Maglev trains and on-board superconducting magnet systems for maglev transportation

Abstract

The present invention provides an on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation. A cryostat provides a vacuum environment, in which a superconducting coil and a cryogenic cold storage structure are arranged. When the refrigeration device is working, the cold energy is transferred through the cold conduction structure to cool the superconducting coil and the cryogenic cold storage structure. The cold conduction structure can transfer cold energy in both directions. After the refrigeration device stops, the heat generated by the working superconducting coil is transferred to the cryogenic cold storage structure through the cold conduction structure until the cold energy can no longer meet the needs of the superconducting coil, at which point the refrigeration operation continues. By utilizing the cold conduction structure and the cryogenic thermostat of the vacuum working chamber, the superconducting coil and the cryogenic cold storage structure are arranged independently to achieve dry and wet separation of the cold storage medium. The electrical leads of the superconducting coil pass through the cryogenic thermostat without the need for independent sealing, thereby reducing the complexity of the system and improving the reliability of the low-temperature service process. The present invention also provides a maglev transportation train.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of magnetic levitation transportation, and more particularly to a magnetic levitation transportation train and a vehicle-mounted superconducting magnet system for the magnetic levitation transportation. Background Art

[0002] The magnet system includes a cryostat, superconducting coils, a temperature control system, and a vacuum system. The superconducting coils are installed inside the cryostat.

[0003] Superconducting magnet technology using cryogenic liquid immersion for coils was developed relatively early and is currently highly mature. It offers uniform magnet temperature distribution and a simple cooling design. This type of technology is primarily used in large-scale physical experiments, medical treatments, and other fields. The magnets are immersed in cryogenic liquid, resulting in a large magnet volume and requiring extensive gas storage and zero-boil-off refrigeration systems. These magnets generally cannot be operated without power to the refrigerator, as this would cause some of the cryogenic liquid to vaporize and be lost to the atmosphere if the internal pressure in the container becomes excessively high.

[0004] Superconducting magnet systems directly cooled by refrigerators are a new technology that has developed rapidly in recent years. With the continuous improvement of refrigerator capabilities, this technical route has become a reality. Superconducting magnet systems do not require cryogenic fluid cooling and have the characteristics of compact structure, small size, light weight, easy operation and low operating costs. However, the temperature distribution of the magnets is greatly affected by the cooling structure, and they cannot operate when the refrigerator is powered off.

[0005] Traditional magnet systems often rely on immersion in cryogenic liquids such as liquid nitrogen and helium, or direct cooling with a refrigerator. These complex structures cannot maintain low temperatures for extended periods without adequate external support. Consequently, they fall short of vehicle-based operation requirements, particularly when the vehicle lacks an external current source. This requires maintaining the cryogenic operation of the superconducting magnet coils, placing high demands on the magnet system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides an on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation to reduce the difficulty of arranging superconducting coils for maglev transportation; the present invention also provides a maglev transportation train.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation includes a cryostat having a vacuum working chamber, a refrigeration device for cooling the cryostat, the cryostat having a low-temperature cold storage structure for storing cold energy, and a superconducting coil.

[0009] A cooling structure connecting the refrigeration device, the low-temperature cold storage structure and the superconducting coil is further provided in the low-temperature thermostat. The cooling structure is a two-way cooling structure for bidirectionally transferring cold energy.

[0010] Preferably, in the above-mentioned on-board superconducting magnet system of maglev transportation, the superconducting coil is arranged in the middle of the cryostat, and the low-temperature cold storage structure is a surrounding low-temperature cold storage structure arranged circumferentially around the superconducting coil.

[0011] Preferably, in the above-mentioned on-board superconducting magnet system of maglev transportation, the superconducting coil and the low-temperature cold storage structure are arranged in parallel in the low-temperature thermostat, and the cold conduction structure is provided between the superconducting coil and the low-temperature cold storage structure.

[0012] Preferably, in the above-mentioned on-board superconducting magnet system of maglev transportation, the superconducting coil includes a first superconducting coil and a second superconducting coil arranged in parallel in the cryostat, and the low-temperature cold storage structure is laid on the same radial side of the first superconducting coil and the second superconducting coil.

