array antenna

Abstract

The application discloses an array antenna, which comprises a plurality of dipole antenna arrays, each of which comprises a dielectric substrate, a plurality of dipoles, each of which comprises two oscillators and is attached to opposite sides of the dielectric substrate respectively, and a projection of one of the oscillators on the opposite side of the dielectric substrate is connected to the other oscillator and a common connection point exists; a sub-power division network, which is printed on one side of the dielectric substrate and comprises a plurality of output ends, and one output end is connected to one common connection point; and a balun, which is connected to an input end of the sub-power division network. The array antenna provided by the application solves the technical problem of complex feeding network existing in a conventional dipole array antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to an array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] An array antenna is an antenna system consisting of many identical individual antennas that are fed and spatially arranged according to a certain pattern. This type of antenna has outstanding advantages in directivity. Therefore, existing LTE (Long Term Evolution) communication antennas often use array antennas to achieve directional radiation.

[0003] In LTE communication, antenna installation scenarios such as base stations and airborne antennas are typically array antennas composed of multiple dipole antennas. Each dipole antenna, which serves as an element of the array antenna, is a dipole antenna with a metal reflector. Each dipole antenna is fed by an independent balun, and the antenna array is fed by a complex wiring feeding network on the back.

[0004] Therefore, existing dipole array antennas have technical problems with complex feeding networks, which makes antenna layout difficult, increases costs, and increases losses. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an array antenna that can reduce the complexity of the feed network of a dipole array antenna.

[0006] This invention provides an array antenna comprising multiple dipole antenna arrays, each of the dipole antenna arrays comprising:

[0007] dielectric substrate;

[0008] Multiple dipoles, each dipole comprising two oscillators respectively attached to opposite sides of the dielectric substrate, wherein the projection of one oscillator on the opposite side of the dielectric substrate of each dipole is connected to the other oscillator and has a common connection point;

[0009] The sub-power distribution network is printed on one side of the dielectric substrate and includes multiple output terminals, with each output terminal connected to a common connection point;

[0010] The balun is connected to the input of the sub-power divider network.

[0011] Optionally, the dipole antenna array includes four dipoles, wherein two elements in each dipole are in a ring structure, and the projection of one element in each dipole onto the opposite side of the dielectric substrate is axially symmetric with respect to the other element, and includes mutually perpendicular transverse and longitudinal axes of symmetry. The transverse and longitudinal axes of symmetry pass through the common connection point. The four dipoles are arranged in a two-row, two-column array on the dielectric substrate. The two transverse axes of symmetry of two dipoles in the same row are collinear and the two longitudinal axes of symmetry are parallel to each other. The two longitudinal axes of symmetry of two dipoles in the same column are collinear and the two transverse axes of symmetry are parallel to each other.

[0012] Optionally, the sub-power distribution network is H-shaped, and the sub-power distribution network includes four output terminals located at the four ends of the H-shape. Two parallel horizontal lines in the H-shape connect two common connection points of two vertically arranged dipoles, which are arranged along the orientation of each dipole. The input terminal of the sub-power distribution network is located at the midpoint of the vertical line in the H-shape.

[0013] Optionally, the dipole antenna array further includes: a metal reflective cavity with a planar bottom and an open top, wherein,

[0014] The dielectric substrate is parallel to the bottom of the metal reflective cavity, and its projection onto the bottom of the metal reflective cavity is located at the exact center of the bottom of the metal reflective cavity.

[0015] The dielectric substrate is disposed above the top of the metal reflective cavity and at a distance of 0.25λ from the bottom of the metal reflective cavity, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the array antenna.

[0016] The balun extends from outside the metal reflector cavity, passes through the bottom of the metal reflector cavity, and connects to the input of the sub-power divider network.

[0017] Optionally, the array antenna includes three of the aforementioned dipole antenna arrays, and the array antenna further includes:

[0018] A metal reflector is located below the three dipole antenna arrays, and the bottom of the metal reflector cavity of each dipole antenna array is inclined at a 45° angle to the metal reflector.

