A gate scheduling optimization method considering homogenization of reservoir flood discharge process

Abstract

The application discloses a gate scheduling optimization method considering reservoir flood discharge process homogenization, and comprises the following steps: reservoir gate group object-oriented modeling; specific gate object instantiation; gate group combination use rule modeling; reservoir flood control scheduling rule modeling and flood regulation calculation; gate group opening degree combination initial result set calculation; and gate group opening degree combination result set optimization adjustment. The application improves the accuracy of the reservoir flood control scheduling calculation process, makes the gate scheduling calculation closer to the actual situation, and realizes the intellectualization, practicality and convenience of the flood control decision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a gate scheduling optimization method that takes into account the uniformity of the reservoir flood discharge process, and belongs to the field of flood discharge and drainage scheduling technology. Background Technology

[0002] Flood control scheduling prioritizes the safety of the dam itself; secondly, it avoids artificially creating flood peaks, meaning the maximum outflow during the flood control process cannot exceed the inflow peak. Flood control scheduling calculations involve calculating the outflow and reservoir water level processes, and then allocating the outflow to each gate based on gate opening and closing rules, thus forming a decision support scheme for gate opening. Based on experience with most reservoirs, the control objectives for flood control scheduling calculations can be summarized into several important models:

[0003] (1) Water level control mode: The water level at the end of the period is used as the control target. The water level at the end of the period is controlled by the opening and closing of the gate and the power generation of the unit, so that the water level at the end of the period after the flood control calculation is converged to the given control value, and the gate is moved as little as possible.

[0004] (2) Controlled outflow mode: Taking the outflow as the control target, the outflow process of the reservoir is given, and priority is given to meet the water use for power generation scheduling. The rest is discharged through the gate as abandoned water. A safety warning is given if the constraint is exceeded.

[0005] (3) Gate command mode: Flood control is carried out according to the given gate opening and closing instructions. The water release process in each period is directly calculated through the gate opening and closing plan, and the rest are calculated according to the power generation scheduling method. A safety warning is given if the constraint is exceeded.

[0006] (4) Dispatch procedure control: Flood dispatch control is carried out according to the flood control dispatch procedure or flood regulation rules of the reservoir, and usually the reservoir is developed in a targeted manner according to different reservoir procedures.

[0007] Currently, most hydropower stations rely on manual experience to formulate scheduling plans, which are then implemented after review and approval. However, given the increasingly complex scheduling constraints of power stations and the constantly changing water inflow conditions, formulating gate strategies based on human experience faces significant challenges. First, gate operations are frequent and the workload is enormous. Second, the formulation and approval process for these plans is lengthy, and the immediate responsiveness of flood discharge gate operations is poor. Third, due to significant differences in the principles of flood discharge gate operation among cascade power generation companies and hydropower grids, as well as inconsistent flood control scheduling restrictions for reservoirs and downstream rivers, human calculations are prone to errors or deviations, increasing flood control risks.

[0008] With the development and improvement of flood forecasting technology, most reservoirs have increased the flood forecast period. Knowing the accurate and reliable inflow forecast of the reservoir for the next few days, it is necessary to combine the actual operation rules of the reservoir gates to calculate the flood control scheduling of the reservoir for the next few days and generate a reliable operation plan for each gate. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a gate scheduling optimization method that considers the uniformity of reservoir flood discharge processes, thereby solving the problems of cumbersome flood control scheduling scheme formulation, long cycle, and large human operation errors in existing technologies.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] A gate scheduling optimization method considering the homogenization of reservoir flood discharge process includes the following steps:

[0012] Object-oriented modeling of reservoir gate groups;

[0013] Instantiation of a specific gate object;

[0014] Gate group combinations are modeled using rules;

[0015] Modeling and flood control calculation of reservoir flood control scheduling rules;

[0016] Calculation of the initial result set of gate group opening combination;

[0017] Optimize and adjust the result set of gate group opening degree combinations.

[0018] Furthermore, the aforementioned reservoir gate group is modeled using an object-oriented approach, employing a system generalization and structured representation method to fully express the basic information and operational attributes of the gates. Specific steps include:

[0019] The reservoir gate group was generalized.

[0020] The gate is modeled using an object-oriented approach and denoted as the RG object class. The RG object class includes gate number (id), type number (tId), gate name (name), maintenance plan (rpt), operating status (ro), opening sequence (st), closing sequence (ot), and gate opening degree (X).

[0021] The gate type is modeled and denoted as a GT object class. The GT object class includes the gate type number (tId), type name (tName), and discharge curve / formula (curve, {X1, X1, ..., X...). t}), feasible region of gate opening (X{});

[0022] The RG object class and the GT object class are associated through the gate type number to jointly describe the characteristics and information of all gate objects in the reservoir.

[0023] Furthermore, the aforementioned method for generalizing the reservoir gate group includes:

[0024] All gate groups are divided into several gate groups according to the characteristics of reservoir gates. Gates of the same model and location are grouped into one gate group. Gates in the same group have the same manufacturer, opening type, and discharge curve / formula.

[0025] Each gate is numbered according to its grouping, denoted as (id1, id2, id3, ..., id n The gate numbers in the same group are consecutive;

[0026] Number the gate model as (tId1, tId2, tId3, ..., tId n The same group of gates has the same gate model number.

[0027] Furthermore, the specific steps for instantiating the aforementioned specific gate object include:

[0028] Using the RG object class, instantiate each reservoir gate according to the gate number (id) and gate name (name), and assign a value to the gate type number (tId) of each gate;

[0029] Using the GT object class, all gate types are instantiated based on the type number (tId) and type name (tName);

[0030] Assign each instantiated gate object with its real-time control data, including its maintenance plan (rpt), operating status (ro), opening sequence (st), closing sequence (ot), and gate opening degree (X).

