A method of clean energy hybrid based on hydrogen ammonia electrofusion

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on hydrogen ammonia electric fusion's clean energy hybrid power method, including step 1) using circulating coolant heating to carry out cold start;Step 2) based on the temperature control system of steady-state error minimization carries out the establishment of hydrogen-ammonia-composite-energy model;Step 3) based on the establishment of hydrogen-ammonia-composite-energy model of heat cycle electric heating conversion efficiency maximization;Step 4) calculates hydrogen-ammonia-composite-energy output efficiency.The application better solves the problem of low efficiency of comprehensive energy system by the heat balance and water balance of hydrogen-ammonia-composite-energy system and the heat balance and water balance method of hydrogen-ammonia-composite-energy system, effectively improves the efficiency of energy system through the heat balance and water balance of hydrogen-ammonia-electric three clean energy systems.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a comprehensive energy power method, in particular to a clean energy hybrid power method based on hydrogen-ammonia electric fusion. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, China is in a historical transition stage from fossil energy as the main body to new energy as the main body, and strives to achieve the goal of "carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutralization in 2060". At present, the exhaust emission of gasoline engine leads to the continuous deterioration of urban air environment. Considering the large consumption of non-renewable resources such as oil. Hydrogen as a 61a carbon-free energy element can be obtained by electrolysis of water, can replace fossil fuels and meet global energy demand.

[0003] 61a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cel (PEMFC) is a kind of energy device that can provide power for Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV). PEMFC battery has fast and simple start-up and shutdown time, and is also suitable for long-distance endurance. However, due to the abnormal combustion of hydrogen fuel, the efficiency of PEMFC is only between 40 and 60% (Staffell, I., et al. The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system. Energy & Environ. Sci. 2018: 1-30.). Ammonia fuel has high octane value and can achieve good engine performance, but due to the toxicity and corrosion of ammonia, there are great problems in the exhaust emission treatment (Guo Pengyan, et al. Hydrogen and ammonia clean pollution-free carbon-free fuel application analysis on engine [J]. Automobile practical technology, 2016(4): 4.). Therefore, a hybrid power system needs to be designed to change the combustion properties of the mixed fuel, further improve the use efficiency of the fuel cell and the environmental protection requirements, and the electrochemical reaction involved in the typical proton exchange membrane fuel work is: (Singla, M.K., et al, Correction to: Hydrogen fuel and fuel cell technology for cleaner future: a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021(28): 15607-15626.).

[0004] In 2019, Guo Xiaokai et al. proposed an energy output control method, device and hydrogen fuel hybrid electric vehicle (authorized publication number: CN110549876B), which controls the fuel cell to work based on the power battery or controls the power battery to work through the small mileage control, which theoretically meets the energy management of clean energy, but this method only improves the service life of the power battery and does not solve the efficiency problem of hydrogen fuel hybrid power, and does not consider the technical problems such as large volume of liquid hydrogen storage device and heat generated by hydrogen fuel reaction under vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage technology.

[0005] In 2020, Li Qiushi et al. proposed a hydrogen-doped natural gas integrated energy system hydrogen production and storage device optimization capacity configuration method (application publication number: CN112736939A), which establishes a hydrogen-doped natural gas integrated energy system model to solve the optimal capacity configuration of hydrogen production and storage equipment; through energy conversion of hydrogen-doped natural gas, the energy storage mode is upgraded. However, natural gas cannot be used twice, and the consumption capacity of natural gas is still a technical bottleneck.

[0006] In 2021, Ji Changwei et al. proposed a hydrogen / ammonia dual-fuel engine and control method (application publication number: CN113586261A), which adjusts the injection time and pulse width of the hydrogen injector of the hydrogen supply system, and adjusts the injection time and pulse width of the ammonia injector of the ammonia supply system, so as to realize high efficiency and high power output and control knock. However, this method maintains the ammonia-hydrogen mixing ratio by detecting signals through a knock sensor, and if the knock condition cannot be eliminated, the ammonia injection amount needs to be increased all the time, which is a great risk, and ammonia is not recycled, which still has an impact on the environment.

