A method for constructing garden plant communities to improve thermal comfort in hot and humid regions

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for constructing garden plant communities to improve thermal comfort in hot and humid regions. The method includes the following steps: determining hot and humid climate environmental parameters; using ENVI-met to simulate and analyze the microclimate of garden plant communities in hot and humid regions; using a single-factor controlled variable method to determine tree morphological indicators and community structure; selecting garden plants based on tree morphological indicators and planting them in combination according to the community structure in the planting area to form a garden plant community. The garden plant community obtained by this invention can achieve the functions of shading, cooling, ventilation, and dehumidification, providing a suitable garden microenvironment for human activities and achieving a unity of microclimate comfort and aesthetic appeal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of landscape design, specifically relating to a method for constructing a garden plant community to improve thermal comfort in hot and humid regions. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of urbanization and economic development, the urban heat island phenomenon has attracted increasing attention. Currently, the design of outdoor landscape spaces should no longer only consider people's visual aesthetic needs, but also pay extensive attention to and understand the impact of microclimate environmental conditions on people's basic physiological needs.

[0003] Currently, most landscape plant community construction techniques aim for higher three-dimensional green volume, greater vertical density, and richer community layers to achieve the goals of air purification, sterilization and bacteriostasis, cooling and humidification, oxygen release and carbon sequestration, and improved community aesthetics. However, in the humid and hot regions of South my country, the climate is relatively unique. Under such climatic conditions, existing technologies using excessively high-density plant communities and unscientific layout methods are not conducive to air circulation within small areas, easily leading to excessive humidity, stuffy environments, and the breeding of mosquitoes and other pests.

[0004] In summary, the existing methods for constructing urban plant communities in hot and humid regions have three main shortcomings:

[0005] 1. Under the characteristics of hot and humid summer climate, while plant community construction satisfies its ecological and artistic requirements, it does not take human comfort into account in depth.

[0006] 2. Plant design is hampered by the difficulty in measuring the specific impact of plant communities on various microclimate indicators, resulting in unclear reference criteria for plant selection and community construction.

[0007] 3. After a long period of growth, if the plant community is not properly managed or maintained, the plants may die or grow in a messy and dense manner, making it difficult to maintain the original form.

[0008] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, it is urgent to optimize the construction method of plant communities in hot and humid regions. A method for constructing garden plant communities to improve thermal comfort in hot and humid regions should be provided from three aspects: plant selection, structural construction, and management and maintenance. This method can meet the high level of garden living comfort while catering to the modern people's aesthetic trend of spaciousness and simplicity. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes a garden plant community for improving thermal comfort in hot and humid regions.

[0010] The present invention also proposes a method for constructing the above-mentioned garden plant community.

[0011] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for constructing a garden plant community to improve thermal comfort in hot and humid regions is provided, the method comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1. Determine the environmental parameters of hot and humid climate. Use ENVI-met to simulate and analyze the microclimate of garden plant communities in hot and humid areas. Use the single-factor control variable method to determine the tree morphology index and community structure respectively.

