A new vertical welding method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a novel vertical welding method, which adopts the mechanical and control mechanism of gas-electric vertical welding and the welding gun, gas pipe and welding power supply of narrow gap welding, implements the welding process of narrow gap welding, and constitutes a novel vertical welding method. In this method, the welding gun of narrow gap welding is installed on a base plate, and the position of the arc pointing to the weld is changed by rotating the base plate; the mechanical and control mechanism of gas-electric vertical welding includes a rear baffle, a front baffle and a lifting mechanism; the rear baffle and the front baffle are arranged on both sides of the weld in the longitudinal direction, and the lifting mechanism controls the rear baffle and the front baffle to gradually rise as the weld rises. The present invention combines the advantages of narrow gap welding with electroslag welding or gas-electric vertical welding, and removes the "arc starting plate" and "arc closing plate" in narrow gap welding at the same time. It can be used for both flat welding and vertical welding, and has a small tendency to overheat, solving the problem that has troubled welding engineers for many years.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of welding technology, and relates to combining the advantages of two welding processes and equipment, namely, electroslag welding or gas-electric vertical welding and narrow gap welding, so as to form a new type of vertical welding equipment, and is named "double-wire narrow gap vertical welding method". Background Art

[0002] Gas shielded welding is mainly used to weld thin steel plates and medium-thick steel plates, while electroslag welding is mainly used to weld thick steel plates. Figure 1 As shown in the figure: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h are welds, among which: a, b are the length of the weld, b, f are the height of the weld (the thickness of the steel plate); b, c are the width of the weld.

[0003] Electroslag welding (EW) was introduced to China around 1950 and consists of Figure 2-4 As shown, it includes A weldment 1, B weldment 2, C weldment (backing plate) 3, A welding gun 4, B welding gun 5, A conductive tip 8, B conductive tip 9, A welding wire 10, B welding wire 11, slag 12a, weld 14, rear baffle 15, front baffle 16 and control unit (not shown). Among them, A weldment 1 and B weldment 2 are in a vertical state, C weldment is a backing plate, and the backing plate is located below A weldment 1 and B weldment 2. During welding, A welding wire 10 and B welding wire 11 are inserted into slag 12a, and the resistance heat of slag is used to melt the welding wire and weldment. The molten metal (weld metal) accumulates and fuses above C weldment 3 and at the adjacent places of A weldment 1 and B weldment 2 and C weldment 3. Welding is continued, and the welds accumulate and fuse at the upper weld 14 and the upper weld 14. Adjacent to weldment A 1 and weldment B 2, a rear baffle 15 is added at the left end of the weld, and a front baffle 16 is added at the right end of the weld. The rear baffle 15 and the front baffle 16 are used to prevent the molten iron from flowing down, and there is no requirement for the height of the rear baffle 15; the welding gun and its connected cables, air pipes and water pipes are in an arc shape, and enter the top of the weld 14 from the top of the front baffle 16 for welding. The height of the front baffle 16 is to enable the welding wire of welding gun A 4 or welding gun B 5 to weld normally. As the weld and slag continue to rise, the front baffle 16 should also rise accordingly. A water-cooled copper block is usually used as the front baffle 16, and the rear baffle 15 can be made of a steel plate or a water-cooled copper block.

[0004] Although gas shielded welding has been widely used, the welding speed of thick steel plates is too slow. The invention of electroslag welding process and its equipment has greatly improved the welding speed of thick steel plates, so it has been widely used. However, people later noticed that the impact toughness of the weld was unqualified due to the long high temperature retention time of the weld metal during electroslag welding. People have long wanted to solve the problem of long high temperature time of the weld metal in electroslag welding, but have never found an effective solution. Until someone proposed: basically, the mechanical structure of electroslag welding and the power supply and welding gun of gas shielded welding are still used, that is, the resistance heat of welding slag is no longer used but the arc heat of gas shielded welding is used to heat the metal, so a new welding process and its equipment appeared, namely: gas-electric vertical welding process and its equipment.

[0005] Electrogas vertical welding (EGW) was introduced to China around 1980. Figure 5-7 As shown, it includes weldment A 1, weldment B 2, weldment C (backing plate) 3, welding gun A 4, welding gun B 5, gun rod A 6, gun rod B 7, conductive tip A 8, conductive tip B 9, welding wire A 10, welding wire B 11, arc A 12, arc B 13, weld seam 14, rear baffle 15, front baffle 16 and a control unit (not shown). Among them, weldment A 1 and weldment B 2 are in a vertical state, weldment C is a pad, and pad C is located below weldment A 1 and weldment B 2. During welding, welds are accumulated and fused above weldment C 3 and at the adjacent parts of weldment A 1 and weldment B 2 and weldment C 3. Welding is continued, and welds are accumulated and fused at the upper weld 14 and at the adjacent parts of weldment A 1 and weldment B 2. A rear baffle 15 is added to the left end of the weld, and a front baffle 16 is added to the right end of the weld. The rear baffle 15 and the front baffle 16 are used to prevent the molten iron from flowing down, and there is no requirement for the height of the rear baffle 15; the welding gun and its connected cables, air pipes, water pipes, etc. are in an arc shape, and enter from the top of the front baffle 16 to the top of the weld 14 for welding. The height of the front baffle 16 is required to enable the welding wire of welding gun A 4 or welding gun B 5 to weld normally. As the welding seam and slag continuously rise, the front baffle 16 will also rise accordingly. Commonly used water-cooled copper blocks are used as the front baffle 16, and the available steel plate of the rear baffle 15 can also be made of water-cooled copper blocks.