[0019] The three dipole antenna arrays are arranged in a circle above the metal reflector, with the bottom of each metal reflector cavity facing inwards from the circle, and the included angle between two adjacent dipole antenna arrays is 120°.

[0020] Optionally, the array antenna further includes:

[0021] A total power distribution network is printed on a substrate, and the substrate is attached to the metal reflector. The total power distribution network includes a power input start end and a first output structure, a second output structure and a third output structure respectively connected to the start end.

[0022] The ends of the first output structure, the second output structure, and the third output structure are respectively connected to the balun of one of the dipole antenna arrays.

[0023] Optionally, the array antenna further includes an over-the-top antenna, the over-the-top antenna comprising:

[0024] A dielectric substrate is attached below the metal reflector.

[0025] A metal probe, with one end located inside the dielectric substrate and the other end serving as the feed point for the over-the-top antenna, passes successively through the target insulation area on the dielectric substrate and the metal reflector, and the target insulation area is the area where the total power divider network is not located above it;

[0026] The main radiating patch is attached below the dielectric substrate and provides the energy to be radiated through the metal probe.

[0027] Optionally, the over-the-top antenna further includes a dielectric partition plate attached below the main radiating patch.

[0028] Optionally, the over-the-top antenna further includes a parasitic radiating patch.

[0029] The parasitic radiation patch is attached below the dielectric partition, and the projection of the parasitic radiation patch onto the plane where the main radiation patch is located covers the main radiation patch.

[0030] Optionally, the array antenna further includes a cavity-shaped radome, the cavity of which is used to carry the three dipole antenna arrays, the over-the-top antenna, the metal reflector, and the total power divider network.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0032] The array antenna provided by this invention achieves the purpose of coplanar design of the dipole antenna and the sub-power divider network by attaching two elements of each dipole to opposite sides of the dielectric substrate and printing a sub-power divider network on one side of the dielectric substrate. Furthermore, it uses a balun to simultaneously feed all dipoles in a dipole antenna array, thereby avoiding the technical problem of complex feeding network caused by using an independent balun for each dipole, and achieving the technical effect of reducing the complexity of the antenna feeding network. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become clearer from the following description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 A perspective view of a dipole antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0035] Figure 2 A perspective view of another dipole antenna array in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0036] Figure 3 This shows a top view of the array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 A perspective view of the array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0038] Figure 5 A top view of the over-the-top antenna in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0039] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the orientation of three dipole antenna arrays in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 7 A front view of the over-the-top antenna in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0041] Figure 8 A perspective view of the over-the-top antenna in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0042] Figure 9 A cross-sectional view of the radome in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0043] Figure 10 This diagram illustrates the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 11 This diagram illustrates the isolation of the array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 12 The diagram shows the E-plane radiation pattern of the dipole antenna array in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 13 The H-plane radiation pattern of the dipole antenna array in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0047] Figure 14 The diagram shows the radiation pattern of the over-the-top antenna in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the various drawings, the same elements are indicated by similar reference numerals. For clarity, the various parts in the drawings are not drawn to scale. Furthermore, some well-known parts may not be shown in the drawings.

[0049] Many specific details of the invention, such as the structure, materials, dimensions, processing methods, and techniques of the devices, are described below to provide a clearer understanding of the invention. However, as those skilled in the art will understand, the invention may be implemented without following these specific details.

[0050] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] The array antenna provided by this invention includes multiple dipole antenna arrays. Figure 1 The image shown is a 3D view of a dipole antenna array. Solid lines represent the visible portions of the 3D view, while dashed lines represent the hidden portions. (Refer to...) Figure 1 Each of the said dipole antenna arrays 100 includes:

[0052] The dielectric substrate 110 is a dielectric board with a thickness of 1 mm, such as a dielectric board of model Arlon AD260;

[0053] Multiple dipoles 120, each dipole 120 includes two oscillators, a first oscillator 121 and a second oscillator 122, which are respectively attached to opposite sides of the dielectric substrate 110 (the first oscillator 121 is shown as being attached to the front side of the dielectric substrate 110 by solid lines, and the second oscillator 122 is shown as being attached to the back side of the dielectric substrate 110 by dashed lines). The projection of one oscillator of each dipole 120 onto the opposite side of the dielectric substrate 110 is connected to the other oscillator and they have a common connection point Q.