[0007] In summary, the integrated energy system (IES) now replaces single energy supply with multiple energy forms such as refrigeration, heating and electricity storage, so as to further improve energy utilization. However, the current hybrid power system generally has the problems of low hydrogen fuel energy conversion rate and low energy recovery rate. SUMMARY

[0008] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a clean energy hybrid power method based on hydrogen-ammonia electric fusion, which can effectively utilize the heat balance and water balance of the system and improve the efficiency of the hybrid energy.

[0009] The purpose of the present application is achieved by a clean energy hybrid power method based on hydrogen-ammonia electric fusion, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1) cold start by heating with circulating coolant;

[0011] Step 2) Establishing a hydrogen-doped ammonia comprehensive energy model based on a temperature control system for minimizing steady-state error;

[0012] Step 3) Establishing a hydrogen-doped electric comprehensive energy model based on maximizing thermal cycle electric heat conversion efficiency;

[0013] Step 4) Calculating hydrogen-doped ammonia electric comprehensive energy output efficiency.

[0014] As a further limitation of the present application, the step 1) specifically includes:

[0015] Step 1.1) Providing oxygen to the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system through an oxygen system;

[0016] Step 1.2) Providing hydrogen to the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system through a hydrogen system;

[0017] Step 1.3) During hydrogen-oxygen fuel reaction, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system is maintained at a temperature between 65-70℃ through a heat sink.

[0018] As a further limitation of the present application, the step 2) specifically includes:

[0019] Step 2.1) Combustion of hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel;

[0020] Step 2.2) Hydrogen-doped ammonia comprehensive energy thermal balance based on minimizing temperature control steady-state error;

[0021] Step 2.3) Hydrogen-doped ammonia comprehensive energy horizontal balance based on pre-cooling heat exchange;

[0022] Step 2.4) Hydrogen-doped ammonia comprehensive energy voltage steady-state output E out .

[0023] As a further limitation of the present application, the step 3) specifically includes:

[0024] Step 3.1) Hydrogen-doped electric comprehensive energy voltage output;

[0025] Step 3.2) Hydrogen-doped electric comprehensive energy thermal balance based on maximum electric heat conversion efficiency;

[0026] Step 3.3) Hydrogen-doped electric comprehensive energy horizontal balance based on minimizing total water migration.

[0027] As a further limitation of the present application, the step 2.1) specifically includes:

[0028] During actual combustion, nitrogen oxides NO, NO2 and incomplete combustion NH3 are produced, among which NH3 and NO2 in hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel can effectively improve efficiency, and the main chemical formula of the reaction is:

[0029]

[0030] wherein M is the molar mass, the supply of hydrogen is gradually increased as the concentration of nitrogen oxides NO2 increases; the nitrogen-based elementary reactions gradually replace the hydrogen-based elementary reactions as the pressure of nitrogen oxides and hydrogen increases; at this time, the excess nitrogen oxides NO are eliminated using an SCR catalyst, and the chemical reaction is:

[0031]

[0032] The flow rates of hydrogen and oxygen are calculated according to the stoichiometry, the fuel composition is kept constant at 20% by volume of the hydrogen-oxygen mixture and 80% by volume of ammonia, all the nitrogen oxides are eliminated using the SCR catalyst, and the ammonia molecules are completely combusted;

[0033] The hydrogen supply system is connected to the hydrogen through a throttle valve, the ammonia supply system is connected to the ammonia through a throttle valve, the pressure sensor displays normally within 1.2 times the working pressure, the hydrogen-ammonia reaction generates heat energy which is exchanged through a heat conversion system to do work on the load and charge the battery, thereby achieving the input of voltage; under the assumption that the charging voltage of the battery is equal to the rated working voltage of the battery without considering energy loss, the input voltage of the battery is E in :

[0034] E out = E in = δ .0 Q 氢氨 (3)

[0035] wherein δ .0 is the heat exchange coefficient, Q 氢氨 is the input heat of the hydrogen-ammonia mixture fuel, and E out is the output electric quantity of the hydrogen-ammonia mixture fuel in step 2.4), and at the same time, it provides part of the voltage output of the hydrogen-electric comprehensive energy source.