[0006] When using gas-electric vertical welding equipment for gas-electric vertical welding, the entire plane of the weld abcd is the molten pool of the gas-electric vertical welding. The gas-electric vertical welding gun is a round copper rod covered with an insulating layer. A welding gun 4 has a round thread at the bottom connected to a round insulating sleeve, and the round insulating sleeve is connected to the round gun barrel through the thread. The round copper rod of the welding gun is connected to the round conductive nozzle.

[0007] Gas-electric welding has been used for more than 40 years, and some problems have been exposed during its use, mainly:

[0008] 1. The thickness of the plate to be welded is limited. The thickness of the plate that can be welded by single-wire gas-electric vertical welding is between 30-40mm, and the thickness of the plate that can be welded by double-wire gas-electric vertical welding is between 40-80mm. Although theoretically, three-wire gas-electric vertical welding can weld thicker steel plates, it involves many technical problems. So far, there are no reports on three-wire gas-electric vertical welding equipment and processes at home and abroad.

[0009] 2. With the development of industry, many new steels have emerged. These new steels have put forward higher requirements on the high-temperature residence time of the weld metal. As mentioned before, the entire plane of the weld abcd is the molten pool of gas-electric vertical welding. Therefore, although the welding heat is less than that of electric slag welding, it is still relatively large. Due to the overheating of the weld metal material, the application of gas-electric vertical welding is limited in many important structures.

[0010] Narrow gap welding (NG) was introduced to China around 1980. Narrow gap welding is mainly used for thick plate welding and has been used for more than 40 years. It is very energy-saving. The thicker the plate, the more prominent the energy-saving effect. The narrow gap welding gun available on the market is a straight flat welding gun. The weld width is narrower than that of gas-electric vertical welding. The molten pool of the arc of its welding wire is a point-shaped molten pool with a diameter of about 10 mm. Therefore, the welding heat is much smaller than that of gas-electric vertical welding. The weld metal generally does not have a tendency to overheat, and the welding quality is good. However, the current narrow gap welding can only be performed flat welding, and the thickness of the welded plate is restricted by the length of the welding gun. For example, if a 120 mm thick steel plate is to be welded, the length of the narrow gap welding gun must be greater than 120 mm. The length of the vertical welding weld can reach 1 meter or several meters, and it is impossible to manufacture a 1 meter or several meters long welding gun. Therefore, although it is known that narrow gap welding is very energy-saving and can save a lot of man-hours and welding materials, the existing narrow gap welding equipment cannot be used in vertical welding, which is a shortcoming of the commercially available narrow gap welding equipment.

[0011] Another shortcoming in the use of narrow gap welding is that "arc starting plates" and "arc ending plates" must be connected at both ends of the weld, and the "arc starting plates" and "arc ending plates" must be cut off after welding, which is a lot of work and slows down the welding production speed.

[0012] Therefore, it is urgent to propose a new vertical welding process, in which the amount of welding wire filling is less than that of gas-electric vertical welding, so the welding period is shorter than that of gas-electric vertical welding, the welding wire consumption is less than that of gas-electric vertical welding, the thickness of the welded steel plate is thicker than that of gas-electric vertical welding, and what has attracted more attention is that the heat generated by this process is less than that of gas-electric vertical welding, thus solving the problem that has plagued welding engineers for many years. Summary of the invention

[0013] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new type of vertical welding method, which combines the advantages of narrow gap welding with electroslag welding or gas-electric vertical welding. The method has a low tendency to overheat and improves the welding production speed.

[0014] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a new vertical welding method, which adopts the mechanical and control mechanism of gas-electric vertical welding and the welding gun, gas pipe and welding power supply of narrow gap welding to implement the welding process of narrow gap welding, forming a new vertical welding method. In this method, the welding gun of narrow gap welding is installed on a substrate, and the position of the arc pointing to the weld is changed by rotating the substrate; the mechanical and control mechanism of gas-electric vertical welding includes a rear baffle, a front baffle and a lifting mechanism; the rear baffle and the front baffle are arranged on both sides of the weld in the longitudinal direction, and the lifting mechanism controls the rear baffle and the front baffle to gradually rise as the weld rises.

[0015] Furthermore, the welding gun is a single-wire welding gun or a double-wire welding gun, and the double-wire welding gun is an A welding gun and a B welding gun, and the A welding gun is composed of an A gun rod, an A gun frame and an A conductive nozzle; the B welding gun is composed of a B gun rod, a B gun frame and a B conductive nozzle; the A gun rod or the B gun rod is an arc-shaped gun rod with a rectangular or diamond-shaped flat cross-section, and is respectively installed in the A gun frame or the B gun frame with a rectangular or diamond-shaped cross-section and locked with screws; the A conductive nozzle or the B conductive nozzle is an integral or split conductive nozzle with a rectangular or diamond-shaped flat cross-section; a wire feeding hole is provided in the A gun rod or the B gun rod and the A conductive nozzle or the B conductive nozzle, and the wire feeding hole in the integral A conductive nozzle or the B conductive nozzle is an inclined hole, and the A welding wire and the B welding wire are respectively inserted from the A gun rod and the B gun rod The wire passes through the wire feeding hole of the A conductive nozzle or the B conductive nozzle, and enters the inclined wire feeding hole of the A conductive nozzle or the B conductive nozzle; the base plate is provided with two grooves; the A gun frame of the A welding gun and the B welding gun have a flat conductive nozzle with a rectangular or diamond-shaped cross-section; a wire feeding hole is provided in the A gun rod or the B gun rod, and the A welding wire and the B welding wire pass through the wire feeding holes of the A gun rod and the B gun rod respectively; the base plate is provided with two grooves; the A gun frame of the A welding gun and the B gun frame of the B welding gun are respectively installed in the two grooves of the base plate, and can slide in the grooves of the base plate, and the A gun frame or the B gun frame can be locked with the base plate by bolts respectively; the air pipe is fixedly installed in the base plate and is located between the A gun frame and the B gun frame; the rear baffle and the front baffle are made of flexible heat-resistant material, and the flexible heat-resistant material is ceramic fiber rope, asbestos rope or other heat-resistant products.

