Compressed air energy storage system using high pressure high temperature hot water thermal storage and method of operation

Abstract

The application discloses a compressed air energy storage system adopting high-pressure and high-temperature hot water heat storage and a running method thereof. The compressed air energy storage system comprises a multi-stage compressor, a multi-stage expander, a plurality of heat exchangers, a gas storage system and a high-temperature hot water storage and heat release system. The high-temperature hot water storage and heat release system comprises a hot water storage tank, a cold water storage tank and a gas supply mechanism. The gas supply mechanism is used for providing first charging high-pressure gas to the cold water storage tank and the hot water storage tank through a gas communication pipe and maintaining the gas pressure in the tanks after the system is run. The cold water storage tank and the hot water storage tank are communicated through at least one group of water delivery systems. Each group of water delivery systems comprises a water delivery pipe and a water pump. The water pump is used for pumping water from the hot water storage tank to the cold water storage tank through the water delivery pipe and / or pumping water from the cold water storage tank to the hot water storage tank through the water delivery pipe. The application adopts 180 DEG C high-temperature hot water for heat storage, solves the problem of high investment of the heat storage system, and solves the problem of maintaining the pressure of the high-pressure and high-temperature hot water storage and heat release system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of compressed air energy storage power station heat storage, in particular to a compressed air energy storage system using high-pressure high-temperature hot water storage and a method for operating the same. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the construction of more and more large new energy bases, the fluctuation of wind and light has a great impact on the power quality of the power transmission end. Compared with traditional electrochemical energy storage, compressed air energy storage has the advantages of high safety, large adjustable capacity and rotational inertia. Therefore, if compressed air energy storage is constructed in large new energy bases, it has a positive significance for the power transmission of the entire energy base, can greatly improve the power grid consumption capacity of new energy and reduce the phenomenon of abandoned wind and light.

[0003] Compressed air energy storage is in a rapid development stage, and the control strategy research of compressed air energy storage in China is still mostly in the theoretical research stage, and the control problem of heat storage type compressed air energy storage cannot be fully solved in actual operation.

[0004] At present, there are two technical routes for non-replenishment compressed air energy storage power stations, which are called isothermal compression scheme and adiabatic compression scheme. The isothermal compression scheme uses 120 DEG C low-pressure hot water for heat storage, and the adiabatic compression scheme uses 330 DEG C heat-conducting oil for heat storage. With the increase of heat storage temperature, the overall efficiency of the power station is improved.

[0005] However, with the increase of unit capacity, if high-temperature heat-conducting oil is used for heat storage, the capacity of heat-conducting oil required is huge, and the investment is too high. If 120 DEG C low-temperature hot water is used for heat storage, the overall efficiency of the power station is low.

[0006] For heat storage using high-temperature hot water, not only can the investment of the heat storage system be greatly reduced, but also the compressed air energy storage power station can maintain a high efficiency. In order to ensure that the high-temperature hot water is in a liquid state and avoid overheating, the heat storage tank needs to maintain a high pressure. If no pressurization measures are taken, as the water level in the hot water tank decreases, the pressure in the tank decreases, and the hot water will boil, affecting the safety of the system. If high-pressure air is used to maintain the pressure in the hot water tank, it will cause a large waste of high-pressure air and energy waste.

[0007] Based on the above situation, the present application provides a compressed air energy storage system using high-pressure high-temperature hot water storage and a method for operating the same, which can effectively solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0008] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application aims to provide a compressed air energy storage system using high-pressure and high-temperature hot water heat storage and an operation method thereof. The present application uses 180℃ high-temperature hot water for heat storage, solving the problem of high investment of high-temperature heat transfer oil heat storage system, and also solving the problem of low efficiency of compressed air energy storage power station caused by 120℃ low-temperature hot water heat storage. The cold water storage tank and the hot water storage tank are connected through a gas communication pipe, solving the problem of maintaining pressure of the high-pressure and high-temperature hot water heat storage and release system.

