A vehicle battery on-board charging controller and a vehicle

Abstract

The present invention discloses an on-board charging controller for automobile batteries, comprising a battery temperature acquisition unit, a charging current acquisition unit, a DC bus voltage acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a charge and discharge control unit, a voltage regulating unit, and a voltage stabilizing unit. The on-board charging controller for automobile batteries of the present invention overcomes the occurrence of overcharging, undercharging, and sulfation during the use of batteries by setting the charging parameters of the batteries, automatically controlling the charging voltage according to the actual temperature of the batteries, and controlling the charging time according to the current of the charging process, thereby extending the service life of the batteries and improving the reliability of system operation; in addition, by setting the charging parameters of the batteries, the charging controller is applicable to the charging process of ordinary batteries, flooded maintenance-free batteries, and AGM batteries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of automobile charging, and in particular relates to an automobile battery on-board charging controller and an automobile. Background Art

[0002] The battery is an important component of commercial vehicles, and its main function is to provide electrical energy for starting, ignition and lighting of the vehicle. In recent years, with the development and progress of society and the continuous pursuit of quality of life, commercial vehicles have been designed with inverter output functions to meet the power demand of on-board air conditioners, water heaters, induction cookers, electric blankets and other electrical appliances, thereby improving the working comfort of drivers and passengers. When the vehicle stops running, using the engine to generate electricity to drive the on-board electrical appliances to work, the fuel consumption is high, the operating cost is high, it is not economical, and the carbon emissions are large. In order to change this situation, the mainstream commercial vehicle is designed to shut down the engine when the vehicle stops, and use the starting battery to power the on-board electrical appliances through the inverter to reduce fuel consumption, operating costs and carbon emissions.

[0003] In addition to meeting the needs of vehicle electrical appliances, the remaining power output by the on-board generator of the car is used to charge the battery. At present, commercial vehicles with inverter power supply function basically use a 24V power supply system. In order to take into account the ambient temperature in winter and summer, when the generator is running at full speed, its output voltage is controlled to 28.5V±0.3V. For conventional batteries used for simple starting, since the discharge amount of each start is very small, this mode can still meet the charging requirements of the battery. However, when the battery is used to supply power to the high-power electrical appliances carried by the inverter for recycling, due to the large discharge amount and the influence of ambient temperature, the charging voltage of 28.5V will cause the battery to be undercharged for a long time, shorten its service life, and reduce the reliability of the system operation. On the other hand, since the on-board batteries include ordinary batteries, flooded maintenance-free batteries, AGM batteries and other categories, due to the differences in the charging and discharging characteristics of different types of batteries, their charging voltages should also be somewhat different. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an automotive battery on-board charging controller and an automotive vehicle. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] An on-board charging controller for automobile batteries includes a battery temperature acquisition unit, a charging current acquisition unit, a DC bus voltage acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a charging and discharging control unit, a voltage regulating unit, and a voltage stabilizing unit, wherein:

[0006] The battery temperature acquisition unit is connected to the negative electrode of the battery and is used to collect battery temperature data;

[0007] The charging current acquisition unit is connected to the positive electrode of the battery and is used to collect the charging current data of the battery;

[0008] DC bus voltage acquisition unit, used to collect battery voltage data;

[0009] A data processing unit, used for processing the temperature data, the current data and the voltage data to obtain an output control signal;

[0010] A charge and discharge control unit, used for controlling the connection or disconnection of the voltage regulating unit or the voltage stabilizing unit according to the output control signal;

[0011] The voltage regulating unit is connected to the battery and is used to adjust the output voltage to charge the battery when it is turned on;

[0012] The voltage stabilizing unit is connected to the voltage bus and is used to supply power to the voltage bus when turned on.

[0013] In a specific embodiment, the charge and discharge control unit includes a charging switch and a discharging switch, wherein the charging switch is connected between the voltage regulating unit and the voltage bus, and the discharging switch is connected between the battery and the voltage stabilizing unit.