[0016] Furthermore, the flexible temperature-resistant materials of the rear baffle and the front baffle are hung on the rear baffle shaft and the front baffle shaft respectively; the A welding gun and the B welding gun and the rear baffle shaft and the front baffle shaft are all connected to a lifting mechanism. Under the control of the control unit, as the weld gradually rises, the A welding gun and the B welding gun and the rear baffle shaft and the front baffle shaft are all raised at the same time under the action of the lifting mechanism. The rise of the rear baffle shaft and the front baffle shaft allows more ceramic fiber rope to be fed in.

[0017] Furthermore, there is a rotating shaft at each end of the substrate; the A welding gun and the B welding gun are above the weld, moving and welding from the starting end of the weld to the end of the weld. When the A welding gun and the B welding gun are at the starting end of the weld, the substrate rotates clockwise around the rotating shaft, tilting the welding gun head so that the A welding wire and the A arc and the B welding wire and the B arc can point to the outermost end of the starting end of the weld; when the A welding gun and the B welding gun are at the end of the weld, the substrate rotates counterclockwise around the rotating shaft, tilting the welding gun head so that the A welding wire and the A arc and the B welding wire and the B arc can point to the outermost end of the end of the weld.

[0018] Furthermore, the split A conductive tip of the A welding gun is composed of two parts 8a and 8b, and the split B conductive tip is composed of two parts 9a and 9b. The wire feed hole of the A conductive tip is tilted downward, toward the B conductive tip, and toward the B weldment at the same time, so that the A welding wire points to the intersection a of the B weldment and the C weldment; the wire feed hole of the split B conductive tip of the B welding gun is tilted downward, toward the A conductive tip, and toward the A weldment at the same time, so that the B welding wire points to the intersection a of the B weldment and the C weldment. The intersection b of weldment A and weldment C; continue welding, the wire hole of the A conductive nozzle is tilted in three directions: downward, toward the B conductive nozzle, and toward the B weldment, so that the A welding wire points to the intersection a of the B weldment and the previous weld, and the wire hole of the B conductive nozzle is tilted in three directions: downward, toward the A conductive nozzle, and toward the A weldment, so that the B welding wire points to the intersection b of the A weldment and the previous weld; the positions a and b are the shortest distances between point a and point b.

[0019] Furthermore, the split A conductive tip or the split B conductive tip is split obliquely from top to bottom to form two parts 8a and 8b or 9a and 9b, and a semicircular groove with a radius of 0.9 to 1.0 mm is processed on each split surface. The semicircular grooves of the two parts 8a and 8b or the two parts 9a and 9b are combined to form a circular wire feeding hole 21, and the A welding wire 10 or the B welding wire 11 passes through the wire feeding hole 21 and points to point a or point b, respectively.

[0020] Furthermore, the split A conductive tip 8 or the split B conductive tip 9 is split in an arc surface from top to bottom to form two parts 8a and 8b or 9a and 9b, and a semicircular groove with a radius of 0.9 to 1.0 mm is processed on each split arc surface. The semicircular grooves of the two parts 8a and 8b or the two parts 9a and 9b are combined to form a circular wire feeding hole 21, and the A welding wire 10 or the B welding wire 11 passes through the wire feeding hole 21 and points to point a or point b respectively.

[0021] Furthermore, the A gun barrel 6 and the B gun barrel 7 are made of copper or chromium-zirconium copper or brass or other copper alloys, and a layer of ceramic is sprayed on the surface; the A conductive nozzle 8 and the B conductive nozzle 9 are made of copper or chromium-zirconium copper or tungsten copper or other copper alloys, and a layer of ceramic is sprayed on the surface, and the lower ends of the A gun barrel 6 and the B gun barrel 7 are stepped; the upper ends of the A conductive nozzle 8 and the B conductive nozzle 9 are stepped, and the two are connected by two screws, and the A welding wire 10 or the B welding wire 11 passes through the wire feeding hole 21 of the A gun barrel 6 or the B gun barrel 7 respectively and enters the wire feeding hole 21 of the A conductive nozzle 8 or the B conductive nozzle 9; the structure and material of the B welding gun are the same as those of the A welding gun; and the protective gas is fed into the gas pipe 25.

[0022] Furthermore, a portion is cut inward at both ends of the wider surface of the A gun rod 6 in the A welding gun 4, so that the portion of the A gun rod 6 of the A welding gun 4 forms a concave, and an insulating block 23 with a groove is embedded in the concave on both sides of the A gun rod 6 of the A welding gun 4, and the two insulating blocks 23 are screwed together at the inner groove with a thin wire 24; several insulating blocks 23 are embedded in the A gun rod 6, and the B gun rod 7 is treated in the same way as the A gun rod 6.

