Head-up display device, head-up display system, and traffic device

Abstract

A head-up display device, a head-up display system, and a transportation apparatus. The head-up display device includes a light source portion, an image generation element, and at least one sensor. The light source portion includes at least one light source configured to emit light; the image generation element is configured to output after converting the light emitted by the at least one light source into image light; and the at least one sensor is located on a side of the image generation element close to the light source portion. The sensor of the head-up display device has the potential to avoid affecting the image light.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of this disclosure relate to a head-up display device, a head-up display system, and transportation equipment. Background Technology

[0002] A head-up display (HUD) system projects light from an image source onto an imaging window (e.g., an imaging panel, windshield, etc.) using reflective optical designs. This displays vehicle status information such as speed and fuel level, as well as navigation and hazard warning information, at an appropriate location in front of the driver. This allows the driver to obtain relevant information such as speed and fuel level without deviating from the road ahead, thereby improving driving safety and the driving experience. Summary of the Invention

[0003] At least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a head-up display device, which includes a light source, an image generating element, a reflective element, and at least one sensor. The light source includes at least one light source configured to emit light; the image generating element is configured to convert the light emitted by the at least one light source into image light and output it; the reflective element is configured to receive the image light and reflect and converge it; the at least one sensor is located on the side of the image generating element closer to the light source; and the image generating element and the at least one sensor are jointly configured such that at least a portion of light originating from outside the head-up display device and passing through at least a portion of the image generating element is incident on the at least one sensor.

[0004] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the image generating element includes a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface; light emitted by the at least one light source is incident on the image generating element from the first surface, and the image light exits the image generating element from the second surface; and the orthographic projection of the at least one sensor onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element at least partially overlaps with the image generating element.

[0005] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the light source section further includes a light-emitting driving substrate.

[0006] The at least one light source is located on the side of the light-emitting driving substrate closer to the image generating element; the light-emitting driving substrate is electrically connected to the at least one light source and is configured to drive the at least one light source to emit light; and the orthographic projection of the at least one sensor on the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the at least one light source on the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element.

[0007] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the at least one light source includes a plurality of light sources; the at least one sensor includes a plurality of sensors; and at least a portion of each of the plurality of sensors has its orthographic projection on the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element located in the gap between the orthographic projections of adjacent light sources on the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element.

[0008] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the at least one sensor is fixed on the light-emitting driving substrate.

[0009] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the light-emitting driving substrate has a first opening; the at least one sensor is located on the side of the light-emitting driving substrate away from the image generating element, and the light-collecting surface of the at least one sensor faces the light-emitting driving substrate; the orthographic projection of the at least one sensor on the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first opening on the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element.

[0010] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the head-up display device further includes a housing with a second opening. The light source, the image generating element, the reflective element, and the at least one sensor are all located in the housing; and the image light is configured to exit the head-up display device via the second opening.

[0011] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the head-up display device further includes a diffusion element. The diffusion element is located between the image generating element and the at least one sensor, and is configured to diffuse light originating outside the package housing, entering the package housing from the second opening, and passing through the image generating element.

[0012] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the head-up display device further includes a reflective light guide element. The reflective light guide element is configured to converge at least a portion of light originating from outside the package housing, entering the package housing from the second opening, and passing through the image generating element toward the centerline of the reflective light guide element by reflection.

[0013] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the orthographic projection of the reflective light guide element on the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element at least partially overlaps with the image generating element, and the reflective light guide element is located on the side of the image generating element closer to the light source.

[0014] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the reflective light guide element is a hollow housing; the hollow housing has a third opening and a fourth opening opposite each other; light originating from outside the housing, entering the housing through the second opening, and passing through the image generating element enters the hollow housing through the fourth opening, and can be reflected by a reflective layer on the inner surface of the hollow housing to the at least one sensor; the first surface includes a first region; the orthographic projection of the boundary of the third opening onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element coincides with the boundary of the first region; and the orthographic projection of the at least one sensor onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element is located in the first region.

[0015] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the orthographic projection of the at least one light source onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element is located in the first region; the first surface includes a second region; the orthographic projection of the boundary of the fourth opening onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element coincides with the boundary of the second region of the first surface; and the second region and the first region at least partially overlap.

[0016] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the head-up display device further includes a direction control element. Light emitted by the at least one light source passes sequentially through the reflective light guide element, the direction control element, and the diffuser element; the direction control element is configured to converge the light rays passing through the reflective light guide element and incident on the direction control element; and the diffuser element is further configured to diffuse the light rays converged by the direction control element and incident on the diffuser element.

[0017] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the head-up display device further includes a light filtering element. The light filtering element is disposed in the optical path from the second opening to the image generating element and is configured to reduce the intensity of light originating from outside the package housing and passing through the image generating element.

[0018] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the filter element is further configured such that at least a portion of the light rays originating from outside the package housing and incident on the filter element that are located in a predetermined wavelength band are incident on the image generating element, and light rays originating from outside the package housing and incident on the filter element that are located outside the predetermined wavelength band are filtered out.

[0019] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the image light output by the image generating element includes any one or any combination of light in a first band, a second band, and a third band; the colors of the light in the first band, the second band, and the third band are different from each other; any two of the first band, the second band, and the third band are spaced apart from each other; and the predetermined band includes a combination of the first band, the second band, and the third band.

[0020] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the filter element is also configured to filter out light rays that are outside a predetermined polarization state from the light rays originating outside the package housing and incident on the filter element.

[0021] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the predetermined polarization state is the same as the polarization state of the image light output by the image generating element.

[0022] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the filter element is configured such that a first proportion of the light rays originating from outside the package housing and incident on the filter element are incident on the image generating element; and the spectral distribution of the light rays originating from outside the package housing and incident on the filter element is substantially the same as the spectral distribution of the first proportion of the light rays incident on the image generating element.

[0023] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the filter element is a reflective filter element and is located on the light-reflecting surface of the reflective element.

[0024] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the filter element is a transmissive filter element and is located in the optical path from the image generating element to the second opening.

[0025] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the at least one sensor is configured to communicate with a controller; and the controller is configured to issue an alarm command in response to light originating from outside the housing, passing through the image generating element and incident on the at least one sensor having an intensity greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold.

[0026] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the head-up display device further includes a light-shielding element. The controller is also configured to drive the light-shielding element from a first state to a second state in response to a predetermined light intensity threshold being greater than or equal to the intensity of light originating from outside the package housing, passing through the image generating element, and incident on the at least one sensor; the light-shielding element is configured in the first state to allow light originating from outside the package housing to incident on the image generating element; and the light-shielding element is configured in the second state to prevent light originating from outside the package housing from incident on the image generating element.

[0027] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the head-up display device further includes a feedback unit. The controller is also configured to cause the light-shielding element to switch from the second state to the first state in response to a recovery command output by the feedback unit.

[0028] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the feedback unit is configured to output a recovery command in response to a mismatch between the orientation of the second opening of the encapsulation housing and the current position of the sun.

[0029] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the head-up display device further includes a locator and an angular motion detector. The locator is configured to acquire the latitude and longitude of the current geographical location of the head-up display device; the angular motion detector is configured to acquire the current angular motion parameters of the head-up display device; and the feedback unit is further configured to determine whether the orientation of the second opening of the encapsulation housing matches the position of the sun based on the latitude and longitude of the current geographical location of the head-up display device and the current position of the sun.

[0030] At least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a head-up display system including a partially reflective and partially transmissive element and any head-up display device provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. The partially reflective and partially transmissive element is configured to image a first virtual image output by the head-up display device to form a second virtual image.

[0031] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display system, the first virtual image output by the head-up display device is located at the focal plane of the partially reflective transmissive element.

[0032] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display system, the head-up display system further includes a first reflective film. The first reflective film is located on the surface of the partially reflective, partially transmissive element near the head-up display device; the partially reflective, partially transmissive element has a first reflectivity for light with a first polarization direction; the partially reflective, partially transmissive element has a second reflectivity for light with a second polarization direction; the first reflective film has a third reflectivity for light with a second polarization direction; the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; and both the first reflectivity and the third reflectivity are greater than the second reflectivity.

[0033] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display system, the polarization direction of the image light output by the image generating element of the head-up display device is the second direction.

[0034] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display system, the head-up display system further includes a phase delay element. The phase delay element is located at a second opening in the package housing of the head-up display device, or in the optical path from the second opening to the partially reflective transmissive element.

[0035] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display system, the head-up display system further includes a second reflective film. The second reflective film is located on the surface of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element near the head-up display device; the second reflective film has a fourth reflectivity for light incident on it and located in a predetermined wavelength band; the second reflective film has a fifth reflectivity for visible light incident on it and located outside the predetermined wavelength band; the fourth reflectivity is greater than the fifth reflectivity; the image light output by the image generating element includes any one or any combination of light in a first wavelength band, a second wavelength band, and a third wavelength band; the colors of the first wavelength band, the second wavelength band, and the third wavelength band are different from each other; any two of the first wavelength band, the second wavelength band, and the third wavelength band are spaced apart from each other; and the predetermined wavelength band includes a combination of the first wavelength band, the second wavelength band, and the third wavelength band.

[0036] For example, in at least one example of the head-up display system, the head-up display system further includes a wedge-shaped film located in the interlayer of the partially reflective transmissive element.

[0037] At least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a transportation device that includes a head-up display system provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. The windshield of the transportation device is reused as a partially reflective and partially transmissive element of the head-up display system. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a head-up display system;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system;

[0041] Figure 3A This is a schematic diagram of a head-up display device provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 3B This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display device provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] Figure 4A The image generating element of the head-up display device provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a liquid crystal display panel;

[0044] Figure 4B This is a schematic diagram of a first hybrid arrangement of multiple light sources and multiple sensors provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0045] Figure 4C This is a schematic diagram of a second hybrid arrangement of multiple light sources and multiple sensors provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0046] Figure 4D This is a schematic diagram of a third hybrid arrangement of multiple light sources and multiple sensors provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0047] Figure 5A This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a sensor configuration provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0048] Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of how a filter for a sensor is configured, provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0049] Figure 5C This is a schematic diagram of another example of the arrangement of filters for a sensor provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0050] Figure 6A This is a schematic diagram of a portion of a head-up display device including a reflective light guide element provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 6B yes Figure 6AA schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of the reflective light guide element onto the image generating element;

[0052] Figure 6C An exemplary schematic diagram is shown of an area of ​​a light-emitting driving substrate provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure that is illuminated by a light beam originating from outside the package housing and passing through an image generating element;

[0053] Figure 7A Another exemplary schematic diagram shows an area of ​​a light-emitting driving substrate provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure that is illuminated by a light beam originating from outside the package housing and passing through the image generating element;

[0054] Figure 7B It shows Figure 7A A schematic planar view of the light-emitting driving substrate shown;

[0055] Figure 7C This is a first perspective schematic diagram of a reflective light guide element and sensor provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] Figure 7D yes Figure 7C A top view of the reflective light guide element and sensor shown;

[0057] Figure 7E This is a first schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of the reflective light guide element, light source, and sensor provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure onto the plane containing the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate;

[0058] Figure 7F This is a second perspective view of the reflective light guide element and sensor provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0059] Figure 7G This is a second schematic diagram showing the orthographic projection of the reflective light guide element, light source, and sensor provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure onto the plane containing the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate;

[0060] Figure 8A This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display device provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0061] Figure 8B This is a schematic diagram of the sensor arrangement of a head-up display device including a diffusion element provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] Figure 8C This is a schematic diagram of the sensor arrangement of a head-up display device excluding a diffusion element provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0063] Figure 9A schematic diagram of the diffusion element in a head-up display device provided for at least one embodiment of the present disclosure diffusing light with the same transmission direction;

[0064] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the diffusion element in a head-up display device provided for at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, illustrating the diffusion of light with multiple transmission directions by a diffusion element;

[0065] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a first state of a first example of a light-shielding element provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0066] Figure 12 A schematic diagram showing a second state of a first example of a light-shielding element provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0067] Figure 13A This is a schematic diagram of a second example of a light-shielding element provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0068] Figure 13B This is a schematic block diagram of another head-up display device provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0069] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display device provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0070] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a second state of another head-up display device provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0071] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of a first example of a filter element provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0072] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of a second example of a filter element provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0073] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of a portion of another head-up display device provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0074] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of a head-up display system provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0075] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0076] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0077] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0078] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0079] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0080] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0081] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0082] Figure 27 yes Figure 23 Another schematic diagram of the head-up display system shown; and

[0083] Figure 28 This is an exemplary block diagram of a transportation device provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0084] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0085] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, terms such as “comprising” or “including” mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right” are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, which may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes.

[0086] The eyebox of a head-up display (HUD) system refers to the area where the driver's eyes are positioned, allowing them to see the image output by the HUD system. The eyebox area has a specific size. Even if the driver's eyes are offset by a certain distance from the center of the eyebox—such as vertically or horizontally—as long as they remain within the eyebox area, they can see the image output by the HUD system.

[0087] The inventors of this disclosure noted during their research that, Figure 1 The head-up display system 200 shown is at risk of being damaged by sunlight. The following is in conjunction with... Figure 1 An example is provided.

[0088] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a head-up display system. (Example) Figure 1 As shown, the head-up display system includes an image source 511, a reflective element 512, a housing 514, and a partially reflective and partially transmissive element 513. For example, the image source 511 is located near the focal plane of the reflective element 512. Figure 1 As shown, light emitted from image source 511 is reflected by reflective element 512 (e.g., sequentially reflected by a plane mirror and a curved mirror). The light 521 emitted from image source 511 and reflected by reflective element 512 enters through the opening of encapsulation housing 514 and reaches partially reflective and partially transmissive element 513 (e.g., the windshield of a traffic device), and is reflected by partially reflective and partially transmissive element 513 to form a virtual image 531. The user's eye can observe the virtual image 531 in the eye box area EBO. For example, as... Figure 1 As shown, the virtual image 531 is located on the side of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 513 away from the encapsulation housing 514, and the eye box region EBO is located on the side of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 513 closer to the encapsulation housing 514.

[0089] The inventors of this disclosure noted during their research that, due to the reversibility of the optical path, external light rays (e.g., sunlight 522) passing through the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 513 of the head-up display system via the front window will be converged by the reflective element 512, thereby increasing the intensity of sunlight incident on the image source 511. When the intensity of sunlight 522 is high, even if only a portion of the sunlight 522 rays are incident on the reflective element 512 of the head-up display system, due to the converging effect of the reflective element 512, the intensity of the sunlight 522 ultimately incident on the image source (e.g., a spot of light converged near the image source 511) may still be high. In this case, the sunlight 522 ultimately incident on the image source may cause the temperature of the image source 511 to rise. When the temperature of the image source 511 exceeds a predetermined temperature, the image source 511 may be damaged by heat. For example, the image source 511 may be burned out. For example, the inventors of this disclosure also noted in their research that reducing the distance between the image source 511 and the focal plane of the reflective element 512 (e.g., making the image source 511 near the focal plane of the reflective element 512) will increase the intensity of sunlight 522 incident on the image source 511, which may further increase the temperature of the image source 511, and thus may increase the risk of heat damage to the image source 511.

[0090] The inventors of this disclosure noted during their research that although the image source 511 can be protected by employing shading measures after the intensity of sunlight 522 sensed by a sensor 515 located on or near the reflective element 512 of the head-up display system exceeds a predetermined threshold through an opening in the housing 514 of the head-up display system, or by using a sensor 515 located on or near the reflective element 512 of the head-up display system, the above method has a high false alarm rate (proportion of false alarms) and / or missed alarm rate, which may affect the display effect. The following is in conjunction with... Figure 2 An example is provided.

[0091] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, compared to Figure 1 The head-up display system shown, Figure 2 The head-up display system shown also includes a sensor 515, which is disposed at the opening of the head-up display system.

[0092] For example, since the sensor 515 is located at the opening of the head-up display system, the sensor 515 may block some of the light output from the image source 511 and reflected by the reflective element 512 to the opening of the package housing 514, which may affect the display effect of the head-up display system.

[0093] For example, such as Figure 2As shown, when most of the sunlight 522 is transmitted in the same direction as the light 523, even if sunlight 522 is incident on the head-up display system, the light incident on the head-up display system will not be focused onto the image source 511 by the reflective element 512; however, the intensity of sunlight 522 sensed by the sensor 515 may be higher than a predetermined threshold, causing the head-up display system to issue an alarm.