[0014] In a specific embodiment, it also includes:

[0015] A first voltage comparator, connected between the voltage bus and the data processing unit, for generating a first comparison signal when determining that the voltage of the voltage bus is greater than or equal to a first preset value;

[0016] A second voltage comparator, connected between the voltage bus and the data processing unit, for generating a second comparison signal when determining that the voltage of the voltage bus is greater than or equal to a second preset value;

[0017] The data processing unit is also used to control the discharge switch to be closed when the first comparison signal or the second comparison signal is not received; or to control the discharge switch to be closed and the charge switch to be closed when the first comparison signal is received; or to control the charge switch to be closed when the first comparison signal and the second comparison signal are received.

[0018] In a specific embodiment, it further includes a current correction unit, which is used to correct the charging voltage according to the temperature data, and control the voltage regulation module to adjust the charging voltage to a corrected charging voltage and output it to the battery, wherein the correction formula is:

[0019] U1=U0-(T1-T0)×α, wherein U1 is the charging voltage after correction, U0 is the charging voltage before correction, T1 is the current temperature of the battery, T0 is the reference temperature, and α is the adjustment factor; wherein the reference temperature is 25°C, and the adjustment factor is 0.040.

[0020] In a specific embodiment, the charging current acquisition unit is further used to control the data processing unit to perform timing when determining that the charging current is reduced to a preset current value;

[0021] The data processing unit is also used to control the voltage regulation module to output a floating charge voltage when a timing threshold is met; wherein the floating charge voltage is 27.0V.

[0022] In a specific implementation, the charging current collection unit includes a current transformer, and the current transformer is wound around the positive electrode wire of the battery.

[0023] In a specific embodiment, the charge and discharge control unit includes a solid-state relay.

[0024] The present invention also provides a car, comprising the above-mentioned car battery on-board charging controller.

[0025] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0026] The on-board charging controller for automobile batteries of the present invention overcomes the occurrence of overcharging, undercharging, and sulfation during the use of batteries by setting the charging parameters of the batteries, automatically controlling the charging voltage according to the actual temperature of the batteries, and controlling the charging time according to the current of the charging process, thereby extending the service life of the batteries and improving the reliability of system operation; in addition, by setting the charging parameters of the batteries, the controller is applicable to the charging process of ordinary batteries, flooded maintenance-free batteries, and AGM batteries.

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an on-board charging controller module for an automobile battery provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of an on-board charging controller module of an automobile battery according to a specific example of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 The present invention provides a circuit diagram of an on-board charging controller for an automobile battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0032] Embodiment 1

[0033] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3 , Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an on-board charging controller module for an automobile battery provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 The present invention provides a circuit diagram of an on-board charging controller for an automobile battery. The controller includes a battery temperature acquisition unit, a charging current acquisition unit, a DC bus voltage acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a charging and discharging control unit, a voltage regulating unit, and a voltage stabilizing unit.

[0034] The battery temperature acquisition unit is connected to the negative electrode of the battery and is used to collect battery temperature data. In this embodiment, the battery temperature acquisition unit uses a DS18B20 temperature sensor to collect temperature;

[0035] The charging current acquisition unit is connected to the positive electrode of the battery and is used to collect the battery charging current data; specifically, the battery temperature acquisition unit uses a current transformer, which is wound around the positive electrode wire of the battery. The current transformer limits the current to 0A to 100A in the coil, and the output is a 0V to 5V voltage output. The output is connected to the IN0 port of the ADC0809 digital-to-analog conversion chip, and the ADC0809 performs analog-to-digital conversion to convert the battery charging current size information into a digital signal. The digital signal is connected to the P1 port of the MCU using an 8-bit parallel input port to collect the battery charging current data;

[0036] The DC bus voltage acquisition unit is used to collect battery voltage data. Specifically, a proportional sampler is used. The principle of voltage reduction through series resistance is adopted. The principle of voltage division does not increase the line burden. A 5+1MΩ shunt bridge is used as the main circuit for voltage sampling. A 30UF electrolytic capacitor is connected in parallel in the circuit for filtering. The intermediate voltage is output to the positive input terminal of the voltage comparator built by two LM324 operational amplifiers as the comparison source voltage.