[0023] Furthermore, argon gas is introduced into the gas pipe 25 of the welding equipment, and tungsten electrodes are installed in the A conductive tip 8 and the B conductive tip 9, so that tungsten inert gas argon arc narrow gap vertical welding can be performed; flux is introduced into the gas pipe 25, so that submerged arc narrow gap vertical welding can be performed.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] The present invention combines the advantages of narrow gap welding with electroslag welding or gas-electric vertical welding to create a new type of vertical welding method, including gas-electric vertical welding and narrow gap welding processes and equipment, namely a double-wire narrow gap vertical welding machine, which can be used for both flat welding and vertical welding.

[0026] The groove of narrow gap welding is an "I" type groove. The amount of welding wire filled in narrow gap vertical welding process is less than that of gas-electric vertical welding, so the welding period is shorter than that of gas-electric vertical welding, and the consumption of welding wire is less than that of gas-electric vertical welding. All of the above lead to less heat generation in narrow gap vertical welding than that of gas-electric vertical welding. More importantly, the molten pool of narrow gap welding is a point-shaped molten pool with a diameter of about 10 mm, while the molten pool of gas-electric vertical welding is a long strip-shaped molten pool. For example, if the steel plate is 70 mm thick, the length of the molten pool is 70 mm. Therefore, the heat of gas-electric vertical welding is much greater than that of narrow gap vertical welding. Therefore, the overheating tendency of the new vertical welding method disclosed in this patent is much smaller than that of gas-electric vertical welding method.

[0027] The length of the weld welded by narrow gap welding is almost unlimited, so the thickness of the steel plate welded by the narrow gap vertical welding process is also almost unlimited, so it can weld thicker steel plates than gas-electric vertical welding.

[0028] The present invention provides two kinds of gun barrels and gun racks for selection. Fig.10 The diamond-shaped barrel and frame shown are Fig. 9 The rectangular gun barrel and gun frame shown take up less space.

[0029] The invention removes the "arc starting plate" and "arc ending plate" in the current narrow gap welding, thereby improving the welding production speed.

[0030] The twin-wire narrow gap welding machine of the present invention can adopt the "Tandem twin-wire narrow gap welding process", so that the equipment of the present invention has the characteristics of high speed and high efficiency at the same time, has no overheating tendency, can overcome assembly errors, and is easier to ensure welding quality.

[0031] The narrow gap welding gun provided by the present invention can be raised along with the rise of the molten pool surface, and can weld vertical welds with very long welds. Therefore, the same welding machine can weld both horizontal welds and vertical welds.

[0032] Since molten iron flows outward at the beginning and end of the weld, although arc-starting plates and arc-ending plates are added, they are very long and large in size. After being cut off, the cross-section is not smooth and needs to be processed again. The square ceramic fiber rope used in the present invention is used as a baffle, which can continuously roll in the ceramic fiber rope like a rolling door as the weld rises. The structure is simple, and the contact part between the weld and the ceramic fiber rope has a smooth surface, which generally does not need to be processed again.

[0033] In order to make the wire feeding hole in the conductive nozzle tilt in three directions simultaneously "downward", "toward B conductive nozzle 9" and "toward B weldment 2", so that the arcs of the two welding wires are respectively directed to a or b of the weldment, so as to strengthen the arc heating of the side wall of the weldment and ensure good fusion of the side wall.

[0034] The present invention provides three structures of conductive tips, one integral and two separate. The separate ones can make the welding wire in the conductive tip more accurately point to the a or b of the weldment, so as to strengthen the arc heating of the side wall of the weldment and ensure good fusion of the side wall. However, the processing of the separate conductive tip is complicated, and the conductive tip must be divided into two pieces 8a, 8b and 9a, 9b to facilitate the processing of the arc-shaped wire hole 21. The integral conductive tip is easy to process, and the straight inclined hole can be drilled with a drill bit, and the inclined hole can also make the welding wire in the conductive tip point to the a or b of the weldment.

[0035] Spraying a layer of ceramic on the surface of the welding gun and adding several insulating blocks on the welding gun barrel are both measures to prevent the barrel from accidentally contacting the weldment, causing a short circuit between the welding gun barrel and the weldment and burning the barrel. The insulating blocks of the present invention are tightened with a "rope" to reduce the thickness of the welding gun without increasing the width of the gap. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0037] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of a weldment for electroslag welding, gas-electrode vertical welding or narrow gap welding;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electroslag welding structure;

[0039] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Left view of

[0040] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A top view of

[0041] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the existing gas-electric vertical welding structure;

[0042] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Left view of

[0043] Figure 7 for Figure 5 A top view of

[0044] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the gun rod structure of a new vertical welding method;

[0045] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 Left side view of the square gun barrel;

[0046] Fig.10 for Figure 8 Left side view of the diamond-shaped gun barrel;

[0047] Fig.11 for Figure 8 A top view of

[0048] Fig.12 It is a position diagram of the A welding wire, A conductive tip, A arc position a and the B welding wire, B conductive tip, B arc position b in Example 1;

[0049] Fig.13 for Fig.12 Left view of the A conductive nozzle;

[0050] Fig.14 for Fig.12 A top view of

[0051] Fig.15 It is the parts diagram of the conductive nozzle 8b in Example 1;