[0009] To solve the above technical problems, the present application is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0010] In one aspect, the present application provides a compressed air energy storage system using high-pressure and high-temperature hot water heat storage, which comprises a multi-stage compressor, a multi-stage expander, a plurality of heat exchangers connected with the multi-stage compressor and the multi-stage expander respectively, and a gas storage system, further comprising a high-temperature hot water heat storage and release system for storing heat generated by the compressor and releasing heat required when the air is expanded by the expander, wherein the high-temperature hot water heat storage and release system comprises

[0011] at least one hot water storage tank for storing high-temperature hot water;

[0012] at least one cold water storage tank for storing low-temperature cold water;

[0013] The at least one cold water storage tank and the at least one hot water storage tank are connected with each other through a gas communication pipe, an input end of the gas communication pipe is connected with a gas supply mechanism, and the gas supply mechanism is used to provide high-pressure gas for the first time to the cold water storage tank and the hot water storage tank through the gas communication pipe and maintain the gas pressure in the tanks after the system is operated, wherein the high-pressure gas is preferably nitrogen, and high-pressure air can also be used;

[0014] The at least one cold water storage tank and the at least one hot water storage tank are connected through at least one group of water delivery systems, each group of water delivery systems comprises a water delivery pipe and a water pump, and the water pump is used to pump water from the hot water storage tank to the cold water storage tank through the water delivery pipe and / or pump water from the cold water storage tank to the hot water storage tank through the water delivery pipe.

[0015] Preferably, the capacity of the at least one cold water storage tank is the same as that of the at least one hot water storage tank or the capacity of the at least one cold water storage tank is slightly smaller than that of the at least one hot water storage tank.

[0016] Preferably, the maximum pressure bearing value of the at least one cold water storage tank and the at least one hot water storage tank needs to reach at least 1.5MPa, and the maximum temperature bearing value of the at least one hot water storage tank needs to reach at least 180℃; the working temperature of the hot water storage tank is 180℃, and the gas pressure of the high-pressure gas is not less than 1MPa.

[0017] Preferably, the number of cold water storage tanks and hot water storage tanks is multiple, and the multiple cold water storage tanks and hot water storage tanks are arranged at intervals and at the same level.

[0018] Preferably, the number of water delivery systems is two groups, and the water pump of one group of water delivery systems draws water from the hot water storage tank to the cold water storage tank through the water delivery pipe, and the water pump of the other group of water delivery systems draws water from the cold water storage tank to the hot water storage tank through the water delivery pipe.

[0019] Preferably, the water pump is a one-way water pump or a two-way water pump.

[0020] Preferably, valves are installed on the water delivery pipe near the cold water storage tank and the hot water storage tank, on the delivery pipe near the water pump, and on the gas communication pipe near the gas supply mechanism.

[0021] Preferably, the cold water storage tank and the hot water storage tank are spherical tanks or C-shaped horizontal tanks.

[0022] In another aspect, the application also provides a method for operating a compressed air energy storage system using high-pressure high-temperature hot water storage, which comprises the following steps:

[0023] 1) Preparation:

[0024] Before the system is operated, water is first injected into the cold water storage tank and the water delivery pipe, and then the gas supply mechanism is started to input high-pressure gas into the cold water storage tank and the hot water storage tank to make the gas pressure in the tank reach a pressure set value; after the system is operated, when the gas pressure decreases, the gas supply mechanism is automatically started to supplement the gas and maintain the gas pressure at no less than the pressure set value.

[0025] 2) Energy storage and heat storage process:

[0026] The first-stage air compressor is started to compress air to high pressure, and the air temperature rises during the compression process. After being cooled by the heat exchanger, the air is compressed again by the next-stage air compressor, and so on, until the multi-stage compression of the air is completed and the air is stored in the gas storage system, completing the conversion of electric energy to air pressure energy. At the same time, the water pump is started to deliver the low-temperature cold water in the cold water storage tank to the heat exchanger, which is heated to a high-temperature set value during the process of cooling the high-temperature air, and then sent to the hot water storage tank for storage. The high-pressure gas in the hot water storage tank flows into the cold water storage tank through the gas communication pipe as the water level rises. When the heat storage process is completed, the water level in the cold water storage tank decreases to a protection water level, and the upper part is replaced by high-pressure gas.