[0094] At least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a head-up display device, which includes a light source unit, an image generating element, and at least one sensor. The light source unit includes at least one light source configured to emit light; the image generating element is configured to convert the light emitted by the at least one light source into image light and output it; at least one sensor is located on the side of the image generating element near the light source unit.

[0095] For example, by placing at least one sensor on the side of the image generating element closer to the light source, the head-up display device provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure can have a warning function (e.g., anti-burn-in warning function) and the sensor can have the potential to avoid affecting the image light.

[0096] In some examples, the reflective element is configured to receive image light and reflect and converge the image light; at least one sensor is located on the side of the image generating element closer to the light source.

[0097] In some examples, the image generating element and at least one sensor are configured such that at least a portion of light originating from outside the head-up display and passing through at least a portion of the image generating element is incident on at least one sensor. For example, by configuring the image generating element and at least one sensor such that at least a portion of light originating from outside the head-up display and passing through at least a portion of the image generating element is incident on at least one sensor, the accuracy of the warning can be improved and the false alarm rate can be reduced.

[0098] The following describes, in a non-limiting manner, a head-up display device provided according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure through several examples and embodiments. As described below, different features in these specific examples and embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict to obtain new examples and embodiments, which are also within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0099] Figure 3A This is a schematic diagram of a head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 3A As shown, the head-up display device 100 includes a light source, an image generating element 120, and at least one sensor 141.

[0100] For example, such as Figure 3A As shown, the light source unit includes at least one light source 111, which is configured to emit light; the image generating element 120 is configured to convert the light emitted by the at least one light source 111 into an image light IML and output it; at least one sensor 141 is located on the side of the image generating element 120 near the light source unit.

[0101] For example, sensor 141 can collect the light signal incident on it and output the intensity of the light signal incident on it. For example, if the intensity of the light signal is greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold, it indicates that sunlight has entered the head-up display device 100 at this time, and correspondingly, there is a risk that the temperature of the image generating element 120 is higher than a predetermined temperature threshold.

[0102] For example, by placing at least one sensor 141 on the side of the image generating element 120 closer to the light source, the head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure can have a warning function (e.g., anti-burn-in warning function), and the sensor 141 can have the potential to avoid affecting the image light IML. For example, since the sensor 141 is not placed in the optical path of the image light IML, the sensor 141 can not affect the normal imaging of the head-up display device 100.

[0103] For example, such as Figure 3A As shown, the head-up display device 100 also includes a housing 142 with a second opening 143; the light source, the image generating element 120, and at least one sensor 141 are all located in the housing 142. For example, by having the light source, the image generating element 120, the reflective element 130, and at least one sensor 141 all located in the housing 142, the adverse effects of stray light on the display effect of the head-up display device 100 can be reduced.

[0104] For example, such as Figure 3A As shown, the head-up display device 100 also includes a reflective element 130. The reflective element 130 is configured to receive image light IML and reflect and converge the image light IML to image the image light IML. For example, the reflective element 130 is configured to form a virtual image (e.g., a first virtual image) based on the image light IML, for example, forming a first virtual image on the light-emitting side of the head-up display device 100.

[0105] For example, such as Figure 3AAs shown, the reflecting element 130 includes (e.g., only) a curved mirror. For example, the image generating element 120 is located on or near the focal plane of the curved mirror. For example, "near the focal plane of the curved mirror" means that the ratio of the distance between the image generating element 120 and the focal plane of the curved mirror to the focal length of the curved mirror is less than a predetermined proportion. For example, the predetermined proportion can be 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, or other predetermined values. For example, the image generating element 120 is located in the optical path from the focal plane of the curved mirror to the curved mirror. For example, the optical distance between the image generating element 120 and the curved mirror is less than the focal length of the curved mirror. For example, for... Figure 3B In the example shown, the optical distance between the image generating element 120 and the curved mirror is equal to the optical distance between the image generating element 120 and the plane mirror (e.g., the optical distance traveled by the main propagating ray between the image generating element 120 and the plane mirror) plus the optical distance between the plane mirror and the curved mirror (e.g., the optical distance traveled by the main propagating ray between the plane mirror and the curved mirror). For example, the curved mirror is a concave mirror; in this case, the surface of the concave mirror near the image generating element 120 is a concave surface.

[0106] For example, when the curved reflector is implemented as a concave reflector (i.e., a reflector with a concave curved reflective surface), if the optical distance between the image generating element 120 and the concave reflector is less than the focal length of the concave reflector, the concave reflector forms an upright and magnified virtual image based on the image output by the image generating element 120. For example, according to the imaging properties of a concave reflector, when the optical distance between the image generating element 120 and the concave reflector is less than the focal length of the concave reflector (i.e., the image generating element 120 is within one focal length of the concave reflector), the image distance of the concave reflector increases as the optical distance between the image generating element 120 and the concave reflector increases. In other words, the greater the optical distance between the image generating element 120 and the concave reflector, the greater the distance between the user of the head-up display system 200, including the head-up display device 100, and the image they view.

[0107] For example, the reflecting surface of a curved mirror can be a free-form surface, that is, the reflecting surface of a curved mirror does not have rotational symmetry characteristics, in order to improve the imaging quality of the head-up display device 100.

[0108] For example, when the reflecting element 130 comprises only a curved mirror, the image generating element 120 is located between the reflecting element 130 and at least one sensor 141. For example, the orthographic projection of the curved mirror onto the first surface of the image generating element 120 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of at least one sensor 141 onto the first surface of the image generating element 120. For example, the orthographic projection of the curved mirror onto the first surface of the image generating element 120 completely covers the orthographic projection of at least one sensor 141 onto the first surface of the image generating element 120. For example, the orthographic projection of the curved mirror onto the plane containing the second opening 143 at least partially overlaps with the second opening 143; for example, the orthographic projection of the curved mirror onto the plane containing the second opening 143 completely covers the second opening 143.

[0109] For example, such as Figure 3A As shown, light emitted by at least one light source 111 (e.g., at least a portion of the light emitted by at least one light source 111) is converted into image light (IML) by image generating element 120 and then incident on a curved reflector. The light is reflected by the curved reflector to a second opening 143 and exits the encapsulation housing 142 of the head-up display device 100 from the second opening 143. Light originating from outside the head-up display device 100 (i.e., outside the encapsulation housing 142) enters the encapsulation housing 142 of the head-up display device 100 through the second opening 143. Light originating from outside the head-up display device 100 and entering the encapsulation housing 142 of the head-up display device 100 through the second opening 143 (at least a portion of the light) is incident on the curved reflector and reflected by the curved reflector to the image generating element 120. At least a portion of the light originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 of the head-up display device 100 and incident on the image generating element 120 passes through the image generating element 120 (e.g., a pixel unit of a liquid crystal display panel) and is incident on at least one sensor 141.

[0110] It should be noted that the reflective element 130 in at least one embodiment of this disclosure is not limited to only including curved reflectors. In some examples, the reflective element 130 can also be implemented as a combination of a plane mirror and a curved mirror. The following is in conjunction with... Figure 3B An example is provided.

[0111] Figure 3B This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3A The head-up display device 100 shown and Figure 3B The difference between the head-up display device 100 shown is the specific structure of the reflective element 130; the following description regarding... Figure 3A The improvements to the head-up display device 100 shown can also be applied to Figure 3B The head-up display device 100 shown will not be described in detail again.

[0112] For example, such as Figure 3B As shown, the reflective element 130 includes (e.g., only) a first reflector 130a and a second reflector 130b; the first reflector 130a is configured to receive image light IML and reflect the image light IML to the second reflector 130b. For example, as Figure 3B As shown, the image generating element 120 is located between the first reflector 130a and the light source.

[0113] For example, such as Figure 3B As shown, the first reflector 130a is a planar reflector, and the second reflector 130b is a concave reflector. For example, by including the first reflector 130a and the second reflector 130b in the reflective element 130, the optical path from the image generating element 120 to the second reflector 130b can be folded using the first reflector 130a, thereby reducing the size (e.g., volume) of the housing 142 of the head-up display device 100 and improving the utilization efficiency of the internal space of the housing 142. For example, by including the first reflector 130a, which is implemented as a planar reflector, and the second reflector 130b, which is implemented as a curved reflector, the design flexibility of the head-up display device 100 can also be improved. For example, the head-up display device 100 can have a greater imaging distance without increasing the size of the housing 142.

[0114] For example, such as Figure 3B As shown, at least a portion of the light emitted by at least one light source 111 is converted into image light (IML) by the image generating element 120 and then sequentially incident on a plane mirror and a curved mirror. The curved mirror reflects the light to a second opening 143 and exits the encapsulation housing 142 of the head-up display device 100 from the second opening 143. Light originating from outside the head-up display device 100 (i.e., outside the encapsulation housing 142) enters the encapsulation housing 142 of the head-up display device 100 through the second opening 143. Light originating from outside the head-up display device 100 and entering the encapsulation housing 142 of the head-up display device 100 through the second opening 143 (at least a portion of the light) is sequentially incident on the curved mirror and the plane mirror and reflected by the plane mirror to the image generating element 120. At least a portion of the light originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 of the head-up display device 100 and incident on the image generating element 120 passes through the image generating element 120 (e.g., a pixel unit of a liquid crystal display panel) and is incident on at least one sensor 141.

[0115] The implementation of the light source section is illustrated below.

[0116] For example, at least one light source 111 may include multiple light sources 111 (e.g., light-emitting sources, light-emitting elements). For example, multiple light sources may be arranged in an array. For example, each light source 111 may include a single light-emitting element (e.g., an inorganic or organic light-emitting diode). For example, each of the at least one light source 111 may be configured to emit polychromatic light (e.g., white light). For example, at least one light source 111 may generate white light based on blue / ultraviolet light excitation of phosphors. For example, at least one light source 111 may include multiple light sources 111, each of which may be configured to emit monochromatic light (e.g., red, green, or blue light), and the mixture of light emitted by the multiple light sources 111 may produce white light.

[0117] For example, at least one light source 111 includes, but is not limited to, an electroluminescent element, that is, an element that emits light by being excited by an electric field. For example, at least one light source 111 may include any one or any combination of the following light sources: light-emitting diode (LED), organic light-emitting diode (OLED), mini light-emitting diode (Mini LED), micro light-emitting diode (Micro LED), cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL), cold LED light (CLL), electroluminescent (EL) light source, light source for electron emission or field emission display (FED), or quantum dot (QD), etc.

[0118] For example, such as Figure 3A As shown, the head-up display device 100's light source section also includes a light-emitting driving substrate 112 (e.g., a light source substrate). At least one light source 111 is located on the side of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 closest to the image generating element 120; the light-emitting driving substrate 112 is electrically connected to at least one light source 111 and is configured to drive at least one light source 111 to emit light. For example, at least one light source 111 is fixedly connected to the light-emitting driving substrate 112.

[0119] For example, a light source substrate is used to mount light sources. One or more light sources are fixed to the light source substrate via electrical or non-electrical connections to facilitate the overall disassembly and assembly of the light source components. If one or more light sources are fixed to the light source substrate via electrical connections, electrical energy can be transferred to the light sources through the light source substrate, thereby illuminating them. For example, the light source substrate can be made of some special materials; a metal light source substrate can also provide good heat dissipation.

[0120] The following is an exemplary description of the implementation of the image generation element 120.

[0121] For example, such as Figure 3A As shown, the image generating element 120 includes a first surface 120a and a second surface 120b opposite to the first surface 120a; light emitted by at least one light source 111 is incident on the image generating element 120 from the first surface 120a, and image light IML leaves the image generating element 120 from the second surface.

[0122] For example, the image generating element 120 includes a plurality of image generating pixels (e.g., an array of image generating pixels), and the plurality of image generating pixels are configured to independently adjust the transmittance of light incident on the plurality of image generating pixels respectively. For example, each of the plurality of image generating pixels can be a light valve (e.g., a liquid crystal light valve).

[0123] For example, the image generating element 120 may include, for example, Figure 4A The liquid crystal display panel shown (excluding the liquid crystal display panel with backlight).

[0124] like Figure 4A As shown, the liquid crystal display panel includes a liquid crystal cell CL, which includes a first substrate SBS1 (e.g., an array substrate) and a second substrate SBS2 (e.g., a color filter substrate). The first substrate SBS1 and the second substrate SBS2 are disposed opposite to each other, with a liquid crystal layer LCL sandwiched between them. The liquid crystal layer LCL is sealed within the liquid crystal cell CL by a sealant SLT.

[0125] like Figure 4A As shown, the liquid crystal display panel also includes a first polarizer POL1 and a second polarizer POL2 disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal cell CL. The first polarizer POL1 is located on the side of the liquid crystal cell CL closer to the light source, and the second polarizer is located on the side of the liquid crystal cell CL away from the light source.

[0126] like Figure 3A and Figure 4A As shown, the light source is configured to provide backlight BL to the liquid crystal cell CL, and the backlight BL is converted into image light IML after passing through the liquid crystal display panel.

[0127] For example, the transmission axis of the first polarizer and the transmission axis of the second polarizer may be perpendicular to each other, but this is not a limitation. For example, the first polarizer may allow first linearly polarized light to pass through, and the second polarizer may allow second linearly polarized light to pass through, but this is not a limitation. For example, the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light may be perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light.

[0128] For example, when the image generating element 120 includes a liquid crystal display panel, the image generating pixels of the image generating element 120 include the pixel units of the liquid crystal display panel.

[0129] In some examples, the image light IML output by the image generating element 120 includes any one or any combination of light from a first band, a second band, and a third band. For example, the colors of the first band, the second band, and the third band are different from each other. For example, any two bands of the first, second, and third bands are spaced apart from each other.

[0130] For example, the center point of the first band (e.g., the peak wavelength of the light in the first band) is located between 411 nm and 480 nm, the center point of the second band (e.g., the peak wavelength of the light in the second band) is located between 500 nm and 565 nm, and the center point of the third band (e.g., the peak wavelength of the light in the third band) is located between 590 nm and 690 nm. For example, the peak width (e.g., full width at half maximum, FWHM) of at least one (e.g., all) of the light in the first, second, and third bands is less than or equal to a predetermined peak width; for example, the predetermined peak width is 50 nm, 40 nm, 30 nm, or other applicable values.

[0131] The following provides an exemplary description of how at least one sensor 141 is implemented.

[0132] In one example, the predetermined light intensity threshold can be a fixed value. For example, the head-up display device 100 may include a light sensing phase located, for example, between adjacent display frames, in which at least some (e.g., all) of the image generating pixels (e.g., pixel units of a liquid crystal display panel) of the image generating element 120 have a transmittance of a predetermined transmittance (e.g., 50%); in this case, the predetermined light intensity threshold can be calculated based on the aforementioned predetermined transmittance and a light intensity threshold that affects the performance of the image generating pixels of the image generating element 120 (e.g., damages the image generating pixels).

[0133] In another example, at least one sensor 141 can sense light signals incident on the head-up display device 100 during the display phase; a predetermined light intensity threshold can be calculated based on the transmittance of at least a portion of the image generating pixels of the image generating element 120 (e.g., the image generating pixel corresponding to at least one sensor 141) and a light intensity threshold that affects the performance of the image generating pixels of the image generating element 120; in this case, the predetermined light intensity threshold can vary with the grayscale distribution of the image displayed by the head-up display device 100.

[0134] For example, at least one sensor 141 includes any one or any combination of a visible light sensor, an infrared sensor, and an ultraviolet sensor. For example, at least one sensor 141 can be implemented as an ultraviolet / infrared hybrid sensor. For example, the operating wavelength of at least one sensor 141 can be determined based on the spectral distribution of the light incident on at least one sensor 141. For clarity, the operating wavelength of at least one sensor 141 will be described in detail in the example illustrating the head-up display device 100 including the filter element 193, and will not be repeated here.