[0054] The sub-power distribution network 130 is printed on one side of the dielectric substrate 110 and includes multiple output terminals, with each output terminal connected to a common connection point Q;

[0055] The input terminal P of the balun 140 and the sub-work divider network 130 in connect.

[0056] It should be noted that the common connection point Q is not necessarily circular. The common connection point Q passes through the dielectric substrate 110 and is connected to the two oscillators of each dipole 120.

[0057] It should be understood that the common connection point Q connecting each dipole 120 and the sub-power distribution network 130 is the feed point of that dipole 120, and the axis of symmetry of the two oscillators in each dipole 120 passes through its feed point. The balun 140 transmits electrical energy through the input terminal P of the sub-power distribution network 130. in The energy is input to the sub-power distribution network 130, which then inputs the electrical energy to each dipole 120 at the common connection point Q.

[0058] The array antenna provided in this embodiment of the invention achieves the purpose of coplanar design of dipoles 120 and sub-power divider network 130 by attaching two elements of each dipole 120 to both sides of the dielectric substrate 110 and printing sub-power divider network 130 on one side of the dielectric substrate 110. Then, a balun 140 is used to simultaneously feed all dipoles 120 in a dipole antenna array 100, thereby solving the technical problem of complex feeding network caused by using independent balun feeding for each dipole and achieving the technical effect of reducing the complexity of antenna feeding network.

[0059] The aforementioned dipole antenna array 100 includes four dipoles 120 with identical orientations, as shown in the figure. Figure 1 In each dipole 120, both the first oscillator 121 and the second oscillator 122 have a ring structure. Specifically, the first oscillator 121 and the second oscillator 122 adopt the following configuration: Figure 1 The hexagonal ring shown; the projection of one oscillator in each dipole 120 onto the opposite side of the dielectric substrate 110 is axially symmetric with respect to the other oscillator and includes mutually perpendicular transverse and longitudinal axes of symmetry, both of which pass through a common connection point Q. Specifically, the projection of one oscillator in each dipole 120 onto the opposite side of the dielectric substrate 110 is tangent to the other oscillator; the four dipoles 120 are arranged in a two-row, two-column array on the dielectric substrate, specifically, the two transverse axes of symmetry in the first row of two dipoles 120... C1C1' and C4C4' are on the same line, and the two vertical axes of symmetry QP1 and QP2 are parallel to each other; in the two dipoles 120 in the second row, the two horizontal axes of symmetry C2C2' and C3C3' are on the same line, and the two vertical axes of symmetry QP1 and QP2 are parallel to each other; in the two dipoles 120 in the first column, the two vertical axes of symmetry are on the same line and both are QP1, and the two horizontal axes of symmetry C3C3' and C4C4' are parallel to each other; in the two dipoles 120 in the second column, the two vertical axes of symmetry are on the same line and both are QP2, and the two horizontal axes of symmetry C1C1' and C2C2' are parallel to each other.

[0060] Furthermore, the aforementioned sub-power distribution network 130 is H-shaped, and includes four output terminals located at the four endpoints of the H-shape. Two parallel horizontal lines in the H-shape connect two common connection points of two vertically arranged dipoles. The input terminal P of the sub-power distribution network 130... in The power distribution network 130 is positioned at the midpoint of the vertical line in the I-shape; and if the four dipoles 120 have the same distribution orientation, the vertical line in the I-shape is arranged along the distribution orientation of the dipoles 120, that is, the two oscillators in the dipoles 120 are arranged along the direction pointed by the vertical line in the I-shape. Here, the sub-power distribution network 130 feeds the four dipoles 120 in parallel with a simple structure.

[0061] It should be noted that, Figure 1 The black dots Q, P1, and P2 shown are not antenna solder joints or other physical structures, but are simply points marked on the sub-power divider network 130 for clarity of description.