[0027] 3) Energy release and heat release process:

[0028] The compressed air is released from the air storage system, heated by the heat exchanger, and then enters the first stage expander to expand and do work, after the work is completed, the compressed air is heated by the heat exchanger again, and then enters the next stage expander to expand and do work, and so on, until the multi-stage expansion of the compressed air is completed, and the compressed air is discharged into the atmosphere, and the conversion from pressure energy to electric energy is completed; at the same time, the water pump is started to send the high-temperature hot water in the hot water storage tank to the heat exchanger to heat the gas, and after the hot water is cooled to a low temperature set value, it is sent to the cold water storage tank for storage, and the high-pressure gas in the cold water storage tank flows to the hot water storage tank through the gas communication pipe as the water level rises, and at the end of the heat release process, the water level in the hot water storage tank drops to the protection water level, and the upper part is replaced by high-pressure gas.

[0029] The above steps 2) and 3) are repeated to realize the storage and release of electric energy and heat.

[0030] Preferably, the water injected into the cold water storage tank and the water pipe is desalted water or industrial water.

[0031] Preferably, the high temperature set value is 180℃, the low temperature set value is 50℃, and the pressure set value is 1MPa.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. High energy storage efficiency: the rated operating efficiency can reach more than 70%, which is about 10%-20% higher than that of the same scale foreign compressed air energy storage power station. Low unit cost: the cost of the system after large-scale industrialization can reach 4000-6000 yuan / kW or 1000-1500 yuan / kWh, which is basically equivalent to the unit cost of the pumped storage system and lower than other energy storage technologies. Long system life: the system life is 30-50 years, and no additional large-scale investment is needed during this period. Environmentally friendly: the energy storage system does not involve the combustion of fossil fuels and does not emit any harmful substances. The excess heat and cold energy generated during system operation can realize comprehensive energy supply, and industrial waste heat can be recovered and reused.

[0034] 2. Comprehensive consideration of investment and power station efficiency: according to the properties of water and steam, the present application proposes a scheme of using 180℃ high-temperature hot water for heat storage, which not only can greatly reduce the investment of the heat storage system (the maximum pressure bearing value of the hot water storage tank and the cold water storage tank can reach 1.5MPa or more), but also can maintain a high efficiency of the compressed air energy storage power station, solving the problems of high investment of the heat storage system and low efficiency of the compressed air energy storage power station caused by the use of low-temperature hot water for heat storage, and balancing the investment and the efficiency of the power station.

[0035] 3. The application can maintain a certain pressure in the system by connecting the hot water tank and the cold water tank through the upper air pipeline and injecting high-pressure air at the initial stage of system operation. When the hot water tank supplies water to the cold water tank, the high-pressure air is driven to the hot water tank, and the hot water tank is also in a high-pressure state, and vice versa. The application avoids the waste of energy caused by the use of external high-pressure air to maintain pressure and solves the problem of maintaining pressure in the high-pressure and high-temperature hot water heat storage system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 is the structure diagram of the compressed air energy storage system using high-pressure and high-temperature hot water storage of the embodiment one of the application.

[0037] Figure 2 is Figure 1 is the detailed structure diagram of the high-temperature hot water heat storage system.

[0038] Figure 3 is the structure diagram of the high-temperature hot water heat storage system of the compressed air energy storage system of the embodiment two of the application.

[0039] Figure 4 is the structure diagram of the high-temperature hot water heat storage system of the compressed air energy storage system of the embodiment three of the application.

[0040] Figure 5 is the structure diagram of the compressed air energy storage system of the embodiment three of the application.

[0041] Figure 6 is the structure diagram of the high-temperature hot water heat storage system of the compressed air energy storage system of the embodiment four of the application.

[0042] Figure 7 is the structure diagram of the high-temperature hot water heat storage system of the compressed air energy storage system of the embodiment five of the application.

[0043] Figure 8 is the structure diagram of the high-temperature hot water heat storage system of the compressed air energy storage system of the embodiment six of the application.

[0044] Figure 9 is the change curve diagram of the saturation pressure value of water with the increase of temperature.

[0045] The reference signs: 1-compressor; 2-expander; 3-heat exchanger; 4-gas storage system; 5-high-temperature hot water heat storage system; 51-hot water storage tank; 52-cold water storage tank; 53-gas communication pipe; 54-gas supply mechanism; 55-water supply system; 551-water supply pipe; 552-water pump; 5521-one-way water pump; 5522-two-way water pump; 56-valve; 6-air cooler; 7-cooling tower. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] To help those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with specific examples. However, it should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting this patent. To better illustrate this embodiment, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the dimensions of actual products. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings. The positional relationships described in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting this patent.