[0036] As a further limitation of the present application, step 2.2) specifically comprises:

[0037] A large amount of heat is released during the hydrogen-ammonia reaction, in order to ensure the effective utilization of heat, the normalized heat release rate can be represented as:

[0038]

[0039] wherein W Y is the total volume of the reaction gas, W CO is the volume of CO in the reaction gas; is the volume of CO2 in the reaction gas; W NO is the volume of NO in the reaction gas; is the volume of O2 in the reaction gas; is the volume of H2O in the reaction gas; is the volume amount of NH3 in the reaction gas;

[0040]

[0041] c average is the average constant pressure specific heat capacity of the reaction gas, and a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 are component coefficients, and c NO , are the constant pressure specific heat capacities of NO, NO2, N2O, N2, H2O, and NH2, respectively;

[0042]

[0043] wherein Q 损失 is the lost heat in the hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel; T2 is the reaction temperature of the mixed fuel, and T1 is the atmospheric temperature;

[0044] According to the heat balance, the heat of the input gas is equal to the sum of the effective utilization heat and the lost heat, and therefore, the heat of the hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy is represented as:

[0045] Q 氢氨 = Q 氢 + Q 氨 - Q 损失 (7)

[0046] wherein Q 氢 , Q 氨 are the input heat of the hydrogen and ammonia fuel combustion, respectively; Q 氢氨 is the input heat of the mixed fuel; the minimum temperature control steady-state error needs to make Q 损失 minimum, and the mixed fuel input heat Q 氢氨 is maximum.

[0047] As a further limitation of the present application, step 2.3) specifically includes: the ammonia molecules will produce nitrogen oxides HNO, NO and incomplete combustion of nitrogen-hydrogen compounds NH2, NH3, NH, N2H4, N2H3, N2H2, NNH during actual combustion; with the increase of the pressure of the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture, the following reactions will mainly occur:

[0048]

[0049] wherein formula (8) is a chain termination reaction, and the OH free radicals are reduced by high pressure, the reduction of the active O / H free radical pool leads to the reduction of nitric oxide, the reduction of nitric oxide leads to the further reaction of NH2 and water, the OH free radicals are further reduced, and finally the heat balance of the hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy is reached, and the reaction formula is as follows:

[0050]

[0051] Therefore, the pressure of the hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy is adjusted by adjusting the hydrogen supply system and the ammonia supply system to meet the water balance of the hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy.

[0052] As a further limitation of the application, the step 2.4) specifically comprises: maintaining the ammonia supply amount and the cooling water supply amount to be stable, at which time the output voltage E' of step 2.1) is outputted. out The hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy voltage is stably outputted.

[0053] The above technical solutions are adopted in the application, and compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that: 1) a system model of the hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy is established, ammonia is used as an inhibitor of the hydrogen-oxygen reaction by the ammonia supply system, the stable reaction of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel is maintained, the excess unreacted ammonia is recovered by the cooling water supply system, the heat balance of the hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy is maintained, and the supply amount of the ammonia is adjusted to reduce OH free radicals under high pressure, so that the water balance of the hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy is maintained. The supply amounts of oxygen and hydrogen are further controlled in real time through feedback of the water balance and the heat balance, and the stable charging work of the battery is completed; 2) a system model of the hydrogen-electric comprehensive energy is established, the gas pressure is adjusted by adjusting the hydrogen supply amount, the water balance of the hydrogen-electric comprehensive energy is maintained, the heat balance of the hydrogen-electric comprehensive energy is maintained by the cooling water supply system, and the heat environment can be determined according to the maximum voltage output power, so that the efficiency is further improved, and the circulating water pump is powered. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 Flowchart of the application.

[0055] Figure 2 Structure diagram of the application for heating and cold starting of the circulating cooling liquid.

[0056] Figure 3 Ignition reaction equation diagram under the condition of sufficient ammonia of the application.

[0057] Figure 4 System model diagram of the hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy of the application.