[0037] A data processing unit is used to process the temperature data, the current data and the voltage data to obtain an output control signal. In this embodiment, the data processing unit uses STC89C52 as a core processor MCU;

[0038] A charge and discharge control unit, used to control the connection or disconnection of the voltage regulating unit or the voltage stabilizing unit according to the output control signal; it uses a high-power solid-state relay as a circuit on-off execution unit to execute related actions output by the MCU in the data processing unit;

[0039] The voltage regulating unit is connected to the battery and is used to adjust the output voltage to charge the battery when it is turned on, wherein a BOOST voltage regulating circuit with a variable duty cycle is used, and the digital signal output by the MCU in the data processing unit is converted by DAC0832 to become the voltage regulating standard of the BOOST voltage regulating circuit, so as to control the battery charging voltage in real time;

[0040] The voltage stabilizing unit is connected to the voltage bus and is used to supply power to the voltage bus when turned on, and to convert the battery voltage into a bus voltage that can be used by the load and the starter when discharge is required.

[0041] In a specific embodiment, the charge and discharge control unit includes a charging switch and a discharging switch, the charging switch is connected between the voltage regulating unit and the voltage bus, and the discharging switch is connected between the battery and the voltage stabilizing unit.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, it also includes:

[0043] A first voltage comparator, connected between the voltage bus and the data processing unit, for generating a first comparison signal when determining that the voltage of the voltage bus is greater than or equal to a first preset value;

[0044] A second voltage comparator, connected between the voltage bus and the data processing unit, for generating a second comparison signal when determining that the voltage of the voltage bus is greater than or equal to a second preset value;

[0045] The data processing unit is also used to control the discharge switch to be closed when the first comparison signal or the second comparison signal is not received; or to control the discharge switch to be closed and the charge switch to be closed when the first comparison signal is received; or to control the charge switch to be closed when the first comparison signal and the second comparison signal are received.

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the solution of the present invention, please continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , where the first voltage comparator is a 28V voltage comparator and the second comparator is a 28.5V voltage comparator for example. The 28V voltage comparator in the two voltage comparators is connected to the voltage-dividing output in the DC bus voltage acquisition unit in the positive direction, and the negative direction uses the VCC5V voltage and the resistor series voltage-dividing form to provide a negative proportional voltage, and the series resistor is 360Ω / 460Ω to simulate the 28V voltage on the bus. The result of the comparator is output to the P0.5 port of the MCU microcontroller. The specific logic is that when the voltage on the bus is less than 28V, the comparator does not output a voltage signal to the MCU. When the voltage on the bus is greater than or equal to 28V, the 28V voltage comparator outputs a 5V high level to the P0.5 port of the MCU.

[0047] The 28.5V voltage comparator in the two-way voltage comparator is connected to the voltage-dividing output in the DC bus voltage acquisition unit in the positive direction, and uses the VCC5V voltage and the resistor series voltage-dividing form to provide a negative proportional voltage in the negative direction. The series resistor is 250Ω / 470Ω to simulate the 28.5V voltage on the bus. The result of the comparator is output to the P0.4 port of the MCU microcontroller. The specific logic is that when the voltage on the bus is less than 28.5V, the comparator does not output a voltage signal to the MCU. When the voltage on the bus is greater than or equal to 28.5V, the 28.5V voltage comparator outputs a 5V high level to the P0.4 port of the MCU.

[0048] After the signal is input to the MCU, the MCU processes and compares the input signal. The specific logic is as follows:

[0049] When the bus voltage is less than 28V, that is, when the vehicle is in the ignition-off state, no signal is input to the MCU from the two voltage comparators. At this time, the MCU determines that the vehicle is in the ignition-off state and only outputs a 5V high level at the P0.0 port, controlling the discharge switch KA1 to close, thereby opening the discharge circuit and allowing the vehicle to be ignited and started at any time.

