distribution parts and expanders of the existing fuel cell engine is avoided by purging first and then generating electricity. When the stack is powered normally, it is detected at any time whether surge may occur. Once it falls within the preset surge data range, the bypass outlet of the three-way valve is immediately opened to avoid surge. When shutting down at low temperatures, the stack is purged first and then the water distribution parts and expander are purged to avoid residual liquid water and avoid freezing. This greatly increases the service life of the fuel cell;

[0021] The data processing and control unit executes the following procedures;

[0022] After receiving the start-up command, the main outlet of the three-way valve is controlled to be closed and the bypass outlet is opened;

[0023] Start the air compressor and control the air output from the air compressor to purge the drainage end of the water distribution component and the turbine of the air compressor through the bypass outlet of the three-way valve. After the purge reaches the preset time, adjust the opening of the main outlet and bypass outlet of the three-way valve to the preset opening;

[0024] During normal operation of the fuel cell stack, monitor the air flow at the compressor's impeller-side air inlet and outlet, as well as the motor's speed;

[0025] At regular intervals, the air flow at the compressor's impeller side air inlet and outlet, as well as the motor speed, are determined to see if they are within the preset surge data range. If either is within the preset range, the bypass outlet opening of the three-way valve is increased.

[0026] After receiving the shutdown command, adjust the opening of the main outlet and bypass outlet of the three-way valve to the preset shutdown purge opening, control the air output of the air compressor to purge the inside of the fuel cell stack through the main outlet of the three-way valve, until the purge reaches the preset time, close the main outlet of the three-way valve, control the bypass outlet of the three-way valve to be fully opened, and control the air output of the air compressor to purge the drainage end of the water distribution component and the turbine of the air compressor through the bypass outlet of the three-way valve until the purge reaches the preset time;

[0027] Turn off the air compressor and monitor the air flow at the exhaust port on the compressor wheel side. When the air flow at the exhaust port reaches zero, close the bypass outlet.

[0028] The above-mentioned improved solution has the following beneficial effects: further limiting the control process, increasing reliability, avoiding waste caused by gas leakage, and avoiding the problem of low air temperature when the three-way valve is installed on the intercooler and then bypassed.

[0029] Furthermore, the air control device further comprises a humidifier;

[0030] The air inlet of the humidifier is connected to the output end of the intercooler, the air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack, the tail gas inlet is connected to the air outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the tail gas outlet is connected to the input end of the water distribution component.

[0031] The beneficial effect of the above-mentioned further improvement scheme is that after adding a humidifier, the stack entry control can meet the optimal humidity requirements and improve the service life of the stack.

[0032] Furthermore, the air control device also includes an intake throttle and an exhaust throttle;

[0033] The input end of the air intake throttle is connected to the output end of the intercooler, the output end is connected to the air inlet of the humidifier, and the control end is connected to the output end of the controller;

[0034] The input end of the tail exhaust throttle is connected to the tail gas outlet of the humidifier, the output end is connected to the input end of the water distribution component, and the control end is connected to the output end of the controller.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned further improvement scheme are: adding an intake throttle and an exhaust throttle can prevent gas leakage, further increasing the safety of the fuel cell engine;

[0036] The air control device also includes a downward-sloping tailpipe;

[0037] The inlet of the tail discharge pipeline is connected to the turbine side air outlet of the air compressor and the drainage end of the water distribution component respectively;

[0038] The data acquisition unit further includes a gas flow sensor respectively arranged at the air inlet or the air outlet on the compression wheel side of the air compressor, and a speed sensor arranged at the motor rotor.

[0039] The beneficial effect of the above-mentioned further improvement scheme is that after adding the tail exhaust pipeline, gas accumulation can be reduced and safety risks can be reduced.

[0040] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted fuel cell engine system of an air control device, further comprising a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen intake device, and an engine controller;

[0041] The engine controller is used to receive a vehicle startup command input by the user, send a startup command to the air control device, start the hydrogen intake device after the main outlet and bypass outlet of the three-way valve are opened to a preset opening, and output the result of normal operation of the fuel cell stack until the output current of the fuel cell stack reaches the rated operating current; after receiving a vehicle shutdown command input by the user, turn off the hydrogen intake device and send a shutdown command to the air control device.