[0052] Fig.16 for Fig.15 Left view of

[0053] Fig.17 for Fig.15 A top view of

[0054] Fig.18 It is a part diagram of the conductive nozzle 8a in Example 1;

[0055] Fig.19 for Fig.18 Left view;

[0056] Fig. 20 for Fig.18 A top view of

[0057] Fig.21 A position diagram of arc position a of welding wire A conductive tip A and arc position b of welding wire B conductive tip B in Example 2;

[0058] Fig. 22 for Fig.21 Left view of the A conductive nozzle;

[0059] Fig.23 for Fig.21 A top view of

[0060] Fig.24 This is the parts diagram of A contact nozzle 8b;

[0061] Fig.25 for Fig.24 Left view of

[0062] Fig.26 for Fig.24 A top view of

[0063] Fig. 27 This is the parts diagram of A conductive nozzle 8a;

[0064] Fig.28 for Fig. 27 Left view;

[0065] Fig.29 for Fig. 27 A top view of

[0066] Fig.30 This is the assembly diagram of the gun barrel, insulating block and rope;

[0067] Fig.31 It is a stereoscopic diagram of the assembly of the gun rod, the insulating block and the rope;

[0068] Fig.32 It is a top view of the assembly of the gun rod, insulating block and rope;

[0069] Fig.33 Assembly diagram for the gun rod and insulating block;

[0070] Fig.34 for Fig.33 Left view of

[0071] Fig.35 for Fig.33 A top view of

[0072] Fig.36 This is a parts diagram of the gun barrel;

[0073] Fig.37 for Fig.36 Left view of

[0074] Fig.38 for Fig.36 A top view of

[0075] Fig.39 This is the insulation block parts diagram;

[0076] Fig.40 for Fig.39 Left view of

[0077] Fig.41 for Fig.39 Top view of the .

[0078] In the figure: 1-A weldment, 2-B weldment, 3-C weldment (backing plate), 4-A welding gun, 5-B welding gun, 6-A gun barrel, 7-B gun barrel, 8-A conductive nozzle, 9-B conductive nozzle, 10-A welding wire, 11-B welding wire, 12-A arc, 12a-slag, 13-B arc, 14-weld, 15-rear baffle, 15a-rear baffle shaft, 16-front baffle, 16a-front baffle shaft, 20-screw, 21-wire feeding hole, 23-insulating block, 24-rope, 25-air pipe, 26-A gun frame, 27-B gun frame, 28-rotating shaft, 29-base plate, 30-bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0079] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below through specific implementation methods. Example 1

[0080] A novel vertical welding method of the present invention refers to and improves the mechanical and control mechanisms of gas-electric vertical welding and refers to and improves the welding gun and power supply of narrow gap welding to form a novel vertical welding equipment, and is named "double-wire narrow gap method".

[0081] The novel vertical welding method of the present invention basically adopts a process similar to narrow gap welding, such as Figure 8-20 as well as Figure 30-41As shown, the welding equipment includes a base plate 29, a welding gun, a welding power source, an air pipe 25, a rear baffle 15, a front baffle 16 and a lifting mechanism. The welding gun is mainly composed of a gun rod, a gun frame and a conductive tip. The A gun rod 6 or the B gun rod 7 is an arc-shaped gun rod with a rectangular or diamond-shaped flat cross section, and is respectively installed in the A gun frame 26 or the B gun frame 27 with a rectangular or diamond-shaped cross section, and is locked with a screw 20. The A conductive tip 8 or the B conductive tip 9 is an integral or split conductive tip with a rectangular or diamond-shaped flat cross section. A wire feeding hole 21 is provided in the A gun rod 6 or the B gun rod 7 and the A conductive tip 8 or the B conductive tip 9. The wire feeding hole 21 in the A conductive tip 8 or the B conductive tip 9 of the type is an inclined hole, and the A welding wire 10 and the B welding wire 11 pass through the wire feeding hole 21 of the A gun rod 6 and the B gun rod 7 respectively, and enter the inclined wire feeding hole 21 of the A conductive tip 8 or the B conductive tip 9; the base plate 29 has two grooves, the A gun frame 26 of the A welding gun 4 and the B gun frame 27 of the B welding gun 5 are respectively installed in the two grooves of the base plate 29, and can slide in the grooves of the base plate 29, and the A gun frame 26 or the B gun frame 27 can be locked with the base plate 29 by bolts 30 respectively, and the air pipe 25 is fixedly installed in the base plate 29 and is located between the A gun frame 26 and the B gun frame 27; the rear baffle 15 and the front baffle 16 are made of flexible heat-resistant material, and the flexible heat-resistant material is ceramic fiber rope, asbestos rope or other heat-resistant products.

[0082] The base plate 29 of the present invention has a rotating shaft 28 at each end; at the same time, the A welding gun 4 and the B welding gun 5 of the present invention move and weld from the starting end of the weld 14 to the end of the weld 14. At the starting end of the weld 14, since the A arc 12 and the B arc 13 cannot reach the starting end of the weld 14, the base plate 29 is rotated clockwise around the rotating shaft 28 to tilt the welding gun head so that the A welding wire 10 and the A arc 12 and the B welding wire 11 and the B arc 13 can point to the outermost end of the starting weld 14 to avoid incomplete melting here. At the end of the weld 14, the A welding gun 4 and the B welding gun 5 are rotated counterclockwise around the rotating shaft 28 to tilt the welding gun head so that the A welding wire 10 and the A arc 12 and the B welding wire 11 and the B arc 13 can point to the outermost end of the end weld 14 to avoid incomplete melting here.