[0050] When the bus voltage is greater than or equal to 28V and less than 28.5V, that is, the vehicle has been started, the 28V voltage comparator has a signal input to the MCU, while the 28.5V voltage comparator has no signal input to the MCU. At this time, the MCU determines that the vehicle has been started and can be charged, and both P0.0 / P0.2 output high levels at the same time. Without closing the discharge circuit, the charging circuit is opened to charge the battery.

[0051] When the bus voltage is greater than or equal to 28.5V, that is, the vehicle enters a stable starting state and the battery has been partially charged, both voltage comparators have signals input to the MCU. At this time, the MCU determines that the vehicle has been stably started and only outputs a high level at P0.2, closing the discharge circuit and opening the charging circuit to continuously charge the battery.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, it further includes a current correction unit, which is used to correct the charging voltage according to the temperature data, and control the voltage regulation module to adjust the charging voltage to a corrected charging voltage and output it to the battery, wherein the correction formula is:

[0053] U1=U0-(T1-T0)×α, wherein U1 is the charging voltage after correction, U0 is the charging voltage before correction, T1 is the current temperature of the battery, T0 is the reference temperature, and α is the adjustment factor; wherein the reference temperature is 25°C, and the adjustment factor is 0.040.

[0054] This embodiment uses AGM battery and flooded maintenance-free battery as examples.

[0055] The charging of AGM battery (24V 200Ah) is specifically as follows: taking the charging voltage of 29.0V at room temperature of 25°C as the reference, the temperature value detected by the DS18B20 in real time is used as the temperature of the battery during charging to perform temperature correction on the charging voltage. That is, for every 1°C increase (decrease) in the battery temperature, the charging voltage decreases (increases) by 40mV. For example, if the battery voltage is measured to be 40°C, then the calculation is performed according to formula (1):

[0056] 29.0V-(40℃-25℃)×0.040V

[0057] =28.4V…………………………………………(1)

[0058] The MCU outputs the calculated charging voltage value to the P2 parallel output port. The P2 port is connected to the DAC0832 digital-to-analog converter, which converts the digital signal into an analog signal of 4mA to 20mA, and outputs it to the BOOST voltage regulator module (the BOOST module is designed to automatically limit the current to 60A). The voltage regulator module adjusts the output voltage in real time according to the signal value, thereby regulating the charging efficiency. At the same time, when charging is turned on, the current monitoring unit described in the charging current acquisition unit monitors the charging current of the battery in real time. When the charging current drops to 10A (i.e., the preset current value), the MCU starts timing. After timing for 2h (i.e., the timing threshold), the MCU controls the voltage regulator module to drop the voltage to 27.0V (i.e., the floating charge voltage) for floating charging.

[0059] The specific charging of the flooded maintenance-free battery (24V 200Ah) is as follows: Taking the charging voltage of 31.0V at a normal temperature of 25°C as the reference, the temperature value detected by the DS18B20 in real time as the battery temperature is used to perform temperature correction on the charging voltage. That is, for every 1°C increase (decrease) in the battery temperature, the charging voltage decreases (increases) by 40mV. For example, if the battery voltage is measured to be 10°C, calculate according to formula (2):

[0060] 31.0V-(10℃-25℃)×0.040V

[0061] =31.6V…………………………………………(2)

[0062] The MCU outputs the calculated charging voltage value to the P2 parallel output port. The P2 port is connected to the DAC0832 digital-to-analog converter, which converts the digital signal into an analog signal of 4mA to 20mA, and outputs it to the BOOST voltage regulator module (the BOOST module is designed to automatically limit the current to 60A). The voltage regulator module adjusts the output voltage in real time according to the signal value, thereby regulating the charging efficiency. At the same time, when charging is turned on, the current monitoring unit monitors the charging current of the battery in real time. When the charging current drops to 10A, the MCU starts timing. After 2 hours of timing, the MCU controls the voltage regulator module to reduce the voltage to 27.0V for floating charge.