[0031] Maintenance plans are represented by a complex array of time object units, denoted as (rpt1, rpt2, rpt3, rpt4, ..., rpt...). 2n-1 ,rpt 2n );

[0032] The operating status is denoted as (ro), which has four types: open, closed, fault, and maintenance. Each status is represented by an integer to form a mapping relationship. After extracting the initial operating status of each gate scheduling calculation, the integer representing the different status is used to assign values ​​to the gate objects.

[0033] The opening order (st) and closing order (ot) are sorted according to the reservoir gate operation rules, starting from the first gate to the last gate. The sorting sequence number starts from 1, and the opening (closing) sequence number of each gate is assigned to the gate object.

[0034] The gate opening is denoted as (X1, X2, X3, ..., X...). T), is a set of time series data, representing the average gate opening in each time period during the scheduling calculation period. The initial gate opening is assigned to the first value X1 of the gate opening, indicating that the initial value of the opening data sequence has been determined.

[0035] Assign the discharge curve / formula (curve, {X1, X1, ... ... t}), gate opening feasible region (X{}) information.

[0036] Furthermore, the specific steps for modeling the aforementioned gate group combination using rules include:

[0037] According to the specifications for the combined use of reservoir gate groups under different water levels and inflow conditions at different times of the year, the opening set {{X1} of each gate is defined. t ,{X2} t ,…,{X n} t As a decision variable, the reservoir water level Z corresponding to each time period t is used. t Inbound flow Q in t Using variables such as {X1} as independent variables, the gate combination decision is represented by a mapping relationship {{X1} using a standard notation. t ,{X2} t ,…,{X n} t}=f({Z t Q in t}), open set {{X1} t ,{X2} t ,…,{X n} t In the sequence {X}, 1, 2, ..., n represent gate numbers, t represents different periods of the year, and {X} n} t This represents the set of opening degrees of the gate numbered n at time t;

[0038] The mapping relationship of gate combination decisions is transformed into a gate decision table according to the actual operation rules. The decision table can express the opening range of each gate corresponding to different time ranges, water level ranges, and inflow ranges.

[0039] Furthermore, the specific steps for modeling and calculating the aforementioned reservoir flood control scheduling rules include:

[0040] The objective function is determined based on the actual needs of the scheduling decision-makers. A set of constraints is selected, and a flood control scheduling calculation model is established. The set of constraints includes upper and lower limits of reservoir water level, upper and lower limits of outflow, and upper and lower limits of power output. The objective function is the water level at the end of the scheduling period, the outflow at each period of the scheduling period, or the water level, outflow, and gate control method described according to the specific reservoir scheduling rules.

[0041] Divide the scheduling period into time phases;

[0042] The flood control scheduling model for each scheduling stage is calculated based on the water balance formula, and the reservoir output, power generation flow, flood discharge, downstream discharge flow, water level at the end of the time period, and gate opening status during the time period are obtained for each stage.

[0043] Furthermore, the aforementioned methods for determining the objective function include:

[0044] Using the reservoir water level at the end of the given scheduling period as the target condition, the flood calculation water level and outflow for the entire scheduling period are obtained by calculating the power output and water volume allocation for each period of the scheduling period, so as to ultimately satisfy the target water level calculated at the end of the scheduling period.

[0045] Furthermore, the aforementioned methods for determining the objective function include:

[0046] The target condition is the reservoir outflow or flood discharge for all periods of the entire scheduling period.

[0047] The water level at the end of each period and the power output during each period are calculated through water balance.

[0048] Ultimately, the reservoir outflow or flood discharge requirements for each scheduling stage during the scheduling period will be met.

[0049] Furthermore, the aforementioned methods for determining the objective function include:

[0050] The reservoir scheduling rules are transformed into a hybrid control mode that combines water level control and outflow control, and the scheduling calculation period is divided into multiple sub-scheduling calculation periods according to the requirements of the scheduling rules.

[0051] Based on the scheduling requirements of each sub-scheduling period, the water level control or outflow control targets for each sub-scheduling period are determined, and then water balance calculations are performed for each scheduling stage.

[0052] Furthermore, the steps for dividing the scheduling period into time phases are as follows:

[0053] Divide the time into start and end times. Choose a moment before the flood starts rising as the start time and a moment after the flood recedes as the end time, or choose the current moment as the start time and the end time several days in the future.

[0054] Select the scheduling time interval step, which can be chosen based on the reservoir's required time interval step, including: 15 minutes, 0.5 hours, and 1 hour;

[0055] Record the number of scheduling periods, T.

[0056] Furthermore, the steps for calculating the initial result set of the aforementioned gate group opening combination are as follows:

[0057] Based on the scheduling objectives, calculate the water level Z at the end of each time period. e t and outbound flow Q out t , where t = 1, 2, 3, ..., T;

[0058] Determine the reservoir's output N and power generation flow rate Qg;

[0059] Subtract the power generation flow and other outflows from the outflow to obtain the flood discharge flow Qd for stage t. t Other outflows are those that do not flow through the sluice gates for flood discharge or through generator power generation.

[0060] Using the established gate group combination rule model, the opening degree of each gate in the t-th calculation period is determined;

[0061] Iterate through the first time period to the last time period T, and count the opening degree (X1, X2, X3, ..., X) of each RG gate object at each stage. T Finally, the gate group opening set is obtained.

[0062] Furthermore, the aforementioned method for calculating the output of the reservoir for scheduling is as follows:

[0063] According to the power output plan {Np1, Np2, Np3, ..., Np} transmitted or transmitted to the power grid T} to determine the output at each stage, let N t =Np t , where N t Np represents the output during the t-th time period. t This represents the planned output for the t-th time period, where t = 1, 2, 3, ..., T;

[0064] The power generation flow rate Qg is then calculated by interpolation using the unit characteristic curve (NHQ curve) or by using the formula N = kQH. t Where t=1,2,3,…,T,Qg t This represents the power generation flow rate during the t-th calculation period.