[0083] The rear baffle 15 and the front baffle 16 in the gas-electric vertical welding mechanical mechanism of the present invention are made of flexible heat-resistant materials; the flexible heat-resistant materials are ceramic fiber ropes, asbestos ropes or other heat-resistant products. In this embodiment, the rear baffle 15 and the front baffle 16 are composed of ceramic fiber ropes. The ceramic fiber ropes of the rear baffle 15 and the front baffle 16 of the present invention are hung on the rear baffle shaft 15a and the front baffle shaft 16a respectively; the A welding gun 4 and the B welding gun 5 and the rear baffle shaft 15a and the front baffle shaft 16a are all connected to a lifting mechanism. Under the control of the control unit, as the weld 14 gradually rises, the rear baffle shaft 15a and the front baffle shaft 16a composed of the A welding gun 4 and the B welding gun 5 and the ceramic fiber rope 24 are simultaneously raised under the action of the lifting mechanism, and the rise of the rear baffle shaft 15a and the front baffle shaft 16a allows more ceramic fiber ropes to be fed in.

[0084] The A conductive tip 8 of the A welding gun 4 of the present invention is split, consisting of two parts 8a and 8b, and the B conductive tip 9 of the B welding gun 5 is split, consisting of two parts 9a and 9b. Figure 12-Figure 20 As shown, the conductive tip A 8 or conductive tip B 9 is split from top to bottom to form two parts 8a and 8b or 9a and 9b, and a semicircular groove with a radius of 0.9 to 1.0 mm is machined on each split surface. The semicircular grooves of the two parts or the two parts 9a and 9b are combined to form a circular wire feeding hole 21, and the A welding wire 10 or the B welding wire 11 passes through the wire feeding hole 21, so that the wire feeding hole 21 of the A conductive tip 8 can be tilted "downward", "toward the B conductive tip 9", and "toward the B weldment 2" at the same time, and in the three directions, so that the A welding wire 10 (A arc 12) points to the intersection a of the B weldment 2 and the C weldment (backing plate) 3 or the upper weld 14. The same operation can achieve the wire feeding hole 21 of the B conductive tip 9 to be tilted "downward", "toward the A conductive tip 8", and "toward the A weldment 1" at the same time, and in the three directions, so that the B welding wire 11 (B arc 13) points to the intersection b of the A weldment 1 and the C weldment (backing plate) 3 or the upper weld 14. If the A welding wire 10 does not point to point a, the machining track of the semicircular groove with a radius of 0.9 to 1.0 mm should be changed or the splitting surface should be changed from a plane to an arc surface so that the A welding wire 10 points to point a. The same operation is performed so that the B welding wire 11 points to point b.

[0085] The welding wire in the A conductive tip can be tilted in three directions simultaneously: "downward", "toward the B conductive tip 9" and "toward the B weldment 2". At the same time, the welding wire in the B conductive tip can be tilted in three directions simultaneously: "downward", "toward the A conductive tip 9" and "toward the A weldment 1". The arcs of the two welding wires are respectively directed to a or b of the weldment, so as to strengthen the heating of the side wall of the weldment by the arc and ensure good fusion of the side wall.

[0086] The A gun barrel 6 and the B gun barrel 7 of the present invention are made of copper or chromium zirconium copper or brass or other copper alloys, and a layer of ceramic is sprayed on the surface; the A conductive nozzle 8 and the B conductive nozzle 9 are made of copper or chromium zirconium copper or tungsten copper or other copper alloys, and a layer of ceramic is sprayed on the surface, and the lower ends of the A gun barrel 6 and the B gun barrel 7 are stepped; the upper ends of the A conductive nozzle 8 and the B conductive nozzle 9 are stepped, and the two are connected by two screws, and the A welding wire 10 or the B welding wire 11 passes through the wire feeding hole 21 of the A gun barrel 6 or the B gun barrel 7 respectively and enters the wire feeding hole 21 of the A conductive nozzle 8 or the B conductive nozzle 9; the structure and material of the B welding gun are the same as those of the A welding gun; there is an air pipe 25 between the A gun barrel 6 and the B gun barrel 7, and a protective gas is fed into the air pipe 25.

[0087] The two ends of the wider surface of the A gun rod 6 of the present invention are each cut inwardly to form a concave portion of the A gun rod 6, and an insulating block 23 with a groove is embedded in the concave portions on both sides of the A gun rod 6, and the two insulating blocks 23 are screwed together at the inner grooves with a thin wire 24; several insulating blocks 23 are embedded in the A gun rod 6, and the B gun rod 7 is treated in the same manner as the A gun rod 6. Example 2