[0047] The following is combined with Figures 1-9 The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but is not intended to limit the present invention.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a compressed air energy storage system that uses high-pressure, high-temperature hot water for heat storage. The compressed air energy storage system includes a compressor 1, an expander 2, a heat exchanger 3, an air storage system 4, and a high-temperature hot water heat storage and release system 5. The present invention adopts a multi-stage compression system and a multi-stage expansion system. That is, this embodiment preferably uses four compressors 1 and three expanders 2. The four compressors 1 are connected in series to the inlet of the air storage system 4, and a heat exchanger 3 is connected to the outlet of each compressor 1. The three expanders 2 are connected in series to the outlet of the air storage system 4, and a heat exchanger 3 is connected to the inlet of each expander 2. The high-temperature hot water heat storage and release system 5 is used to store heat generated during air compression and release heat required for air expansion.

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, the high-temperature hot water storage and release system 5 includes a hot water storage tank 51 and a cold water storage tank 52. The cold water storage tank 52 and the hot water storage tank 51 are connected to each other through a gas connecting pipe 53. The input end of the gas connecting pipe 53 is connected to the gas supply mechanism 54. The gas supply mechanism 54 is used to provide high-pressure gas to the cold water storage tank 52 and the hot water storage tank 51 through the gas connecting pipe 53 and maintain the air pressure in the tank; the cold water storage tank 52 and the hot water storage tank 51 are connected through two sets of water delivery systems 55. The two sets of water delivery systems 55 include water delivery pipes 551 and water pumps 552. In this embodiment, the water pump 552 adopts a one-way water pump 5521, that is, one of the one-way water pumps 5521 pumps water from the hot water storage tank 51 through a group of heat exchangers 3 to the cold water storage tank 52, and the other one-way water pump 5521 pumps water from the cold water storage tank 52 through another group of heat exchangers 3 to the hot water storage tank 51. Figure 2 The number of heat exchangers 3 is only partially shown as an example, and the specific number can be determined according to actual needs.

[0051] Both the hot water tank 51 and the cold water tank 52 utilize a large, pressure-bearing structure of equal capacity, preferably a spherical tank. Safety valves are located above the hot water tank 51 and the cold water tank 52 to ensure the pressure within the tank remains below a safe level. Nitrogen is preferred as the high-pressure gas, but high-pressure air may also be used.

[0052] The output end of the gas connecting pipe 53 is connected to the top of the hot water storage tank 51 and the cold water storage tank 52 respectively, and the water inlet and outlet of the water pipe 551 are connected to the bottom of the hot water storage tank 51 and the cold water storage tank 52 respectively.

[0053] Specifically, in this embodiment, the air supply mechanism 54 adopts an air compressor, which can inflate the hot water storage tank 51 and the cold water storage tank 52 according to the air pressure drop in the tank to maintain the air pressure in the tank. The real-time air pressure data can be monitored by a pressure sensor (not shown in the figure, conventional options in this field can be used).

[0054] Specifically, in this embodiment, valves 566 are installed on the water pipe 551 near the cold water storage tank 52 and the hot water storage tank 51, on the delivery pipe near the water pump 552, and on the gas connecting pipe 53 near the gas supply mechanism 54.

[0055] like Figure 9 As shown, within the range of 50-180°C, as the temperature rises, the corresponding saturated pressure value changes very little; after exceeding 180°C, the corresponding saturated pressure value rises sharply, and the pressure bearing requirements of the storage tank are very high. Taking into account the investment and power plant efficiency, and based on the physical properties of water and steam, the present invention proposes a solution using 180°C high-temperature hot water for heat storage. The saturated pressure corresponding to 180°C hot water is 1MPa, which is the most economical at this time and can ensure that the hot water does not boil. In this embodiment, in order to ensure the safe operation of the system equipment, the maximum pressure bearing value of the cold water storage tank 52 and the hot water storage tank 51 is increased to 1.6MPa, and the maximum temperature bearing value of the hot water storage tank 51 is increased to above 180°C.