[0042] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: solving the problem of low energy recovery rate of fuel cell engines, and the problem that water distribution parts and expanders of existing fuel cell engines are prone to freezing when used at low temperatures, and having an anti-surge effect.

[0043] Based on the further improvement of the above engine, the vehicle-mounted fuel cell engine system also includes a hydrogen recovery device; wherein,

[0044] The air inlet of the hydrogen recovery device is connected to the exhaust end of the water separation component, the hydrogen outlet is connected to the air inlet of the hydrogen injection device, and the tail gas outlet is connected to the turbine side air inlet of the air compressor; and

[0045] The hydrogen gas intake device further comprises a hydrogen source and a hydrogen spray device connected in sequence; the gas outlet of the hydrogen spray device is connected to the hydrogen gas inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0046] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further improvement scheme is that the energy utilization rate is further improved through the hydrogen recovery equipment.

[0047] This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent through a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals generally represent like components throughout the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0049] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the composition of the air control device of Example 1 is shown;

[0050] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the composition of the air intake and exhaust control device of Example 2 is shown;

[0051] Figure 3 A circuit connection diagram of the air intake and exhaust control device of Example 2 is shown;

[0052] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of part of the control principle of the air intake and exhaust control device of Example 2 is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the present disclosure more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0054] As used herein, the term "including" and its variations represent open inclusion, i.e., "including but not limited to." Unless otherwise stated, the term "or" means "and / or." The term "based on" means "based at least in part on." The terms "an example embodiment" and "an embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment." The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment." The terms "first," "second," etc. may refer to different or the same objects. Other explicit and implicit definitions may also be included below.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] One embodiment of the present invention discloses an air control device, including an air compressor, a three-way valve, a water distribution component and a controller. Figure 1 shown.

[0057] The air compressor further includes a motor, a pressure wheel, and a turbine, both mounted on either side of the motor. Both the pressure wheel and turbine are sealed and have air inlets and exhaust ports. After the compressor is started, the controller controls the motor to rotate the pressure wheel, pressurizing the air passing through it. Air entering the turbine's air inlet drives the turbine, providing additional driving force for the motor in addition to the controller.

[0058] The air inlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the exhaust port on the impeller side of the air compressor through the main outlet of the three-way valve, and the air outlet is connected to the air inlet on the turbine side of the air compressor through the exhaust end of the water distributor; the bypass outlet of the three-way valve is also connected to the air inlet on the turbine side of the air compressor; the output end of the controller is respectively connected to the control end of the motor and the three-way valve.

[0059] During implementation, when the inlet air flow of the air compressor is higher than the air compressor surge line (see patent 201820798483.8 or patent 202022204174.3), the controller controls the bypass outlet to be fully opened; when the inlet air flow of the air compressor is lower than the air compressor surge line flow, the main outlet opening and the bypass outlet opening are set to pre-calibrated values.

[0060] When operating at low temperatures, when the vehicle is started, the controller first controls the main outlet of the three-way valve to close and the bypass outlet to open, and starts the air compressor. The air is blown through the bypass outlet of the three-way valve to the drainage end of the water distribution component and the turbine of the air compressor to eliminate liquid water and ice. After the blowdown is completed, the air compressor is controlled to provide the air required for power generation to the fuel cell stack through the main outlet of the three-way valve.

[0061] When the vehicle is shut down, the main outlet and bypass outlet of the three-way valve are at preset openings, and the air compressor purges the fuel cell stack through the main outlet of the three-way valve. After the purge is completed, the air compressor is controlled to purge the drainage end of the water distribution component and the turbine of the air compressor through the bypass outlet of the three-way valve until the preset time for the liquid water and ice to disappear is reached. The bypass outlet of the three-way valve is closed, and then the air compressor is turned off.