[0062] Figure 2 The image shown is another three-dimensional view of a dipole antenna array. (Refer to...) Figure 2 In an optional embodiment, the dipole antenna array 100 further includes a metal reflective cavity 150 with a planar bottom and an open top, wherein...

[0063] The dielectric substrate 110 is parallel to the bottom of the metal reflective cavity 150, and its projection on the bottom of the metal reflective cavity 150 is located at the exact center of the bottom of the metal reflective cavity 150.

[0064] The dielectric substrate 110 is disposed above the top of the metal reflective cavity 150 and at a distance of 0.25λ from the bottom of the metal reflective cavity 150, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the array antenna.

[0065] The balun 140 extends from outside the metal reflector cavity 150, through the bottom of the metal reflector cavity 150, and connects to the input terminal P of the sub-power divider network 130. in connect.

[0066] Specifically, the metal reflective cavity 150 is cubic in shape, and the frame height h of the cubic metal reflective cavity 150 is set to 0.11λ; the frame corners of the cubic metal reflective cavity 150 are arc-shaped to avoid the occurrence of tip discharge phenomenon.

[0067] In this embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned metal reflector cavity 150 is provided in the dipole antenna array 100, which weakens the signal transmission at the bottom of the metal reflector cavity 150, thereby improving the directivity of the dipole antenna array 100.

[0068] Figure 3 The image shown is a top view of the array antenna. Figure 4 The image shown is a 3D view of the array antenna. Combined with... Figure 3 and Figure 4 In one optional embodiment, the array antenna includes three dipole antenna arrays 100, and further includes a metal reflector 200 located below the three dipole antenna arrays 100. The bottom of the metal reflector cavity 150 of each dipole antenna array 100 is inclined at a 45° angle to the metal reflector 200. The three dipole antenna arrays 100 form a circle above the metal reflector 200, with the bottom of each metal reflector cavity 150 facing inwards from the circle, and the included angle between two adjacent dipole antenna arrays 100 is 120°.

[0069] Specifically, if the supporting surfaces of the three dipole antenna arrays 100 are labeled as the xy plane, then the metal reflector 200 is located below the xy plane (i.e., on the negative half-axis of the z-axis) and parallel to the xy plane, serving as the ground plane of the dipole antenna array 100; and the bottom of the metal reflecting cavity 150 of the dipole antenna array 100 is inclined at a 45° angle to the metal reflector 200, that is, Figure 2 The metal reflective cavity 150 shown has its sides A1A2 supported on the xy plane, and the bottom of the metal reflective cavity 150 is inclined at a 45° angle to the z-axis.

[0070] It should be noted that the included angle between two adjacent dipole antenna arrays 100 is 120°. That is, if the central longitudinal axis O1O2 at the bottom of each metal reflector cavity 150 is projected onto the xy plane and denoted as O1'O2', then... Figure 6 As shown, the three axes O1' and O2' all pass through a common point I0, and the three points O2' all fall on a circle centered at I0. The three axes O1' and O2' are spaced apart by an angle α, where α = 120°. Furthermore, the coordinate system xyz established in this embodiment of the invention has I0 as its origin.

[0071] The embodiments of the present invention achieve a compact array antenna structure and expand the signal coverage range through the reasonable arrangement of three dipole antenna arrays 100 spaced 120° apart.

[0072] Furthermore, combined with Figure 3 and Figure 5 The array antenna also includes a power divider network 300, printed on a substrate and attached above the metal reflector 200 (i.e., located on the positive half-axis of the z-axis). The power divider network 300 includes a power input start end 301 and a first output structure 302, a second output structure 303, and a third output structure 304 respectively connected to the start end 301. The ends of the first output structure 302, the second output structure 303, and the third output structure 304 are respectively connected to a balun 140 of a dipole antenna array 100. Specifically, the substrate 300 is a 0.76mm thick substrate. The start end 301 is connected to the first output structure 302, the second output structure 303, and the third output structure 304 via a 50Ω coaxial cable, thereby providing equal-amplitude and unidirectional signals to the three dipole antenna arrays 100 through the first output structure 302, the second output structure 303, and the third output structure 304. Thus, the aforementioned array antenna, while including the ground plane, also organizes the power supply network into a simple structure integrated with the metal reflector 200 through the total power divider network 300, and makes the metal reflector 200, the total power divider network 300 and the three dipole antenna arrays 100 compactly arranged.