[0013] S2. Select trees based on tree morphology indicators and plant them in combination in the planting area according to the community structure to form a garden plant community.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the morphological indicators of the tree include branch height, crown width, leaf area density, or crown shape.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for determining the tree morphology indicators includes the following steps: using branch height, crown width, leaf area density, and crown shape as single variables, ENVI-met is used to simulate and analyze the microclimate of garden plant communities in hot and humid regions to obtain a predicted thermal average dissatisfaction index; the tree morphology indicators are classified according to the predicted thermal average dissatisfaction index obtained from the simulation of each tree morphology indicator, and the weight of each tree morphology indicator is determined; trees are selected based on the classification of all tree morphology indicators and the weight of the tree morphology indicators.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the weights of tree morphology indicators are determined using the MCE multi-standard evaluation method.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, the humid and hot climate environmental parameters used by ENVI-met to simulate and analyze the microclimate of garden plant communities in humid and hot regions include meteorological environmental parameters such as initial wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity, and / or solar radiation.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, the humid and hot climate environmental parameters are determined based on actual test results in humid and hot regions.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, the trees include mahogany, coral tree, flame tree, Ficus pumila, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus lancifolia, Ficus microcarpa var. chinensis, Ficus virens, Ficus spp., Elaeocarpus decipiens, Albizia julibrissin, Mahogany arboricola, Syzygium spp., Bodhi tree, Oroxylum indicum, Oroxylum indicum, Ficus microcarpa var. chinensis ... The following are listed: *Cassia fistula*, *Ficus weepingii*, *Ficus microcarpa*, *Syzygium hainanense*, *Sterculia foetida*, *Celtis sinensis*, *Broussonetia papyrifera*, *Magnolia grandiflora*, *Osmanthus fragrans*, *Magnolia x soulangeana*, *Carica papyrus*, *Plumeria rubra*, *Traveler's palm*, *Ficus microcarpa*, *Ceiba speciosa*, *Eucalyptus globulus*, *Magnolia denudata*, *Cycas revoluta*, *Cassia fistula*, *Eriobotrya japonica*, *Araucaria heterophylla*, *Callistemon laurentii*, *Syzygium buergerianum*, *Cassia fistula*, *Syzygium buergerianum*, *Tabebuia chrysantha*, *Pterocarya stenoptera*, *Rhapis excelsa*, *Salix matsudana*, *Panunculus spp.*, *Leucaena leucocephala*, *Juniperus chinensis*, *Cocos nudiflora*, *Acer palmatum*, *Areca catechu*, and *Terminalia catappa*.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present invention, the plant community structure includes a horizontal structure and a vertical structure. The horizontal structure includes a layout, canopy coverage, and community area. The vertical structure includes the height of the grass and shrub layer and the canopy line below the branches.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present invention, the layout includes upwind dense type, downwind dense type, uniform distribution type, parallel to wind direction type and perpendicular to wind direction type.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, the shape of the lower crown line includes a low-high-low pattern from west to east, a high-low-high pattern from west to east, a uniformly changing pattern, a high-low pattern from west to east, and a low-high pattern from west to east.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for determining the community structure includes the following steps: First, using canopy coverage as a single variable, ENVI-met is used to simulate and analyze the microclimate of garden plant communities in humid and hot regions to obtain a predicted thermal average dissatisfaction index; Under the condition of fixed canopy coverage, using the underbranch crown line as a single variable, ENVI-met is used to simulate and analyze the microclimate of garden plant communities in humid and hot regions to obtain a predicted thermal average dissatisfaction index; Under the condition of fixed canopy coverage and underbranch crown line, using the community area as a single variable, ENVI-met is used to simulate and analyze the microclimate of garden plant communities in humid and hot regions to obtain a predicted thermal average dissatisfaction index; The microclimate of garden plant communities in humid and hot regions was simulated and analyzed to obtain the predicted average thermal dissatisfaction index. Under the conditions of determining the canopy coverage, canopy line under branches, and community area, the layout mode was used as a single variable, and the ENVI-met simulation analysis of the microclimate of garden plant communities in humid and hot regions was used to obtain the predicted average thermal dissatisfaction index. Under the conditions of determining the canopy coverage, canopy line under branches, community area, and layout mode, the grass and shrub layer height was used as a single variable, and the ENVI-met simulation analysis of the microclimate of garden plant communities in humid and hot regions was used to obtain the predicted average thermal dissatisfaction index.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, the height of the grass and shrub layer is 0-2m.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present invention, the shrubs include at least one of the following: Cycas revoluta, Coral lyre-leaved cycad, Ixora chinensis, Areca palm, Spathiphyllum pulchella, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Codiaeum variegatum, Murraya paniculata, Rhododendron simsii, Jasminum nudiflorum, Camellia fruticosa, Lantana camara, Amur palm, Rhapis excelsa, Loropetalum chinense, Pittosporum tobira, Schefflera heptaphyllum, Jasminum sambac, Osmanthus fragrans, Gardenia jasminoides, Forsythia suspensa, Pterocarya stenoptera, Jasminum sambac, and Areca palm.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, the community structure is characterized by a canopy coverage of 70%–90%, a canopy line extending from west to east in a low-high-low pattern, a dense distribution downwind, and a community area of ​​2500 m². 2 +0-0.5m height of grass and shrub layer.