[0013] Preferably, in the above-mentioned on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation, electrical leads are arranged in the cryostat to connect the superconducting coil to external electrical equipment.

[0014] The through-bay connector of the electrical lead and the refrigerator cold head of the refrigeration device are both arranged on the top of the cryostat.

[0015] Preferably, in the above-mentioned on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation, the electrical lead is connected to a Hall sensor and a temperature sensor, and the air pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are located on the superconducting coil;

[0016] An excitation power supply connected to the Hall sensor and a temperature controller of the refrigeration device connected to the temperature sensor are also provided outside the low-temperature thermostat.

[0017] Preferably, the on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation further comprises a vacuum system for reducing the air pressure of the cryostat, and a temperature sensor connected to the vacuum system by the electrical lead is arranged on the superconducting coil;

[0018] The vacuum system further includes a molecular pump group arranged outside the cryostat.

[0019] A maglev train comprises a cryostat for cooling a superconducting coil, wherein the on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation as described above is arranged between the superconducting coil and the cryostat.

[0020] The on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation provided by the present invention includes a cryostat with a vacuum working chamber, a refrigeration device for cooling the cryostat, a cryostat provided with a cryo-storage structure for storing cold energy, and a superconducting coil; a cooling conduction structure connecting the refrigeration device, the cryo-storage structure, and the superconducting coil is also provided in the cryostat, and the cooling conduction structure is a bidirectional cooling conduction structure for bidirectionally transferring cold energy. The cryostat provides a vacuum environment, and the superconducting coil and the cryo-storage structure are provided therein. When the refrigeration device is in operation, the cooling conduction structure transfers cold energy to cool the superconducting coil and the cryo-storage structure through the cooling conduction structure. The cooling conduction structure can transfer cold energy in both directions. After the refrigeration device stops, heat from the superconducting coil is transferred to the cryo-storage structure through the cooling conduction structure until the cooling energy can no longer meet the needs of the superconducting coil, at which time the cooling operation continues. By utilizing the cooling structure and the low-temperature thermostat of the vacuum working chamber, the superconducting coil and the low-temperature cold storage structure are arranged independently to achieve dry and wet separation of the cold storage medium. The electrical leads of the superconducting coil pass through the low-temperature thermostat without the need for independent sealing, which reduces the complexity of the system and improves the reliability of the low-temperature service process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a first arrangement structure of the on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a second arrangement structure of the on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third arrangement structure of the on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation, which reduces the difficulty of arranging superconducting coils for maglev transportation; the invention also provides a maglev transportation train.

[0026] The following will provide a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a first arrangement structure of the on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a second arrangement structure of the on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third arrangement structure of the on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation provided by the present invention.

[0028] This embodiment provides an on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation, comprising a cryostat 1 having a vacuum working chamber, a refrigeration device 2 for cooling the cryostat 1, a low-temperature cold storage structure 3 for storing cold, and a superconducting coil 4 disposed therein within the cryostat 1, and a cooling structure 5 connecting the refrigeration device 2, the low-temperature cold storage structure 3, and the superconducting coil 4. The cooling structure 5 is a bidirectional cooling structure for bidirectionally transferring cold. The cryostat 1 provides a vacuum environment, within which the superconducting coil 4 and the low-temperature cold storage structure 3 are disposed. When the refrigeration device 2 is operating, the cooling structure 5 transfers cold energy to cool the superconducting coil 4 and the low-temperature cold storage structure 3. The cooling structure 5 is capable of bidirectionally transferring cold energy. After the refrigeration device 2 stops, heat from the superconducting coil 4 is transferred to the low-temperature cold storage structure 1 via the cooling structure 5 until the cooling energy can no longer meet the needs of the superconducting coil, at which point the cooling operation resumes. By utilizing the cooling structure 5 and the low-temperature thermostat 1 of the vacuum working chamber, the superconducting coil 4 and the low-temperature cold storage structure 3 are arranged independently, and the cooling structure 5 is utilized for heat transfer. The superconducting coil 4 does not need to be immersed in a liquid cooling environment, thereby realizing dry and wet separation of the cold storage medium and the superconducting coil 4. The electrical leads of the superconducting coil 4 pass through the low-temperature thermostat 1 without the need for independent sealing, thereby reducing the complexity of the system and improving the reliability of the low-temperature service process.