[0058] Figure 5 System model diagram of the hydrogen-electric comprehensive energy of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] As Figure 1 shown in a kind of clean energy hybrid power based on hydrogen-ammonia electric fusion, comprising the following steps:

[0060] Step 1) utilizes circulating cooling liquid heating to carry out cold starting;Water is heated to be warmed, and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system is heated by the cooling liquid, and the temperature of the circulating cooling system is controlled at 65-70 degrees Celsius by the radiator, and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system is preheated to ensure that the reaction is safe and efficient.​​

[0061] Step 1.1) providing oxygen to the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system through the oxygen system;

[0062] The oxygen supply system includes an oxygen cylinder, an oxygen inlet pipeline, a throttle valve, an oxygen laminar flow meter, and an oxygen outlet pipeline. When the throttle valve is opened, oxygen is introduced into the oxygen inlet pipeline, and the oxygen supply amount is corrected by the feedback signal of the oxygen laminar flow meter to control the throttle valve: the oxygen outlet pipeline is connected to the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system, ready for the hydrogen-oxygen reaction to occur.

[0063] Step 1.2) providing hydrogen to the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system through the hydrogen system;

[0064] The hydrogen supply system includes a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen inlet pipeline, a throttle valve, a hydrogen laminar flow meter, and a hydrogen outlet pipeline. When the throttle valve is opened, hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen inlet pipeline, and the hydrogen supply amount is corrected by the feedback signal of the hydrogen laminar flow meter to control the throttle valve: the hydrogen outlet pipeline is connected to the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system, ready for the hydrogen-oxygen reaction to occur.

[0065] Step 1.3) during the hydrogen-oxygen fuel reaction, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system is maintained at a temperature between 65-70℃ through the radiator;

[0066] As shown in Figure 2 , the hydrogen-oxygen fuel reaction occurs, and the temperature changes. At this time, the circulating water pump flows the cooling liquid in the pipeline, absorbs heat when passing through the hydrogen-oxygen reactor, and releases heat when passing through the radiator, so that the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system is maintained at a temperature between 65-70℃. When the temperature of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system is lower than 65℃, the shunt valve is closed, and the cooling liquid does not pass through the radiator and flows back to the inside of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system, causing the temperature to rise; when the temperature of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system is higher than 70℃, the shunt valve is opened, and the cooling water with heat flows into the radiator. In the radiator, the wind blows through the pipeline and transfers heat to the cooling liquid in the pipeline, bringing the heat of the cooling liquid to the air, reducing the temperature of the cooling water, and then sending the low-temperature cooling water into the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system for the next cycle. The circulating water pump uses a feedforward combined PID control method, and the control module adjusts the water pump speed and the radiator according to the feedback current value in the control loop.

[0067] Step 2) establishing a hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel comprehensive energy model based on a temperature control system with minimum steady-state error;

[0068] Step 2.1) combustion of hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel;

[0069] When the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system is at a temperature between 65-70℃, the ammonia molecule is completely combusted to generate N2 and H2O, but in actual combustion, nitrogen oxides NO, NO2 and incompletely combusted NH3 are produced, wherein NH3 and NO2 in the hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel can effectively improve the efficiency, and the main chemical formula of the reaction is:

[0070]

[0071] wherein M is the molar mass, as the concentration of nitrogen oxide NO2 increases, the supply of hydrogen gradually increases; as the pressure of nitrogen oxide and hydrogen increases, the nitrogen-based basic reaction gradually replaces the hydrogen-based basic reaction; at this time, the SCR catalyst is used to eliminate nitrogen oxide NO, and the chemical reaction formula is:

[0072]

[0073] According to the stoichiometric calculation of the flow rate of hydrogen and oxygen, the fuel composition is constant at 20% by volume of hydrogen and oxygen and 80% by volume of ammonia, so that the SCR catalyst eliminates all nitrogen oxides, and the complete combustion of the ammonia molecule is maximized.

[0074] As shown in Figure 4 , the hydrogen supply system is connected to the hydrogen through the throttle valve 1, and the ammonia supply system is connected to the ammonia through the throttle valve 2, and when the working pressure is within 1.2 times, the pressure sensor displays normally, the hydrogen-ammonia reaction stack generates heat energy through the heat conversion system, i.e. the heat energy is converted into electric energy, which does work on the load and charges the battery, realizing the input of voltage; without considering energy loss, assuming that the battery charging voltage is equal to the rated working voltage of the battery, then the input voltage of the battery is E in :

[0075] E out = E in = δ .0 Q 氢氨 (3)

[0076] wherein δ .0 is the heat transfer coefficient, Q 氢氨 is the input heat of the hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel, and E out is the output electric quantity of the hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel in step 2.4), which also provides part of the voltage output of the hydrogen-electric comprehensive energy source.