[0065] Furthermore, the aforementioned method for calculating the output of the reservoir for scheduling is as follows:

[0066] If Q outt <Qg max t Then let Qg t =Q out t Then, N is calculated by interpolation based on the unit characteristic curve (NHQ curve) or by using the formula N=kQH. t ;

[0067] If Q out t ≥Qg max t Then let N t =N max t At this time, Qg t =Qg max t Q out t Let Qg represent the reservoir outflow during the t-th time period. max t Qg represents the full-capacity power generation of all generating units of the power plant under the operating conditions of the t-th time period. t N represents the power generation flow rate in the t-th time period. t N represents the output during time period t. max t Let t represent the expected output during time period t, where t = 1, 2, 3, ..., T.

[0068] Furthermore, the steps for determining the opening degree of each gate in the t-th calculation period using the established gate group combination rule model are as follows:

[0069] According to the gate combination decision-making standard, it is represented by the mapping relationship {{X1}. t ,{X2} t ,…,{X n} t}=f({Z t Q in t}), the actual water level Z in the t-th calculation period. t and inbound flow Q in t Substitute the values ​​into the calculation to obtain the opening range of each gate during the calculation period;

[0070] Prioritize changing the opening degree of already opened gates; if the already opened gates cannot meet the needs, consider opening gates that are not under maintenance or open according to the gate opening sequence; gates under maintenance are set to zero opening degree and cannot participate in flood discharge calculations; when calculating faulty gates, consider keeping the gate opening degree unchanged; based on this, for each instantiated gate RG object, determine the opening degree of gates in fault or maintenance state at calculation stage t according to the ro value of each RG object's operating status; then, using the GT object to which the faulty RG gate object belongs, obtain the discharge curve / formula and calculate the gate discharge flow rate of this faulty gate RG object at this stage; use the flood discharge flow rate Qd t Subtracting the discharge flow of all faulty gates in stage t, we obtain the total discharge flow Qy that the remaining normal gates need to be allocated. t ;

[0071] Gates in the open state are considered as gates to be assigned. The maximum gate opening within the range of the gate opening to be assigned is taken in stage t. The maximum discharge capacity Qy of all gates to be assigned under the current operating condition is calculated. max Then, take the minimum gate opening and calculate the minimum discharge flow rate Qy. min Determine the total discharge flow rate Qy that needs to be allocated to the remaining gates to be allocated. t Is it in {Qy min Qy max Within the range;

[0072] Qy t In {Qy min Qy max Within the specified range, the calculation does not need to consider newly opened or closed gates. Based on the gate opening sequence and range, and ensuring that opened gate objects RT belonging to the same gate type GT maintain the same opening degree as much as possible, the flow rate Qy is calculated using the discharge curves / formulas of each GT object. t Assign gates to each gate object (RT) and calculate the gate opening.

[0073] Qy t Not in {Qy min Qy max If the value is within the range, then based on the gate opening and closing sequence, the calculation considers either opening or closing a new gate, and then combines them into a group of gates to be assigned, returning to the calculation process until Qy is reached. t Satisfying {Qy min Qy max}scope;

[0074] Calculate the total discharge capacity Qs of all usable gates by opening or closing all available gates. t Still unable to satisfy Qy t In this situation, Qy t =Qs tAnd regain the reservoir discharge flow rate Qd t Then, the total outflow and final water level of the reservoir during time period t are calculated using the water balance formula.

[0075] Furthermore, the aforementioned method for optimizing and adjusting the gate group opening combination result set includes:

[0076] The scheduling period is divided into several sub-stages, and the water level and inflow in each sub-stage meet the same conditions. Based on the gate decision table and the initial gate group opening set, water level, and outflow process, the actual inflow and calculated water level of each stage in the calculation period are compared with the inflow and water level conditions in the gate decision table. Several adjacent time periods with the same inflow and water level are divided into a sub-stage, and the entire scheduling period is organized into several sub-stages.

[0077] In each sub-stage, iterative calculations are used to ensure that the opening degree of all gate groups in the entire sub-stage is consistent.

[0078] The output sub-stage gate group opening set is used as the gate group opening result set for each time period of the entire scheduling sub-stage, and then the water level and outflow at the end of each time period are calculated.

[0079] Based on the gate scheduling constraints and water level and outflow constraints, the periods in the sub-stage where the water level or outflow exceeds the limit are re-controlled to meet the upper and lower limits of the final water level or outflow, and then the gate opening set for that stage is calculated in reverse.

[0080] Starting from the first sub-stage, traverse all sub-stages until the computation is complete.

[0081] Furthermore, the steps described above for achieving consistent gate group openings across all stages of the entire sub-stage through iterative calculation are as follows:

[0082] Based on the final water level of the last period of the sub-stage, the initial water level of the sub-stage and the inflow of each period are known. The average outflow of the sub-stage is calculated based on the water balance.

[0083] By calculating the average outflow rate, the final water level of each scheduling period within the sub-stage is obtained, resulting in a highest water level and a lowest water level within the sub-stage.

[0084] Treating each sub-stage as a single time period, and using the highest and lowest water levels respectively, we can deduce the set of all gate groups with the largest openings and the set with the smallest openings within that scheduling sub-stage.

[0085] Set the iteration precision and maximum number of iterations. Treat the sub-stage as a whole, calculate the opening degree of each gate based on the set of the largest opening degree and the set of the smallest opening degree of all gate groups, and combine all gate opening degrees into the sub-stage gate group opening degree set.

[0086] Calculate the final water level of the sub-stage based on the gate opening set, and determine whether the difference between the final water level and the initial value of the calculated final water level of the sub-stage is less than the iteration accuracy. If the accuracy requirement is met, output the gate opening set of the sub-stage. If not, use the final water level calculated this time as the benchmark and continue the calculation. If the number of calculations exceeds the maximum number of iterations, terminate the calculation and output the initial gate opening result set.