[0027] According to the embodiments of the present invention, at least the following beneficial effects are achieved:

[0028] This invention utilizes a single-factor controlled variable method to determine tree morphological indicators and community structure, constructing a garden plant community that improves thermal comfort in hot and humid regions. The invention's scheme involves purposefully selecting various community structure indicators and choosing the order in which these indicators are obtained. Under the condition of fixed optimal canopy coverage, the optimal canopy line under branches is obtained. Under the condition of fixed optimal canopy coverage and canopy line under branches, the optimal community area is obtained. Under the condition of fixed optimal canopy coverage, canopy line under branches, community area, and community area, the optimal layout is obtained. Under the condition of fixed optimal canopy coverage, canopy line under branches, community area, and layout, the optimal grass and shrub layer height is obtained. The selection of the community indicators in this invention's scheme can achieve a better effect in improving thermal comfort in hot and humid regions. The garden plant community obtained by this invention can achieve the functions of shading, cooling, ventilation, and dehumidification, providing a suitable garden microenvironment for human activities and achieving a unity of microclimate comfort and aesthetic appeal. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the nine community observation points in this embodiment of the invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a calculation diagram of different leaf area densities in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 These are fisheye images of different trees in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein A is Areca palm, B is beautiful silk floss tree, C is yellow maple and sycamore, D is flame tree, E is silver date palm and F is silver date palm.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a plan view of the different canopy coverage models in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 The following diagrams illustrate the effects of different canopy coverage rates on microclimate in Example 2 of this invention: A shows the effect of different canopy coverage rates on wind speed; B shows the effect of different canopy coverage rates on temperature; C shows the effect of different canopy coverage rates on moisture content; and D shows the PMV values ​​for different canopy coverage rates.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a plan view of the crown line of different branches in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the average wind speed along the crown line of different branches in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the average temperature of the crown line under different branches in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a graph showing the average moisture content of the crown line under different branches in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a graph showing the PMV values ​​of the crown line under different branches in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 11 This is a plan view of different community area models in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 12 The following diagrams illustrate the impact of different community areas on microclimate in Example 2 of this invention: A shows the impact of different community areas on wind speed; B shows the impact of different community areas on temperature; C shows the impact of different community areas on moisture content; and D shows the PMV values ​​for different community areas.

[0042] Figure 13 This is a plan view of the layout model in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, where A is the upwind dense type; B is the downwind dense type; C is the uniform distribution type; D is the parallel to the wind direction type; and E is the perpendicular to the wind direction type.

[0043] Figure 14 This is an average wind speed diagram for different layout configurations in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 15 This is an average temperature diagram of different layout configurations in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 16 This is a graph showing the average moisture content of different layout configurations in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 17 This is a graph showing the PMV values ​​of different layout configurations in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 18 This is a diagram showing the average wind speed at different grass and shrub heights in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 19 This is a graph showing the average temperature at different grass and shrub heights in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 20 This is a graph showing the average moisture content of different grass and shrub heights in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 21 This is a graph showing the PMV values ​​of different grass and shrub layers in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 22The above are modeling diagrams of individual tall trees under different branches in Embodiment 3 of the present invention, where A is 1m, B is 3m, C is 5m, D is 7m, and E is 9m.

[0052] Figure 23 This is a modeling diagram of tall tree communities under different branches in Embodiment 3 of the present invention, where A is 1m, B is 3m, C is 5m, D is 7m, and E is 9m;

[0053] Figure 24 These are modeling diagrams of individual trees with different crown shapes in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; wherein, A is umbrella-shaped, B is triangular, C is circular, D is oval, and E is cylindrical;

[0054] Figure 25 The following are modeling diagrams of different crown-shaped tree communities in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; wherein, A is umbrella-shaped, B is triangular, C is circular, D is oval, and E is cylindrical;

[0055] Figure 26 This is a modeling diagram of individual trees with different leaf area densities in Example 3 of the present invention; where A is 0.3m. 2 / m 3 B is 0.6m 2 / m 3 C is 0.9m 2 / m 3 D1.2m 2 / m 3 E is 1.5m 2 / m 3 ;

[0056] Figure 27 These are modeling diagrams of individual trees with different crown widths in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; where A is 2m, B is 4m, C is 6m, D is 8m, and E is 10m.

[0057] Figure 28 The following diagrams illustrate the effects of different branch heights on microclimate in Example 3 of this invention: A represents the PMV values ​​at different branch heights; B represents the effects of different branch heights on wind speed; C represents the effects of different branch heights on moisture content; and D represents the effects of different branch heights on temperature.

[0058] Figure 29 The following diagrams illustrate the effects of different canopy widths of trees on microclimate in Example 3 of this invention: A represents the PMV values ​​of different canopy widths; B represents the effects of different canopy widths on wind speed; C represents the effects of different canopy widths on moisture content; and D represents the effects of different canopy widths on temperature.