[0077] Step 2.2) is based on the minimum steady-state error of temperature control to balance the hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy heat;

[0078] A large amount of heat is released during the hydrogen-ammonia reaction, in order to ensure the effective utilization of heat, the normalized heat release rate can be represented as:

[0079]

[0080] wherein W Y is the total volume of the reaction gas, W CO is the volume of CO in the reaction gas; is the volume of CO2 in the reaction gas; W NO is the volume of NO in the reaction gas; is the volume of O2 in the reaction gas; is the volume of H2O in the reaction gas; is the volume of NH3 in the reaction gas;

[0081]

[0082] c average is the average constant-pressure specific heat capacity of the reaction gas, and a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 are component coefficients, c NO , are the constant-pressure specific heat capacities of NO, NO2, N2O, N2, H2O, and NH3, respectively;

[0083]

[0084] wherein Q 损失 is the lost heat in the hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel; T2 is the reaction temperature of the mixed fuel, and T1 is the atmospheric temperature;

[0085] According to the heat balance, the heat input by the gas is equal to the sum of the effective utilization heat and the lost heat, and therefore, the heat of the hydrogen-ammonia mixed energy is represented as:

[0086] Q 氢氨 = Q 氢 + Q 氨 - Q 损失 (7)

[0087] wherein Q 氢 , Q 氨 are the heat input by the combustion of hydrogen and ammonia fuel, respectively; Q 氢氨 is the heat input by the mixed fuel; therefore, the minimum temperature control steady-state error requires that Q 损失 is minimized, and the maximum heat input by the mixed fuel Q 氢氨 is satisfied; when the temperature is too high, the cooling water supply system is adjusted to avoid excessive heat of the hydrogen-ammonia mixed energy, the circulating water pump is used to make the cooling liquid flow in the pipeline, further absorbs heat when passing through the hydrogen-oxygen reactor, and the throttle valve is closed to release heat without passing through the radiator; the supply amount of hydrogen is adjusted to make ammonia the main body of the reaction, and to avoid excessive low heat of the hydrogen-ammonia mixed energy.

[0088] Step 2.3) hydrogen-ammonia mixed energy water balance based on pre-cooling heat exchange;

[0089] As Figure 3 shown, ammonia molecules can eventually be completely decomposed into N2ammonia molecules in ideal combustion, and nitrogen oxides HNO, NO and incomplete combustion of nitrogen hydrogen compounds NH2, NH3, NH, N2H4, N2H3, N2H2, NNH will be produced in actual combustion; with the increase of the pressure of hydrogen-doped ammonia mixture, the following reactions will mainly occur:

[0090]

[0091] wherein formula (8) is a chain termination reaction, OH free radicals are reduced by high pressure, and the reduction of active O / H free radical pool leads to the reduction of nitrogen monoxide (Somarathne KDKA, Hatakeyama S, Hayakawa A, Kobayashi H. Numerical study of a low emission gas turbine like combustor for turbulent ammonia / air premixed swirl flames with a secondary air injection at high pressure. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2017; 42: 27388-99.). Nitric oxide reduction leads to further reaction of NH2and water, further reduction of OH free radicals, and finally to the water balance of hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy, the reaction formula is as follows:

[0092]

[0093] Therefore, by adjusting the hydrogen supply system and the ammonia supply system to adjust the pressure of the hydrogen-doped ammonia comprehensive energy to meet the water balance of the hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy.

[0094] Step 2.4) Steady-state output voltage E of hydrogen-doped ammonia comprehensive energy out .

[0095] When the ammonia supply amount and the cooling water supply amount are maintained to be steady, the output voltage E' out of step 2.1) is the steady-state output voltage of the hydrogen-doped ammonia comprehensive energy. At the same time, the output voltage of the hydrogen-doped ammonia comprehensive energy is the continuous power supply of the circulating water pump of step 1.3).