[0073] The aforementioned balun 140 structures have a cross-section that gradually decreases from the beginning to the end, combined with... Figure 2 and Figure 3 Each balun 140 begins at the edge of the metal reflector 200 and is connected to the power output terminals of the first output structure 302, the second output structure 303, and the third output structure 304, respectively. The ends of each balun 140 are connected to the input terminal P of the power divider network 130. in One end of the connection. Thus, each of the above-mentioned baluns 140 is a tapered balun, and each of the above-mentioned dipole antenna arrays 100 achieves the purpose of adjusting the voltage impedance ratio by using tapered baluns.

[0074] In another alternative embodiment, the projection of the metal reflector 200 onto the xy-plane is located at the center of the area enclosed by the three metal reflector cavities 150, and the array antenna further includes an over-the-top antenna. In the following description, the direction along the positive z-axis is upward, and the direction along the negative z-axis is downward, referring to... Figure 7 and Figure 8 The over-the-top antenna 400 includes:

[0075] The dielectric substrate 401 is attached below the metal reflector 200, and its thickness is set to 2mm.

[0076] The metal probe 402 has one end located inside the dielectric substrate 401 and the other end serving as the feed point of the over-the-top antenna 400. It passes through the dielectric substrate 401 and the target insulating region 403 on the metal reflector 200. The target insulating region 403 is a region where the total power divider network 300 is not set above it. Therefore, the metal probe 402 will not pass through the total power divider network 300, which will prevent the metal probe 402 from interfering with the signal of the total power divider network 300.

[0077] The main radiating patch 404 is attached below the dielectric substrate 401 and provides the energy to be radiated through the metal probe 402.

[0078] Specifically, the aforementioned target insulation region 403 is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the probe 402 further penetrates longitudinally through the substrate 305, so that the feeding end of the probe 402 exits from the dielectric substrate 401, enters the target insulating region 403, and exits the target region 403, where it is exposed outside the substrate 305. Figure 5 Point M shown is the exposed power supply point of the metal probe 402, which facilitates convenient power supply.

[0079] It should be noted that the projection of the metal reflector 200 onto the xy plane is located at the center of the area enclosed by the three metal reflective cavities 150, meaning that the projection of the center of the metal reflector 200 onto the xy plane is... Figure 6 Point I0 is shown.

[0080] The aforementioned metal probe 402 provides the energy to be radiated to the main radiating patch 404. That is, after the probe is fed, it couples the energy into the adjacent main radiating patch 404 by radiating electromagnetic waves, thereby enabling the main radiating patch 404 to obtain the energy to be radiated.

[0081] Furthermore, the over-the-top antenna 400 also includes a dielectric partition 405 attached below the main radiating patch 404. Specifically, the dielectric partition 405 is made of 8.5mm thick foam board.

[0082] Furthermore, the over-the-top antenna 400 also includes a parasitic radiating patch 406. The parasitic radiating patch 406 is attached below the dielectric partition 405, thus separating it from the main radiating patch 404 by the dielectric partition 405. The dielectric constant of the parasitic radiating patch 406 is greater than that of the dielectric in free space, and it is designed as a disc along with the main radiating patch 404. The projection of the parasitic radiating patch 406 onto the plane of the main radiating patch 404 covers the main radiating patch 404. Here, the parasitic radiating patch 406 serves to enhance the signal radiation capability of the over-the-top antenna 400.

[0083] In this embodiment of the invention, the over-the-top antenna 400 included in the array antenna is attached below the metal reflector 200. Therefore, the over-the-top antenna 400 and the three dipole antenna arrays 100 share a common ground plane, thereby simplifying the antenna structure and further reducing the complexity of the array antenna feed network. Furthermore, the projection of the metal reflector 200 on the xy plane is located in the center of the area enclosed by the three metal reflector cavities 150. Therefore, the over-the-top antenna 400 has better signal transmission and reception directly below it. Thus, combined with the three dipole antenna arrays 100, the array antenna can achieve better 360° azimuth signal coverage.

