Input-output circuits, electronic devices, and vehicles

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an input-output circuit, an electronic device and a vehicle, wherein the circuit includes a signal output and an input unit. The signal output unit includes a first triode: its collector is connected between a first power supply and a circuit IO terminal through a first pull-up resistor, and the circuit IO terminal serves as a signal output terminal of the signal output unit; its emitter is grounded; and its base is connected to an output terminal of a control unit through a first voltage-dividing resistor. The signal input unit includes a second triode: its base is connected in parallel to one end of a second voltage-dividing resistor and a third voltage-dividing resistor, the other end of the second voltage-dividing resistor is grounded, and the other end of the third voltage-dividing resistor is connected between the first pull-up resistor and the circuit IO terminal, and the circuit IO terminal serves as a signal input terminal of the signal input unit; its emitter is grounded; its collector is connected to an input terminal of the control unit, and is connected to a second power supply through a second pull-up resistor. The circuit is compatible with 12V and 24V vehicle power supplies, and can be applied to unmanned vehicles / autonomous driving vehicles, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to an input-output circuit, an electronic device and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In the field of unmanned vehicles or autonomous driving vehicles, ultrasonic waves can be used to achieve distance detection, obstacle detection, etc. In some application scenarios, digital circuits can be used to realize the functions of ultrasonic waves.

[0003] However, in the existing digital circuit-based ultrasonic circuit solutions, the designed circuit only supports 12V input or 24V input, and the same circuit cannot achieve compatible input of vehicle power supplies with different amplitudes such as 12V and 24V. In addition, the external input voltage of the circuit cannot exceed the IO voltage threshold, otherwise there is a risk of burning the device. For ultrasonic circuits, different echo signals may have the situation where the external input voltage exceeds the IO voltage threshold of internal components. It is difficult to avoid this risk in the existing ultrasonic circuit structure based on digital circuits. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems or at least partially solve the above technical problems, embodiments of the present disclosure provide an input-output circuit, an electronic device and a vehicle.

[0005] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an input-output circuit. The input-output circuit includes: a signal output unit and a signal input unit. The signal output unit includes: a first triode, the collector of the first triode is connected between the first power supply and the circuit IO (input-output) end through a first pull-up resistor, and the circuit IO end serves as the signal output end of the signal output unit; the emitter of the first triode is grounded; the base of the first triode is connected to the output end of the control unit through a first voltage-dividing resistor. The signal input unit includes: a second triode, the base of the second triode is connected in parallel to one end of the second voltage-dividing resistor and the third voltage-dividing resistor, the other end of the second voltage-dividing resistor is grounded, and the other end of the third voltage-dividing resistor is connected between the first pull-up resistor and the circuit IO end, and the circuit IO end serves as the signal input end of the signal input unit; the emitter of the second triode is grounded; the collector of the second triode is connected to the input end of the control unit (the collector of the second triode) and is connected to the second power supply through a second pull-up resistor.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the resistance values ​​of the second voltage-dividing resistor and the third voltage-dividing resistor are set to meet the following conditions: the input voltage of the external input signal × (the resistance value of the second voltage-dividing resistor / (the resistance value of the second voltage-dividing resistor + the resistance value of the third voltage-dividing resistor) < the voltage V of the second transistorBE , voltage V BE Represents the voltage between the base and emitter of the second transistor.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the input-output circuit further includes a unidirectional diode, which is arranged between the first power supply and the collector of the first transistor, and the side of the unidirectional diode close to the first power supply is a positive pole.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the signal output unit further includes a capacitor, one end of which is connected between the first voltage-dividing resistor and the base of the first transistor, and the other end of which is grounded.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the input-output circuit further includes a protection diode, one end of which is connected between the first pull-up resistor and the circuit IO terminal, and the other end of which is grounded.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the protection diode includes one of the following diodes: an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection diode and a transient voltage suppressor (TVS) diode.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the control unit is a microcontroller (MCU) of the vehicle, the first power supply is the vehicle's on-board power supply, the second power supply is the operating voltage of the microcontroller, and the input and output circuit is compatible with on-board power supplies of different amplitudes.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first transistor and the second transistor operate in a saturated state, and the input-output circuit is an ultrasonic circuit or a level conversion circuit. When the input-output circuit is an ultrasonic circuit, the output signal of the control unit is used to control the on-off state of the base of the first transistor so that the circuit IO terminal outputs a signal of a preset waveform; the control unit is also used to generate a new output signal according to the echo signal received from the circuit IO terminal.