[0087] The beneficial effects achieved by this invention are as follows:

[0088] 1. In flood control and dispatch calculations, it can perform object-oriented modeling and generate gate decision tables based on the actual usage rules of the gates. It conveniently considers detailed rules such as the opening range, opening sequence, and combination specifications of each gate in the reservoir. It can directly calculate the optimized operation plan of the reservoir gate group during the dispatch calculation period, so that the flood discharge gates can discharge more evenly at different stages, greatly reducing the number and frequency of gate regulation, and alleviating the workload and difficulty of dispatch.

[0089] 2. It improves the safety, reliability, and accuracy of reservoir flood control decisions, making reservoir gate scheduling decisions more in line with actual needs and improving the level of intelligence in flood control scheduling. Attached Figure Description

[0090] Figure 1 This is an overall flowchart of the hydropower station flood optimization scheduling method of the present invention;

[0091] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the two object classes RG and GT of this invention and their interrelationships.

[0092] Figure 3 This is a table of examples of gate groups and a schematic diagram of the result set of gate opening combinations of the present invention;

[0093] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the gate opening result set and sub-stage division of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0094] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0095] See Figure 1 The gate scheduling optimization method of the present invention, which considers the uniformity of the reservoir flood discharge process, includes six steps: object-oriented modeling of the reservoir gate group, instantiation of specific gate objects, modeling of gate group combination usage rules, modeling of reservoir flood control scheduling rules and flood regulation calculation, calculation of the initial result set of gate group opening combination, and optimization and adjustment of the gate group opening combination result set.

[0096] (I) Object-oriented modeling of reservoir gate groups

[0097] The system adopts a generalized and structured display method to fully express the basic information and operation-related attributes of the gate, specifically including the following steps:

[0098] (a1) The reservoir gate group is generalized and divided into several gate groups according to the characteristics of the reservoir gates. Gates of the same model and location are grouped into one gate group. Gates in the same group have the same manufacturer, opening type, and discharge curve / formula. Each gate is numbered according to the grouping, denoted as (id1, id2, id3, ..., id n The gates in the same group are numbered consecutively; the gate models are also numbered, denoted as (tId1, tId2, tId3, ..., tId). n The same group of gates has the same gate model number;

[0099] (a2) The gate is modeled using an object-oriented approach and denoted as the RG object class. The RG object class includes gate number (id), type number (tId), gate name (name), maintenance plan (rpt), operating status (ro), opening sequence (st), closing sequence (ot), and gate opening degree (X).

[0100] (a3) Model the gate type and denote it as a GT object class. The GT object class includes the gate type number (tId), type name (tName), and discharge curve / formula (curve, {X1, X1, ..., X...). t}), feasible region of gate opening (X{});

[0101] (a4) The RG object class and the GT object class are associated through the gate type number (tId) to jointly describe the characteristics and information of all gate objects in the reservoir, such as... Figure 2 .

[0102] (ii) Instantiating a specific gate object:

[0103] (b1) Using the RG object class, instantiate each reservoir gate according to the gate number (id) and gate name (name), and assign a value to the gate type number (tId) of each gate;

[0104] (b2) Using the GT object class, instantiate and generate all gate types based on the type ID (tId) and type name (tName), such as Figure 3 As shown;

[0105] (b3) Assign each instantiated gate object real-time control data information such as the actual maintenance plan, operating status, opening sequence, closing sequence, and gate opening degree; wherein the maintenance plan is represented by an even-numbered array of time object units, denoted as (rpt1, rpt2, rpt3, rpt4, ..., rpt...2n-1 ,rpt 2n The operating status is denoted as (ro), which has four types: open, closed, fault, and maintenance. Each status is represented by an integer to form a mapping relationship. After extracting the initial operating status of each gate for scheduling calculation, the integers representing different statuses are assigned to the gate objects. The opening order (st) and closing order (ot) are sorted according to the reservoir gate operation rules, starting from the first open (closed) gate and ending at the last open (closed) gate. The sorting sequence number starts from 1, and the opening (closing) sequence number of each gate is assigned to the gate object. The gate opening degree is a set of time series data, denoted as (X1, X2, X3, ..., X...). T ), representing the average gate opening during each time period in the scheduling calculation period. The initial gate opening during the scheduling calculation period is assigned to the first value of gate opening X1, indicating that the initial value of the opening data sequence has been determined.

[0106] (b4) Assign the discharge curve / formula (curve,{X1,X1,…, ... t}), gate opening feasible region (X{}) information.

[0107] (III) Modeling of Gate Group Combination Rules

[0108] Since the decision to discharge water into a reservoir varies throughout the year under different conditions of water level and inflow, the operating opening range of each floodgate is related to time, water level, and inflow. Therefore, it is necessary to model the combination of gate groups using rules. The specific method is as follows:

[0109] First, based on the specifications for the combined use of reservoir gate groups under different water levels and inflow conditions throughout the year, the opening set {{X1} of each gate is determined. t ,{X2} t ,…,{X n} t}(where 1, 2, ..., n represent gate numbers, t represents different periods of the year, {X n} t This represents the set of gate opening degrees for gate numbered n at time t (which can also be considered as the range of gate opening degrees), and the reservoir water level Z corresponding to each time period t. t Inbound flow Q in t Using variables such as {X1} as independent variables, the gate combination decision is represented by a mapping relationship {{X1} using a standard notation. t ,{X2} t ,…,{X n} t}=f({Z t Q in t});

[0110] Then, the mapping relationship of gate combination decisions is transformed into a gate decision table according to the actual operation rules. This decision table can express the gate opening range corresponding to different time ranges, water level ranges, and inflow ranges, and is called the gate opening decision table.