[0088] The same as in Example 1, except that in Example 2, the A conductive tip 8 of the A welding gun 4 of the present invention is split, consisting of two parts 8a and 8b, and the B conductive tip 9 of the B welding gun 5 is split, consisting of two parts 9a and 9b. Figure 21-29 As shown, the A conductive tip 8 or the B conductive tip 9 is split from top to bottom in an arc surface to form two parts 8a and 8b or 9a and 9b, and a semicircular groove with a radius of 0.9 to 1.0 mm is processed on each split arc surface. The semicircular grooves of the two parts 8a and 8b or the two parts 9a and 9b are combined to form a circular wire feeding hole 21, and the A welding wire 10 or the B welding wire 11 passes through the wire feeding hole 21 and points to point a or point b, respectively. The wire hole 21 of the A conductive tip 8 can be tilted "downward", "toward the B conductive tip 9", "toward the B weldment 2", and in the three directions at the same time, so that the A welding wire 10 (A arc 12) points to the intersection a of the B weldment 2 and the C weldment (backing plate) 3 or the upper weld 14. The same operation can be achieved that the wire hole 21 of the B conductive tip 9 is tilted "downward", "toward the A conductive tip 8", "toward the A weldment 1", and in the three directions at the same time, so that the B welding wire 11 (B arc 13) points to the intersection b of the A weldment 1 and the C weldment (backing plate) 3 or the upper weld 14. If the A welding wire 10 does not point to point a, the processing trajectory of the semicircular groove with a radius of 0.9 to 1.0 mm or the curvature of the arc surface should be changed to make the A welding wire 10 point to point a. The same operation is performed to make the B welding wire 11 point to point b. Example 3

[0089] The same as Example 1, except that in Example 3, the A conductive tip 8 or the B conductive tip 9 is integral, the wire feeding hole 21 in the A conductive tip 8 or the B conductive tip 9 is an inclined hole, the A welding wire 10 and the B welding wire 11 pass through the wire feeding hole 21 of the A gun rod 6 and the B gun rod 7 respectively, and enter the inclined wire feeding hole 21 of the A conductive tip 8 or the B conductive tip 9. Example 4

[0090] The same as Example 1, except that in Example 4, argon gas is introduced into the gas pipe 25 of the welding equipment, and tungsten electrodes are installed in the A conductive tip 8 and the B conductive tip 9, so that "tungsten inert argon arc narrow gap vertical welding" can be performed. Example 5

[0091] The same as the first embodiment, except that in the second embodiment, flux is fed into the gas pipe 25 of the welding equipment to perform "submerged arc narrow gap vertical welding".

[0092] The present invention performs narrow gap welding with reference to the mechanical system of electroslag welding or gas-electric vertical welding, and redesigns the mechanical system and welding gun of electroslag welding or gas-electric vertical welding according to the characteristics of narrow gap welding, so that the narrow gap can be transformed from only flat welding to flat welding and vertical welding, retaining the advantages of high welding efficiency of electroslag welding or gas-electric vertical welding, and at the same time completely overcoming the problems of high welding heat of electroslag welding or gas-electric vertical welding, easy grain growth, resulting in substandard toughness of the weld joint, and inability to be applied to important structures.

[0093] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the present invention within the essence and protection scope of the present invention, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions should also be deemed to fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel vertical welding method, characterized in that: A novel vertical welding method is formed by using a gas-electric vertical welding machine and control mechanism and a narrow gap welding torch, gas pipe and welding power source to implement a narrow gap welding process. In this method, the narrow gap welding torch is installed on a base plate, and the position of the arc pointing to the weld is changed by rotating the base plate. The gas-electric vertical welding machine and control mechanism include a rear baffle, a front baffle and a lifting mechanism. The rear baffle and the front baffle are arranged on both sides of the weld in the longitudinal direction, and the lifting mechanism controls the rear baffle and the front baffle to gradually rise as the weld rises. The welding gun is a single-wire welding gun or a double-wire welding gun, and the double-wire welding gun is an A welding gun (4) and a B welding gun (5). The A welding gun (4) is composed of an A gun rod (6), an A gun frame (26) and an A conductive nozzle (8); the B welding gun (5) is composed of a B gun rod (7), a B gun frame (27) and a B conductive nozzle (9); the A gun rod (6) or the B gun rod (7) is an arc-shaped gun rod with a rectangular or rhombus cross section, and is respectively installed in the A gun frame (26) or the B gun frame (27) with a rectangular or rhombus cross section, and is locked with a screw (20); the A conductive nozzle (8) or the B conductive nozzle (9) is integral or split, and is a rectangular or rhombus flat conductive nozzle; in the A gun rod (6) or the B gun rod (7) ) and the A conductive nozzle (8) or the B conductive nozzle (9) are provided with a wire feeding hole (21), the wire feeding hole (21) in the integral A conductive nozzle (8) or the B conductive nozzle (9) is an inclined hole, the A welding wire (10) and the B welding wire (11) pass through the wire feeding holes (21) of the A gun rod (6) and the B gun rod (7), respectively, and enter the inclined wire feeding hole (21) of the A conductive nozzle (8) or the B conductive nozzle (9); the base plate (29) is provided with two grooves; the A gun frame (26) of the A welding gun (4) and the B gun frame (27) of the B welding gun (5) are respectively installed in the two grooves of the base plate (29), and can slide in the groove of the base plate (29), and the A gun frame (26) or the B gun frame (27) can be respectively connected to the base plate (29) by bolts (30). ) locked; the air pipe (25) is fixedly mounted in the base plate (29) and is located between the A gun rack (26) and the B gun rack (27); the rear baffle (15) and the front baffle (16) are made of flexible heat-resistant material, and the flexible heat-resistant material is ceramic fiber rope, asbestos rope or other heat-resistant products; The flexible heat-resistant materials of the rear baffle (15) and the front baffle (16) are hung on the rear baffle shaft (15a) and the front baffle shaft (16a) respectively; the A welding gun (4) and the B welding gun (5) and the rear baffle shaft (15a) and the front baffle shaft (16a) are all connected to a lifting mechanism; under the control of the control unit, as the weld (14) gradually rises, the A welding gun (4) and the B welding gun (5) and the rear baffle shaft (15a) and the front baffle shaft (16a) are simultaneously raised under the action of the lifting mechanism, and the raising of the rear baffle shaft (15a) and the front baffle shaft (16a) allows more ceramic fiber ropes to be fed in.