[0013] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising the input-output circuit as described above. In one embodiment, the electronic device is a level converter or an electronic device having ultrasonic transmission and reception functions.

[0014] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a vehicle, wherein the vehicle includes the input-output circuit as described above or the electronic device as described above.

[0015] The above technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure has at least some or all of the following advantages:

[0016] (1) Since the signal output terminal and the signal input terminal correspond to the same circuit IO terminal, the output channel plays the role of a pull-up resistor as the input channel, and the strength of the pull-up is achieved by adjusting the resistance value of the first pull-up resistor. The structural design is ingenious and concise, and the setting of the first pull-up resistor enables the input-output circuit to be compatible with first power supplies of different amplitudes (for example, 12V and 24V of the vehicle power supply); based on the setting of the second pull-up resistor, no matter whether the second transistor is in any on-off state, it is helpful to adjust the input voltage of the control unit within the threshold range, and can be compatible with vehicle power supplies of different amplitudes as an ultrasonic circuit. When used as an ultrasonic circuit, it can realize the transmission of waveforms and the detection of echoes, and has a wide range of applications; at the same time, based on the setting of the first voltage-dividing resistor, the second voltage-dividing resistor and the third voltage-dividing resistor, the on-off of the first transistor and the second transistor is effectively controlled while avoiding breakdown, and can adapt to the fluctuation of the external input signal (for example, the echo signal) and the output signal of the internal control unit (for example, the output of the microcontroller of the car) within a certain range, and has good reliability.

[0017] (2) A unidirectional diode is provided between the first power supply and the collector of the first transistor to form a reverse connection protection. Thus, when the IO terminal of the circuit is reversely connected to the power supply (external power supply or internal power supply), when the first transistor is in the on state, the current will not be reversely fed to the first pull-up resistor and the first power supply, but will be introduced to the ground through the emitter of the first transistor, thereby playing the role of reverse connection protection of the power supply. In addition, when the IO terminal of the circuit is short-circuited to GND (ground), due to the existence of the first pull-up resistor, the safety of the circuit can be ensured by reasonably setting its resistance value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0020] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the input-output circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0021] Figure 2Schematically showing (a) a schematic diagram of the working state of the signal output unit of the input-output circuit of the embodiment of the present disclosure and (b) the output signal timing corresponding to the control unit and the circuit IO terminal;

[0022] Figure 3 Schematically showing (a) a schematic diagram of the working state of the signal input unit of the input-output circuit of the embodiment of the present disclosure and (b) a timing sequence of the input signal corresponding to the control unit and the circuit IO terminal;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram schematically shows a structure of an input-output circuit according to another embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0024] Figure 5 The schematic diagram schematically shows the opening relationship between the first triode and the second triode in the embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0026] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0027] Figure 1 The schematic diagram schematically shows the structure of an input-output circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] A first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides an input-output circuit.

[0029] Reference Figure 1As shown, the input-output circuit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a signal output unit 110 and a signal input unit 120 .

[0030] Reference Figure 1 As shown in the single-dot dashed box, the signal output unit 110 includes: a first transistor T1, a collector C1 of the first transistor T1 is connected between the first power supply S1 and the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO through a first pull-up resistor R111, and the circuit IO terminal serves as the signal output terminal of the signal output unit 110; an emitter E1 of the first transistor T1 is grounded; and a base B1 of the first transistor T1 is connected to an output terminal DO of the control unit through a first voltage-dividing resistor R112.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 As shown in the double-dotted line frame, the signal input unit 120 includes: a second transistor T2, a base B2 of the second transistor T2 is connected in parallel to one end of a second voltage-dividing resistor R122 and a third voltage-dividing resistor R123, the other end of the second voltage-dividing resistor R122 is grounded, and the other end of the third voltage-dividing resistor R123 is connected between the first pull-up resistor R111 and the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO, and the circuit IO terminal serves as the signal input terminal of the signal input unit 120; the emitter E2 of the second transistor T2 is grounded; the collector C2 of the second transistor T2 is connected to the input terminal DI of the control unit (the collector C2 of the second transistor T2) and is connected to the second power supply S2 through the second pull-up resistor R121.