[0135] For example, at least one sensor 141 can be implemented as a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensor, a charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor, or a PIN junction photosensitive device sensor. For example, at least one sensor 141 (e.g., each sensor 141) may include a photodetector (e.g., a photodiode, a phototransistor, etc.) and a switching transistor (e.g., a switching transistor). The photodiode can convert light signals incident upon it into electrical signals, and the switching transistor can be electrically connected to the photodiode to control whether the photodiode is in a light-collecting state and the duration of light-collecting. For example, since the light-collecting surface of CMOS-based sensors and CCD-based sensors can be set to be relatively large, when the number of sensors included in the display device is fixed, the sum of the areas of the light-collecting surfaces of the sensors included in the display device is larger, thereby improving the sensing effect; or, with the same sensing effect, the display device includes fewer sensors, which is easier to implement.

[0136] For example, at least one sensor 141 is configured to communicate with a controller to provide the controller with intensity data of light incident on at least one sensor 141 sensed by at least one sensor 141; the controller is configured to issue an alarm in response to light intensity originating from outside the housing 142, passing through the image generating element 120 and incident on at least one sensor 141 being greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold.

[0137] For example, the controller is configured to receive intensity data of light incident on at least one sensor 141 sensed by at least one sensor 141, and to issue an alarm command in response to the intensity data provided by at least one sensor 141 being greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold, so that the relevant components of the head-up display device 100 issue an alarm based on the alarm command.

[0138] For example, at least one sensor 141 communicates with the controller via a wired or wireless connection to enable communication between the at least one sensor 141 and the controller. In one example, the head-up display device 100 also includes a controller. In another example, the controller may reuse the controller of a user-driven transportation device (e.g., a vehicle control system) or a controller using electronic devices (e.g., a driver's mobile electronic device).

[0139] For example, the implementation of the controller can be set according to the actual application requirements, and the embodiments disclosed herein do not impose specific limitations on this. For example, the controller may include a processor and a memory. The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a PLC (programmable logic controller), etc., and the memory may be various types of storage devices, such as magnetic storage devices or semiconductor storage devices, etc., which may store executable instructions. When these executable instructions are executed by the processor, they can perform corresponding functions.

[0140] For example, the controller is also configured to control the image generating element 120 to display warning text, images, etc., in response to intensity data provided by at least one sensor 141 being greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold, so as to prompt the user (e.g., the driver) to turn off the head-up display 100.

[0141] For example, the light-blocking signal emitted by sensor 141 can be fed back to image generating element 120, so that image generating element 120 can display warning text, images, etc. to prompt the driver to turn off head-up display device 100.

[0142] For example, the image generating element 120 and at least one sensor 141 are configured such that light originating from outside the head-up display device 100 and passing through the image generating element 120 (e.g., at least a portion of light source SUL originating from outside the housing 142 and passing through at least a portion of the image generating element 120 (e.g., at least one image generating pixel in the display area)) is incident on at least one sensor 141. For example, by causing at least a portion of the light passing through the image generating element 120 to be incident on at least one sensor 141, the intensity of the light sensed by the sensor 141 can better reflect the intensity of the external light incident on the image generating element 120 (e.g., sunlight or artificial glare), thereby improving the accuracy of the warning and reducing the false alarm rate.

[0143] For example, the orthographic projection of at least one sensor 141 onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120 at least partially overlaps with the image generating element 120 (e.g., the image generating pixels in the display area of ​​the image generating element 120); in this case, light rays originating from outside the head-up display device 100 and passing through the image generating element 120 (e.g., at least a portion of the light rays SUL originating from outside the housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120) can be incident on at least one sensor 141.

[0144] For example, such as Figure 3A As shown, at least one sensor 141 is located on the side of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 close to the image generating element 120, and the light-collecting surface of at least one sensor 141 faces the image generating element 120.

[0145] For example, such as Figure 3A As shown, at least one sensor 141 can be disposed on the same layer as at least one light source 111. For example, both at least one sensor 141 and at least one light source 111 are in contact with the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 (i.e., the surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 near the image generating element 120). For example, as Figure 3A As shown, at least one sensor 141 and at least one light source 111 can both be fixed on the light-emitting driving substrate 112, that is, fixedly connected to the light-emitting driving substrate 112.

[0146] For example, such as Figure 3A As shown, the orthographic projection of at least one sensor 141 onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of at least one light source 111 onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120, thereby preventing at least one sensor 141 from blocking the light emitted by at least one light source 111. In some examples, the distance between the light-collecting surface of at least one sensor 141 and the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 is less than or equal to or slightly greater than the distance between the light-emitting surface of at least one light source 111 and the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112, to prevent at least one sensor 141 from blocking the light emitted by at least one light source 111.

[0147] The inventors of this disclosure also noted in their research that, for Figure 3AThe head-up display device 100 shown may experience changes in the incident angle and position of light originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 (e.g., the incident angle and position relative to the plane containing the second opening 143 of the encapsulation housing 142) when these changes affect the position of the light incident on the image generating element 120. Correspondingly, the position of the light SUL originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 that illuminates the light source substrate may also change. In such cases, if only a single sensor is provided, there may be a problem of missed alarms. The inventors of this disclosure have also noted that a good warning effect can be obtained by providing multiple sensors 141 (i.e., at least one sensor 141 includes multiple sensors 141), for example, reducing the missed alarm rate.

[0148] For example, at least one sensor 141 includes a plurality of sensors 141; at least some (all) of the plurality of sensors 141 have an orthographic projection on the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120 located in the gap between the orthographic projections of adjacent light sources 111 on the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120; in this case, the orthographic projection of at least one sensor 141 on the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of at least one light source 111 on the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120.

[0149] For example, multiple light source arrays are arranged, multiple sensor arrays 141 are arranged, and multiple light sources 111 and multiple sensors 141 are arranged in a mixed manner.

[0150] The following is combined Figures 4B-4D An exemplary illustration is provided of a mixed arrangement of multiple light sources 111 and multiple sensors 141.

[0151] Figure 4B This is a schematic diagram of a first hybrid arrangement of multiple light sources 111 and multiple sensors 141 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 4C This is a schematic diagram of a second hybrid arrangement of multiple light sources 111 and multiple sensors 141 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 4D This is a schematic diagram of a third hybrid arrangement of multiple light sources 111 and multiple sensors 141 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0152] For example, such as Figure 4B The light-emitting driving substrate 112 includes a light-emitting region 112a and a peripheral region 112b surrounding the light-emitting region 112a; as Figure 4B As shown, all of the multiple sensors 141 are located within the light-emitting region 112a, thereby reducing the area occupied by the multiple sensors 141. For example, as Figure 4B As shown, each of the plurality of sensors 141 is located in the gap between adjacent light sources 111 of the plurality of light sources 111. For example, the gap between adjacent light sources 111 can be the gap between adjacent light sources 111 in the row direction or column direction; as another example, the gap between adjacent light sources 111 can be the overlapping area between the regions between two adjacent rows of light sources 111 and the regions between two adjacent columns of light sources 111. In some examples, by arranging each of the plurality of sensors 141 in the gap between adjacent light sources 111 of the plurality of light sources 111, the plurality of sensors 141 can avoid occupying additional space on the light-emitting driving substrate 112, thereby avoiding the potential adverse effects on the display effect of increasing the size of the light source substrate and increasing the spacing between adjacent light sources 111. For example, by arranging each of the plurality of sensors 141 in the gap between adjacent light sources 111 of the plurality of light sources 111, a reflective light guide element ( Figure 6A In the case of [missing information], the efficiency and display effect of the head-up display device can be improved at the same time.

[0153] The inventors of this disclosure also noted in their research that, in some examples, the size of the image generating element 120 (e.g., at least one of length, width, or area) may be larger than the size of the light-emitting region 112a of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 (e.g., at least one of length, width, or area); in this case, for Figure 3A The head-up display 100 shown may have at least a portion of the light SUL emanating from outside the package housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 illuminating the peripheral area 112b of the light-emitting driving substrate 112; if each of the plurality of sensors 141 is located in the light-emitting area 112a of the light source substrate, there may be a risk of missed alarms.

[0154] like Figure 4B and Figure 4C As shown, the first portion of the plurality of sensors 141 is located in the light-emitting area 112a and in the gap between adjacent light sources 111; the second portion of the plurality of sensors 141 is located in the peripheral area 112b. For example, by placing the second portion of the plurality of sensors 141 in the peripheral area 112b, the early warning effect can be improved, for example, the missed alarm rate can be reduced.

[0155] For example, in the case where at least one sensor 141 includes multiple sensors 141, it can be determined, based on predetermined rules and data on the light intensity of each output of the multiple sensors 141, whether there is a risk that the performance of the image generating pixels of the image generating element 120 will be affected by external light entering the head-up display device 100.

[0156] In one example, the predetermined rule could be: in response to a predetermined number of sensors 141 outputting light intensity (i.e., the intensity of light incident on the sensors 141) that is greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold, it is determined that there is a risk that the performance of the image generating pixels of the image generating element 120 is affected by external light entering the head-up display device 100. For example, the predetermined number can be set according to actual application requirements. For example, the predetermined number could be one or half the number of sensors 141.

[0157] In another example, the predetermined rule could be: in response to a predetermined light intensity threshold being greater than or equal to the light intensity data output by a designated sensor 141 among a plurality of sensors 141 (i.e., the intensity of light incident on sensor 141), it is determined that there is a risk that the performance of the image generating pixel of the image generating element 120 is affected by external light entering the head-up display device 100. For example, the designated sensor 141 could be a sensor 141 corresponding to an image generating pixel having a transmittance higher than a first predetermined transmittance. In this case, the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output by the sensor 141 can be improved, thereby improving the accuracy of the light intensity data output by the sensor 141.

[0158] It should be noted that although the various embodiments or examples of this disclosure are exemplified by having at least one sensor 141 located on the side of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 near the image generating element 120, the at least one sensor 141 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure is not limited to being located on the side of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 near the image generating element 120. At least one sensor 141 may also be located on the side of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 away from the image generating element 120.

[0159] The inventors of this disclosure also noted in their research that at least one light source 111 generates heat during the emission of light, causing the temperature on the light-emitting driving substrate 112 to rise. For example, the heat generated by at least one light source 111 during the emission of light may cause the temperature on the light-emitting driving substrate 112 to exceed the temperature threshold that the sensor 141 can withstand, thereby affecting the performance and lifespan of the sensor 141. The inventors of this disclosure also noted in their research that by placing at least one sensor 141 on the side of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 away from the image generating element 120, the adverse effects of the temperature rise of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 and the sensor 141 on the performance and lifespan of the sensor 141 can be mitigated or eliminated.

[0160] The following is combined Figure 5A An example is provided. Figure 5A This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of how the sensor 141 is configured, provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0161] For example, such as Figure 5A and Figure 3A As shown, at least one sensor 141 is located on the side of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 away from the image generating element 120, and the light-collecting surface of at least one sensor 141 faces the light-emitting driving substrate 112; the light-emitting driving substrate 112 has a first opening 1121; the orthographic projection of at least one sensor 141 on the plane where the first surface of the image generating element 120 is located (or on the plane where the surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 is located) at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first opening 1121 on the plane where the first surface of the image generating element 120 is located (or on the plane where the surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 is located).

[0162] It should be noted that, in some examples, the orthographic projection of the opening onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120 refers to the area surrounded by the orthographic projection of the boundary of the opening onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120.

[0163] For example, such as Figure 5A and Figure 3A As shown, by placing at least one sensor 141 on the side of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 away from the image generating element 120, the heat generated by at least one light source 111 on the light-emitting driving substrate 112 during light emission can be mitigated or avoided from being transferred to at least one sensor 141 via thermal conduction through the light-emitting driving substrate 112. This mitigates or eliminates the adverse effects of temperature rise on the light-emitting driving substrate 112 and sensor 141 on the performance and lifespan of sensor 141. For example, the problem of potential overheating of sensor 141 can be avoided. Furthermore, placing at least one sensor 141 on the side of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 away from the image generating element 120 also prevents sensor 141 from blocking the light emitted by at least one light source 111.

[0164] For example, such as Figure 5A and Figure 3A As shown, since the light-emitting driving substrate 112 has a first opening 1121, and the orthographic projection of at least one sensor 141 onto the plane where the surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 is located at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first opening 1121 onto the plane where the surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 is located, at least a portion of the light SUL originating from outside the package housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 can pass through the first opening 1121 and be incident on at least one sensor 141. This can alleviate or avoid the problem of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 blocking the light SUL originating from outside the package housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120.

[0165] It should be noted that, although Figure 5AThe first opening 1121 shown is a hole (e.g., a light-transmitting hole), but at least one embodiment of this disclosure is not limited thereto. In some examples, the first opening 1121 may also have a light-transmitting structure made of a material that allows light of a predetermined wavelength to pass through. For example, other openings in this disclosure have the same or similar definitions, and will not be described further.

[0166] The inventors of this disclosure also noted in their research that, for including Figure 5A In the head-up display device 100 with the structure shown, if the spectrum of the light incident on at least one sensor 141 does not perfectly match the operating wavelength of the sensor 141, the light outside the operating wavelength of the sensor 141 may cause the temperature of the sensor 141 to rise, which may adversely affect the performance and lifespan of the sensor 141.

[0167] The inventors of this disclosure also noted in their research that by providing a filter 191 for the sensor, the problem of temperature rise of the sensor 141 can be further mitigated or avoided, as well as the problem that temperature rise of the sensor 141 may adversely affect the performance and lifespan of the sensor 141.

[0168] The following is combined Figure 5B and Figure 5C An example is provided. Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the arrangement of a filter 191 for a sensor provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 5C This is a schematic diagram illustrating another example of the arrangement of the filter 191 for a sensor provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure; compared to Figure 5A The example shown (part of the head-up display device 100) Figure 5B and Figure 5C The example shown (part of the head-up display device 100) also includes a filter 191 for the sensor.

[0169] like Figure 5B As shown, the filter 191 for the sensor is located at the first opening 1121 of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 (e.g., in the first opening 1121); as Figure 5C As shown, the orthographic projection of the filter 191 for the sensor onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120 at least partially (e.g., completely) covers the orthographic projection of the light-collecting surface of the sensor 141 onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120. For example, the filter 191 for the sensor covers the surface of the sensor 141.

[0170] For example, the filter 191 for the sensor is configured to filter out at least a portion (e.g., all) of the wavelengths of light located outside the operating wavelength of the sensor 141. In this case, by providing the filter 191 for the sensor, the intensity of the light incident on the sensor 141 can be reduced, thereby mitigating or avoiding the problem of temperature rise in the sensor 141, and the potential adverse effects of temperature rise on the performance and lifespan of the sensor 141. Furthermore, by providing the filter 191 for the sensor, the accuracy of the output signal of the sensor 141 can also be improved.

[0171] It should be noted that, although Figures 5A-5C Only one first opening 1121 is shown, but at least one embodiment of this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, when at least one sensor 141 includes multiple sensors 141, the light-emitting driving substrate 112 may include multiple first openings 1121. For example, the multiple first openings 1121 correspond one-to-one with the multiple sensors 141. For example, the specific correspondence between the multiple first openings 1121 and the multiple sensors 141 can be found in [reference needed]. Figures 5A-5C This will not be elaborated upon here.

[0172] The inventors of this disclosure also noted in their research that, for Figure 3A The head-up display device 100 shown has a wide range of positions where light from outside the housing 142 is incident on the image generating element 120; correspondingly, the range of positions where light SUL from outside the housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 is incident on the image generating element 120 is also wide. In this case, in order to obtain a good warning effect (e.g., to avoid missed alarms), more sensors 141 need to be set, which may increase at least one of the weight, cost, and computational load of the head-up display device 100.

[0173] For example, the head-up display device 100 also includes a reflective light guide element 150; the reflective light guide element 150 is configured to converge at least a portion of light originating from outside the package housing and passing through the image generating element toward a center line 151 of the reflective light guide element 150 by reflection. For example, the center line 151 of the reflective light guide element 150 refers to a virtual line connecting the center of the reflective light guide element 150 near the light-emitting driving substrate and the center of the reflective light guide element 150 near the image generating element. It should be noted that "converging light toward the center line 151 of the reflective light guide element 150 by reflection" means that the light just reflected by the reflective light guide element 150 is transmitted toward the center of the center line 151 of the reflective light guide element 150, without requiring that the final intersection of the light with the plane containing the light-collecting surface of the sensor is located on the center line of the reflective light guide element 150. For example, the final intersection of the light with the plane containing the light-collecting surface of the sensor is located at the third opening b0 of the reflective light guide element 150 (see...). Figure 7A The boundary of the light source is within the area surrounded by the orthogonal projection of the light source on the plane where the light-collecting surface of the sensor is located; for example, in the case where it is not reflected by the reflective light guide element 150 (in the case where the reflective light guide element 150 is not provided for reflection), the intersection of the light source and the plane where the light-collecting surface of the sensor is located is outside the area surrounded by the orthogonal projection of the boundary of the third opening b0 of the reflective light guide element 150 on the plane where the light-collecting surface of the sensor is located.