[0084] In another alternative embodiment, the array antenna further includes a cavity-type radome, the cavity of which is used to house three dipole antenna arrays 100, an over-the-top antenna 400, a metal reflector 200, and a total power divider network 300. Specifically, the radome is part of a cavity-type sphere or ellipsoid. Figure 9 The image shown is a cross-sectional view of the radome in the xz plane. Figure 9 As shown, when the array antenna is located inside the radome, the z-axis passes through the center of the sphere, and the xy-plane and the cross-section of the partially hollow sphere or hollow ellipsoid (i.e., Figure 9 The radome is parallel to the plane that is perpendicular to the z-axis and contains the straight lines N1 and N2. The radome serves to protect the array antenna.

[0085] The array antenna provided in this embodiment of the invention has the advantages of compact structure and low complexity of feeding network, and is often used as a base station antenna and an airborne antenna. Taking its use as an airborne antenna as an example, the array antenna is used to transmit and receive signals below the aircraft. Therefore, when the airborne antenna is installed on the aircraft, the target plane is usually parallel to the horizontal plane of the aircraft.

[0086] The inventors tested the array antenna provided in the embodiments of the present invention. The test results showed that the array antenna reduces the complexity of the feed network without affecting the performance characteristics of the array antenna in terms of voltage standing wave ratio, isolation and radiation pattern.

[0087] Figure 10 The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention is shown, with reference to... Figure 10 The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the dipole antenna array 100 and the over-the-top antenna 400 is less than 1.8 across the entire frequency band from 2.3 GHz to 2.7 GHz.

[0088] Figure 11 The isolation of the array antenna in this embodiment of the invention is shown, with reference to... Figure 11 The antenna isolation of both the dipole antenna array 100 and the over-the-top antenna 400 is below -48dB, which meets the requirements for engineering use.

[0089] Figure 12 The diagram shows the E-plane radiation patterns of the dipole antenna array 100 in this embodiment of the invention at three frequency points: 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz, and 2.7 GHz (two boundary points and the midpoint of the entire frequency band from 2.3 GHz to 2.7 GHz were selected). Figure 13 The diagram illustrates the H-plane radiation patterns of the dipole antenna array 100 at three frequency points: 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz, and 2.7 GHz, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The solid line represents the radiation pattern formed by the realized gain at 2.7 GHz, the dashed line represents the radiation pattern formed by the realized gain at 2.3 GHz, and the dotted line represents the radiation pattern formed by the realized gain at 2.5 GHz. (Refer to...) Figure 12 and Figure 13 The main beam of the dipole antenna array in the working band is tilted down by 40° in the E-plane (i.e., the angle between it and the z-axis is Theta = 130°), which meets the design requirements, and the beam gain in the H-plane reaches a maximum of 7.5dB.

[0090] Figure 14The diagram illustrates the E-plane radiation patterns of the over-the-top antenna 400 at three frequency points: 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz, and 2.7 GHz, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Similarly, the solid line represents the radiation pattern formed by the Realized Gain at the 2.7 GHz frequency point, the dashed line represents the radiation pattern formed by the Realized Gain at the 2.3 GHz frequency point, and the dotted line represents the radiation pattern formed by the Realized Gain at the 2.5 GHz frequency point. (Refer to...) Figure 14 The gain of the over-the-top antenna 400 reaches its maximum value of 9.0 dB in the direction where the angle between it and the z-axis is Theta = 180°, and the gain difference between Theta = 0° and Theta = 180° is less than -16.5 dB.

[0091] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0092] Furthermore, in the above description, directional terms such as center, front, back, rear, left, right, top, bottom, upper, lower, lateral, and longitudinal, and metric terms such as thickness, height, and length, are defined relative to the structures shown in the accompanying drawings. These are relative concepts and may therefore vary depending on their location and usage. Therefore, these terms should not be interpreted as restrictive. Terms involving connections refer to the direct or indirect fixing or attachment of these structures to each other through intermediate structures, as well as movable or rigid attachments or relationships, unless otherwise explicitly stated.