[0096] Step 3) Establishment of hydrogen-doped electric comprehensive energy model based on maximum thermal cycle electric heat conversion efficiency;

[0097] Step 3.1) Voltage output of hydrogen-doped electric comprehensive energy

[0098] The steady-state output power E' of the hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel obtained in step 2.4) out and the actual output voltage V of the fuel cell system out It can be represented as:

[0099] V out =n(E' out -V A -V Ω -V C (10)

[0100] In the formula: n is the number of batteries; V A The activation loss voltage; V Ω This is the ohmic impedance voltage; V C This is a concentration difference overvoltage.

[0101] like Figure 5 As shown, the actual voltage output of the hydrogen-electric integrated energy is converted by a DC / DC converter. Part of the voltage is temporarily stored in the supercapacitor to power the circulating water pump in step 1), and the remaining voltage is used for powering the accessories, the battery, and the motor controller to drive the load. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the output voltage is maximized. When the accessories or the battery need additional voltage, the supercapacitor will provide it first.

[0102] The ideal thermodynamic open-circuit voltage of a hydrogen-electric integrated energy source is generally affected by factors such as its operating temperature, the effective pressure of oxygen, and the effective pressure of hydrogen. According to the resistivity theorem, the Ohmic impedance voltage of a hydrogen-electric integrated energy source can be expressed as:

[0103] V Ω =I(R) M +R C (11)

[0104] Where I is the output current of the hydrogen-electric integrated energy source, and R... M R is the equivalent membrane impedance of the proton membrane. C The impedance that prevents protons from passing through the submembrane is generally a constant.

[0105] The activation loss voltage V generated by the hydrogen-electric integrated energy source at the anode and cathode A , can be represented as:

[0106] V A =ζ1+ζ2T+ζ3Tlnc(O2)+ζ4TlnI 负 (12)

[0107] Among them, I 负 ζ1, ζ2, ζ3, ζ4 are the load current for the fuel cell operation; c(O2) is the dissolved oxygen concentration; ζ1, ζ2, ζ3, ζ4 are coefficients used to calculate the fuel cell model parameters.

[0108] Hydrogen-electric comprehensive energy concentration difference overvoltage V C The expression is:

[0109]

[0110] In the formula, b is the equation coefficient, I max is the limiting current.

[0111] In summary, the maximum output voltage of the hydrogen-electric comprehensive energy can be expressed as:

[0112]

[0113] Step 3.2) Hydrogen-doped electric comprehensive energy heat balance based on maximum electro-thermal conversion efficiency;

[0114] The heat expression of the hydrogen-electric comprehensive energy is Q in = I (1.481-V out ), where I is the output current of the hydrogen-electric comprehensive energy; (Qin Jingyu, Xu Peng, Wang Lisheng, et al. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) engine cycle water management model [J]. Solar Energy, 2001(4): 385-389.).

[0115] The heat expression of the hydrogen-electric comprehensive energy is Q out = Q out = Q W + Q H + Q other , in which Q W is the heat carried away by the circulating cooling water; Q H is the heat carried away by thermal radiation; Q other is the heat carried away by the exhaust gas of the hydrogen-electric comprehensive energy.

[0116] Due to the heat balance, the heat balance equation is as follows:

[0117] I (1.481-V out ) = ΔQ W + ΔQ H + ΔQ other (16)

[0118] The heat balance of the hydrogen-electric comprehensive energy is mainly affected by factors such as output voltage V out , output current I, etc.

[0119]

[0120] Where τ W is the thermal efficiency of the hydrogen-electric comprehensive energy, W is the volume of circulating cooling water, t W is the time of circulating cooling water through the pipeline; therefore, by adjusting the cooling water supply, the heat dissipation can be controlled to meet τW Maximize, so as to achieve the thermal balance of PEMFC.