[0063] During the charging process, if the bus is powered off (for example, the vehicle is turned off), the entire system will restart the cycle.

[0064] The on-board charging controller for automobile batteries of the present invention overcomes the occurrence of overcharging, undercharging, and sulfation during the use of batteries by setting the charging parameters of the batteries, automatically controlling the charging voltage according to the actual temperature of the batteries, and controlling the charging time according to the current of the charging process, thereby extending the service life of the batteries and improving the operating reliability of the system; in addition, by setting the charging parameters of the batteries, the controller is applicable to the charging process of ordinary batteries, flooded maintenance-free batteries, and AGM batteries.

[0065] The present invention also provides a car, including the car battery on-board charging controller of this embodiment.

[0066] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0067] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0068] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0069] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0070] Although the present application is described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, in the process of implementing the claimed application, those skilled in the art may understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments by viewing the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, and "one" or "an" does not exclude multiple situations. A single processor or other unit may implement several functions listed in a claim. Certain measures are recorded in different dependent claims, but this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.

[0071] The above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which should be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An on-board charging controller for an automobile battery, characterized in that: It includes a battery temperature acquisition unit, a charging current acquisition unit, a DC bus voltage acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a charge and discharge control unit, a voltage regulation unit, and a voltage stabilization unit, wherein: The battery temperature acquisition unit is connected to the negative electrode of the battery and is used to collect battery temperature data; The charging current acquisition unit is connected to the positive electrode of the battery and is used to collect the charging current data of the battery; DC bus voltage acquisition unit, used to collect battery voltage data; A data processing unit, used for processing the temperature data, the current data and the voltage data to obtain an output control signal; A charge and discharge control unit, used for controlling the connection or disconnection of the voltage regulating unit or the voltage stabilizing unit according to the output control signal; The voltage regulating unit is connected to the battery and is used to adjust the output voltage to charge the battery when it is turned on; The voltage stabilizing unit is connected to the voltage bus and is used to supply power to the voltage bus when connected; The charge and discharge control unit comprises a charge switch and a discharge switch, wherein the charge switch is connected between the voltage regulating unit and the voltage bus, and the discharge switch is connected between the storage battery and the voltage stabilizing unit; Also includes: A first voltage comparator, connected between the voltage bus and the data processing unit, for generating a first comparison signal when determining that the voltage of the voltage bus is greater than or equal to a first preset value; A second voltage comparator, connected between the voltage bus and the data processing unit, for generating a second comparison signal when determining that the voltage of the voltage bus is greater than or equal to a second preset value; The data processing unit is further configured to control the discharge switch to be closed when the first comparison signal or the second comparison signal is not received; or control the discharge switch to be closed and the charge switch to be closed when the first comparison signal is received; or control the charge switch to be closed when the first comparison signal and the second comparison signal are received; It also includes a voltage correction unit, which is used to correct the charging voltage according to the temperature data, and control the voltage regulating unit to adjust the charging voltage to a corrected charging voltage and output it to the battery, wherein the correction formula is: U1=U0-(T1-T0)×α, where U1 is the charging voltage after correction, U0 is the charging voltage before correction, T1 is the current temperature of the battery, T0 is the reference temperature, and α is the adjustment factor; where the reference temperature is 25°C and the adjustment factor is 0.040; The charging current acquisition unit is also used to control the data processing unit to perform timing when determining that the charging current is reduced to a preset current value; The data processing unit is further configured to control the voltage regulating unit to output a floating charge voltage when a timing threshold is met; wherein the floating charge voltage is 27.0V.

2. The vehicle battery on-board charging controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charging current collection unit comprises a current transformer, and the current transformer is wound around the positive electrode wire of the battery.

3. The vehicle battery on-board charging controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charge and discharge control unit includes a solid-state relay.

4. A car, characterized in that: It comprises an on-board charging controller for an automobile battery as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

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