[0062] Compared to the prior art, the air control device provided in this embodiment solves the problem of low energy recovery and utilization rate in fuel cell engines, as well as the problem of ice easily forming on the water distribution components and expanders of existing fuel cell engines when used at low temperatures, and also has an anti-surge effect. Specifically, the gas temperature at the air compressor outlet is relatively high. When the fuel cell engine is running, to avoid surge in the air compressor during operation, part of the gas at the air compressor outlet can be discharged through a bypass valve via a three-way valve. Direct discharge into the downward-sloping tail pipe will waste the energy of this part of the gas. Connecting this part of the gas outlet to the inlet of the turbine end of the air compressor improves the utilization rate of this part of the gas energy. In addition, when the fuel cell engine is shut down, the turbine end and the drain outlet of the water distribution component on the air compressor can be purged to avoid residual liquid water and ice formation. If ice does form, the high-temperature gas at the air compressor outlet can still be used to melt the ice.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] Based on the improvement of Example 1, the air control device further includes an air filter arranged at the front end of the air compressor, such as Figures 2-3The air outlet of the air filter is connected to the air inlet on the pressure wheel side of the air compressor.

[0065] Preferably, the air control device further includes an intercooler, wherein the intercooler is arranged between the main outlet of the three-way valve and the air inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0066] Preferably, the controller further comprises a data acquisition unit and a data processing and control unit which are connected in sequence.

[0067] The data acquisition unit is used to collect the air flow at the air inlet or outlet on the compressor wheel side and the speed of the motor in real time and send them to the data processing and control unit.

[0068] Preferably, the data acquisition unit further includes a gas flow sensor respectively arranged at the air inlet or the air outlet on the compression wheel side of the air compressor, and a speed sensor arranged at the motor rotor.

[0069] The data processing and control unit is used to, after receiving a start-up command, first control the air compressor to purge the drainage end of the water distribution component and the turbine of the air compressor through the bypass outlet of the three-way valve until the liquid water and ice at the purge position disappear. After the purge is completed, control the air compressor to provide the air required for power generation to the fuel cell stack through the main outlet of the three-way valve; and, during the normal operation of the fuel cell stack, judge the air flow at the air inlet or outlet on the compressor side and whether the speed of the motor is within the preset surge data range. If within the range, increase the bypass outlet opening of the three-way valve; and, after receiving a shutdown command, first control the air compressor to purge the fuel cell stack through the main outlet of the three-way valve. After the purge is completed, control the air compressor to purge the drainage end of the water distribution component and the turbine of the air compressor through the bypass outlet of the three-way valve until the liquid water and ice at the purge position disappear.

[0070] Preferably, if Figure 4 As shown, the data processing and control unit executes the following procedures;

[0071] S1. After receiving the start-up command, the main outlet of the three-way valve is closed and the bypass outlet is opened;

[0072] S2. Start the air compressor and control the air output from the air compressor to purge the drainage end of the water distribution component and the air compressor turbine through the bypass outlet of the three-way valve. After the purge reaches the preset time, adjust the opening of the main outlet and bypass outlet of the three-way valve to the preset opening;

[0073] S3. During normal operation of the stack, monitor the air flow at the compressor's impeller-side air inlet and outlet, as well as the motor speed;

[0074] S4. At regular intervals, determine whether the air flow at the compressor's impeller-side inlet and outlet, as well as the motor speed, are within a preset surge data range. If either is within the preset range, increase the bypass outlet opening of the three-way valve;

[0075] S5. Upon receiving the shutdown command, adjust the openings of the main and bypass outlets of the three-way valve to the preset shutdown purge openings. Control the air output of the air compressor to purge the interior of the fuel cell stack through the main outlet of the three-way valve. After the purge reaches the preset time, close the main outlet of the three-way valve and fully open the bypass outlet of the three-way valve. Control the air output of the air compressor to purge the drainage end of the water distribution component and the turbine of the air compressor through the bypass outlet of the three-way valve until the purge reaches the preset time.

[0076] S6. Turn off the air compressor and monitor the air flow at the exhaust port on the compressor wheel side. When the air flow at the exhaust port reaches zero, close the bypass outlet.

[0077] Preferably, the air control device further comprises a humidifier.