[0059] Figure 30The following diagrams illustrate the effects of different leaf area densities of trees on microclimate in Example 3 of this invention: A represents the PMV values ​​of different leaf area densities; B represents the effects of different leaf area densities on wind speed; C represents the effects of different leaf area densities on moisture content; and D represents the effects of different leaf area densities on temperature.

[0060] Figure 31 The following diagrams illustrate the effects of different canopy widths of trees on microclimate in Example 3 of this invention: A represents the PMV values ​​of different canopy widths; B represents the effects of different canopy widths on wind speed; C represents the effects of different canopy widths on moisture content; and D represents the effects of different canopy widths on temperature.

[0061] Figure 32 The diagram shows the effects of different tree crown shapes on microclimate in Example 3 of this invention; where A is the PMV value diagram for different crown shapes; and B is the effect diagram for different crown shapes on wind speed.

[0062] Figure 33 This is a graph showing the temperature change over time for different crown shapes of trees in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0063] Figure 34 This is a graph showing the change in moisture content over time for different leaf areas in Example 3 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The following will describe the concept and technical effects of the present invention clearly and completely with reference to embodiments, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] The urban microclimate simulation software ENVI-met was used as the simulation tool. ENVI-met, developed by Michael Bruse (University of Mainz, Germany), is a multi-functional system software used to simulate outdoor wind environments, urban heat island effects, and indoor natural ventilation in residential areas. ENVI-met consists of four modules: the modeling module ENVI-met Eddi Version, the programming module ENVI-met Configuration Editor, the calculation module ENVI-met V3.1 Default Config, and the results display module LEONARDO 3.75. The ENVI-met software provides a LEONARDO data post-processing module. After the numerical simulation calculation is completed, the simulation results are converted into two-dimensional images using the LEONARDO tool for convenient and intuitive comparative analysis. The LEONARDO tool divides temperature, humidity, and wind speed values ​​into multiple different color blocks, obtaining microclimate vector maps of the vegetation community in horizontal (xy-axis) or vertical (yz-axis) space, as well as two-dimensional color block distribution maps of meteorological parameters. It can also derive PMV values. The two-dimensional color patch distribution map derived by LEONARDO can describe the changes in various microclimate parameters in the external space of the entire community over time. In addition to the two-dimensional color patch distribution map, nine observation points were evenly set up at a height of 1.5m above the ground in each community. Figure 1 Data from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM was exported to Excel for analysis. The average of nine data points was taken for each community to reflect the overall situation of the community.

[0066] Design of ENVI-met plant models

[0067] Since the plant community areas designed for tree species are all no more than 30m × 30m and no more than 20m in height, with a horizontal buffer zone of 35m and a vertical buffer zone of 20m from the model boundary, the simulation area is 100m × 100m × 40m, with a grid number of 50 × 50 × 20 and a grid resolution of 2m × 2m × 2m. A 2m resolution is sufficient for studies in outdoor thermal environments. Higher grid resolutions place extremely high demands on the computer's computing power and have been found to easily cause software crashes in multiple experiments. Except for the canopy line, other community simulation areas designed for plant community structure require a slightly larger grid than the tree species area, set at 120m × 120m × 40m, with a grid number of 60 × 60 × 20 and a grid resolution of 2m × 2m × 2m. The study of the canopy line under the branches requires a larger simulation area due to the need for a longer space for canopy line design, specifically 160m×200m×40m, with a grid number of 80×100×20, a grid resolution of 2m×2m×2m, and a ground type of natural soil for the nested grids.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] This embodiment provides a method for constructing a garden plant community to improve comfort in hot and humid regions, including the following steps:

[0070] (1) Plant survey and research

[0071] A statistical analysis was conducted on the species and quantity of all trees, shrubs, and herbs on Ersha Island (excluding secondary forests). Tree height (m), crown width (m), branch height (m), and diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees were recorded using an infrared laser rangefinder and measuring tape. Fisheye images were captured using a fisheye lens, and leaf area density (LAD) was calculated using Gap Light Analyzer software. The plant side chain measurement instruments are shown in Table 1 (e.g., ...). Figure 2 and 3 (As shown).

[0072] Table 1 Plant measuring instruments

[0073]

[0074] (2) Based on the statistical results of garden plants in hot and humid areas, ENVI-met was used to simulate and analyze the microclimate of garden plant communities in hot and humid areas. The single-factor control variable method was used to analyze the tree morphological indicators (branch height, crown width, leaf area density, crown shape) and community structure (community structure includes horizontal structure and vertical structure. The indicators of horizontal structure are layout, crown coverage and community area. The indicators of vertical structure include grass and shrub layer height and branch height).