[0174] For example, the reflective light guide element 150 can reduce the area of ​​the cross-section of a light beam originating from outside the package housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120. For example, the cross-section of the light beam originating from outside the package housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 refers to the cross-section obtained by cutting the light beam passing through the image generating element 120 with a plane parallel to the image generating element 120. For example, by providing the reflective light guide element 150 to reduce the area of ​​the cross-section of the light beam originating from outside the package housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120, the area of ​​the light-emitting driving substrate 112 illuminated by the light beam originating from outside the package housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 can be reduced; in this case, the number of sensors 141 can be reduced while achieving a better early warning effect (e.g., without increasing the number of missed alarms).

[0175] Figure 6A This is a schematic diagram of a portion of a head-up display device 100 including a reflective light guide element 150, provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 6B yes Figure 6A A schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of the reflective light guide element 150 onto the image generating element 120.

[0176] The following is combined Figure 6A The reflective light guide element 150 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is described by way of example.

[0177] For example, such as Figure 6A As shown, the reflective light guide element 150 and the image generating element 120 are stacked in a direction that intersects (e.g., is perpendicular) with the first surface 120a of the image generating element, and the reflective light guide element 150 is located on the side of the image generating element 120 closer to the light source.

[0178] For example, such as Figure 6B As shown, the orthographic projection of the reflective light guide element 150 onto the first surface of the image generating element 120 at least partially overlaps with the image generating element 120.

[0179] For example, such as Figure 6A As shown, the reflective light guide element 150 is a hollow housing; the hollow housing has a third opening b0 and a fourth opening b1 opposite to each other; light SUL originating from the outside of the encapsulation housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 enters the hollow housing through the fourth opening b1 and can be reflected by a reflective layer on the inner surface of the hollow housing onto at least one sensor. For example, light SUL originating from the outside of the encapsulation housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 is partially or entirely reflected by the reflective layer on the inner surface of the hollow housing.

[0180] In one example, such as Figure 6B As shown, the orthographic projection of the reflective light guide element 150 onto the first surface of the image generating element 120 is the area surrounded by the orthographic projection b0' of the boundary of the third opening b0 of the reflective light guide element 150 onto the first surface of the image generating element 120 and the orthographic projection b1' of the boundary of the fourth opening b1 of the reflective light guide element 150 onto the first surface of the image generating element 120.

[0181] In one example, at least one sensor 141 is located outside the area enclosed by the housing 142. Light SUL originating from the outside of the housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 can be reflected by a reflective layer on the inner surface of the hollow housing to the third opening b0 and exit the hollow housing from the third opening b0.

[0182] In another example, at least one sensor 141 is located in the area surrounded by the package housing 142, and light rays SUL originating from outside the package housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 can be directly reflected by a reflective layer on the inner surface of the hollow housing to at least one sensor located in the package housing 142.

[0183] For example, when the reflective light guide element 150 is a hollow shell, the center line of the reflective light guide element 150 refers to the virtual connection between the center of the third opening b0 and the center of the fourth opening b1.

[0184] For example, such as Figure 6AAs shown, the light-emitting driving substrate 112 is disposed at the third opening b0, and at least one sensor 141 and at least one light source 111 are disposed in the hollow housing; the orthographic projection of the boundary of the third opening b0 onto the plane containing the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 (or the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120) surrounds the first region REG_1 of the first surface (see...). Figure 7E and Figure 7G At least one sensor 141 has its orthographic projection onto the plane of the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 (or the plane of the first surface of the image generating element 120) located in the first region REG_1.

[0185] For example, such as Figure 6A As shown, without the reflective light guide element 150, a portion of the light rays SUL originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 (e.g., light rays SUL_3 and SUL_4) can be incident on the area outside the region surrounded by the orthogonal projection of the third opening b0 of the hollow housing onto the light-emitting driving substrate 112. Correspondingly, to obtain a good warning effect, it is also necessary to place a sensor (e.g., a sensor shown using dashed lines) in the region outside the region surrounded by the orthogonal projection of the third opening b0 of the hollow housing onto the light-emitting driving substrate 112.

[0186] For example, such as Figure 6A As shown, with the reflective light guide element 150 provided, the hollow housing can direct light originating from outside the encapsulation housing and passing through the image generating element toward the center line 151 of the reflective light guide element 150 (see...). Figure 7A In this case, the hollow housing can concentrate the illumination position of a portion of the light rays (e.g., light rays SUL_3 and SUL_4) originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 onto the light-emitting driving substrate 112 by the orthogonal projection of the third opening b0 of the hollow housing onto the light-emitting driving substrate 112; in this case, the area outside the area surrounded by the orthogonal projection of the third opening b0 of the hollow housing onto the light-emitting driving substrate 112 may not be equipped with a sensor.

[0187] Figure 6C An exemplary schematic diagram is shown of an area of ​​a light-emitting driving substrate 112 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure that is illuminated by a light beam originating from outside the package housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120. (See diagram for reference.) Figure 6CAs shown, without the reflective light guide element 150, the area of ​​the light-emitting driving substrate 112 illuminated by light beams originating from outside the package housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 (e.g., a beam including light rays SUL_3 and SUL_4, and all light rays between SUL_3 and SUL_4) is region 112c; because the reflective light guide element 150 can reflect light rays originating from outside the package housing and passing through the image generating element (e.g., light rays farther from the center line 151 of the reflective light guide element 150) toward the center line 151 of the reflective light guide element 150 (see... Figure 7A The light beam originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 is concentrated, and the area of ​​the cross section of the light beam is reduced. Therefore, when the reflective light guide element 150 is provided, the area of ​​the light-emitting driving substrate 112 illuminated by the light beam originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 is smaller in size (e.g., area) than in size (e.g., area) of region 112d. Correspondingly, the sensor 141 can be provided only in region 112d, without having to be provided in region 112c, which is located outside region 112d. This reduces the number of sensors 141 provided while achieving a better early warning effect (e.g., without increasing the number of missed alarms).

[0188] For example, Figure 6C The region 112d shown represents all possible locations on the light-emitting drive substrate 112 that are illuminated by light rays SUL originating from outside the package housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 (in the case of a reflective light guide element 150). When the area of ​​the cross-section of the light ray SUL (beam) originating from outside the package housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 is small, the light ray SUL originating from outside the package housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 may only illuminate a portion of the sub-regions in region 112d (e.g., sub-region RE_1 or sub-region RE_2). The following is in conjunction with... Figure 7A and Figure 7B Provide examples.

[0189] Figure 7A This illustration shows another exemplary schematic diagram of an area of ​​the light-emitting driving substrate 112 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure that is illuminated by a light beam originating from outside the package housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120. Figure 7B It shows Figure 7A A planar schematic diagram of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 shown.

[0190] For example, such as Figure 7A and Figure 7BAs shown, the area of ​​the light-emitting driving substrate 112 illuminated by light SUL5 originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 is sub-region RE_1; the area of ​​the light-emitting driving substrate 112 illuminated by light SUL6 originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 is sub-region RE_2.

[0191] Figure 7C This is a first perspective view of the reflective light guide element 150 and sensor 141 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 7D yes Figure 7C A top view of the reflective light guide element 150 and sensor 141 shown. For example, as Figure 7C and Figure 7D As shown, the reflective light guide element 150 can be a hollow shell in the shape of a rectangular pyramid, and the cross-section of the reflective light guide element 150 gradually increases from one end (third opening b0) to the other end (fourth opening b1).

[0192] It should be noted that the reflective light guide element 150 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure is not limited to being implemented as a hollow shell in the shape of a rectangular pyramid. Depending on the actual application requirements, the reflective light guide element 150 can be implemented as a triangular pyramid shape, a square pyramid shape, or a parabolic shape.

[0193] For example, such as Figure 7C and Figure 7D As shown, the light-emitting driving substrate 112 is disposed at the third opening b0, and at least one sensor 141 and at least one light source 111 are disposed in the hollow housing. It should be noted that the at least one sensor 141 and at least one light source 111 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure are not limited to being disposed in the hollow housing. Depending on the actual application requirements, the at least one sensor 141 and at least one light source 111 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure can also be disposed on the side of the reflective light guide element 150 away from the image generating element 120. In this case, the reflective light guide element 150 is disposed between the at least one sensor 141 and the image generating element 120.

[0194] For example, such as Figure 7C and Figure 7D As shown, the head-up display device 100 includes only one sensor 141; for example, the center of sensor 141 coincides with the center of the third opening b0 to improve the warning effect.

[0195] It should be noted that the center of the sensor 141 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure is not limited to coinciding with the center of the third opening b0. In the case where the reflective light guide element 150 is also configured to concentrate the large-angle light emitted by at least one light source 111 (that is, the angle with the main transmission axis of the light emitted by at least one light source 111 is large) by reflecting, in order to better improve the efficiency of the head-up display device, the center of the third opening b0 can also coincide with the center of the light source, and the center of the sensor 141 can be close to the center of the third opening b0.

[0196] Figure 7E This is a first schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of the reflective light guide element 150, the light source 111, and the sensor 141 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure onto the plane containing the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 (or the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120). For example, as Figure 7E As shown, the first face includes a first region REG_1 and a second region REG_2.

[0197] For example, such as Figure 7E As shown, the orthographic projection of the boundary of the third opening b0 onto the plane of the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 (or the plane of the first surface of the image generating element 120) surrounds the first region REG_1 of the first surface; the orthographic projection of at least one sensor 141 onto the plane of the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 (or the plane of the first surface of the image generating element 120) is located in the first region REG_1.

[0198] For example, such as Figure 7E As shown, the orthographic projection of the boundary of the fourth opening b1 onto the plane containing the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 (or the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120) surrounds the second region REG_2 of the first surface; the second region REG_2 and the first region REG_1 at least partially overlap. For example, the second region REG_2 completely surrounds the first region REG_1.

[0199] For example, such as Figure 7E As shown, the orthographic projection of the boundary of the third opening b0 onto the plane containing the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 (or the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120) coincides with (for example, completely coincides with) the boundary of the first region REG_1 of the first surface. For example, as Figure 7E As shown, the orthographic projection of the boundary of the fourth opening b1 onto the plane of the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 (or the plane of the first surface of the image generating element 120) coincides with (for example, completely coincides with) the boundary of the second region REG_2 of the first surface.

[0200] For example, the shapes of the first region REG_1 and the second region REG_2 are both rectangular, but at least one embodiment of this disclosure is not limited to this. For example, the shapes of the first region REG_1 and the second region REG_2 can also be selected from squares, trapezoids, or parallelograms. As another example, when the side surface of the reflective light guide element 150 is a parabolic surface, the shapes of the first region REG_1 and the second region REG_2 are both circular. It should be noted that the shapes of the first region REG_1 and the second region REG_2 can be the same or different.

[0201] For example, such as Figure 7E As shown, the orthographic projection of at least one light source 111 onto the plane containing the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 (or the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120) is located in the first region REG_1. In this case, the reflective light guide element 150 can reduce the divergence angle of the light emitted by at least one light source 111. For example, large-angle light rays emitted by at least one light source 111 (i.e., those with a large angle relative to the principal transmission axis of the light rays emitted by at least one light source 111) are reflected and focused by the reflective light guide element 150, thereby improving the utilization rate of the light emitted by at least one light source 111. For clarity, the description of how the reflective light guide element 150 reduces the divergence angle of the light emitted by at least one light source 111 will be provided in the following section. Figure 18 The examples shown illustrate this in detail, and will not be repeated here.

[0202] For example, such as Figure 7E As shown, multiple light sources 111 are arranged in a light source array, and a sensor 141 can be placed in the gap between adjacent light sources 111. For example, the sensor 141 can be placed at the center of the light source array; in this case, the efficiency and display effect of the head-up display device can be improved simultaneously.

[0203] Figure 7F This is a second perspective view of the reflective light guide element 150 and sensor 141 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 7G This is a second schematic diagram showing the orthographic projection of the reflective light guide element 150, the light source 111, and the sensor 141 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure onto the plane containing the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 (or the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element 120). For example, as Figure 7F and Figure 7G As shown, at least one sensor 141 includes a plurality of sensors 141, each of which can be disposed in the gap between adjacent light sources 111 among a plurality of light sources 111.

[0204] The inventors of this disclosure also noted in their research that, for Figure 3AThe head-up display device 100 shown may experience changes in the incident angle or incident position of light originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 when these changes affect the position of the light incident on the image generating element 120. Correspondingly, the position of the light source SUL originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 that illuminates the light-emitting driving substrate 112 may also change. To achieve a good early warning effect (e.g., to avoid missed alarms), a larger number of sensors 141 are required, which may increase at least one of the following: weight, cost, and computational load of the head-up display device 100.

[0205] Figure 8A This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, compared to Figure 3A The head-up display device 100 shown is... Figure 8A The head-up display device 100 shown also includes a diffuser element 192; the diffuser element 192 is located between the image generating element 120 and at least one sensor 141, and is configured to diffuse light SUL_1 originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120, thereby increasing the area of ​​the light-emitting driving substrate 112 illuminated by the light SUL_1 originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120; for example, by providing the diffuser element 192, the light SUL_1 originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 can illuminate the unilluminated area of ​​the light-emitting driving substrate 112 (in the case where the diffuser element 192 is not provided), in which case the number of sensors 141 can be reduced, and a better warning effect can be achieved using a smaller number of sensors 141. The following is in conjunction with... Figure 8B and Figure 8C An example is provided.

[0206] Figure 8B This is a schematic diagram of the sensor 141 arrangement of a head-up display device 100 including a diffusion element 192 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 8C This is a schematic diagram of the sensor 141 arrangement of a head-up display device 100 excluding the diffuser element 192, provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0207] For example, such as Figure 8B and Figure 8CAs shown, when the head-up display device 100 does not include the diffuser element 192, the light ray SUL_1 (light at a certain moment) originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 illuminates the area SUL_a of the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112; when the head-up display device 100 includes the diffuser element 192, the light ray SUL_1 (light at a certain moment) originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 illuminates the area SUL_b of the first surface of the light-emitting driving substrate 112; the area of ​​area SUL_b is larger than the area of ​​area SUL_a; therefore, by providing the diffuser element 192, the spacing between adjacent sensors 141 can be increased while achieving a better warning effect (e.g., without increasing the number of missed alarms), thereby reducing the number of sensors 141 required. For example, as... Figure 8B As shown, the head-up display device 100 does not include the diffuser element 192 and employs... Figure 8B In the arrangement of the sensors 141 shown (i.e., with a large spacing between adjacent sensors 141), sunlight with certain transmission characteristics (e.g., transmission angle) will shine into the gap between adjacent sensors 141, which may lead to missed alarms. Since the diffuser element 192 can diffuse the area of ​​light originating from outside the package housing 142, passing through the image generating element 120, and simultaneously illuminating the light-emitting driving substrate 112, the spacing between adjacent sensors 141 can be increased while achieving a better warning effect.

[0208] It should be noted that, Figure 8B , Figure 8C The sensor arrangements shown in the accompanying drawings are merely examples. Those skilled in the art can adopt suitable arrangements based on the sensor arrangements shown in the embodiments of this disclosure, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0209] The following is combined Figure 9 and Figure 10 The diffusion element 192 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is described by way of example. Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the diffusion element 192 in a head-up display device 100 provided for at least one embodiment of the present disclosure diffusing light with the same transmission direction; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the diffusion element 192 in a head-up display device 100 provided for at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, for the diffusion of light having multiple transmission directions.