[0078] The air inlet of the humidifier is connected to the output end of the intercooler, the air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack, the exhaust gas inlet is connected to the outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the exhaust gas outlet is connected to the input end of the water distribution component.

[0079] Preferably, the air control device further includes an intake throttle and an exhaust throttle.

[0080] The input end of the air intake throttle is connected to the output end of the intercooler, the output end is connected to the air inlet of the humidifier, and the control end is connected to the output end of the controller.

[0081] The input end of the tail exhaust throttle is connected to the tail gas outlet of the humidifier, the output end is connected to the input end of the water distribution component, and the control end is connected to the output end of the controller.

[0082] Preferably, the air control device further comprises a downwardly inclined tail exhaust pipe.

[0083] The inlet of the tail discharge pipeline is connected to the turbine side air outlet of the air compressor and the drainage end of the water distribution component respectively.

[0084] Compared with Example 1, the air control device provided in this embodiment increases reliability by adding equipment, avoids waste caused by gas leakage, and avoids the problem of low air temperature when the three-way valve is installed on the intercooler and then bypassed.

[0085] Example 3

[0086] Another embodiment of the present invention discloses a vehicle-mounted fuel cell engine system, which, in addition to including the air control device described in Example 1 or Example 2, also includes a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen intake device, and an engine controller.

[0087] The hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the output end of the hydrogen intake device; the output end of the engine controller is connected to the control end of the air intake and exhaust control device and the hydrogen intake device respectively.

[0088] The engine controller is used to receive the vehicle start-up command input by the user, send a start-up command to the air control device, start the hydrogen intake device after the main outlet and bypass outlet of the three-way valve are opened to the preset opening, and output the result of the normal operation of the fuel cell stack until the output current of the fuel cell stack reaches the rated operating current; and, after receiving the vehicle shutdown command input by the user, turn off the hydrogen intake device and send a shutdown command to the air control device.

[0089] Example 4

[0090] Based on the improvement of Example 3, the vehicle-mounted fuel cell engine system also includes a hydrogen recovery device.

[0091] The air inlet of the hydrogen recovery device is connected to the exhaust end of the water distributor, the hydrogen outlet is connected to the air inlet of the hydrogen injection device, and the tail gas outlet is connected to the turbine side air inlet of the air compressor.