[0056] This embodiment further provides an operating method for a compressed air energy storage system using high-pressure, high-temperature hot water for heat storage. The compressed air energy storage system using high-pressure, high-temperature hot water for heat storage in the above-mentioned solution is pre-assembled. The operating method includes:

[0057] 1) Preparation:

[0058] Before the system is put into operation, water is first injected into the cold water tank 52 and the water pipe 551. Then, the gas supply mechanism 54 is activated to input high-pressure gas into the cold water tank 52 and the hot water tank 51 so that the gas pressure in the tank reaches a pressure setting value of 1 MPa or above. After the system is put into operation, when the gas pressure drops, the gas supply mechanism 54 is automatically activated to replenish the system with gas to maintain the gas pressure at or above the pressure setting value of 1 MPa.

[0059] 2) Energy storage and heat storage process:

[0060] The first stage compressor 1 is started to compress air to high pressure, and the temperature of the air is increased during the compression process. The air is cooled by the heat exchanger 3 and then enters the next stage compressor 1 for re-compression. In this way, the air is compressed in multiple stages until the air is stored in the air storage system 4, and the conversion from electric energy to air pressure energy is completed. At the same time, the water pump 552 is started to deliver the low-temperature cold water in the cold water storage tank 52 to the heat exchanger 3 to cool the high-temperature air. The air is heated to a high-temperature set value of 180°C and then sent to the hot water storage tank 51 for storage. The high-pressure gas in the hot water storage tank 51 flows to the cold water storage tank 52 through the gas communication pipe 53 as the water level rises. At the end of the heat storage process, the water level in the cold water storage tank 52 drops to the protection water level, and the upper part is replaced by high-pressure gas.

[0061] 3) Energy release and heat release process:

[0062] The compressed air is released from the air storage system 4, and the compressed air is heated by the heat exchanger 3 and then enters the first stage expander 2 to expand and do work. After the work of the compressed air is completed, the compressed air is heated by the heat exchanger 3 and then enters the next stage expander 2 to expand and do work. In this way, the compressed air is expanded in multiple stages until it is discharged into the atmosphere, and the conversion from pressure energy to electric energy is completed. At the same time, the water pump 552 is started to deliver the high-temperature hot water in the hot water storage tank 51 to the heat exchanger 3 to heat the gas. The hot water is cooled to a low-temperature set value of 50°C and then sent to the cold water storage tank 52 for storage. The high-pressure gas in the cold water storage tank 52 flows to the hot water storage tank 51 through the gas communication pipe 53 as the water level rises. At the end of the heat release process, the water level in the hot water storage tank 51 drops to the protection water level, and the upper part is replaced by high-pressure gas.

[0063] The above steps 2) and 3) are repeated to realize the storage and release of electric energy and heat.

[0064] The water in the cold water storage tank 52 and the water in the water delivery pipe 551 is desalted water or tap water. The air in the water delivery pipe 551 needs to be evacuated, and the water level in the cold water storage tank 52 is not less than the protection water level.

[0065] Valves are installed near the inlets and outlets of the heat exchangers. When any one of the heat exchangers is working, the valves at the inlets and outlets of the other heat exchangers are closed.

[0066] Example Two

[0067] As Figure 3As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the high-temperature hot water storage and release system 5 of this embodiment is equipped with three hot water storage tanks 51 and three cold water storage tanks 52. Properly increasing the number of hot water storage tanks 51 and cold water storage tanks 52 can increase the overall energy and heat storage capacity of the system, thereby improving energy and heat storage efficiency. Specifically, to supply water between the three hot water storage tanks 51 and the three cold water storage tanks 52, three one-way water pumps 5521 are installed on each set of water pipes 551 to improve water delivery efficiency. That is, a one-way water pump 5521 is installed for each hot water storage tank 51 and each cold water storage tank 52.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] like Figure 4 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the high-temperature hot water storage and release system 5 of this embodiment is only provided with one set of water delivery systems 55. Specifically, the water pump 552 of this embodiment adopts a bidirectional water pump 5522, which can be used to pump water from the hot water storage tank 51 through the heat exchanger 3 to the cold water storage tank 52 through the water delivery pipe 551, and to pump water from the cold water storage tank 52 through the heat exchanger 3 to the hot water storage tank 51, and the water delivery direction can be switched.

[0070] like Figure 5 As shown, accordingly, the compressor 1 and expander 2 in the compressed air energy storage system of this embodiment are connected in parallel and share a set of heat exchangers 3, that is: when the compressor 1 is working, the inlet and outlet of the expander 2 are closed; when the expander 2 is working, the inlet and outlet of the compressor 1 are closed; valves are installed at the inlets and outlets of the compressor 1 and the expander 2.