[0210] For example, such as Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the diffuser element 192 is configured to diffuse the light ray SUL_1 incident on the diffuser element 192 (i.e., the light ray SUL_1 originating from outside the package housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120) to form a light beam SUL_2 with a predetermined cross-sectional shape. The cross-sectional shape of the light beam can be, but is not limited to, linear, circular, elliptical, square, or rectangular. For example, the cross-sectional shape of the light beam refers to the cross-section obtained by cutting the light ray leaving the diffuser element 192 with a plane parallel to the diffuser element 192; that is, the cross-section of the light beam is parallel to the diffuser element 192. Another example is that the cross-sectional shape of the light beam refers to the cross-section obtained by cutting the light ray leaving the diffuser element 192 with a plane perpendicular to the center line or main transmission axis of the light beam (i.e., Figure 9 The cross-section obtained by cutting the light beam away from the diffuser element 192 with the plane shown by the dashed line is that the cross-section of the beam is perpendicular to the center line of the beam. For example, as shown by the dashed line. Figure 9 As shown, the main transmission axis of the beam diffused by the diffuser element 192 is the same as the transmission direction of the beam before diffusion.

[0211] For example, the larger the diffusion angle of the diffusion element 192 (that is, the larger the distribution angle of the diffused light beam), the larger the area of ​​the light-emitting driving substrate 112 illuminated by the light beam diffused by the diffusion element 192; however, the smaller the brightness (e.g., the intensity per unit area) of the light beam diffused by the diffusion element 192.

[0212] For example, the diffusion element 192 has a plate-like appearance. For example, the diffusion element 192 includes at least one of a diffractive optical element and a scattering optical element.

[0213] For example, the diffuser element 192 can be a low-cost scattering optical element, such as a homogenizer or diffuser. When a light beam passes through a scattering optical element such as a homogenizer, scattering and a small amount of diffraction will occur, but scattering plays a major role, and the light beam will form a large spot after passing through the scattering optical element.

[0214] For example, the diffusion element 192 can also be a diffractive optical element (DOE) with more precise control over the diffusion effect, such as a beam shaper. For instance, diffractive optical elements, by designing microstructures on their surfaces, diffuse light beams through diffraction, resulting in a smaller beam with controllable size and shape. After passing through the beam shaper, the light diffuses and forms a beam with a predetermined cross-sectional shape, including but not limited to linear, circular, elliptical, square, or rectangular shapes. For example, by controlling the microstructure of the diffractive optical element, the diffusion angle and cross-sectional shape of the light can be precisely controlled, achieving precise control over the diffusion effect.

[0215] Furthermore, since at least one light source 111 and at least one sensor 141 are both disposed on the light-emitting driving substrate 112, by providing a diffusion element 192 between the image generating element 120 and at least one sensor 141, the diffusion element 192 can also be configured to make the light emitted by at least one light source 111 more uniform, thereby making the image light IML output by the image generating element 120 more uniform, and thus improving the display effect of the head-up display device 100. For example, the diffusion element 192 can uniformly diffuse the light emitted by at least one light source 111 so that the image light IML emitted by the image generating element 120 is a uniform surface light source 111.

[0216] In some examples (e.g., Figure 18 (As shown in the example), the head-up display device 100 can simultaneously provide a reflective light guide element 150 and a diffuser element 192. For example, the diffuser element 192 is located between the image generating element 120 and the reflective light guide element 150; in this case, the diffuser element 192 and the reflective light guide element 150 are jointly configured to illuminate a larger area within the first region REG_1 of the light-emitting driving substrate 112 at a specific moment, where the light SUL originating from outside the package housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120 is irradiated (compared to the example where the reflective light guide element 150 is provided but the diffuser element 192 is not provided), thereby further reducing the number of sensors 141 provided; for example, by having the head-up display device 100 simultaneously provide the reflective light guide element 150 and the diffuser element 192, not only is it unnecessary to provide sensors 141 in the area of ​​the second region REG_2 located outside the first region REG_1, but the spacing between adjacent sensors 141 provided in the first region REG_1 can also be increased.

[0217] For example, the head-up display device 100 also includes a light-shielding element. The controller is also configured to drive the light-shielding element to switch from a first state to a second state in response to a predetermined light intensity threshold being greater than or equal to the intensity of light originating from outside the housing 142, passing through the image generating element 120, and incident on at least one sensor 141; in the first state, the light-shielding element allows light originating from outside the housing 142 to be incident on the image generating element 120; in the second state, the light-shielding element prevents light originating from outside the housing 142 from being incident on the image generating element 120.

[0218] For example, by including a light-shielding element in the head-up display device 100, an automatic light-shielding function of the head-up display device 100 can be achieved. The following is in conjunction with... Figures 11-13A An example is provided.

[0219] Figure 11 The diagram illustrates a first state of a first example (shielding element 181) of a light-shielding element provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the second state of a first example (shielding element 181) of a light-shielding element provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0220] In the first example, such as Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the light-shielding element may include a light-shielding element 181, and the light-shielding element may include a light-shielding plate 181a. The light-shielding plate 181a may be disposed near the second opening 143 of the encapsulation housing 142 (that is, the light-emitting port of the head-up display device 100).

[0221] For example, when the intensity of light originating from outside the packaging housing 142, passing through the image generating element 120, and incident on at least one sensor 141 is less than a predetermined light intensity threshold, the light-shielding element is in a first state. For example, as Figure 11 As shown, in the first state, the orthographic projection of the light-shielding element onto the plane containing the second opening 143 does not overlap with the second opening 143 at least partially (e.g., not overlap at all), thereby allowing light originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 to be incident on the image generating element 120 in the first state.

[0222] For example, if the intensity of light originating from outside the packaging housing 142, passing through the image generating element 120, and incident on at least one sensor 141 is greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold, the controller is further configured to drive the light-shielding element to switch from a first state to a second state in response to the intensity of light originating from outside the packaging housing 142, passing through the image generating element 120, and incident on at least one sensor 141 being greater than or equal to the predetermined light intensity threshold. For example, as Figure 12 As shown, in the second state, the orthographic projection of the light-shielding element onto the plane containing the second opening 143 at least partially overlaps (e.g., completely overlaps) the second opening 143, thereby preventing light originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 from entering the image generating element 120 in the first state.

[0223] For example, after receiving a light-shielding signal, the light-shielding plate 181a can move along... Figure 11 The direction D1 shown is slid to cover (e.g., completely cover) the second opening 143 of the encapsulation housing 142. In some examples, after receiving a light-shielding signal, the light-shielding plate 181a can also cover (e.g., completely cover) the second opening 143 of the encapsulation housing 142 by flipping.

[0224] It should be noted that the light-shielding element 181 is not limited to being set at the light outlet (i.e., the second opening 143) of the head-up display device 100, but can also be set near the curved reflector, the flat reflector, or the image generating element 120. After receiving the light-shielding signal, it can cover the light outlet, the curved reflector, the flat reflector, or the image generating element 120 by translating or flipping, so that the light-shielding plate 181a can block sunlight from propagating to the image generating element 120.

[0225] For example, in addition to the light-shielding plate 181a, the light-shielding element 181 also includes a transmission gear (not shown in the figure) and a power unit (not shown in the figure); the output shaft of the power unit is fixedly connected to the center of the transmission gear. The light-shielding plate 181a includes a light-shielding arm and a transmission arm. The outer end of the transmission arm is provided with a transmission rack, which can be connected to the transmission gear for transmission. When the transmission gear rotates, it can drive the rack to translate. When a light-shielding signal is received, the power unit drives the transmission gear to rotate, and the transmission gear drives the transmission arm on the light-shielding plate 181a to move. Then, the light-shielding arm moves to the surface of the light outlet, the image generating element 120, or the reflective element 130 to block sunlight.

[0226] Figure 13A This is a schematic diagram of a second example (flip-out light-shielding element 182) of a light-shielding element provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0227] In the second example, such as Figure 13A As shown, the light-shielding element may include a flip-up light-shielding element 182. For example, as... Figure 13A As shown, the flip-up light-blocking element 182 may include: a base plate 182a with a rotating shaft 182b, a transmission gear, and a power unit. The base plate 182a is fixed to the back of the curved reflector. The output shaft of the power unit is fixedly connected to the center of the transmission gear. One end of the rotating shaft is equipped with a gear and is connected to the transmission gear. When the transmission gear rotates, it can drive the rotating shaft to rotate. When a light-blocking signal is received, the base plate 182a rotates along the rotating shaft, driving the image generating element 120 or the reflective element 130 to rotate, so as to redirect sunlight to a direction that cannot illuminate the image generating element 120. In some examples, the base plate 182a may also be fixed to the side of the curved reflector or to the back or side of the image generating element 120 and the plane reflector.

[0228] In some examples, the light-shielding element provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure may also include both a light-shielding element 181 and a flip-up light-shielding element 182.

[0229] For example, the head-up display device 100 includes a feedback unit. The controller is also configured to switch the light-shielding element from a second state to a first state in response to a recovery command output by the feedback unit. This allows light from outside the housing 142 incident on the image generating element 120 and the image light IML output by the image generating element 120 to exit through the second opening 143 when external light cannot damage the image generating element 120; that is, the head-up display device 100 displays an image. For example, by including a feedback unit in the head-up display device 100, the head-up display device 100 can be automatically turned on when external light cannot damage the image generating element 120, thereby improving the user experience. For example, if the feedback unit does not output a recovery command, the controller is also configured to maintain the light-shielding element in its current state (e.g., the second state).

[0230] In the first example, the feedback unit is configured to output a recovery command in response to a mismatch between the orientation of the second opening 143 of the enclosure 142 and the current position of the sun. For example, a mismatch between the orientation of the second opening 143 of the enclosure 142 and the current position of the sun could include situations where the orientation of the second opening 143 and the current position of the sun together prevent sunlight from incident on the reflective element 130, or situations where the orientation of the second opening 143 and the current position of the sun together prevent sunlight incident on the reflective element 130 from being reflected onto the image generating element 120.

[0231] For example, in the first example above, such as Figure 13B As shown, the head-up display device 100 also includes a locator and an angular motion detector. The locator is used to obtain the latitude and longitude of the current geographical location of the head-up display device 100; the angular motion detector is used to collect the current angular motion parameters of the head-up display device 100; the feedback unit is also configured to determine whether the orientation of the second opening 143 of the encapsulation housing 142 matches the position of the sun based on the latitude and longitude of the current geographical location of the head-up display device 100 and the current position of the sun. For example, the angular motion parameters of the head-up display device 100 include the pitch angle, roll angle, and yaw angle of the head-up display device 100. For example, the specific implementation of the locator and the angular motion detector can be set according to the actual application requirements. For example, the angular motion detector may include an inertial measurement unit; the locator includes a GPS (Global Positioning System) based chip.

[0232] For example, in the first example, the feedback unit includes a processor and a memory that can store executable instructions. When executed by the processor, these executable instructions can perform corresponding functions (e.g., determining whether the orientation of the second opening 143 of the housing 142 matches the position of the sun based on the latitude and longitude of the current geographical location of the head-up display device 100 and the current position of the sun). For example, the processor and memory included in the feedback unit can reuse the processor and memory included in the controller, which will not be elaborated here.

[0233] In the second example, the feedback device is configured to output a recovery command if the duration of time the light-shielding element is in the second state exceeds a predetermined time length threshold. Correspondingly, the controller causes the light-shielding element to transition from the second state to the first state; if the intensity of light originating from outside the packaging housing 142, passing through the image generating element 120, and incident on at least one sensor 141 is still greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold, the controller again drives the light-shielding element to transition from the first state to the second state until the intensity of light originating from outside the packaging housing 142, passing through the image generating element 120, and incident on at least one sensor 141 is less than the predetermined light intensity threshold. For example, the predetermined time length threshold can be 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds, or other applicable values.

[0234] For example, in the second example, the feedback unit includes a processor and a memory, on which executable instructions can be stored. When executed by the processor, these executable instructions can perform corresponding functions (e.g., determining whether the duration of time the light-shielding element is in the second state is greater than a predetermined time length threshold). For example, the processor and memory included in the feedback unit can reuse the processor and memory included in the controller, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0235] In the third example, the head-up display device 100 also includes a sensor 145 for feedback, the feedback unit being configured to respond to an output recovery command in response to the light intensity data output by the sensor 145 when the light-shielding element is in the second state being less than a second light intensity threshold. (The following is in conjunction with...) Figure 14 and Figure 15 An example is provided.

[0236] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. (See diagram below.) Figure 14 As shown, the head-up display device 100 includes a light-shielding element 181 and a feedback sensor 145. The feedback sensor 145 is located on the side of the light-shielding element 181 away from the reflective element 130, and the feedback sensor 145 faces away from the reflective element 130. Figure 14The head-up display device 100 shown has a feedback unit configured to receive light intensity data output by a sensor 145 for feedback when the light-shielding element 181 covers the light outlet, and to output a recovery command when the light intensity data is less than a second light intensity threshold.

[0237] For an example where the light-shielding element 181 is located between the curved mirror and the image generating device, a sensor 145 for feedback can be provided on the side of the light-shielding element 181 closer to the curved mirror. For example, for an example where the light-shielding element 181 is located between the curved mirror and the plane mirror, the feedback device can be located around or behind the curved mirror, but not around or behind the plane mirror.

[0238] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a second state of another head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. (See diagram below.) Figure 15 As shown, the head-up display device 100 includes a flip-up light-shielding element 182 and a feedback sensor 145 located on the side of the reflective element 130 where no reflective surface is provided. For example, the feedback sensor 145 is located behind the reflective element 130.

[0239] For example, for Figure 15 The head-up display device 100 shown has a feedback unit configured to receive light intensity data output by a sensor 145 for feedback when the flip-up light-shielding element 182 is in the second state (i.e., after the flip-up light-shielding element 182 causes the reflective element 130 to turn), and output a recovery command when the light intensity data is less than a second light intensity threshold, so that the flip-up light-shielding element 182 changes from the second state to the second state, so as to turn the reflective element 130 back to its original position.

[0240] For example, in the third example, the feedback device includes a processor and a memory, on which executable instructions can be stored. When executed by the processor, these executable instructions can perform a corresponding function (e.g., determining whether the light intensity data output by the sensor 145 for feedback when the light-shielding element is in the second state is less than a second light intensity threshold).

[0241] The inventors of this disclosure also noted in their research that although the risk of damage to the image generating element 120 from light (e.g., sunlight) originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 can be reduced by issuing an alarm in response to an intensity greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold for light originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142, passing through the image generating element 120 and incident on at least one sensor 141, the light originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 may have already been focused near the image generating element 120 at the same time the head-up display device 100 issues an alarm; in this case, the light originating from outside the encapsulation housing 142 may have already adversely affected the image generating element 120, for example, damaged the image generating element 120, before the head-up display device 100 is turned off or the light is blocked by a light-blocking element.

[0242] The inventors of this disclosure also noted that by including a light filter element 193 in the light propagation path from the second opening 143 of the housing 142 to the image generating element 120 in the head-up display device 100, and by using the light filter element 193 to reduce the intensity of light SUL originating from outside the housing 142 and passing through the image generating element 120, the reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure can be improved. For example, by including the light filter element 193 in the head-up display device 100, the warning accuracy and reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure can be improved simultaneously.

[0243] The following is combined Figure 16 and Figure 17 An exemplary description is provided for at least one embodiment of the filter element 193 provided in this disclosure. Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of a first example of a filter element 193 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of a second example of a filter element 193 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0244] In some examples, the filter element 193 is a reflective filter element 193a and is located on the light-reflecting surface of the reflective element 130. For example, as Figure 16 As shown, when the filter element 193 includes only a curved mirror, the reflective filter element 193a is disposed on the light-reflecting surface of the curved mirror. For example, when the filter element 193 includes a curved mirror and a flat mirror, the reflective filter element 193a is disposed on at least one of the light-reflecting surface of the curved mirror and the flat mirror.

[0245] In other examples, the filter element 193 is a reflective filter element 193a, and the reflective filter element 193a is integrated with a reflective element (e.g., a curved or flat mirror of the reflective element). For example, the reflective filter element 193a can simultaneously perform the reflective functions of the filter element 193 and the curved mirror. As another example, the reflective element is also configured to perform the functions of the filter element 193.