[0032] The transistors corresponding to the first transistor and the second transistor are semiconductor transistors (Bipolar Junction Transistor), also known as bipolar transistors, crystal transistors, etc.

[0033] The IO terminal of the above circuit is the external IO terminal of the input-output circuit. In one embodiment, a control unit may be included inside the input-output circuit. In another embodiment, the input-output circuit does not contain a control unit, the control unit and the input-output circuit are two independent parts, and the input-output circuit and the control unit are both used as an internal structure of a whole, for example, the control unit and the input-output circuit are both used as internal modules of the vehicle. In the above two embodiments, the output terminal DO and the input terminal DI of the control unit are respectively connected to the base B1 of the first transistor T1 and the collector C2 of the second transistor T2.

[0034] Refer to the following Figure 2 To describe the signal output principle and process of the input and output circuit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 2Schematically illustrates (a) a schematic diagram of the working state of a signal output unit of an input / output circuit of an embodiment of the present disclosure and (b) a timing sequence of output signals corresponding to a control unit and an IO terminal of the circuit.

[0036] Reference Figure 2 As shown in (a), the signal output unit 110 has two working states, which are respectively represented as state ① and state ②.

[0037] In state ①, the signal sent by the output terminal DO of the control unit is at a high level, corresponding to turning on the first transistor T1. When T1 is turned on, the voltage of the collector C1 of T1 is close to the voltage of the emitter E1 (ground voltage). In this case, the current flows directly from the first transistor T1 to the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO, and does not pass through the branch where the first pull-up resistor R111 is located. Figure 2 As shown by the dashed single arrow in the example (a), in this case, the output terminal of the collector C1: the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO is at a low level.

[0038] In state ②, the signal sent by the output terminal DO of the control unit is at a low level, which makes the first transistor T1 non-conductive. When T1 is non-conductive, the collector C1 and emitter E1 of T1 are in a high impedance state. In this case, the current flows from the first power supply S1 through the first pull-up resistor R111 to the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO, and does not pass through the first transistor T1. Figure 2 As shown by the dotted double arrows in the example (a), in this case, the voltage output by the output terminal of the collector C1 (ie, the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO) is a high level, and the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO has a voltage output from the first power supply S1 after passing through the first pull-up resistor R111.

[0039] Reference Figure 2 As shown in (b), the output signal of the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO is controlled by the output signal of the output terminal DO of the control unit. The output signal (e.g., output voltage) of the output terminal DO of the control unit is opposite in phase to the output signal of the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO, and the amplitude of the output signal of the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO is amplified compared to the amplitude of the output signal of the output terminal DO of the control unit. The amplification relationship here is only used as an example. In other cases, depending on the specific setting differences of the first pull-up resistor, the first power supply S1, and the first transistor, it is possible to produce a result that the amplitude of the output signal of the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO is less than or equal to the amplitude of the output signal DO of the control unit. In either case, the above-mentioned signal output unit can achieve level conversion.

[0040] Based on the above description, it can be known that the signal output unit 110 provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure has the function of level conversion. In addition, based on the control unit's regulation of the output signal of the output terminal DO, the signal output unit 110 in the input-output circuit can also generate ultrasonic waves. For example, the control unit controls the on-off state of the base of the first transistor T1 (for example, the on-off frequency, the on-off interval, the duration of each on-off, etc.) by regulating at least one parameter of the output signal of the output terminal DO, such as the duty cycle, waveform frequency, and waveform duration. Therefore, the circuit IO terminal outputs a signal of a preset waveform, and the signal of the preset waveform can be an ultrasonic signal.

[0041] Refer to the following Figure 3 To describe the signal input principle and process of the input and output circuit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 3 Schematically illustrates (a) a schematic diagram of the working state of a signal input unit of an input-output circuit of an embodiment of the present disclosure and (b) a timing sequence of input signals corresponding to a control unit and an IO terminal of the circuit.