[0075] (3) Set boundary conditions for simulating the microclimate of garden plant communities in hot and humid regions.

[0076] Based on actual test results in humid and hot regions, initial meteorological environmental parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity, and / or solar radiation were set as boundary conditions for the microclimate simulation in humid and hot regions. The initial meteorological parameters were set to data measured on July 23, 2019 (the hottest day of the year), to highlight the impact of the design community on the microclimate under significantly humid and hot conditions. The 10m high wind speed and 2m high relative humidity were measured on that day, and the prevailing wind direction was set to southeast to enhance typicality. The ground roughness was set to the default urban average value of 0.1. Atmospheric 2500m specific humidity, cloud cover, soil parameters, building parameters, and other unlisted parameters were set to software default values. The simulation period was from 5:00 AM to 8:00 PM before sunrise, including the survey time and the subsequent simulation period from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM (as shown in Table 2).

[0077] Table 2 Initial Meteorological Parameter Settings

[0078]

[0079] (4) Determination of tree morphology indicators: Using branch height, crown width, leaf area density, and crown shape as single variables, ENVI-met was used to simulate and analyze the microclimate of garden plant communities in hot and humid areas to obtain the predicted thermal average dissatisfaction index. Based on the predicted thermal average dissatisfaction index obtained from the simulation of each tree morphology indicator, the tree morphology indicators were classified into 5 levels, and each level was assigned a corresponding score to obtain a scoring table for different types of trees. The weight of each microclimate indicator was determined by the MCE multi-standard evaluation method.

[0080] Determining the community structure: First, using canopy cover as a single variable, ENVI-met was used to simulate and analyze the microclimate of garden plant communities in humid and hot regions, obtaining the predicted thermal average dissatisfaction index. Then, with the optimal canopy cover fixed, the under-branch crown line was used as a single variable, and ENVI-met was used to simulate and analyze the microclimate of garden plant communities in humid and hot regions, obtaining the predicted thermal average dissatisfaction index. Finally, with the optimal canopy cover and under-branch crown line fixed, the community area was used as a single variable, and ENVI-met was used to analyze the microclimate of garden plant communities in humid and hot regions. Simulation analysis was conducted to obtain the predicted thermal average dissatisfaction index. Under the conditions of fixed optimal canopy coverage, underbranch canopy line, and community area, and with layout as the single variable, ENVI-met was used to simulate and analyze the microclimate of garden plant communities in humid and hot regions, obtaining the predicted thermal average dissatisfaction index. Under the conditions of fixed optimal canopy coverage, underbranch canopy line, community area, and layout, and with grass and shrub layer height as the single variable, ENVI-met was used to simulate and analyze the microclimate of garden plant communities in humid and hot regions, obtaining the predicted thermal average dissatisfaction index and the community structure.

[0081] (5) Select trees based on tree morphology indicators and plant them in the planting area according to the community structure to form a garden plant community.

[0082] in:

[0083] Trees include mahogany, coral tree, flame tree, Ficus pumila, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus lyrata, Ficus benjamina, Ficus lancifolia, Ficus virens, Ficus spp., Ficus virens, Adenium obesum, Elaeocarpus decipiens, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Mahogany spp., Syzygium spp., Bodhi tree, Oroxylum indicum, Oroxylum indicum, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus microcarpa 'Pendula' ... Ficus microcarpa, Ficus hainanensis, Sterculia foetida, Celtis sinensis, Broussonetia papyrifera, Magnolia grandiflora, Osmanthus fragrans, Magnolia × soulangeana, Papaya spp., Plumeria rubra, Traveler's palm, Ficus microcarpa, Ceiba speciosa, Eucalyptus globulus, Magnolia denudata, Cycas revoluta, Senna alpina, Eriobotrya japonica, Norfolk Island pine, Bottlebrush, Schefflera heptaphylla, Chestnut palm, Tabebuia chrysantha, Pterocarya stenoptera, Rhapis excelsa, String of pearls, Pandanus tectorius, Leucaena marginata, Juniperus chinensis, Cocos nucifera, Areca palm, Areca catechu, and Terminalia catappa.