[0071] Example 4

[0072] like Figure 6 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is that the high-temperature hot water storage and release system 5 of this embodiment is provided with three hot water storage tanks 51 and three cold water storage tanks 52. The three hot water storage tanks 51 and the three cold water storage tanks 52 are arranged at intervals and are all on the same horizontal plane. This can appropriately increase the number of hot water storage tanks 51 and cold water storage tanks 52 to improve the overall energy storage and heat storage capacity of the system, thereby improving energy storage and heat storage efficiency. Specifically, in order to supply water between the three hot water storage tanks 51 and the three cold water storage tanks 52, three bidirectional water pumps 5522 are provided on the water pipe 551 to improve water delivery efficiency. That is, each hot water storage tank 51 is provided with a corresponding bidirectional water pump 5522.

[0073] Example 5

[0074] like Figure 7 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that the cold water storage tank 52 and the hot water storage tank 51 of this embodiment both adopt C-shaped horizontal tanks, which are suitable for heat storage systems with smaller volume requirements.

[0075] Embodiment six

[0076] As Figure 8 shown, the embodiment is different from embodiment one in that the embodiment is configured with an air cooling system on the multi-stage compression system, the air cooling system comprising an air cooler 6 and a cooling tower 7 in communication with the air cooler, the air cooler being connected between the outlet of the heat exchanger and the inlet of the next compressor, for further reducing the temperature of the air coming out of the heat exchanger, so that the high-temperature exhaust gas of each stage enters the next stage after being cooled by the cooling water, thereby improving the compression efficiency.

[0077] According to the description and drawings of the present application, a person skilled in the art can easily manufacture or use the compressed air energy storage system using high-pressure high-temperature hot water and the operation method thereof, and can produce the positive effects described in the present application.

[0078] Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, in the present application, the terms "provided", "connected" and "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixedly connected, can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; can be connected inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0079] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any form. Any simple modification or equivalent change made according to the technical essence of the present application to the above embodiment falls within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A compressed air energy storage system using high pressure high temperature hot water thermal storage, the compressed air energy storage system comprising a plurality of compressors (1), a plurality of expanders (2), a plurality of heat exchangers (3) connected to the plurality of compressors (1) and the plurality of expanders (2) respectively, and a gas storage system (4), characterized in that, It also comprises a high-temperature hot water storage heat release system (5) for storing the heat generated by the compressed air of the compressor (1) and for releasing the heat required when the air of the expander (2) is expanded, said high-temperature hot water storage heat release system (5) comprising: at least one hot water storage tank (51) for storing high-temperature hot water; at least one cold water storage tank (52) for storing low-temperature cold water; said at least one cold water storage tank (52) and said at least one hot water storage tank (51) are connected to each other through a gas communication pipe (53), the input end of said gas communication pipe (53) is connected to a gas supply mechanism (54), said gas supply mechanism (54) is used to provide the first high-pressure gas filling to the cold water storage tank (52) and the hot water storage tank (51) through the gas communication pipe (53) and to maintain the gas pressure in the tank after the system is running; said at least one cold water storage tank (52) and said at least one hot water storage tank (51) are connected through at least one set of water delivery system (55), each set of water delivery system (55) comprises a water delivery pipe (551) and a water pump (552), said water pump (552) is used to pump water from the hot water storage tank (51) to the cold water storage tank (52) through the water delivery pipe (551) and / or from the cold water storage tank (52) to the hot water storage tank (51) through the water delivery pipe (551) through the heat exchanger (3); the working temperature of said hot water storage tank (51) is 180℃, and the gas pressure of said high-pressure gas is not less than 1MPa; said high-pressure gas is high-pressure nitrogen or high-pressure air.

2. The compressed air energy storage system employing high pressure high temperature hot water thermal storage of claim 1, wherein: The capacity of said at least one cold water storage tank (52) and said at least one hot water storage tank (51) is the same or the capacity of said at least one cold water storage tank (52) is slightly smaller than the capacity of said at least one hot water storage tank (51).

3. The compressed air energy storage system employing high pressure high temperature hot water thermal storage of claim 1, wherein: The maximum pressure bearing value of said at least one cold water storage tank (52) and said at least one hot water storage tank (51) needs to reach at least 1.5MPa, and the maximum temperature bearing value of said at least one hot water storage tank (51) needs to reach at least 180.