[0111] (iv) Modeling of reservoir flood control scheduling rules and flood regulation calculation:

[0112] (c1) First, flood control scheduling calculation modeling is carried out. The water level at the end of the scheduling period and the outflow of the reservoir at each period of the scheduling period are used as objective functions, or the water level, outflow, gate control mode, etc. described by the scheduling rules of the specific reservoir are used as objective functions. The upper and lower limits of reservoir water level, upper and lower limits of outflow, upper and lower limits of power output, etc. are used as the set of constraints to establish a flood control scheduling calculation model.

[0113] (c2) The specific method for determining the objective function in step (c1) is based on the actual usage needs of the scheduling decision-maker. Generally, three usage needs are adopted: controlling reservoir water level, controlling reservoir outflow, and controlling according to reservoir scheduling rules. Other special needs can also be derived from these three rules. Specific methods for determining the scheduling objective function under the three rules are as follows:

[0114] (c2-a) The reservoir water level control mode takes the reservoir water level at the end of the given scheduling period as the target condition. Based on this, the power output allocation and water volume allocation calculations are performed for each period of the entire scheduling period to obtain the flood calculation water level, outflow, and other processes for the entire scheduling period. Ultimately, the water level calculated at the end of the scheduling period is close to the given water level target.

[0115] (c2-b) Control the reservoir outflow mode, take the reservoir outflow or flood discharge flow for all periods of the entire scheduling period as the target condition, and then calculate the end water level and output of each period through water balance calculation, so as to finally meet the reservoir outflow or flood discharge flow requirements of each scheduling stage within the scheduling period.

[0116] (c2-c) Reservoir scheduling rule control mode requires first converting the reservoir scheduling rules into a mixed control mode of water level control and outflow control. Specifically, the reservoir's flood control scheduling rules are the guiding principles for water level control requirements and outflow requirements under different conditions of different periods, water levels, and inflow flood frequencies. Different water level control or outflow control requirements need to be adopted at different stages of the entire scheduling calculation period. Therefore, the scheduling calculation period can be divided into multiple sub-scheduling calculation periods according to the scheduling rule requirements. Then, the water level control or outflow control targets of each sub-scheduling calculation period are determined according to the scheduling needs of each sub-scheduling calculation period, and then the water balance calculation of each scheduling stage is performed.

[0117] (c3) The time period of the scheduling period is generally selected based on the flood occurrence time predicted in the flood forecast. The start and end times of the scheduling calculation are generally selected at a certain moment before the flood begins to rise and at a certain moment after the flood recedes, so as to fully cover a flood scheduling period. Alternatively, the calculation time range can be freely selected according to actual needs, generally starting from the current moment and ending several days later. The scheduling time interval is generally taken as 15 minutes, 0.5 hours, 1 hour, etc., depending on the needs of the reservoir. The number of scheduling time intervals is denoted as T.

[0118] (c4) Starting from the beginning stage, the flood control scheduling model for each scheduling stage is calculated based on the water balance formula. For each stage, the reservoir output, power generation flow, flood discharge, downstream flow, water level at the end of the time period, and gate opening status within the time period need to be calculated.

[0119] (V) Calculation of the initial result set of gate group opening combination:

[0120] (d1) First, calculate the water level Z at the end of time period t based on the scheduling objective. e t and outbound flow Q out t Where t = 1, 2, 3, ..., T. In step (c4), the calculation proceeds sequentially from the first scheduling period to the last T-th period. In the t-th calculation period, the initial water level and inflow are known. The water level at the end of period t (or the average outflow during the period) is determined by the scheduling objective. Then, the average outflow during the period (or the water level at the end of the period) is calculated using the water balance formula.

[0121] (d2) The calculation of reservoir operation output and power generation flow rate is determined, and there are two main calculation schemes:

[0122] (d2-a) One approach is based on the power output plan {Np1, Np2, Np3, ..., Np} transmitted or transmitted to the power grid. T To determine the output at each stage, let N... t =Np t , where N t Np represents the output during the t-th time period. t This represents the planned power output for the t-th time period, where t = 1, 2, 3, ..., T. The power generation flow rate Qg is then calculated using interpolation of the unit characteristic curve (NHQ curve) or by applying the hydropower calculation formula N = kQH (where N is the time period output, k is the comprehensive output coefficient, Q is the power generation flow rate, and H is the power station's net head). t Where t=1,2,3,…,T,Qg t This represents the power generation flow rate during the t-th calculation period;

[0123] (d2-b) Another option is based on the reservoir outflow Q. out t The calculation results are used to determine the outflow rate Q of the reservoir in the t-th time period of the calculation period. out t The full-capacity flow of all generating units of the power plant under the operating conditions not exceeding this calculation period is Qg. max t (i.e. Q) out t <Qg max t If the power generation flow rate is Qg, then... t Equal to outbound flow Q out t (i.e. Qg) t =Q out t Then, based on the unit characteristic curve (NHQ curve), interpolation or using the N=kQH formula, the output N for each time period is calculated in reverse. t Otherwise, when the calculated outbound flow exceeds the full outbound flow (i.e., Q), out t ≥Qg max t Then the output during the time period is equal to the expected output N. max t (i.e. N) t =N max t The power generation flow is the full-capacity flow of all generating units (i.e., Qg). t =Qg max t );

[0124] (d3) After the power generation flow is calculated, subtract the power generation flow and other outflows (outflows through other means other than flood discharge through the gate or power generation by the generating unit, denoted as Q) from the outflow. other t The flood discharge rate Qd at stage t t ;

[0125] (d4) Based on the method in step (iii), using the established gate group combination rule model, determine the opening degree of each gate in the t-th calculation period:

[0126] (d4-a) According to the gate combination decision-making standard, it is represented by the mapping relationship {{X1}. t ,{X2} t ,…,{X n} t}=f({Z t Q in t}), the actual water level Z in the t-th calculation period. t and inbound flow Qin t Substitute the values ​​into the calculation to obtain the opening range of each gate during the calculation period;