[0043] Reference Figure 3 As shown in (a), the signal input unit 120 has two working states, which are respectively represented as state ③ and state ④. The input signal received by the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO (for example, the echo signal corresponding to the detection distance or obstacle, or the input signal from other devices) passes through the third voltage-dividing resistor R123 and then enters two branches, one of which is a branch including the second voltage-dividing resistor R122, and the other branch is the base B2 corresponding to the second transistor T2.

[0044] In state ③, the input signal received by the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO is in a high level state, so that the second transistor T2 is turned on. When T2 is turned on, the voltage of the collector C2 of T2 is close to the voltage of the emitter E2 (ground voltage). In this case, the current flows directly from the second transistor T2 to the input terminal DI of the control unit without passing through the branch where the second pull-up resistor R121 is located. Figure 3 As shown by the dashed single arrow in the example (a), in this case, the signal outputted by the output terminal of the collector C2 is at a low level, that is, the signal received by the input terminal DI of the control unit is at a low level.

[0045] In state ④, the input signal received by the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO is in a low level state, so that the second transistor T2 is not conducting. When T2 is not conducting, the collector C2 and the emitter E2 of T2 are equivalent to a high impedance state. In this case, the current flows from the second power supply S2 through the second pull-up resistor R121 to the input terminal DI of the control unit, and does not pass through the second transistor T2. Figure 3 As shown by the dotted double arrows in the example (a), in this case, the signal outputted from the output terminal of the collector C2 is at a high level, that is, the signal received by the input terminal DI of the control unit (i.e., the input signal) is at a high level, and the input terminal DI of the control unit has a voltage from the second power supply S2 after passing through the second pull-up resistor R121.

[0046] Reference Figure 3 As shown in (b), the input signal (for example, input voltage) of the input terminal DI of the control unit is controlled by the input signal of the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO. The input signal of the input terminal DI of the control unit is opposite in phase to the input signal of the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO, and the amplitude of the input signal of the input terminal DI of the control unit is amplified compared to the amplitude of the input signal of the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO. The amplification relationship here is only used as an example. In other cases, depending on the specific setting differences of the second pull-up resistor, the second power supply S1, and the second transistor, it is possible to produce a result that the amplitude of the input signal of the input terminal DI of the control unit is less than or equal to the amplitude of the input signal of the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO. In either case, the above-mentioned signal input unit can achieve level conversion.

[0047] Based on the above description, it can be known that when the signal input unit 120 provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure receives an input signal from other devices, the signal input unit 120 can realize the function of level conversion according to the output response generated by the input signal. In addition, by receiving different input signals at the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO, such as the echo signal corresponding to the detection distance or obstacle, the signal input unit 120 in the input-output circuit can also generate an output response according to the input signal, and the output response is used as the input of the control unit, so that the control unit generates a new output signal according to the above output response.

[0048] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the resistance setting of the second voltage-dividing resistor R122 and the third voltage-dividing resistor R123 satisfies the following condition: the input voltage of the external input signal × (the resistance value of the second voltage-dividing resistor / (the resistance value of the second voltage-dividing resistor + the resistance value of the third voltage-dividing resistor) < the voltage V of the second transistor BE , voltage V BE Represents the voltage between the base and emitter of the second transistor.

[0049] Based on the resistance setting of the second voltage-dividing resistor and the third voltage-dividing resistor, the on-off of the second transistor T2 can be regulated while T2 is prevented from being broken down. This can adapt to fluctuations of external input signals (such as echo signals, or other input signals that require level conversion) within a certain range, thereby ensuring stable operation of the circuit and improving circuit reliability.

[0050] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the control unit is a microcontroller (MCU) of the vehicle, the first power supply S1 is the vehicle's on-board power supply, the second power supply S2 is the operating voltage of the microcontroller (for example, 3.3V or 5V), and the input and output circuits are compatible with on-board power supplies of different amplitudes (for example, both 12V and 24V on-board power supplies can be compatible).

[0051] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 both operate in a saturation state, and the input-output circuit is an ultrasonic circuit or a level conversion circuit.