[0246] In some other examples, the filter element 193 is implemented as a transmissive filter element 193b and is located in the optical path from the image generating element 120 to the second opening 143. For example, the transmissive filter element 193b may be disposed on the side of the image generating element 120 closer to the reflecting element 130 (e.g., the curved mirror of the reflecting element 130). As another example, such as... Figure 17 As shown, the transmissive filter element 193b can be positioned near the second opening 143, thereby minimizing the adverse effects of light reflected or absorbed by the transmissive filter element 193b on the display effect. For example, as... Figure 17 As shown, the transmissive filter element 193b can be disposed on the side of the plane containing the second opening 143 (the surface of the encapsulation housing 142 including the second opening 143) closer to the reflective element 130, but at least one embodiment of this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the transmissive filter element 193b can be disposed in the second opening 143 or on the side of the encapsulation housing 142 including the second opening 143 away from the reflective element 130.

[0247] In one example, the filter element 193 is configured such that a first proportion of the light originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 is incident on the image generating element 120, and the spectral distribution of the light originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 is substantially the same (e.g., completely identical) as the spectral distribution of the first proportion of light incident on the image generating element 120. For example, since the first proportion is greater than zero and less than one, the intensity of the light originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the image generating element 120 can be reduced, thereby improving the warning accuracy and reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided by at least one embodiment of this disclosure. For example, "the two spectral distributions are substantially the same" means that the center wavelengths of the corresponding peaks of the two spectra are substantially the same and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the corresponding peaks of the two spectra are substantially the same.

[0248] In one example above, the filter element 193 does not have wavelength selectivity for light in a specific band. That is, the filter element 193 has substantially the same or similar reflectivity or transmittance for light of different wavelengths, thereby making the spectral distribution of light originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 substantially the same as the spectral distribution of light incident on the first proportion of light on the image generating element 120. For example, the filter element 193 does not have wavelength selectivity for reflectivity or transmittance in the near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet bands.

[0249] For example, in one of the above examples, when the filter element 193 is implemented as a transmissive filter element 193b, the transmittance of the transmissive filter element 193b to incident light can be T1 (e.g., the first ratio mentioned above), and correspondingly, the reflectance or absorptance of the transmissive filter element 193b to incident light can be 1-T1. For example, T1 can be equal to 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or other suitable values; correspondingly, the reflectance or absorptance of the transmissive filter element 193b to incident light can be 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30% or other suitable values.

[0250] For example, in one of the above examples, when the filter element 193 is implemented as a reflective filter element 193a, the reflectivity of the reflective filter element 193a to incident light can be R1 (e.g., the first ratio mentioned above), and correspondingly, the absorptivity or transmittance of the reflective filter element 193a to incident light can be 1-R1. For example, R1 can be equal to 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or other suitable values; correspondingly, the absorptivity or transmittance of the reflective filter element 193a to incident light can be 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30% or other suitable values.

[0251] The inventors of this disclosure also noted in their research that, when using the aforementioned non-wavelength selective filter element, the filter element 193 also reduces the intensity of the light emitted by the image generating element 120, thereby reducing the brightness of the image displayed by the head-up display device 100 (e.g., reducing imaging brightness) and the efficiency of the head-up display device 100.

[0252] The inventors of this disclosure, through spectral analysis of sunlight, noted that the energy of solar radiation is mainly distributed in the visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet bands. The energy ratio of visible light to total sunlight energy is approximately 50%; the energy ratio of infrared light to total sunlight energy is approximately 47%; and the energy ratio of ultraviolet light to total sunlight energy is approximately 7%, meaning that ultraviolet light in sunlight has relatively little energy. Furthermore, the inventors of this disclosure, through spectral analysis of other types of light (e.g., light emitted by vehicle headlights) entering the encapsulation housing 142 from the outside, noted that the energy of these other types of light also mainly distributes in the visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet bands (especially the visible light band). It should be noted that, for ease of description, the following example uses sunlight as an example of light entering the encapsulation housing 142 from the outside of the housing, but at least one embodiment of this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0253] Based on the above-described spectral analysis results and experimental studies, the inventors of this disclosure have noted that the filter element 193 can be a wavelength-selective filter element to minimize the adverse effects of the filter element 193 on the image light IML while ensuring that as little external light as possible reaches the image generating element 120. For example, the transmittance of the wavelength-selective filter element for light in the visible light band is greater than a second predetermined transmittance R0, thereby minimizing the adverse effects of the filter element 193 on the image light IML. For example, the second predetermined transmittance R0 is greater than 80%, 90%, 95%, 99.5%, or other suitable values.

[0254] For example, the filter element 193 is also configured such that at least a portion of the light source originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193, which is located in a predetermined wavelength band, is incident on the image generating element 120, and the light source originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193, which is located outside the predetermined wavelength band, is filtered out. In this case, the filter element 193 can not only reduce the intensity of the light source originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the image generating element 120, but also reduce the adverse effects of the filter element 193 on the display effect of the head-up display device 100, thereby improving the warning accuracy and reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0255] It should be noted that, in some examples, "the filter element 193 is configured to filter out light rays located outside a predetermined wavelength from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193" means that the filter element 193 makes the ratio of light rays located outside the predetermined wavelength from outside the packaging housing 142 and passing through the filter element 193 to light rays located outside the predetermined wavelength from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 less than a predetermined proportion; for example, the predetermined proportion is 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.05%, or other applicable values. For example, when the filter element 193 is implemented as a transmissive filter element 193b, the transmissive filter element 193b has a transmittance of less than a predetermined proportion for light rays originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 that are outside a predetermined wavelength band; when the filter element 193 is implemented as a reflective filter element 193a, the reflective filter element 193a has a reflectance of less than a predetermined proportion for light rays originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 that are outside a predetermined wavelength band.

[0256] In the first example, the predetermined band is a combination of the visible light band and the ultraviolet band. For example, in the first example above, the operating band of sensor 141 can be the ultraviolet band (that is, sensor 141 is implemented as an ultraviolet sensor).

[0257] For example, in the first example above, when the intensity of light outside the predetermined wavelength range of light originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 meets the sensing requirements of the sensor 141, the operating wavelength of the sensor 141 can be the infrared wavelength range (i.e., the sensor 141 is implemented as an infrared sensor) or the operating wavelength range of the sensor 141 can be a combination of the infrared and ultraviolet wavelength ranges (i.e., the sensor 141 is implemented as a combination of the infrared and ultraviolet sensors). It should be noted that the sensing requirements of the sensor 141 can refer to the fact that the electrical signal output by the sensor 141 corresponding to the intensity of the light incident on the sensor 141 is greater than the noise signal output by the sensor 141 corresponding to the noise signal output by the sensor 141.

[0258] For example, in the first example above, the operating wavelength of sensor 141 can be a wavelength outside the first, second, and third bands in the visible light band (e.g., 400nm-780nm). For example, if the first, second, and third bands are 411nm-480nm, 500nm-565nm, and 590nm-690nm respectively, the operating wavelength of sensor 141 can be located at 400nm-410nm, 482nm-499nm, 566nm-589nm, and 691nm-780nm. For example, by employing a sensor operating in the visible light band (e.g., 400nm-780nm), a filter can be placed between sensor 141 and image generating element 120 (see [link to image processing]). Figure 5B and Figure 5C The filter is positioned such that it only transmits light in the visible light bands of 400nm-410nm, 482nm-499nm, 566nm-589nm, and 691nm-780nm. In this case, sensor 141 can be used to sense light in the 400nm-410nm, 482nm-499nm, 566nm-589nm, and 691nm-780nm bands that passes through image generating element 120 and is incident on sensor 141.

[0259] For example, in the first example above, the operating wavelength of sensor 141 can be any combination of infrared, ultraviolet and visible light bands located outside the first, second and third bands.

[0260] For example, in the first example above, when the filter element 193 is implemented as a transmissive filter element 193b, the filter element 193 can transmit at least a portion of the light in the visible and ultraviolet bands that originate from outside the packaging housing 142 and are incident on the filter element 193, and reflect or absorb light outside the visible and ultraviolet bands (i.e., reflect or absorb light in the infrared band) that originates from outside the packaging housing 142 and is incident on the filter element 193. Thus, the filter element 193 allows at least a portion of the light in the visible and ultraviolet bands to be incident on the image generating element 120, filters out the light in the infrared band, and prevents most of the light in the infrared band from being incident on the image generating element 120. This reduces the intensity of the light incident on the image generating element 120, thereby improving the warning accuracy and reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0261] For example, the visible light emitted by the image generating element 120 can be almost completely transmitted through the filter element 193 without loss; the infrared light in the sunlight (e.g., most of the light) is reflected or absorbed by the transmissive filter element 193b and cannot be incident on the image generating element 120; only the visible light and ultraviolet light in the sunlight are transmitted through the filter element 193 and incident on the image generating element 120, so that only about 57% of the energy in the sunlight reaches the image generating element 120.

[0262] For example, in the first example above, when the filter element 193 is implemented as a reflective filter element 193a, the filter element 193 can reflect at least a portion of the light in the visible and ultraviolet bands that originate from outside the packaging housing 142 and are incident on the filter element 193, and absorb or transmit light outside the visible and ultraviolet bands (i.e., absorb or transmit light in the infrared band) that originates from outside the packaging housing 142 and is incident on the filter element 193. Thus, the filter element 193 causes at least a portion of the light in the visible and ultraviolet bands to be reflected onto the image generating element 120, and filters out the light in the infrared band, so that most of the light in the infrared band cannot be incident on the image generating element 120. This reduces the intensity of the light incident on the image generating element 120, thereby improving the warning accuracy and reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0263] For example, the visible light emitted by the image generating element 120 can be almost completely reflected by the filter element 193 without any loss; the light in the infrared band of sunlight (e.g., the vast majority of the light) is absorbed or transmitted by the transmissive filter element 193b and cannot be incident on the image generating element 120; only the light in the visible and ultraviolet bands of sunlight is reflected by the filter element 193 and incident on the image generating element 120, so that only about 57% of the energy in the sunlight reaches the image generating element 120.

[0264] In the second example, the predetermined band is the visible light band; in this case, the operating wavelength of sensor 141 can be any combination of the infrared band, the ultraviolet band, and the visible light band outside of the first, second, and third bands. For example, sensor 141 can be an infrared sensor 141 or an ultraviolet sensor.

[0265] For example, in the second example above, when the filter element 193 is implemented as a transmissive filter element 193b, the filter element 193 can transmit at least a portion of the light in the visible light band that originates from outside the packaging housing 142 and is incident on the filter element 193, and reflect or absorb light outside the visible light band that originates from outside the packaging housing 142 and is incident on the filter element 193 (that is, reflect or absorb light in the infrared and ultraviolet bands). Thus, the filter element 193 allows at least a portion of the light in the visible light band to be incident on the image generating element 120, and filters out the light in the infrared and ultraviolet bands, and prevents most of the light in the infrared and ultraviolet bands from being incident on the image generating element 120. This reduces the intensity of the light incident on the image generating element 120, thereby improving the reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0266] For example, the visible light emitted by the image generating element 120 can be almost completely transmitted through the filter element 193 without loss; the light in the infrared and ultraviolet bands of sunlight (e.g., the vast majority of the light) is reflected or absorbed by the transmissive filter element 193b and cannot be incident on the image generating element 120, while only the light in the visible light band of sunlight passes through the filter element 193 and is incident on the image generating element 120, so that only about 50% of the energy in the sunlight reaches the image generating element 120.

[0267] For example, in the second example above, when the filter element 193 is implemented as a reflective filter element 193a, the filter element 193 can reflect at least a portion of the visible light in the light source originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193, and absorb or transmit light outside the visible light in the light source originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 (that is, absorb or transmit light in the infrared and ultraviolet bands). Thus, the filter element 193 causes at least a portion of the visible light to be incident on the image generating element 120, filters out the infrared and ultraviolet light, and prevents most of the infrared and ultraviolet light from being incident on the image generating element 120. This reduces the intensity of the light incident on the image generating element 120, thereby improving the reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0268] For example, the visible light emitted by the image generating element 120 can be almost completely reflected by the filter element 193 without any loss; the light in the infrared and ultraviolet bands of sunlight (e.g., the vast majority of the light) is absorbed or transmitted by the transmissive filter element 193b and cannot be incident on the image generating element 120; only the light in the visible light band of sunlight is reflected by the filter element 193 and incident on the image generating element 120, so that only about 50% of the energy in the sunlight reaches the image generating element 120.

[0269] The inventors of this disclosure noted through spectral analysis that, although some light sources emit white light, since each of the multiple light sources 111 included in the light source is configured to emit monochromatic light (e.g., red, green, or blue light), the wavelengths of the light emitted by the aforementioned light sources (light in the visible light band) are located in multiple (e.g., three) spaced-apart bands (e.g., a first band, a second band, and a third band) of the visible light band. Combining the above spectral analysis results with experimental studies, the inventors of this disclosure also noted that, for some of the aforementioned light sources, the intensity of light originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the image generating element 120 can be further reduced by having the filter element 193 filter out light located outside the first, second, and third bands of sunlight.

[0270] In the third example, the predetermined band is a combination of the first band, the second band, and the third band; in this case, the operating wavelength of the sensor 141 can be any combination of the infrared band, the ultraviolet band, and the visible light band, which are located outside the first band, the second band, and the third band.

[0271] For example, in the third example above, when the filter element 193 is implemented as a transmissive filter element 193b, the filter element 193 can transmit at least a portion of the light source originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 that is located in the first, second, and third wavelength bands, and reflect or absorb light source originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 that is located outside the first, second, and third wavelength bands (that is, reflect or absorb light source located in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light bands that are located outside the first, second, and third wavelength bands). Thus, the filter element 193... At least a portion of the light rays located in the first, second, and third bands are incident on the image generating element 120, while light rays located in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light bands but outside the first, second, and third bands are filtered out. Furthermore, the vast majority of the light rays located in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light bands but outside the first, second, and third bands cannot be incident on the image generating element 120. This reduces the intensity of the light incident on the image generating element 120, thereby improving the reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0272] For example, the visible light emitted by the image generating element 120 can be almost completely transmitted through the filter element 193 without loss; most of the sunlight in the infrared, ultraviolet and visible light bands outside the first, second and third bands (e.g., the vast majority of the light) is reflected or absorbed by the transmissive filter element 193b and cannot be incident on the image generating element 120. Only the sunlight in the first, second and third bands passes through the filter element 193 and is incident on the image generating element 120, thereby further reducing the intensity of the light incident on the image generating element 120.

[0273] For example, in the third example described above, when the filter element 193 is implemented as a reflective filter element 193a, the filter element 193 can reflect at least a portion of the light originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 that is located in the first, second, and third wavelength bands, and absorb or transmit light originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 that is located outside the first, second, and third wavelength bands (that is, absorb or transmit light located in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light bands that are located outside the first, second, and third wavelength bands). Thus, the filter element 193... At least a portion of the light rays located in the first, second, and third bands are incident on the image generating element 120, while light rays located in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light bands but outside the first, second, and third bands are filtered out. Furthermore, the vast majority of the light rays located in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light bands but outside the first, second, and third bands cannot be incident on the image generating element 120. This reduces the intensity of the light incident on the image generating element 120, thereby improving the reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0274] For example, the visible light emitted by the image generating element 120 can be almost completely reflected by the filter element 193 without loss; most of the sunlight in the infrared, ultraviolet and visible light bands outside the first, second and third bands (e.g., the vast majority of the light) is absorbed or transmitted by the transmissive filter element 193b and cannot be incident on the image generating element 120. Only the sunlight in the first, second and third bands is reflected by the filter element 193 and incident on the image generating element 120, thereby further reducing the intensity of the light incident on the image generating element 120.

[0275] The inventors of this disclosure have noted in their research that some image light IMLs output by image generating elements 120 are light rays with a predetermined polarization state. For example, the image light IMLs output by liquid crystal display panels have linear polarization characteristics. In this regard, the inventors of this disclosure have noted in their research that the filter element 193 can also be configured to filter out light rays originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 that are outside the predetermined polarization state (e.g., the polarization state of the image light IMLs output by image generating elements 120). This can further reduce the intensity of the light incident on the image generating element 120 without affecting the brightness of the displayed image of the head-up display device. In this case, the filter element 193 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure can be implemented as a filter element 193 with polarization selectivity and wavelength selectivity.