[0121] Step 3.3) Based on the total amount of water migration, hydrogen-doped electricity comprehensive energy level balance is carried out;

[0122] The total amount of water migration Φ in hydrogen-doped electricity comprehensive energy W Can be expressed as:

[0123]

[0124] In the formula: λ is the water content of PEM membrane (proton exchange membrane); I is the output current; F is the Faraday constant; P is the pressure (Pa); μ is the viscosity of water 3.565×10 -4 Pa·s; D m is the diffusion coefficient of water in the membrane; C s is the concentration of sulfonic acid group (mol / cm 3 ); C W is the concentration of water (mol / cm 3 ); k p is the permeability coefficient of water in the membrane;

[0125] From the above formula, the total amount of water migration in hydrogen-doped electricity comprehensive energy is positively correlated with the gas pressure P 氢电-氢 of hydrogen. Therefore, adjusting the hydrogen supply amount can achieve the level balance of hydrogen-doped electricity comprehensive energy. Using Gauss Newton method, the total amount of water migration Φ W is minimized

[0126]

[0127] The suitable gas pressure P 氢电-氢 of hydrogen is finally obtained, and the ammonia supply amount is controlled to ensure that the gas pressure of hydrogen-doped ammonia electricity comprehensive energy is constant.

[0128] Step 4) Calculate the output efficiency of hydrogen-doped ammonia electricity comprehensive energy.

[0129] Multiply the ideal output efficiency by a coefficient to reflect the real output efficiency:

[0130]

[0131] In the formula, m f represents the utilization rate of fuel cell, V cell represents the output voltage of fuel cell single body; E out is the output electric quantity of hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel; I 工作 represents the actual working current of fuel cell, so that the output voltage is maximum, and the output efficiency of hydrogen-doped ammonia electricity comprehensive energy is highest.

[0132] The present application uses circulating cooling liquid heating to carry out cold start, ensures combustion of hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel at 65-70 DEG C, and ensures heat balance of the hydrogen-ammonia mixed energy system by adjusting the cooling water supply system and the hydrogen supply system, and ensures water balance of the hydrogen-ammonia mixed energy system by adjusting the hydrogen supply system and the ammonia supply system. The voltage output of the hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel is hydrogen-doped electricity mixed energy voltage output. The method solves the problem of low efficiency of the mixed energy system by heat balance and water balance of the hydrogen-ammonia mixed energy system, and effectively improves the energy system efficiency by heat balance and water balance of the hydrogen-ammonia electricity three clean energy systems.

[0133] The present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and on the basis of the technical solutions disclosed in the present application, those skilled in the art can make some substitutions and modifications to some technical features according to the disclosed technical content without creative labor, and these substitutions and modifications are all within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of clean energy hybridization based on hydrogen ammonia electrofusion, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1) cold start by using circulating cooling liquid heating; Step 2) hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy model establishment based on temperature control system for minimizing steady-state error; The step 2) specifically comprises: Step 2.1) hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel combustion; Step 2.2) hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy heat balance based on temperature control steady-state error minimization; Step 2.3) hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy water balance based on pre-cooling heat exchange; Step 2.4) Hydrogen-doped ammonia combined energy voltage steady-state output E out ; Step 3) hydrogen-ammonia electric comprehensive energy model establishment based on maximum thermal cycle electric-thermal conversion efficiency; The step 3) specifically comprises: Step 3.1) hydrogen-ammonia electric comprehensive energy voltage output; Step 3.2) hydrogen-ammonia electric comprehensive energy heat balance based on maximum electric-thermal conversion efficiency; Step 3.3) hydrogen-ammonia electric comprehensive energy water balance based on minimum total water migration amount; Step 4) hydrogen-ammonia electric comprehensive energy output efficiency calculation.

2. A method of clean energy hybrid based on hydrogen ammonia electrofusion according to claim 1, characterized by, The step 1) specifically comprises: Step 1.1) providing oxygen for the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system through an oxygen system; Step 1.2) providing hydrogen for the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system through a hydrogen system; Step 1.3) when the hydrogen-oxygen fuel reacts, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel system is kept at a temperature of 65-70 DEG C through a radiator.