[0052] When the above-mentioned input-output circuit is an ultrasonic circuit, the output signal of the control unit is used to control the on-off state (including the on-off frequency) of the base of the first transistor, so that the circuit IO end outputs a signal of a preset waveform; the control unit is also used to generate a new output signal based on the echo signal received from the circuit IO end.

[0053] In the input-output circuit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, by setting the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 in the form of OC gate (open collector), and setting the first pull-up resistor (R111 is set on C1) and the second pull-up resistor (R121 is set on C2) on their respective collectors, the signal output is realized based on the first transistor T1, and the signal input is realized based on the second transistor T2. Since the signal output end and the signal input end correspond to the same circuit IO end, the output channel plays the role of a pull-up resistor as the input channel, and the strength of the pull-up is achieved by adjusting the resistance value of the first pull-up resistor. The structural design is ingenious and concise, and the setting of the above-mentioned first pull-up resistor enables the input-output circuit to be compatible with the first power supply of different amplitudes (for example, 12V and 24V of the vehicle power supply). Based on the setting of the second pull-up resistor, regardless of whether the second transistor is in any on-off state, it is helpful to adjust the input voltage of the control unit within the threshold range to avoid damage caused by the loaded voltage exceeding the threshold. At the same time, based on the setting of the first voltage-dividing resistor, the second voltage-dividing resistor and the third voltage-dividing resistor, the on and off of the first transistor and the second transistor can be effectively controlled while avoiding breakdown. It can adapt to fluctuations within a certain range of external input signals (such as echo signals) and output signals of the internal control unit (such as the output of a car's microcontroller) and has good reliability.

[0054] Figure 4 The figure schematically shows a structural diagram of an input-output circuit according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0055] Reference Figure 4As shown in the dotted circle, based on the above-mentioned embodiment, the input-output circuit may further include a unidirectional diode D111, which is arranged between the first power supply S1 and the collector C1 of the first transistor T1, and the side of the unidirectional diode D111 close to the first power supply S1 is the positive pole.

[0056] By setting a unidirectional diode between the first power supply and the collector of the first transistor, anti-reverse connection protection is formed. In this way, when the IO terminal of the circuit is reversely connected to the power supply (external power supply or internal power supply), when the first transistor is in the on state, the current will not be reversely fed to the first pull-up resistor and the first power supply, but will be introduced to the ground through the emitter of the first transistor, thereby playing the role of anti-reverse connection protection of the power supply.

[0057] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figure 4 As shown in the dotted circle, the signal output unit 110 may further include a capacitor C111, one end of which is connected between the first voltage-dividing resistor R112 and the base B1 of the first transistor T1, and the other end of which is grounded.

[0058] By providing the capacitor C111, on the one hand, it can be used as an AC path to the ground to achieve filtering, stabilize the voltage loaded on the base B1 of the first transistor T1, and improve the performance of the input and output circuits.

[0059] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the input-output circuit further includes a protection diode D200, one end of which is connected between the first pull-up resistor R111 and the circuit IO terminal EXT_DIO, and the other end of which is grounded.

[0060] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the protection diode includes one of the following diodes: an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection diode and a transient voltage suppressor (TVS) diode.

[0061] By providing the protection diode D200, the input and output circuits can be protected from static electricity and instantaneous high voltage.

[0062] In addition, when the IO terminal of the circuit is short-circuited to GND (ground), due to the existence of the first pull-up resistor, the safety of the circuit can be ensured by reasonably setting its resistance value.

[0063] Figure 5 The schematic diagram schematically shows the opening relationship between the first triode and the second triode in the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0064] In an exemplary embodiment, in the input-output circuit, the collector-base cut-off current I between the collector and base of transistor T1 and transistor T2 is CBO For the following parameters: At ambient temperature T amb =25℃, when V CB =50V, I E =0A, I CBO-max (I CBO Maximum value) = 15nA (nanoampere); at the highest temperature T allowed for normal operation j =150℃, V CB =30V, I E =0A, I CBO-max =5μA (microampere). The cut-off current between the emitter and base of transistors T1 and T2 (emitter-base cut-off current) I EBO For the following parameters: At ambient temperature T amb =25℃, when V EB =6V, I C =0A, I CBO-max =100nA (nanoampere). The resistance of the first pull-up resistor R111 is 4.7kΩ, the resistance of the first voltage-dividing resistor R112 is 4.7kΩ, the resistance of the second voltage-dividing resistor R122 is 10kΩ, and the resistance of the third voltage-dividing resistor R123 is 60.4kΩ.