[0127] (d4-b) The general principle for opening floodgates is: prioritize changing the opening degree of already opened gates; if the already opened gates cannot meet the needs, consider prioritizing the opening of gates that are not under maintenance or open according to the gate opening sequence; gates under maintenance are set to zero opening degree and cannot participate in flood discharge calculations; when calculating faulty gates, consider keeping the gate opening degree unchanged. Based on this, according to each instantiated gate RG object, and based on the operating status ro value of each RG object, directly determine the opening degree of gates in fault or maintenance status during calculation phase t; then, using the GT object to which the faulty RG gate object belongs, obtain the discharge curve / formula, and calculate the gate discharge flow rate of this faulty gate RG object in this phase; use the flood discharge flow rate Qd... t Subtracting the discharge flow of all faulty gates in stage t, we obtain the total discharge flow Qy that the remaining normal gates need to be allocated. t ;

[0128] (d4-c) Consider the gates that are in the open state as gates to be assigned. Take the maximum gate opening value within the range of the gate openings to be assigned in stage t, and calculate the maximum discharge capacity Qy of all gates to be assigned under the current operating condition. max Then, take the minimum gate opening and calculate the minimum discharge flow rate Qy. min Determine the total discharge flow rate Qy that needs to be allocated to the remaining gates to be allocated. t Is it in {Qy min Qy max Within the range;

[0129] (d4-d)Qy t In {Qy min Qy max Within the specified range, the calculation does not need to consider newly opened or closed gates. Based on the gate opening sequence and range, and ensuring that the opened gate objects RT belonging to the same gate type GT maintain the same opening degree as much as possible (to maintain uniform flood discharge), the flow rate Qy is calculated using the discharge curves / formulas of each GT object. t Assign gates to each gate object (RT) and calculate the gate opening.

[0130] (d4-e)Qy t Not in {Qy min Qy max If the value is within the specified range, then based on the gate opening and closing sequence, the calculation considers either opening or closing a new gate, and then combines them into a group of gates to be assigned. The process returns to step (d4-c) for further calculation until Qy is reached. t Satisfying {Qy min Qy max} range, and proceed to step (d4-d);

[0131] (d4-f) If all usable gates are fully opened or fully closed, the total discharge capacity Qs of the usable gates is calculated. t Still unable to satisfy Qy t In this situation, Qy t =Qs t And regain the reservoir discharge flow rate Qd t Then, the total outflow and final water level of the reservoir during time period t are calculated using the water balance formula.

[0132] (d5) Iterate from the first time period to the last time period T, and count the opening degree (X1, X2, X3, ..., X) of each RG gate object at each stage. T Finally, the gate group opening set is obtained, such as... Figure 3 As shown;

[0133] (vi) Optimize and adjust the result set of gate group opening combination.

[0134] (e1) First, the scheduling period is divided into several sub-stages, with each sub-stage having the same conditions regarding water level and inflow. Based on the gate decision table obtained in step (iii) and the initial gate group opening set, water level, and outflow process obtained in step (v), the actual inflow and calculated water level of each stage in the calculation period are compared with the water level and inflow conditions in the gate decision table. Several adjacent time periods with the same water level and inflow are divided into a sub-stage. The entire scheduling period is then organized into several sub-stages, such as... Figure 4 As shown;

[0135] (e2) In each sub-stage, the opening degree of all gate groups in the entire sub-stage is made consistent through iterative calculation:

[0136] (e2-a) Based on the final water level of the last period of the sub-stage, the initial water level of the sub-stage and the inflow of each period are known. Calculate the average outflow of the sub-stage based on the water balance.

[0137] (e2-b) Calculate the final water level of each scheduling period within the sub-stage by using the average outflow rate, and obtain the highest water level and the lowest water level within the sub-stage.

[0138] (e2-c) Treat the sub-stage as a whole time period, and use the highest and lowest water levels respectively to repeat the methods of steps (iv) and (v) to deduce the set of all gate groups with the largest opening degree and the set with the smallest opening degree within the scheduling sub-stage;

[0139] (e2-d) Set the iteration precision and maximum number of iterations. Treat the sub-stage as a whole. Calculate the opening of each gate based on the set of the largest and smallest openings of the gate group. Combine all gate openings into the sub-stage gate group opening set. Calculate the final water level of the sub-stage based on the gate opening set. Determine if the difference between this final water level and the initial value of the final water level of the sub-stage calculated in step (v) is less than the iteration precision. If the precision requirement is met, output the sub-stage gate group opening set. If not, use the final water level calculated this time as a benchmark and proceed to step (e2-b) to continue calculation. If the number of calculations exceeds the maximum number of iterations, terminate the calculation and output the initial gate opening result set obtained in step (v).

[0140] (e3) The output sub-stage gate group opening set is used as the gate group opening result set for each time period of the entire scheduling sub-stage, and then the water level and outflow at the end of each time period are calculated.

[0141] (e4) Based on the gate scheduling constraints and water level and outflow constraints, the water level and outflow exceeding the limits in the sub-stage are controlled again to reach the upper and lower limits of the final water level or outflow. Then, the gate opening set of the stage is back-calculated using the methods in steps (iv) and (v).

[0142] (e5) Starting from the first sub-stage, traverse all sub-stages until the computation is complete.

[0143] Through the above six steps, the opening plan of each gate for each time period during the scheduling period is finally obtained.