3. A method of clean energy hybrid based on hydrogen ammonia electrofusion according to claim 1, characterized by, The step 2.1) specifically comprises: During actual combustion, nitrogen oxides NO, NO2 and incompletely combusted NH3 are generated, wherein NH3 and NO2 in the hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel can effectively improve efficiency, and the main chemical formula of the reaction is: Wherein M is molar mass, with the increase of the concentration of nitrogen oxide NO2, the supply of hydrogen gradually increases; with the increase of the pressure of nitrogen oxide and hydrogen, the nitrogen-based basic reaction gradually replaces the hydrogen-based basic reaction; at this time, the excess nitrogen oxide NO is eliminated by using an SCR catalyst, and the chemical reaction formula is: According to the stoichiometric calculation of the flow rates of hydrogen and oxygen, the fuel composition is kept constant at 20% volume of hydrogen-oxygen mixed gas and 80% volume of ammonia gas, so that the SCR catalyst eliminates all nitrogen oxides, and the ammonia molecules are completely combusted; The hydrogen supply system is connected with hydrogen through a throttle valve, and the ammonia supply system is connected with ammonia through a throttle valve. When the working pressure is within 1.2 times, the pressure sensor shows normal, the hydrogen-oxygen reactor generates heat energy through the heat conversion system, and the load is powered, and the battery is charged, so as to realize the input of voltage. Assuming that the battery charging voltage is equal to the rated working voltage of the battery without considering energy loss, the input voltage of the battery is E in : E out = E in = δ .0 Q 氢氨 (3) wherein δ .0 is the heat exchange coefficient, Q 氢氨 is the hydrogen-ammonia hybrid fuel input heat, E out is the hydrogen-ammonia hybrid fuel output electric power of step 2.4), while being the voltage output of the hydrogen-electric hybrid energy supply.

4. A method of clean energy hybrid based on hydrogen ammonia electrofusion according to claim 1, characterized by, The step 2.2) specifically comprises: During the hydrogen-ammonia reaction, a large amount of heat is released, in order to ensure the maximum effective utilization of heat, the normalized heat release rate is represented as: wherein W Y is the total volume of the reaction gas, W CO is the volume of CO in the reaction gas; is the volume of CO2 in the reaction gas; W NO is the volume of NO in the reaction gas; is the volume of O2 in the reaction gas; is the volume of H2O in the reaction gas; is the volume of NH3 in the reaction gas; c average Cp,α1,α2,α3,α4,α5,α6 are the average constant pressure specific heat capacities of the reaction gas, the composition coefficients, and NO , Cp,α1,α2,α3,α4,α5,α6 are the average constant pressure specific heat capacities of the reaction gas, the composition coefficients, and wherein Q 损失 is the heat loss in the hydrogen-ammonia mixture fuel; T2 is the reaction temperature of the mixture fuel, and T1 is the atmospheric temperature. According to the heat balance, the heat of the input gas is equal to the sum of the effective utilization heat and the loss heat, therefore, the heat of the hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy is represented as: Wherein, Q 氢 Q 氨 are the heat input of hydrogen and ammonia fuel combustion respectively; Q 氢氨 is the heat input of mixed fuel; the minimum temperature control steady-state error requires Q 损失 to be minimum, and the maximum heat input of mixed fuel Q 氢氨 is required to meet Q 5. A method of clean energy hybrid based on hydrogen ammonia electrofusion according to claim 1, characterized by, The step 2.3) specifically comprises: during actual combustion of ammonia molecules, nitrogen oxides HNO, NO and incompletely combusted nitrogen-hydrogen compounds NH2, NH3, NH, N2H4, N2H3, N2H2, NNH are generated; with the increase of the pressure of the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture, the following reactions are mainly generated: Wherein formula (8) is a chain termination reaction, OH free radicals are reduced by high pressure, the reduction of the active O / H free radical pool leads to the reduction of nitric oxide, the reduction of nitric oxide leads to further reaction of NH2 and water, OH free radicals are further reduced, and finally the water balance of the hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy is achieved, and the reaction formula is as follows: Therefore, by adjusting the hydrogen supply system and the ammonia supply system, the pressure of the hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy is adjusted to meet the water balance of the hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy.

6. A method of clean energy hybrid based on hydrogen ammonia electrofusion according to claim 3, characterized by, The step 2.4) specifically includes: when the ammonia supply amount and the cooling water supply amount are maintained to be steady, at this time the output voltage E' of the step 2.1) out is the steady-state output of the hydrogen-doped ammonia comprehensive energy voltage.

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