4. The compressed air energy storage system with high pressure high temperature hot water thermal storage of claim 1, wherein: The number of said cold water storage tank (52) and said hot water storage tank (51) is set to multiple, multiple said cold water storage tank (52) and multiple said hot water storage tank (51) are arranged at intervals and are on the same horizontal plane.

5. The compressed air energy storage system employing high pressure high temperature hot water thermal storage of claim 1, wherein: The number of said water delivery system (55) is set to two sets, the water pump (552) on one set of water delivery system (55) pumps water from the hot water storage tank (51) to the cold water storage tank (52) through the water delivery pipe (551), and the water pump (552) on the other set of water delivery system (55) pumps water from the cold water storage tank (52) to the hot water storage tank (51) through the water delivery pipe (551).

6. The compressed air energy storage system employing high pressure high temperature hot water thermal storage of claim 1, wherein: Said water pump (552) adopts a one-way water pump (5521) or a two-way water pump (5522).

7. The compressed air energy storage system with high pressure high temperature hot water thermal storage of claim 1, wherein: Valves (56) are installed on the water delivery pipe (551) near the cold water storage tank (52) and the hot water storage tank (51), on the delivery pipe near the water pump (552), and on the gas communication pipe (53) near the gas supply mechanism (54).

8. A method for operating a compressed air energy storage system using high-pressure, high-temperature hot water for heat storage, characterized in that: The running method of the compressed air energy storage system using high-pressure high-temperature hot water storage according to any one of claims 1-7 comprises: 1) preparation work: Before the system is running, first inject water into the cold water storage tank (52) and water pipe (551), and then start the gas supply mechanism (54) to input high pressure gas into the cold water storage tank (52) and the hot water storage tank (51) so that the gas pressure in the tank reaches above the pressure set value; after the subsequent system is running, when the gas pressure decreases, the gas supply mechanism (54) is automatically started to supplement the gas to the system and maintain the gas pressure not lower than the pressure set value; 2) Energy storage and heat storage process: Start the first stage compressor (1) to compress air to high pressure, and the air temperature rises during the compression process. After being cooled by the heat exchanger (3), the air enters the next stage compressor (1) for re-compression. In this way, the air is compressed in multiple stages until it is stored in the gas storage system (4), completing the conversion of electric energy to air pressure energy. At the same time, start the water pump (552) to deliver the low-temperature cold water in the cold water storage tank (52) to the heat exchanger (3) to be heated to a high temperature set value, and then sent to the hot water storage tank (51) for storage. The high-pressure gas in the hot water storage tank (51) flows into the cold water storage tank (52) through the gas communication pipe (53) as the water level rises. When the heat storage process is completed, the water level in the cold water storage tank (52) drops to the protection water level, and the upper part is replaced by high-pressure gas; 3) Energy release and heat release process: Release the compressed air from the gas storage system (4), and after being heated by the heat exchanger (3), the compressed air enters the first stage expander (2) to expand and do work. After the work of the compressed air is completed, it is heated by the heat exchanger (3) again and then enters the next stage expander (2) to expand and do work. In this way, the compressed air is expanded in multiple stages until it is discharged into the atmosphere, completing the conversion of pressure energy to electric energy. At the same time, start the water pump (552) to deliver the high-temperature hot water in the hot water storage tank (51) to the heat exchanger (3) to heat the gas. After the hot water is cooled to a low temperature set value, it is sent to the cold water storage tank (52) for storage. The high-pressure gas in the cold water storage tank (52) flows into the hot water storage tank (51) through the gas communication pipe (53) as the water level rises. When the heat release process is completed, the water level in the hot water storage tank (51) drops to the protection water level, and the upper part is replaced by high-pressure gas; Repeat steps 2) and 3) above to cyclically store and release electric energy and heat.

9. The method of operating a compressed air energy storage system employing high pressure high temperature hot water thermal storage of claim 8, wherein: The water injected into the cold water storage tank (52) and the water pipe (551) is desalted water or softened water.

10. The method of operating a compressed air energy storage system employing high pressure high temperature hot water thermal storage of claim 8, wherein: The high temperature set value is 180℃, the low temperature set value is 50℃, and the pressure set value is 1MPa.

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