[0029] In a specific embodiment of the present case, the superconducting coil 4 is arranged in the middle of the cryostat 1 , and the low-temperature cold storage structure 3 is a surrounding low-temperature cold storage structure arranged circumferentially around the superconducting coil 4 .

[0030] In a specific embodiment of the present case, the superconducting coil 42 and the low-temperature cold storage structure 32 are arranged in parallel in the cryostat 1 , and the cold conduction structure 5 is provided between the superconducting coil 42 and the low-temperature cold storage structure 32 .

[0031] In a specific embodiment of the present case, the superconducting coil includes a first superconducting coil 431 and a second superconducting coil 432 arranged in parallel in the cryostat 1 , and the low-temperature cold storage structure 33 is laid on the same radial side of the first superconducting coil 431 and the second superconducting coil 432 .

[0032] The position of the superconducting coil in the cryostat 1 needs to be designed differently according to the different positions of the coil during operation. This case provides three coil layout schemes, such as Figure 1 As shown in FIG, the superconducting coils 4 are arranged in a radial direction within the plane. The top of the cryostat 1 serves as the mounting point for the electrical leads and the refrigerator cold head 21. No low-temperature cold storage structure is placed on top of the superconducting coils 4, avoiding the electrical leads and the cold conduction structure 5.

[0033] The first type of low-temperature cold storage structure 3 is a surrounding structure. In this structure, the superconducting coil 4 is located in the central part of the cryostat 1, and the low-temperature cold storage structure 3 is a surrounding low-temperature cold storage structure surrounding the superconducting coil 4. Figure 1 As shown, the low-temperature cold storage structure is a U-shaped structure that surrounds the superconducting coil 4. The cooling structure 5 includes a vertical portion connected to the refrigerator cold head 21 and a horizontal portion that connects to the low-temperature cold storage structure 3. During heat transfer, the surrounding low-temperature cold storage structure transfers heat from the two horizontal ends to the middle, achieving effective cooling of the superconducting coil.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, further, the superconducting coil 42 and the low-temperature cold storage structure 32 are arranged in parallel, and the superconducting coil 42 and the low-temperature cold storage structure 32 are respectively located at the two ends of the front and rear directions of the low-temperature thermostat 1, and the cold-conducting structure 5 is connected to the cold head 21 of the refrigerator by the vertical part, and the two ends of the horizontal part are respectively connected to the superconducting coil 42 and the low-temperature cold storage structure 32. When the superconducting coil 42 is cooled, the low-temperature cold storage structure 32 cools the superconducting coil 42 from the radial side of the superconducting coil 42.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, further, a double-coil superconducting coil arrangement structure is provided, in which the two superconducting coils are arranged in parallel along the front-to-back direction of the cryostat 1, the low-temperature cold storage structure 33 is located at the bottom of the cryostat 1, and the cold conduction structure 5 is connected to the refrigerator cold head 21 by the vertical part, and the horizontal part is respectively connected to the radial inner side of the first superconducting coil 431 and the second superconducting coil 432. When cooling the superconducting coil, the low-temperature cold storage structure 33 simultaneously outputs the cooling cooling capacity to the first superconducting coil 431 and the second superconducting coil 432.

[0036] In a specific embodiment of this case, the cryostat 1 houses electrical leads connecting the superconducting coil 4 to external electrical equipment, a through-cabin connector 6 for these leads, and the refrigerator cold head 21 of the refrigeration unit 2, all located at the top of the cryostat 1. Due to the vacuum chamber structure of the cryostat 1, the portion of the electrical leads within the cryostat 1 that connects the superconducting coil 4 to the external electrical equipment does not require sealing under immersion conditions. The through-cabin connector 6 effectively seals and connects the electrical leads where they pass through the cryostat 1. Furthermore, the electrical leads and refrigerator cold head 21 are located at the top of the cryostat 1, facilitating the placement and fabrication of the mounting structure and reducing the complexity of the structural layout.

[0037] In a specific embodiment of the present case, the Hall sensor, temperature sensor, air pressure sensor and temperature sensor connected by electrical leads (as shown in the figure, the sensor 61 is used to indicate the positional relationship between different sensors and the superconducting coil 4 and is not used as a limitation on their connection method) are located on the superconducting coil 4; the outside of the low-temperature thermostat 1 is also provided with an excitation power supply 7 connected to the Hall sensor and a temperature controller 22 of the refrigeration device 2 connected to the temperature sensor.