2. A novel vertical welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base plate (29) has a rotating shaft (28) at each end. The A welding gun (4) and the B welding gun (5) are above the weld (14) and move from the beginning of the weld (14) to the end of the weld (14) while welding. When the A welding gun (4) and the B welding gun (5) are at the beginning of the weld (14), the base plate (29) rotates clockwise around the rotating shaft (28) to tilt the welding gun heads so that the A welding wire (10) and the A electrode (11) are moved to the weld (14). The arc (12) and the B welding wire (11) and the B electric arc (13) can point to the outermost end of the starting end of the weld (14); when the A welding gun (4) and the B welding gun (5) are at the end of the weld (14), the base plate (29) rotates counterclockwise around the rotation axis (28) to tilt the welding gun heads, so that the A welding wire (10) and the A electric arc (12) and the B welding wire (11) and the B electric arc (13) can point to the outermost end of the end of the weld (14).

3. A novel vertical welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The split A conductive tip (8) is composed of two parts 8a and 8b, and the split B conductive tip (9) is composed of two parts 9a and 9b. The wire feed hole (21) of the A conductive tip (8) is tilted in three directions: downward, toward the B conductive tip (9) and toward the B weldment (2), so that the A welding wire (10) points to the intersection a of the B weldment (2) and the C weldment (3); the wire feed hole (21) of the B conductive tip (9) of the B welding gun (5) is tilted in three directions: downward, toward the A conductive tip (8) and toward the A weldment (1), so that the B welding wire (11) points to the intersection a of the A weldment (1) and the C weldment (3). The welding process is continued, the wire feed hole (21) of the A conductive tip (8) is tilted in three directions: downward, toward the B conductive tip (9), and toward the B weldment (2), so that the A welding wire (10) points to the intersection a of the B weldment (2) and the upper weld (14), and the wire feed hole (21) of the B conductive tip (9) is tilted in three directions: downward, toward the A conductive tip (8), and toward the A weldment (1), so that the B welding wire (11) points to the intersection b of the A weldment (1) and the upper weld (14); the a and b positions are the shortest distances between point a and point b.

4. A novel vertical welding method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The split A conductive tip (8) or the split B conductive tip (9) is split obliquely from top to bottom to form two parts (8a) and (8b) or (9a) and (9b), and a semicircular groove with a radius of 0.9 to 1.0 mm is processed on each split surface. The semicircular grooves of the two parts (8a) and (8b) or the two parts (9a) and (9b) are combined to form a circular wire feeding hole (21), and the A welding wire (10) or the B welding wire (11) passes through the wire feeding hole (21) and points to point a or point b respectively.

5. A novel vertical welding method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The split A conductive tip (8) or the split B conductive tip (9) is split from top to bottom in an arcuate surface to form two parts (8a) and (8b) or (9a) and (9b), and a semicircular groove with a radius of 0.9 to 1.0 mm is processed on each split arcuate surface. The semicircular grooves of the two parts (8a) and (8b) or the two parts (9a) and (9b) are combined to form a circular wire feeding hole (21), and the A welding wire (10) or the B welding wire (11) passes through the wire feeding hole (21) and points to point a or point b respectively.

6. A novel vertical welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The A gun rod (6) and the B gun rod (7) are made of copper or chromium zirconium copper or brass or other copper alloys, and are sprayed with a layer of ceramic on the surface. The A conductive nozzle (8) and the B conductive nozzle (9) are made of copper or chromium zirconium copper or tungsten copper or other copper alloys, and are sprayed with a layer of ceramic on the surface. The lower ends of the A gun rod (6) and the B gun rod (7) are stepped; the upper ends of the A conductive nozzle (8) and the B conductive nozzle (9) are stepped, and the two are connected by two screws. The A welding wire (10) or the B welding wire (11) passes through the wire feeding hole (21) of the A gun rod (6) or the B gun rod (7) and enters the wire feeding hole (21) of the A conductive nozzle (8) or the B conductive nozzle (9); the structure and material of the B welding gun are the same as those of the A welding gun; and a shielding gas is fed into the gas pipe (25).

7. A novel vertical welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A portion is cut inward at each end of the wider surface of the A gun rod (6) in the A welding gun (4), so that the portion of the A gun rod (6) of the A welding gun (4) forms a concave, and an insulating block (23) with a groove is embedded in each of the concave portions on both sides of the A gun rod (6) of the A welding gun (4), and two insulating blocks (23) are screwed together at the inner grooves with a thin wire (24); a plurality of insulating blocks (23) are embedded in the A gun rod (6), and the B gun rod (7) is treated in the same manner as the A gun rod (6).

8. A novel vertical welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Argon gas is introduced into the gas pipe (25) of the welding equipment, and tungsten electrodes are installed in the A conductive nozzle (8) and the B conductive nozzle (9), so that tungsten inert gas argon arc narrow gap vertical welding can be performed; flux is introduced into the gas pipe (25), so that submerged arc narrow gap vertical welding can be performed.

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