[0144] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gate scheduling optimization method considering the homogenization of reservoir flood discharge process, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Object-oriented modeling of reservoir gate groups; Instantiation of a specific gate object; Gate group combinations are modeled using rules; Modeling and flood control calculation of reservoir flood control scheduling rules; Calculation of the initial result set of gate group opening combination; Optimization and adjustment of the gate group opening combination result set; The reservoir gate group is modeled using an object-oriented approach, employing a system generalization and structured representation method to fully express the basic information and operation-related attributes of the gates. Specific steps include: The reservoir gate group was generalized. The gate is modeled using an object-oriented approach and denoted as the RG object class. The RG object class includes the gate number. Type number Gate name Maintenance Plan Operating status Opening order Closing order Gate opening ; The gate type is modeled and denoted as a GT object class, which includes the gate type number. Type Name Flow curve / formula Feasible range for gate opening ; The RG object class and the GT object class are associated through the gate type number to jointly describe the characteristics and information of all gate objects in the reservoir; The method for generalizing the reservoir gate group includes: All gate groups are divided into several gate groups according to the characteristics of reservoir gates. Gates of the same model and location are grouped into one gate group. Gates in the same group have the same manufacturer, opening type, and discharge curve / formula. Number each gate according to its grouping, denoted as The gates in the same group are numbered consecutively; Number the gate model and denote it as: The same group of gates has the same gate model number.

2. The gate scheduling optimization method considering the uniformity of reservoir flood discharge process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for instantiating the specific gate object include: Using the RG object class, based on the gate number and gate name Instantiate and generate each reservoir gate, and assign a gate type number to each gate. Assignment; Using the GT object class, based on type number and type name Instantiate and generate all gate types; Assign the actual maintenance plan to each instantiated gate object. Operating status Opening order Closing order Gate opening Real-time control of data information: The maintenance plan is represented by a complex array of objects consisting of time object units, denoted as . ; The operating state is recorded as There are four states: open, closed, fault, and maintenance. Each state is represented by an integer to form a mapping relationship. After extracting the initial operating state of each gate scheduling calculation, the integer representing the different states is used to assign values ​​to the gate objects. The opening sequence Closing order According to the reservoir gate operation rules, the gates are sorted from the first gate to the last gate, with the sorting sequence number starting from 1. The opening / closing sequence number of each gate is then assigned to the gate object. The gate opening is denoted as This is a set of time series data, representing the average gate opening in each time period during the scheduling calculation period. The initial gate opening value is assigned to the first gate opening value. This indicates that the initial values ​​of the aperture data sequence have been determined; Assign the discharge curve / formula to each instantiated gate type object. Feasible range for gate opening information.

3. The gate scheduling optimization method considering the uniformity of reservoir flood discharge process according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific steps for modeling the gate group combination using rules include: According to the specifications for the combined use of reservoir gate groups under different water levels and inflow conditions at different times of the year, the opening degree sets of each gate are determined. As decision variables, each time period Corresponding reservoir water level Inbound flow As independent variables, the gate combination decision is represented as a mapping relationship using a standard notation. The openness set middle Indicates the gate number, Indicates different periods of the year. Indicates the number is The gate is The set of openness during a given period; The mapping relationship of gate combination decisions is transformed into a gate decision table according to the actual operation rules. The decision table can express the opening range of each gate corresponding to different time ranges, water level ranges, and inflow ranges.

4. The gate scheduling optimization method considering the uniformity of reservoir flood discharge process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for modeling and calculating flood control rules for reservoir flood control operations include: The objective function is determined based on the actual needs of the scheduling decision-maker, a set of constraints is selected, and a flood control scheduling calculation model is established. The set of constraints includes upper and lower limits of reservoir water level, upper and lower limits of outflow, and upper and lower limits of power output. The objective function is the water level at the end of the scheduling period, the outflow at each period of the scheduling period, or the water level, outflow, and gate control method described according to the scheduling rules of a specific reservoir. Divide the scheduling period into time phases; The flood control scheduling model for each scheduling stage is calculated based on the water balance formula, and the reservoir output, power generation flow, flood discharge, downstream discharge flow, water level at the end of the time period, and gate opening status during the time period are obtained for each stage.

5. The gate scheduling optimization method considering the uniformity of reservoir flood discharge process according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for determining the objective function includes: Using the reservoir water level at the end of the given scheduling period as the target condition, the flood calculation water level and outflow for the entire scheduling period are obtained by calculating the power output and water volume allocation for each period of the scheduling period, so as to ultimately satisfy the target water level calculated at the end of the scheduling period.

6. The gate scheduling optimization method considering the uniformity of reservoir flood discharge process according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for determining the objective function includes: The target condition is the reservoir outflow or flood discharge for all periods of the entire scheduling period. The water level at the end of each period and the power output during each period are calculated through water balance. Ultimately, the reservoir outflow or flood discharge requirements for each scheduling stage during the scheduling period will be met.

7. The gate scheduling optimization method considering the uniformity of reservoir flood discharge process according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for determining the objective function includes: The reservoir scheduling rules are transformed into a hybrid control mode that combines water level control and outflow control, and the scheduling calculation period is divided into multiple sub-scheduling calculation periods according to the requirements of the scheduling rules. Based on the scheduling requirements of each sub-scheduling period, the water level control or outflow control targets for each sub-scheduling period are determined, and then water balance calculations are performed for each scheduling stage.

8. The gate scheduling optimization method considering the uniformity of reservoir flood discharge process according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steps for dividing the scheduling period into time phases are as follows: Divide the time into start and end times, choosing a moment before the flood begins to rise as the start time and a moment after the flood recedes as the end time, or choosing the current moment as the start time and no end time in the next few days; Select the scheduling time interval step, which can be chosen based on the reservoir's required time interval step, including: 15 minutes, 0.5 hours, and 1 hour; Record the number of scheduling periods, T.

9. A gate scheduling optimization method considering the uniformity of reservoir flood discharge process according to claim 8, characterized in that, The steps for calculating the initial result set of the gate group opening combination are as follows: Calculate the water level at the end of each time period based on the scheduling objectives. and outbound flow ,in ; Determine the output of reservoir scheduling and power generation flow ; Subtract the power generation flow and other outflows from the outflow to obtain the flood discharge flow at stage t. The other outflow is the outflow through other means besides flood discharge through the gate or power generation by the generating unit; Using the established gate group combination rule model, determine the first The opening degree of each gate in each calculation period; Iterate through the first time period to the last time period T, and count the opening degree of each RG gate object at each stage. Finally, the gate group opening set is obtained.