[0038] Specifically, it also includes a vacuum system for reducing the gas pressure of the low-temperature thermostat 1, and a temperature sensor connected to the vacuum system by electrical leads is arranged on the superconducting coil; the vacuum system also includes a molecular pump group 8 arranged outside the low-temperature thermostat 1.

[0039] The cryostat 1 controls its internal temperature through a temperature control system. The refrigeration device 2, specifically a refrigerator, provides internal cooling through its cold head 21 during operation. A temperature sensor, located on the supercooling coil 4, monitors the temperature inside the cryostat 1 in real time and issues a control signal. This is controlled collaboratively by the temperature controller 22 and refrigerator 2. The refrigerator 2 is also connected to a heating power supply 23 to provide power to the refrigerator 2.

[0040] A Hall effect sensor and a voltage sensor are located on the back of the superconducting coil 4 and control its operation. The Hall effect sensor emits an electromagnetic signal to control the operation of the excitation power supply 7, causing the superconducting coil 4 to undergo electromagnetic induction. Simultaneously, to reduce the internal pressure of the cryostat, a vacuum system controls the pressure. An air pressure sensor is located inside the cryostat 1 and is connected to an air pressure controller 81, which controls the operation of the molecular pump assembly 8 to ensure that the interior remains below the operating pressure.

[0041] Based on the on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation provided in the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a maglev transportation train, including a cryostat for cooling the superconducting coil, and an on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation provided in the above embodiments is arranged between the superconducting coil and the cryostat.

[0042] Since the maglev transportation train adopts the maglev transportation vehicle-mounted superconducting magnet system of the above embodiment, the beneficial effects of the maglev transportation train brought by the maglev transportation vehicle-mounted superconducting magnet system can be referred to the above embodiment.

[0043] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation, characterized in that: The invention comprises a cryostat having a vacuum working chamber, a refrigeration device for refrigerating the cryostat, wherein the cryostat is provided with a low-temperature cold storage structure for storing cold energy, and a superconducting coil; The cryostat is further provided with a cooling structure connecting the refrigeration device, the low-temperature cold storage structure and the superconducting coil, wherein the cooling structure is a bidirectional cooling structure for bidirectionally transferring cold energy; After the refrigeration device stops, the heat of the superconducting coil is transferred to the low-temperature cold storage structure through the cold conduction structure until the cold capacity can no longer meet the needs of the superconducting coil, and the refrigeration device continues to perform refrigeration work; The superconducting coil and the low-temperature cold storage structure are arranged in parallel in the low-temperature thermostat, and the cold conduction structure is provided between the superconducting coil and the low-temperature cold storage structure.

2. The on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The superconducting coil is arranged in the middle of the cryostat, and the low-temperature cold storage structure is a surrounding low-temperature cold storage structure arranged circumferentially around the superconducting coil.

3. The on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The superconducting coil includes a first superconducting coil and a second superconducting coil arranged in parallel in the cryostat, and the low-temperature cold storage structure is laid on the same radial side of the first superconducting coil and the second superconducting coil.

4. The on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The cryostat is provided with electrical leads connecting the superconducting coil to external electrical equipment. The through-bay connector of the electrical lead and the refrigerator cold head of the refrigeration device are both arranged on the top of the cryostat.

5. The on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electrical leads are connected to a Hall sensor and a temperature sensor, and the air pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are located on the superconducting coil; An excitation power supply connected to the Hall sensor and a temperature controller of the refrigeration device connected to the temperature sensor are also provided outside the low-temperature thermostat.

6. The on-board superconducting magnet system for maglev transportation according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also included is a vacuum system for reducing the gas pressure of the cryostat, wherein a temperature sensor connected to the vacuum system by the electrical lead is arranged on the superconducting coil; The vacuum system further includes a molecular pump group arranged outside the cryostat.

7. A maglev train comprising a cryostat for cooling a superconducting coil, characterized in that: The on-board superconducting magnet system for magnetic levitation transportation according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is arranged between the superconducting coil and the cryostat.

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