[0092] The hydrogen gas inlet device further comprises a hydrogen source and a hydrogen spray device which are connected in sequence; the gas outlet of the hydrogen spray device is connected to the hydrogen gas inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0093] While various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, the foregoing description is intended to be illustrative, non-exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is selected to best explain the principles of the embodiments, their practical applications, or improvements over the prior art, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An air control device, characterized in that: Including air compressor, three-way valve, water distribution parts and controller; Among them, The air compressor further includes a motor, and a pressure wheel and a turbine respectively arranged on both sides of the motor; the pressure wheel and the turbine are both sealed structures and are respectively provided with an air inlet and an exhaust port; after the air compressor is started, the motor drives the pressure wheel to rotate, thereby pressurizing the air passing through the pressure wheel; the gas input from the turbine side air inlet drives the turbine to rotate, providing driving force for the motor in addition to the controller; The stack's air inlet is connected to the compressor's impeller-side exhaust port through the main outlet of the three-way valve, and the air outlet is connected to the compressor's turbine-side air inlet through the exhaust end of the water distributor. The three-way valve's bypass outlet is also connected to the compressor's turbine-side air inlet. The controller's output is connected to the motor and the control end of the three-way valve, respectively. The air filter is provided at the front end of the air compressor; the air outlet of the air filter is connected to the air inlet on the compressor wheel side; and an intercooler is also provided; The intercooler is arranged between the main outlet of the three-way valve and the air inlet of the fuel cell stack; the controller further includes: The data acquisition unit is used to collect the air flow at the air inlet or outlet on the compressor side and the speed of the motor in real time and send it to the data processing and control unit; The data processing and control unit is used to, after receiving a start-up command, first control the air compressor to purge the drainage end of the water distribution component and the turbine of the air compressor through the bypass outlet of the three-way valve until the liquid water and ice at the purge position disappear, and after the purge is completed, control the air compressor to provide the fuel cell stack with the air required for power generation through the main outlet of the three-way valve; and, during the normal operation of the fuel cell stack, judge whether the air flow at the air inlet or outlet on the compressor wheel side and the speed of the motor are within a preset surge data range, and if so, increase the bypass outlet opening of the three-way valve; and, after receiving a shutdown command, first control the air compressor to purge the fuel cell stack through the main outlet of the three-way valve, and after the purge is completed, control the air compressor to purge the drainage end of the water distribution component and the turbine of the air compressor through the bypass outlet of the three-way valve until the liquid water and ice at the purge position disappear; The data processing and control unit executes the following program: after receiving the power-on command, the main outlet of the three-way valve is controlled to be closed and the bypass outlet is opened; Start the air compressor and control the air output from the air compressor to purge the drainage end of the water distribution component and the turbine of the air compressor through the bypass outlet of the three-way valve. After the purge reaches the preset time, adjust the opening of the main outlet and bypass outlet of the three-way valve to the preset opening; During normal operation of the fuel cell stack, monitor the air flow at the compressor's impeller-side air inlet and outlet, as well as the motor's speed; At regular intervals, the air flow at the compressor's impeller side air inlet and outlet, as well as the motor speed, are determined to see if they are within the preset surge data range. If either is within the preset range, the bypass outlet opening of the three-way valve is increased. After receiving the shutdown command, adjust the opening of the main outlet and bypass outlet of the three-way valve to the preset shutdown purge opening, control the air output of the air compressor to purge the inside of the fuel cell stack through the main outlet of the three-way valve, until the purge reaches the preset time, close the main outlet of the three-way valve, control the bypass outlet of the three-way valve to be fully opened, and control the air output of the air compressor to purge the drainage end of the water distribution component and the turbine of the air compressor through the bypass outlet of the three-way valve until the purge reaches the preset time; Turn off the air compressor and monitor the air flow at the exhaust port on the compressor wheel side. When the air flow at the exhaust port reaches zero, close the bypass outlet. It also includes a humidifier; the air inlet of the humidifier is connected to the output end of the intercooler, the air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack, the exhaust gas inlet is connected to the exhaust outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the exhaust gas outlet is connected to the input end of the water distribution member; it also includes an intake throttle and an exhaust throttle; The input end of the air intake throttle is connected to the output end of the intercooler, the output end is connected to the air inlet of the humidifier, and the control end is connected to the output end of the controller; The input end of the tail exhaust throttle is connected to the tail gas outlet of the humidifier, the output end is connected to the input end of the water distribution component, and the control end is connected to the output end of the controller; It also includes a downward-sloping tailpipe; The inlet of the tail discharge pipeline is connected to the turbine side air outlet of the air compressor and the drainage end of the water distribution component respectively; The data acquisition unit further includes a gas flow sensor respectively arranged at the air inlet or the air outlet on the compression wheel side of the air compressor, and a speed sensor arranged at the motor rotor.

2. A vehicle-mounted fuel cell engine system comprising the air control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen intake device, and an engine controller; The engine controller is used to receive a vehicle startup command input by the user, send a startup command to the air control device, start the hydrogen intake device after the main outlet and bypass outlet of the three-way valve are opened to a preset opening, and output the result of normal operation of the fuel cell stack until the output current of the fuel cell stack reaches the rated operating current; after receiving a vehicle shutdown command input by the user, turn off the hydrogen intake device and send a shutdown command to the air control device.

3. The vehicle-mounted fuel cell engine system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes hydrogen recovery equipment; wherein, The air inlet of the hydrogen recovery device is connected to the exhaust end of the water separation component, the hydrogen outlet is connected to the air inlet of the hydrogen injection device, and the tail gas outlet is connected to the turbine side air inlet of the air compressor; and The hydrogen gas intake device further comprises a hydrogen source and a hydrogen spray device connected in sequence; the gas outlet of the hydrogen spray device is connected to the hydrogen gas inlet of the fuel cell stack.

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