[0065] Based on the same technical concept, a second exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes the input-output circuit described in the first embodiment.

[0066] In one embodiment, the electronic device is a level converter or an electronic device with ultrasonic transmitting and receiving functions.

[0067] A third exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a vehicle. The vehicle includes the input-output circuit or the electronic device.

[0068] The above-mentioned vehicle can be an unmanned vehicle or an autonomous driving vehicle, etc.

[0069] In summary, the input and output circuits provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure are compatible with vehicle power supplies of different amplitudes, and can be used as ultrasonic circuits or level conversion circuits. When used as ultrasonic circuits, they can realize waveform transmission and echo detection, and are widely used.

[0070] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the technical concept of the present disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features applied herein.

Claims

1. An input-output circuit, characterized in that: include: A signal output unit (110) comprises: a first triode (T1), a collector (C1) of the first triode being connected between a first power supply (S1) and a circuit IO terminal (EXT_DIO) via a first pull-up resistor (R111), the circuit IO terminal serving as a signal output terminal of the signal output unit; an emitter (E1) of the first triode being grounded; and a base (B1) of the first triode being connected to an output terminal (DO) of a control unit via a first voltage-dividing resistor (R112); A signal input unit (120), comprising: a second triode (T2), a base (B2) of the second triode connected in parallel to one end of a second voltage-dividing resistor (R122) and a third voltage-dividing resistor (R123), the other end of the second voltage-dividing resistor (R122) being grounded, the other end of the third voltage-dividing resistor (R123) being connected between the first pull-up resistor (R111) and the circuit IO end (EXT_DIO), the circuit IO end serving as the signal input end of the signal input unit; an emitter (E2) of the second triode being grounded; a collector (C2) of the second triode being connected to an input end (DI) of a control unit, and connected to a second power supply (S2) via a second pull-up resistor (R121); The signal output channel corresponding to the signal output unit serves as a pull-up resistor for the signal input channel corresponding to the signal input unit, and the strength of the pull-up is achieved by adjusting the resistance value of the first pull-up resistor.

2. The input-output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resistance values ​​of the second voltage-dividing resistor (R122) and the third voltage-dividing resistor (R123) are set to meet the following condition: the input voltage of the external input signal input from the IO terminal of the circuit×(resistance value of the second voltage-dividing resistor / (resistance value of the second voltage-dividing resistor+resistance value of the third voltage-dividing resistor)<the voltage V of the second transistor BE , voltage V BE Represents the voltage between the base and emitter of the second transistor.

3. The input-output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A unidirectional diode (D111) is arranged between the first power source (S1) and the collector (B1) of the first transistor, and a side of the unidirectional diode (D111) close to the first power source (S1) is a positive electrode.

4. The input-output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal output unit also includes: A capacitor (C111), one end of which is connected between the first voltage-dividing resistor (R112) and the base (B1) of the first transistor, and the other end of which is grounded.

5. The input-output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A protection diode (D200), one end of which is connected between the first pull-up resistor (R111) and the circuit IO terminal (EXT_DIO), and the other end of which is grounded.

6. The input-output circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The protection diode includes one of the following diodes: an electrostatic discharge protection diode and a transient voltage suppression diode.

7. The input-output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit is a microcontroller of the vehicle, the first power supply is an on-board power supply of the vehicle, the second power supply is an operating voltage of the microcontroller, and the input-output circuit is compatible with on-board power supplies of different amplitudes.

8. The input-output circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The first transistor and the second transistor operate in a saturation state, and the input-output circuit is an ultrasonic circuit or a level conversion circuit; When the input-output circuit is an ultrasonic circuit, the output signal of the control unit is used to control the on-off state of the base of the first transistor so that the IO end of the circuit outputs a signal of a preset waveform; the control unit is also used to generate a new output signal based on the echo signal received from the IO end of the circuit.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The invention comprises the input-output circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: The invention comprises the input-output circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the electronic device according to claim 9.

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