[0276] For example, the predetermined polarization state is the same as the polarization state of the image light IML output by the image generating element 120. For example, the polarization state of the image light IML output by the image generating element 120 and the predetermined polarization state are both first linear polarization states, and light rays outside the predetermined polarization state are light rays with a second polarization state, where the polarization direction of the first linear polarization state is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second linear polarization state. Alternatively, the predetermined polarization state can also be circular polarization or elliptical polarization, which will not be elaborated further. For example, the aforementioned filter element 193 with polarization selectivity and wavelength selectivity may include a stacked structure of a polarizer (e.g., a linear polarizer) and a multilayer dielectric film.

[0277] For example, when the filter element 193 is implemented as a transmissive filter element 193b, the filter element 193 can transmit at least a portion of the light source originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 that has a first linear polarization state (e.g., a horizontal polarization state) located in the first, second, and third bands, and reflect or absorb light source originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 that is outside the first, second, and third bands (i.e., light source located in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light bands that is outside the first, second, and third bands) and light source originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 that has a second linear polarization state located in the first, second, and third bands. Thus, the filter element 193 allows at least a portion of the light source originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 that has a second linear polarization state located in the first, second, and third bands. At least a portion of light rays in the first, second, and third bands having a first linear polarization state (e.g., a horizontal polarization state) are incident on the image generating element 120, and light rays in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light bands other than the first, second, and third bands, as well as light rays in the first, second, and third bands having a second linear polarization state, are filtered out. This prevents most of the light rays in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light bands other than the first, second, and third bands, as well as light rays in the first, second, and third bands having a second linear polarization state, from incident on the image generating element 120. This further reduces the intensity of light incident on the image generating element 120, thereby further improving the reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. For example, by making the filter element 193 wavelength selective and polarization selective, the filter element 193 can filter out most of the light in sunlight. Therefore, in some examples, the filter element 193 is disposed on a transmission device (e.g., including transmission gears and a power device) and can replace the light-shielding element in the aforementioned examples (e.g., Figure 14The light-shielding element 181 shown is used to shield the light, so that when the light-shielding element is in the second state, it does not affect the normal display of the head-up display device 100.

[0278] For example, the visible light emitted by the image generating element 120 can be almost completely transmitted through the filter element 193 without loss; most of the sunlight in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light bands outside the first, second, and third bands, as well as most of the sunlight in the first, second, and third bands with a second linear polarization state, are reflected or absorbed by the transmissive filter element 193b and cannot be incident on the image generating element 120. Only the sunlight in the first, second, and third bands with a first linear polarization state passes through the filter element 193 and is incident on the image generating element 120, thereby further reducing the intensity of the light incident on the image generating element 120.

[0279] For example, when the filter element 193 is implemented as a reflective filter element 193a, the filter element 193 can reflect at least a portion of the light source originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 that has a first linear polarization state (e.g., horizontal polarization state) in the first, second, and third wavebands, and absorb or transmit light source originating from outside the packaging housing 142 and incident on the filter element 193 that is outside the first, second, and third wavebands (i.e., absorb or transmit light source located in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light bands that are outside the first, second, and third wavebands) and light source located in the first, second, and third wavebands that has a second linear polarization state. Thus, the filter element 193 allows the aforementioned light source located in the first, second, and third wavebands to be reflected. At least a portion of the visible light band is incident on the image generating element 120, and light in bands other than the first, second, and third bands in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light bands, as well as light in the first, second, and third bands with a second linear polarization state, is filtered out. This prevents most of the light in bands other than the first, second, and third bands in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light bands, as well as light in the first, second, and third bands with a second linear polarization state, from incident on the image generating element 120. This reduces the intensity of the light incident on the image generating element 120, thereby improving the reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0280] For example, the visible light emitted by the image generating element 120 can be almost completely reflected by the filter element 193 without loss; most of the sunlight in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light bands outside the first, second, and third bands, as well as most of the sunlight in the first, second, and third bands with a second linear polarization state, are reflected or absorbed by the transmissive filter element 193b and cannot be incident on the image generating element 120. Only the sunlight in the first, second, and third bands with a first linear polarization state passes through the filter element 193 and is incident on the image generating element 120, thereby further reducing the intensity of the light incident on the image generating element 120.

[0281] For example, the filter element 193 includes a selectively reflective film composed of stacked inorganic oxide films or polymer films, wherein the film is composed of at least two film layers with different refractive indices. Here, "different refractive indices" refers to the film layers having different refractive indices in at least one of the x, y, and z directions. By pre-selecting film layers with desired different refractive indices and stacking them in a pre-set order, a selectively reflective and selectively transmit film can be formed, which can selectively reflect light with one characteristic and transmit light with another. Specifically, for the inorganic oxide film layer, the composition of the film layer is selected from one or more of tantalum pentoxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and aluminum fluoride. For the organic polymer film layer, the organic polymer film layer includes at least two thermoplastic organic polymer film layers; the two thermoplastic polymer film layers are alternately arranged to form an optical film, and the two thermoplastic polymer film layers have different refractive indices. In this process, the organic polymer material has a chain-like molecular structure. After stretching, the molecules align in a certain direction, resulting in different refractive indices in different directions. This allows the formation of the desired film through a specific stretching process. Specifically, the thermoplastic polymer can be PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and its derivatives with different degrees of polymerization, PEN (polyethylene naphthalate) and its derivatives with different degrees of polymerization, PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) and its derivatives with different degrees of polymerization, etc., without limitation.

[0282] In some examples, the reflective light guide element 150 from the foregoing embodiments or examples can be reused (e.g., Figure 6A The reflective light guide element 150 shown is used to improve the utilization rate of light emitted by at least one light source 111; the diffusion element 192 in the foregoing embodiments or examples can be reused to improve the display quality of the head-up display device 100. For example, the head-up display device 100 may also include a direction control element 160 (e.g., a lens).

[0283] Figure 18This is a schematic diagram of a portion of another head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. For example, as Figure 18 As shown, light emitted by at least one light source 111 is sequentially incident on (through) a reflective light guide element 150, a direction control element 160, and a diffuser element 192; the direction control element 160 is configured to converge the light rays passing through the reflective light guide element 150 and incident on the direction control element 160; the diffuser element 192 is configured to diffuse the light rays converged by the direction control element 160 and incident on the diffuser element 192.

[0284] For example, such as Figure 18 As shown, the reflective light guide element 150 is positioned in the light-emitting direction of the light source 111. The light emitted by the light source 111 propagates within the reflective light guide element 150 and exits to the direction control element 160. The inner surface of the reflective light guide element 150 is provided with a reflective surface. Large-angle light rays emitted by the light source 111 (the angle relative to the center line of the reflective light guide element 150) are focused after reflection by the reflective surface, thereby improving the utilization rate of the light emitted by the light source 111.

[0285] For example, such as Figure 18 As shown, the direction control element 160 is used to control the direction of light emitted from at least one light source 111 and emitted from the reflective light guide element 150, so as to focus the light emitted from at least one light source 111 to a predetermined range, thereby further concentrating the light and improving the light utilization rate. The direction control element 160 can specifically be a lens or a lens combination, such as a convex lens, a Fresnel lens, or a lens combination. It should be noted that... Figure 18 The directional control element 160 is illustrated using a convex lens as an example. However, it can be understood that the predetermined range can be a point, such as the focal point of the convex lens, or a smaller area. The purpose of setting the directional control element 160 is to further focus the large-angle light emitted from the light source 111 and improve the light utilization rate.

[0286] For example, such as Figure 18As shown, the diffuser element can also diffuse at least one emitted light beam into a beam with a certain distribution angle. The smaller the diffusion angle, the higher the brightness of the beam, and vice versa. The diffuser element is also used to diffuse light rays that have been focused by the reflective light guide element 150 and the direction control element 160 originating from at least one light source 111 at a certain angle, increasing the degree of light diffusion and enabling uniform light distribution within a certain area. For example, the diffuser element is a diffractive optical element, such as a beam shaper. After passing through the beam shaper, the light diffuses and forms a beam with a specific cross-sectional shape, including but not limited to linear, circular, elliptical, square, or rectangular shapes. For example, by controlling the microstructure of the diffractive optical element, the diffusion angle and cross-sectional shape of the light rays can be precisely controlled, achieving precise control of the diffusion effect.

[0287] It should be noted that the reflective light guide element 150 can reduce the distribution range of the light beam emitted by at least one light source 111 by focusing the light emitted by at least one light source 111 (e.g., reducing the cross-sectional area of ​​the light beam emitted by at least one light source 111); the direction control element 160 can reduce the distribution range of the light beam emitted by at least one light source 111 by focusing the light emitted by at least one light source 111 (e.g., reducing the cross-sectional area of ​​the light beam emitted by at least one light source 111); and the diffuser element can distribute the light beam emitted by at least one light source 111 more uniformly on the beam cross-section after the size is reduced by diffusing the light beam incident on it.

[0288] At least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a head-up display system 200. Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of a head-up display system 200 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system 200 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system 200 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0289] like Figures 19-21 As shown, the head-up display system 200 includes a partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 and any head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 is configured to image a first virtual image (not shown) output by the head-up display device 100 to form a second virtual image 202.

[0290] For example, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 can partially reflect and partially transmit light rays located in the visible light band. Figures 19-21As shown, the image light IML emitted from the second opening 143 of the housing 142 of the head-up display 100 is reflected by the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 onto the eye box region EB1. When the driver's eyes are in the eye box region, the driver can see a first virtual image formed on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 that is away from the eye box region. For example, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 does not affect the driver's observation of the external environment.

[0291] In some examples, such as Figure 19 and Figure 21 As shown, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 can be implemented as a flat, partially reflective and partially transmissive element; in other examples, such as Figure 20 As shown, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 can be implemented as a curved partially reflective and partially transmissive element. For example, as... Figure 20 As shown, when the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 is implemented as a curved partially reflective and partially transmissive element, the side of the curved partially reflective and partially transmissive element closest to the head-up display device 100 is concave. It should be noted that... Figure 20 The head-up display system 200 shown is not limited to using Figure 3A The head-up display device 100 shown is... Figure 20 The head-up display system 200 shown can also employ any other head-up display device 100 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure (e.g., Figure 3B (Head-up display device 100 shown).

[0292] For example, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 can be the front window of a traffic device (e.g., the windshield), an emissive film layer or an imaging window disposed on the surface of the front window of the traffic device near the head-up display device. Imaging through the windshield is called W-HUD (windshield-HUD), and imaging through the imaging window is called (C-HUD). For example, the imaging window is generally made of a transparent material (transparent to visible light) and has a certain curvature.

[0293] For example, the first virtual image output by the head-up display device 100 can be located at the focal plane of the partially reflective transmissive element 201, thereby increasing the distance between the second virtual image displayed by the head-up display system 200 and the eye box region. For example, this allows the second virtual image displayed by the head-up display system 200 to be located at a greater distance (e.g., greater than 30 meters, 50 meters) or even infinity, thereby making the head-up display system 200 suitable for virtual reality (AR) applications.

[0294] For example, when the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 is the windshield, the position of the first virtual image formed by the image source after reflection by the curved mirror is located at or near the focal plane of the windshield. In this case, according to the laws of curved surface imaging, the second virtual image formed by the image output by the image generation element 120 after sequentially passing through the curved mirror and the windshield will be formed at a relatively far distance or even infinity, which is suitable for AR-HUD use. Here, a relatively far distance means that the distance between the second virtual image displayed by the head-up display system 200 and the eye box area is greater than a predetermined distance threshold. For example, the predetermined distance threshold can be 20 meters, 30 meters, 50 meters, or other applicable distances.

[0295] For example, in a head-up display system 200 that includes a head-up display device 100 employing a reflective light guide element 150, a direction control element 160, and a diffusion element, the light emitted from the light source 111 passes through the reflective light guide element 150 and the direction control element 160, and is then reflected by the reflective element 130. Finally, after reflection on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201, the reflected light converges and falls into the eye box (e.g., the center of the eye box). The diffusion element then precisely diffuses the light, ensuring that the diffused beam covers the eye box area (e.g., exactly covers the eye box area), achieving high light efficiency without affecting normal observation. It is understood that the diffused beam can be larger than the eye box area, as long as it completely covers the eye box; preferably, after setting the diffusion element, the diffused beam exactly covers the eye box area, at which point the system's light efficiency is highest.

[0296] The inventors of this disclosure also noted during their research that, Figure 1 and Figure 2 The head-up display system shown may have a ghosting problem, which is due to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The image corresponding to the light reflected from the surface of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element near the housing in the head-up display system shown does not completely overlap with the image corresponding to the light reflected from the surface of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element away from the housing.

[0297] The following is combined Figures 22-25 Several examples of a head-up display system 200 with ghosting suppression (e.g., anti-ghosting) function provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure are described.

[0298] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system 200 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. Compared to Figures 19-21 The head-up display system 200 shown is shown. Figure 22The head-up display system 200 shown also includes a wedge-shaped film 211; the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 of the head-up display system 200 includes a first layer 201a, a second layer 201b and a gap (hereinafter referred to as the interlayer) located between the first layer 201a and the second layer 201b; the wedge-shaped film 211 is located in the interlayer (i.e., the gap between the first layer 201a and the second layer 201b) of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201.

[0299] The following describes the partial reflective and partial transmissive element 201 of the head-up display system 200 as a windshield (e.g., front windshield) of a traffic device, on which a wedge-shaped film 211 is provided. Figure 22 The head-up display system 200 shown here has an anti-ghosting function as an example.

[0300] For example, the windshield uses a double-glazed structure, with a wedge-shaped polyvinyl butyral (PVB) layer embedded between the two layers using a special process. By making the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 a windshield with a wedge-shaped film 211, the images reflected from the inner and outer surfaces of the glass (i.e., the image reflected by the first layer 201a and the image reflected by the second layer 201b) can be superimposed into a single image, thereby enabling the head-up display system 200 to have ghosting suppression (e.g., anti-ghosting) functionality. For example, the wedge-shaped film 211 has a thin end and a thick end, and also has a certain angle, the angle of which needs to be set according to the requirements of the head-up display system 200.

[0301] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system 200 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. Compared to Figures 19-21 The head-up display system 200 shown is shown. Figure 23 The head-up display system 200 shown also includes a first reflective film 212, which is located on the surface of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 near the head-up display device 100; the polarization direction of the image light IML output by the image generating element 120 of the head-up display device 100 is a second direction; the reflectivity of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 for light with a polarization direction of a first direction is a first reflectivity; the reflectivity of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 for light with a polarization direction of a second direction is a second reflectivity; the reflectivity of the first reflective film 212 for light with a polarization direction of a second direction is a third reflectivity; the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; both the first reflectivity and the third reflectivity are greater than the second reflectivity.

[0302] For example, light rays with a first polarization direction are S-polarized light, and light rays with a second polarization direction are P-polarized light; the reflectivity of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 for S-polarized light is greater than the reflectivity of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 for P-polarized light; the reflectivity of the first reflective film 212 (e.g., a P-polarized light reflective film) for P-polarized light is greater than the reflectivity of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 for P-polarized light.

[0303] For example, by making the image light IML output by the image generating element 120 of the head-up display device 100 P-polarized light and providing a first reflective film 212 (e.g., a P-polarized light reflective film) to increase the reflectivity of P-polarized light, the energy utilization efficiency of the head-up display system 200 can be improved. Furthermore, since glass has a high transmittance for P-polarized light, the P-polarized light passing through the first reflective film 212 will also be partially transmitted through the partially reflective transmissive element 201. This is because the second layer 201b of the partially reflective transmissive element 201 (see...) Figure 22 The inner surface of the first reflective film 212 has a very low reflectivity for P-polarized light; in this case, the brightness of the image reflected by the second layer 201b of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 is very low (e.g., negligible). For example, in this case, the user can observe only the image reflected by the first reflective film 212.

[0304] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system 200 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. Compared to Figures 19-21 The head-up display system 200 shown is shown. Figure 24 The head-up display system 200 shown also includes a first phase delay element 213, which is located on the surface of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 near the head-up display device 100. The image light IML output by the image generating element 120 of the head-up display device 100 has a polarization direction of a first direction. For example, light with a polarization direction of the first direction is S-polarized light, and light with a polarization direction of the second direction is P-polarized light. The reflectivity of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 for S-polarized light is greater than that for P-polarized light.