[0093] As described above, these embodiments of the present invention do not exhaustively cover all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the above description. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to effectively utilize the invention and its modifications. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. An array antenna, characterized in that, The array antenna includes three dipole antenna arrays, each of which includes: dielectric substrate; Multiple dipoles, each dipole comprising two oscillators respectively attached to opposite sides of the dielectric substrate, wherein the projection of one oscillator on the opposite side of the dielectric substrate of each dipole is connected to the other oscillator and has a common connection point; The sub-power distribution network is printed on one side of the dielectric substrate and includes multiple output terminals, with each output terminal connected to a common connection point; The balun is connected to the input of the sub-power splitter network; The metal reflective cavity is cubic in shape, with a flat bottom and an open top. The height of the frame surrounding the metal reflective cavity is set to 0.11λ, and the corners of the frame are rounded. Wherein, the dielectric substrate is parallel to the bottom of the metal reflective cavity, and its projection on the bottom of the metal reflective cavity is located at the exact center of the bottom of the metal reflective cavity; The dielectric substrate is disposed above the top of the metal reflective cavity and at a distance of 0.25λ from the bottom of the metal reflective cavity, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the array antenna. The balun extends from outside the metal reflector cavity, passes through the bottom of the metal reflector cavity, and connects to the input of the sub-power divider network. The array antenna also includes: A metal reflector is located below the three dipole antenna arrays. The bottom of the metal reflector cavity of each dipole antenna array is inclined at a 45° angle to the metal reflector. The projection of the metal reflector on the horizontal plane is located at the center of the area enclosed by the three metal reflector cavities. The three dipole antenna arrays are arranged in a circle above the metal reflector, with the bottom of each metal reflector cavity facing inwards from the circle, and the included angle between two adjacent dipole antenna arrays is 120°. A total power divider network is printed on a substrate, and the substrate is attached to the metal reflector. The total power divider network includes a power input start end and a first output structure, a second output structure and a third output structure respectively connected to the start end. The ends of the first output structure, the second output structure and the third output structure are respectively connected to the balun of a dipole antenna array. An over-the-top antenna, comprising: a dielectric substrate attached below the metal reflector; a metal probe, one end of which is located inside the dielectric substrate, and the other end serving as the feed point of the over-the-top antenna, passing successively through a target insulating region on the dielectric substrate and the metal reflector, wherein the target insulating region is a region where the total power divider network is not located above; and a main radiating patch attached below the dielectric substrate, which provides the energy to be radiated through the metal probe.

2. The array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dipole antenna array includes four dipoles, wherein two elements in each dipole are in a ring structure, and the projection of one element in each dipole onto the opposite side of the dielectric substrate is axially symmetric with respect to the other element, including mutually perpendicular transverse and longitudinal axes of symmetry. The transverse and longitudinal axes of symmetry pass through the common connection point. The four dipoles are arranged in a two-row, two-column array on the dielectric substrate. The two transverse axes of symmetry of two dipoles in the same row are collinear and the two longitudinal axes of symmetry are parallel to each other. The two longitudinal axes of symmetry of two dipoles in the same column are collinear and the two transverse axes of symmetry are parallel to each other.

3. The array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sub-power distribution network is in the shape of an "I". The sub-power distribution network includes four output terminals located at the four ends of the "I". Two parallel horizontal lines in the "I" shape connect two common connection points of two vertically arranged dipoles. The input terminal of the sub-power distribution network is located at the midpoint of the vertical line in the "I".

4. The array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The over-the-top antenna also includes a dielectric partition plate attached below the main radiating patch.

5. The array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The over-the-top antenna also includes a parasitic radiating patch. The parasitic radiation patch is attached below the dielectric partition, and the projection of the parasitic radiation patch onto the plane where the main radiation patch is located covers the main radiation patch.

6. The array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The array antenna also includes a cavity-shaped radome, the cavity of which is used to carry the three dipole antenna arrays, the over-the-top antenna, the metal reflector, and the total power divider network.

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