10. The gate scheduling optimization method considering the uniformity of reservoir flood discharge process according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method for determining the output calculation of reservoir scheduling is as follows: According to the power output plan sent or uploaded to the power grid To determine the output at each stage, ,in Indicates the first Work during specific time periods Indicates the first The time-period output plan ; Then use the unit characteristic curve NHQ curve interpolation or utilize Formula to calculate power generation flow ,in, , This represents the power generation flow rate during the t-th calculation period.

11. The gate scheduling optimization method considering the uniformity of reservoir flood discharge process according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method for determining the output calculation of reservoir scheduling is as follows: like Then let Then, based on the unit characteristic curve NHQ curve, interpolation or using... Formula reverse calculation ; like Then let N t =N max t At this time, Qg t =Qg max t ,in Indicates the first Reservoir outflow rate at different times Indicates the first The power station operates at full capacity for all generating units under the specified time period conditions. Indicates the first Power generation flow rate for each time period express Time period output, N max t This indicates the expected effort during time period t. .

12. The gate scheduling optimization method considering the uniformity of reservoir flood discharge process according to claim 11, characterized in that, The steps for determining the opening degree of each gate in the t-th calculation period by using the rule model of the existing gate group combination are as follows: According to the gate combination decision-making standard, it is represented as a mapping relationship. The actual water level in the t-th calculation period and inbound flow Substitute the values ​​into the calculation to obtain the opening range of each gate during the calculation period; Prioritize changing the opening degree of already opened gates; if the already opened gates cannot meet the needs, consider opening gates that have not been inspected or opened according to the gate opening sequence; gates under maintenance are set to zero opening degree and cannot participate in flood discharge calculations; when calculating faulty gates, consider keeping the gate opening degree unchanged; based on this, according to the instantiated gate RG object, and the running status of each RG object... The value directly determines the gate's status as faulty or under maintenance during the calculation phase. The degree of opening; Then, using the GT object to which the RG gate object belongs in the faulty state, obtain the discharge curve / formula and calculate the gate discharge rate of this faulty RG gate object in this stage; use the flood discharge rate. Subtracting the discharge flow of all faulty gates in stage t, we obtain the total discharge flow that the remaining normal gates need to be allocated. ; Gates in the open state are considered as gates to be assigned. The maximum gate opening within the range of the gates to be assigned in stage t is used to calculate the maximum discharge capacity of all gates to be assigned under the current operating conditions. Then, take the minimum gate opening and calculate the minimum discharge flow. Determine the total discharge flow that the remaining gates to be allocated need to distribute. Is it in Within the range; exist Within the specified range, the calculation does not need to consider newly opened or closed gates. Based on the gate opening sequence and range, and ensuring that opened gate objects RT belonging to the same gate type GT maintain the same opening degree as much as possible, the flow rate is calculated using the discharge curves / formulas of each GT object. Assign gates to each gate object (RT) and calculate the gate opening. Not here If the gates are within the specified range, the calculation will consider opening or closing a new gate based on the gate opening and closing sequence, then group them into a group of gates to be assigned, and the calculation will return to the previous step until... satisfy scope; Calculate the total discharge capacity of all usable gates by opening or closing all available gates. Still unable to satisfy In this case, then let and regain the reservoir discharge flow. Then, the reservoir's water level is calculated using the water balance formula. Total outflow and final water level for the period.

13. The gate scheduling optimization method considering the uniformity of reservoir flood discharge process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optimization and adjustment method for the gate group opening combination result set includes: The scheduling period is divided into several sub-stages, and the water level and inflow in each sub-stage meet the same conditions. Based on the gate decision table and the initial gate group opening set, water level, and outflow process, the actual inflow and calculated water level of each stage in the calculation period are compared with the inflow and water level conditions in the gate decision table. Several adjacent time periods with the same inflow and water level are divided into a sub-stage, and the entire scheduling period is organized into several sub-stages. In each sub-stage, iterative calculations are used to ensure that the opening degree of all gate groups in the entire sub-stage is consistent. The output sub-stage gate group opening set is used as the gate group opening result set for each time period of the entire scheduling sub-stage, and then the water level and outflow at the end of each time period are calculated. Based on the gate scheduling constraints and water level and outflow constraints, the periods in the sub-stage where the water level or outflow exceeds the limit are re-controlled to meet the upper and lower limits of the final water level or outflow, and then the gate opening set for that stage is calculated in reverse. Starting from the first sub-stage, traverse all sub-stages until the computation is complete.

14. The gate scheduling optimization method considering the uniformity of reservoir flood discharge process according to claim 13, characterized in that, The steps for ensuring consistent gate group openings across all stages of the entire sub-stage through iterative calculation are as follows: Based on the final water level of the last period of the sub-stage, the initial water level of the sub-stage and the inflow rate of each period are known. The average outflow rate of the sub-stage is calculated based on the water balance. By calculating the average outflow rate, the final water level of each scheduling period within the sub-stage is obtained, thus yielding the highest and lowest water levels within the sub-stage. Treating each sub-stage as a single time period, we use the highest and lowest water levels to deduce the set of all gate groups with the largest and smallest openings within that scheduling sub-stage. Set the iteration precision and maximum number of iterations. Treat the sub-stage as a whole, calculate the opening degree of each gate based on the set of the largest opening degree and the set of the smallest opening degree of all gate groups, and combine all gate opening degrees into the sub-stage gate group opening degree set. Calculate the final water level of the sub-stage based on the gate opening set, and determine whether the difference between the final water level and the initial value of the calculated final water level of the sub-stage is less than the iteration accuracy. If the accuracy requirement is met, output the gate opening set of the sub-stage. If not, use the final water level calculated this time as the benchmark and continue the calculation. If the number of calculations exceeds the maximum number of iterations, terminate the calculation and output the initial gate opening result set.

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