[0305] In one example, the first phase retardation element 213 is a half-wave plate; in this case, the light transmitted through the first phase retardation element 213 is converted into P-polarized light by the half-wave plate, and due to partial reflection, the second layer 201b of the partial transmission element 201 (see...) Figure 22The inner surface of the half-wave plate has a very low reflectivity for P-polarized light. The reflected light transmitted through the half-wave plate is also partially transmitted through the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201. The brightness of the image reflected by the second layer 201b of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 is very low (e.g., negligible), thereby enabling the head-up display system 200 to have ghosting suppression (e.g., anti-ghosting) functionality. For example, the head-up display system 200 may also include a third reflective film located on the side of the first phase delay element 213 closer to the head-up display device 100, so that the third reflective film reflects more light output from the head-up display system 200 to the eye box region.

[0306] In another example, the first phase retardation element 213 can also be a quarter-wave plate; in this case, the light transmitted through the first phase retardation element 213 is converted into circularly polarized light by the quarter-wave plate, partially reflecting and partially transmitting the second layer 201b of the second layer 201 (see...). Figure 22 The inner surface of the second layer 201b of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 has a relatively low reflectivity for circularly polarized light. The brightness of the image reflected by the second layer 201b of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 is very low (e.g., negligible), thereby enabling the head-up display system 200 to have ghosting suppression (e.g., ghosting elimination) function.

[0307] It should be noted that, for ease of explanation, there is a gap between the first phase delay element 213 and the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201, but in actual applications, the surface of the first phase delay element 213 is in close contact with the surface of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201. Figure 24 The windshield has also been enlarged. For example, the thickness of the windshield has been increased.

[0308] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system 200 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. Compared to Figures 19-21 The head-up display system 200 shown is shown. Figure 25 The head-up display system 200 also includes a second reflective film 214, which is located on the surface of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 near the head-up display device 100; the image light IML output by the image generating element 120 includes any one or any combination of light in a first band, a second band, and a third band; for example, the colors of the first band, the second band, and the third band are different from each other. For example, any two bands of the first, second, and third bands are spaced apart from each other.

[0309] For example, the second reflective film 214 has a fourth reflectivity for light incident on it and located in a predetermined wavelength band; the second reflective film 214 has a fifth reflectivity for visible light incident on it and located outside the predetermined wavelength band; the fourth reflectivity is greater than the fifth reflectivity; the predetermined wavelength band includes a combination of the first wavelength band, the second wavelength band, and the third wavelength band.

[0310] For example, if the fifth reflectivity is low (e.g., less than 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.5%, or other applicable values), and correspondingly, the second reflective film 214 has high transmittance for visible light outside the predetermined wavelength band, then the fourth reflectivity can be set to high reflectivity (e.g., making the fourth reflectivity greater than 80%, 90%, 95%, 99.5%, or other applicable values). Consequently, the image light IML output by the image generating element 120 is substantially reflected by the second reflective film 214 and does not incident on the second layer 201b of the partially reflective and partially transmittance element 201 (see...). Figure 22 The brightness of the image reflected by the second layer 201b of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 is negligible, thereby enabling the head-up display system 200 to have ghosting suppression (e.g., anti-ghosting) functionality. Furthermore, since the second reflective film 214 has high transmittance for visible light outside a predetermined wavelength band, visible light incident on the imaging device and the second reflective film 214 outside the predetermined wavelength band can pass through the imaging device and the second reflective film 214 and be observed by the user of the head-up display system 200. Therefore, the second reflective film 214 has less adverse effect on the user of the head-up display system 200's observation of the external environment through the imaging device.

[0311] For example, when the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 is a windshield, a selective reflective film can be added to the inner surface of the windshield. The selective reflective film only reflects the image light IML lines emitted by the image generating element 120. If the image light IML lines include light in the RGB bands, the selective reflective film only reflects the RGB light and transmits other light (for example, visible light bands located outside the band of the image light IML lines emitted by the image generating element). The image light IML lines will not be reflected twice on the outer inner surface of the windshield, thereby eliminating ghosting.

[0312] The inventors of this disclosure also noted during their research that when a user wears polarized glasses 221 (polarized sunglasses), some images output by the head-up display system 200 may not be visible. This is because the light source outputting the displayed image from the head-up display system 200 is S-polarized light, and the polarized glasses 221 are configured to filter out S-polarized light and allow only P-polarized light to pass through.

[0313] The following is combined Figure 26 and Figure 27 At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a head-up display system 200 that allows a user to view a displayed image while wearing polarized glasses 221.

[0314] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system 200 provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. Compared to Figures 19-21 The head-up display system 200 shown is shown. Figure 26 The head-up display system 200 shown also includes a second phase delay element 215, which is located at the second opening 143 of the encapsulation housing 142 of the head-up display device 100, or in the optical path from the second opening 143 to the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201. For example, the phase delay element is a quarter-wave plate or a half-wave plate.

[0315] For example, when the phase delay element is a quarter-wave plate, S-polarized light can be converted into circularly polarized light. Since the circularly polarized light C has a P-polarized light component, the user of the head-up display system 200 can observe the image displayed by the head-up display system 200 when wearing polarized glasses 221.

[0316] Figure 27 yes Figure 23 Another schematic diagram of the head-up display system 200 shown.

[0317] For example, Figure 23 and Figure 27 As shown, the image light IML output by the image generating element 120 of the head-up display device 100 is P-polarized light. The first reflective film 212 (e.g., a P-polarized light reflective film) can reflect the P-polarized image light IML. Therefore, when the user of the head-up display system 200 wears polarized glasses 221, they can observe the image light IML passing through the polarized glasses 221. Figure 23 and Figure 27 The head-up display system 200 shown allows a user to view the displayed image while wearing polarized glasses 221.

[0318] At least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a transportation device. Figure 28 This is an exemplary block diagram of a transportation device provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 28 As shown, the transportation device includes a head-up display system 200 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. In some examples, the front window (e.g., the windshield) of the transportation device is reused as a partially reflective and partially transmissive element 201 of the head-up display system 200.

[0319] For example, the transportation equipment can be any suitable transportation equipment, such as land transportation equipment such as various types of automobiles, or water transportation equipment such as boats, as long as the driver's position is equipped with a windshield and the image is projected onto the windshield through an in-vehicle display system.

[0320] It should be noted that, for clarity, the thickness of layers or regions in the drawings used to describe embodiments of this disclosure is enlarged or reduced, i.e., these drawings are not drawn to actual scale.

[0321] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, modifications or improvements can be made to the embodiments of the present disclosure, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure are within the scope of protection claimed by the present disclosure.

[0322] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure, which is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A head-up display device, comprising a light source, an image generating element, a reflective element, and at least one sensor. in, The light source unit includes at least one light source, which is configured to emit light; The image generating element is configured to convert light emitted by the at least one light source into image light and output it. The image generating element includes a plurality of image generating pixels, and the plurality of image generating pixels are configured to independently adjust the transmittance of light incident on the plurality of image generating pixels respectively. The reflective element is configured to receive the image light and reflect and converge the image light; The at least one sensor is located on the side of the image generating element closer to the light source; as well as The image generating element includes a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface. The orthographic projection of the at least one sensor onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element at least partially overlaps with the image generating element so that light originating from outside the head-up display device and passing through the image generating pixel of the image generating element is incident on the at least one sensor. The orthographic projection of the at least one sensor onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the at least one light source onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element; It also includes a packaging housing with a second opening. The light source, the image generating element, the reflective element, and the at least one sensor are all located within the packaging housing; and The image light is configured to exit the head-up display device via the second opening; The at least one sensor is configured to communicate with the controller; and The controller is configured to issue an alarm command in response to light intensity originating from outside the package housing, passing through the image generating element and incident on the at least one sensor being greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold; The predetermined light intensity threshold is calculated based on a predetermined transmittance and a light intensity threshold that affects the performance of the image generating pixels of the image generating element, wherein the predetermined transmittance is the transmittance of at least a portion of the image generating pixels of the image generating element.

2. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein, The light emitted by the at least one light source enters the image generating element from the first surface, and the image light exits the image generating element from the second surface.

3. The head-up display device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The light source unit also includes a light-emitting driving substrate; The at least one light source is located on the side of the light-emitting driving substrate closer to the image generating element; The light-emitting driving substrate is electrically connected to the at least one light source and is configured to drive the at least one light source to emit light.

4. The head-up display device according to claim 3, wherein, The at least one light source includes multiple light sources; The at least one sensor includes multiple sensors; and At least a portion of the plurality of sensors have an orthographic projection on the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element located in the gap between the orthographic projections of adjacent light sources on the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element.

5. The head-up display device according to claim 4, wherein, The at least one sensor is fixed on the light-emitting driving substrate.

6. The head-up display device according to claim 3, wherein, The light-emitting driving substrate has a first opening; The at least one sensor is located on the side of the light-emitting driving substrate away from the image generating element, and the light-collecting surface of the at least one sensor faces the light-emitting driving substrate; The orthographic projection of the at least one sensor onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first opening onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element.

7. The head-up display device according to claim 1, further comprising a diffusion element, in, The diffusion element is located between the image generating element and the at least one sensor, and is configured to diffuse light originating from outside the package housing, entering the package housing through the second opening, and passing through the image generating element.

8. The head-up display device according to claim 7 further includes a reflective light guide element. in, The reflective light guide element is configured to converge at least a portion of light originating from outside the package housing, entering the package housing through the second opening, and passing through the image generating element toward the centerline of the reflective light guide element by reflection.

9. The head-up display device according to claim 8, wherein, The orthographic projection of the reflective light guide element on the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element at least partially overlaps with the image generating element, and the reflective light guide element is located on the side of the image generating element closer to the light source.

10. The head-up display device according to claim 8 or 9, wherein, The reflective light guide element is a hollow shell; The hollow shell has a third opening and a fourth opening that are opposite each other; The light originating from outside the encapsulation housing, entering the encapsulation housing through the second opening, and passing through the image generating element, enters the hollow housing through the fourth opening and can be reflected by the reflective layer on the inner surface of the hollow housing onto the at least one sensor; The first surface includes a first region; The orthographic projection of the boundary of the third opening onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element coincides with the boundary of the first region. as well as The orthographic projection of the at least one sensor onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element is located in the first region.

11. The head-up display device according to claim 10, wherein, The orthographic projection of the at least one light source onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element is located in the first region; The first surface includes the second region; The orthographic projection of the boundary of the fourth opening onto the plane containing the first surface of the image generating element coincides with the boundary of the second region of the first surface; and The second region and the first region at least partially overlap.

12. The head-up display device according to claim 8 or 9, further comprising a direction control element, in, The light emitted by at least one light source passes sequentially through the reflective light guide element, the direction control element, and the diffusion element; The direction control element is configured to converge light rays that pass through the reflective light guide element and are incident on the direction control element; as well as The diffusion element is also configured to diffuse light rays that are converged by the direction control element and incident on the diffusion element.

13. The head-up display device according to claim 1, further comprising a filter element, wherein, The filter element is disposed in the optical path from the second opening to the image generating element and is configured to reduce the intensity of light originating from outside the package housing and passing through the image generating element.

14. The head-up display device according to claim 13, wherein, The filter element is further configured such that at least a portion of the light rays originating from outside the package housing and incident on the filter element that are located in a predetermined wavelength band are incident on the image generating element, and light rays originating from outside the package housing and incident on the filter element that are located outside the predetermined wavelength band are filtered out.

15. The head-up display device according to claim 14, wherein, The image light output by the image generating element includes any one or any combination of light from the first band, the second band, and the third band. The colors of the light in the first band, the second band, and the third band are different from each other; Any two bands among the first band, the second band, and the third band are spaced apart from each other; and The predetermined band includes a combination of the first band, the second band, and the third band.

16. The head-up display device according to claim 15, wherein, The filter element is also configured to filter out light rays that are outside the predetermined polarization state from the light rays that originate outside the package housing and are incident on the filter element.

17. The head-up display device according to claim 16, wherein, The predetermined polarization state is the same as the polarization state of the image light output by the image generating element.

18. The head-up display device according to any one of claims 13-17, wherein, The filter element is configured such that a first proportion of the light rays originating from outside the package housing and incident on the filter element are incident on the image generating element; as well as The spectral distribution of the light originating from outside the packaging housing and incident on the filter element is substantially the same as the spectral distribution of the first proportion of light incident on the image generating element, or... The filter element is a reflective filter element and is located on the light-reflecting surface of the reflective element, or... The filter element is a transmissive filter element and is located in the optical path from the image generating element to the second opening.

19. The head-up display device according to claim 1, further comprising a light-shielding element, in, The controller is also configured to drive the light-shielding element to switch from a first state to a second state in response to light intensity originating from outside the package housing, passing through the image generating element and incident on the at least one sensor being greater than or equal to the predetermined light intensity threshold; The light-shielding element is configured to allow light originating from outside the packaging housing to be incident on the image generating element in the first state; as well as The light-shielding element is configured in the second state to prevent light originating from outside the encapsulation housing from incident on the image generating element.

20. The head-up display device according to claim 19, further comprising a feedback unit, in, The controller is also configured to cause the light-shielding element to switch from the second state to the first state in response to a recovery command output by the feedback device.

21. The head-up display device according to claim 20, wherein, The feedback unit is configured to output a recovery command in response to a mismatch between the orientation of the second opening of the encapsulation housing and the current position of the sun.

22. The head-up display device according to claim 21, further comprising a locator and an angular motion detector, in, The locator is configured to obtain the latitude and longitude of the current geographical location of the head-up display device; The angular motion detector is configured to collect the current angular motion parameters of the head-up display device; as well as The feedback device is also configured to determine whether the orientation of the second opening of the encapsulation housing matches the position of the sun, based on the latitude and longitude of the current geographical location of the head-up display device and the current position of the sun.

23. The head-up display device according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein, The reflective element includes a curved reflector or the reflective element includes a first reflector and a second reflector; or... The image generation element may be provided with a plurality of light source arrays, a plurality of sensor arrays, or a combination of the plurality of light sources and the plurality of sensors; or, it may also include a filter element configured to reduce the intensity of light passing through the image generation element, wherein the filter element is a reflective filter element or a transmissive filter element.

24. A head-up display system, comprising partially reflective and partially transmissive elements, and a head-up display device as described in any one of claims 1-23. in, The partially reflective, partially transmissive element is configured to image the first virtual image output by the head-up display device to form a second virtual image.

25. The head-up display system according to claim 24, wherein, The first virtual image output by the head-up display device is located at the focal plane of the partially reflective transmission element, or... It also includes a first phase delay element, which is located on the surface of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element near the head-up display device; or, It also includes a second phase delay element, which is located at the second opening of the housing of the head-up display device, or in the light path from the second opening to the partially reflective transmissive element.

26. The head-up display system of claim 24, further comprising a first reflective film, in, The first reflective film is located on the surface of the partially reflective transmissive element near the head-up display device; The reflectivity of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element for light with a polarization direction of the first direction is the first reflectivity. The reflectivity of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element for light with a polarization direction of the second direction is the second reflectivity; The first reflective film has a third reflectivity for light rays polarized in the second direction; The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; and Both the first reflectivity and the third reflectivity are greater than the second reflectivity.

27. The head-up display system according to claim 26, wherein, The polarization direction of the image light output by the image generating element of the head-up display device is the second direction.

28. The head-up display system according to any one of claims 24-26, further comprising a phase delay element, in, The phase delay element is located at the second opening of the encapsulation housing of the head-up display device, or in the light path from the second opening to the transmissive element of the partially reflective portion.

29. The head-up display system according to claim 24, further comprising a second reflective film, wherein, The second reflective film is located on the surface of the partially reflective transmissive element near the head-up display device; The reflectivity of the second reflective film for light incident on the second reflective film and located in a predetermined wavelength band is the fourth reflectivity; The reflectivity of the second reflective film for visible light incident on the second reflective film and located outside the predetermined wavelength band is the fifth reflectivity; The fourth reflectivity is greater than the fifth reflectivity; The image light output by the image generating element includes any one or any combination of light from the first band, the second band, and the third band. The colors of the light in the first band, the second band, and the third band are different from each other; Any two bands among the first band, the second band, and the third band are spaced apart from each other; and The predetermined band includes a combination of the first band, the second band, and the third band, or... It also includes a wedge-shaped film, wherein the wedge-shaped film is located in the interlayer of the partially reflective, partially transmissive element.

30. A transportation device comprising a head-up display system as described in any one of claims 24-29.

Images