[0084] Shrubs and grasses include cycads, fiddle-leaved coral, ixora, areca palm, spur-leaved hibiscus, hibiscus, croton, Murraya paniculata, azalea, jasmine, Fukien tea, lantana, yellow jasmine, palm, red-flowered loropetalum, pittosporum, schefflera, jasmine, osmanthus, gardenia, yellow false forsythia, privet, jasmine, areca palm.

[0085] Example 2

[0086] This embodiment screened the community structure. The community structure of the present invention includes horizontal and vertical structures. The horizontal structure indicators are selected from layout mode, canopy coverage, and community area. The vertical structure includes grass and shrub height and underbranch canopy line. First, the canopy coverage is determined; then, the underbranch canopy line is determined under the condition of fixed canopy coverage; finally, the community area is determined under the condition of fixed canopy coverage and underbranch canopy line; then, the layout mode is determined under the condition of determined canopy coverage, underbranch canopy line, community area, and layout mode. All of these are performed using a single variable. The community structure obtained by this embodiment is: 90% canopy coverage + linear type 1 (underbranch canopy line from west to east: low-high-low) + leeward dense type + community area of ​​2500m². 2 The grass and shrub layer height is +0-0.5m, and the specific screening method is as follows:

[0087] (1) Screening of tree canopy coverage

[0088] The canopy coverage model includes five scenarios with canopy coverage rates of 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%. The model's plan view is shown below. Figure 4As shown, the community simulation area designed with canopy coverage as the research object is set to 120m×120m×40m, with a grid number of 60×60×20 and a grid resolution of 2m×2m×2m. ENVI-met is used to simulate and analyze the layout.

[0089] Experimental results are as follows Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the wind speed is the highest when the canopy coverage is 10%, and the temperature is the lowest, the humidity is the highest, and the thermal comfort is the best when the canopy coverage is 90%. Therefore, a canopy coverage of 90% is selected.

[0090] (2) Selection of crown line under branches

[0091] The community simulation area, designed with the canopy line under the branches as the research object, was set to 160m×200m×40m, with a grid number of 80×100×20 and a grid resolution of 2m×2m×2m. The ground type for the nested grids was natural soil. Except for the index variables, all other physical parameters of the plant models constituting each community structure were controlled at the same level, with a fixed canopy coverage of 90%, for single-factor variable simulation. The elevation and plan views of the canopy line under the branches are shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the canopy line under the branches was set into 5 levels: Line Type 1 (canopy line under the branches from west to east: low-high-low), Line Type 2 (high-low-high), Line Type 3 (uniform change), Line Type 4 (high-low), and Line Type 5 (low-high). The canopy line under the branches was simulated and analyzed using ENVI-met.

[0092] Experimental results are as follows Figure 7-10As shown in the figure, line type 1 has the lowest predicted thermal mean dissatisfaction index (PMV), indicating better environmental thermal comfort than lines 2, 3, 4, and 5. Communities with trees planted on the windward side at relatively high branching points have less airflow reduction effect and higher wind speeds; for example, lines 2, 3, and 5 have significantly higher wind speeds than lines 1 and 4. Secondly, the study found that the richness of crown line variation is also related to wind speed. For instance, in lines 2 and 5 with relatively high branching points on the windward side, and lines 1 and 4 with relatively low branching points on the windward side, the richness of crown line variation is inversely proportional to wind speed, with the wind speed relationship being: line 5 > line 2, line 4 > line 1. Generally speaking, natural wind has a cooling effect, reducing community air temperature and improving environmental comfort. However, this invention found that line types 1 and 4, which have the strongest wind resistance, actually provide the best comfort. This is because summer temperatures in Guangzhou are high, and airflow in such a hot environment exacerbates the thermal conditions. Planting plants with lower branching points at the windward side can effectively block hot winds. Correlation analysis showed that the thermal comfort of the canopy line was significantly correlated with wind speed (r = 0.989, p = 0.001) and significantly correlated with moisture content (r = 0.929, p = 0.022), while temperature did not have a significant correlation with PMV values. The study indicates that changes in the community canopy line have relatively small effects on temperature and humidity, which is attributed to the similar planting density and tree species composition of the community, thus validating the findings of this invention.

[0093] (3) Screening of community area

[0094] The community simulation area, designed with community area as the research object, was set to 160m×200m×40m, with a grid number of 80×100×20 and a grid resolution of 2m×2m×2m. The ground type for the nested grids was natural soil. Except for the index variables, all other physical parameters of the plant models constituting each community structure were controlled at the same level. The parameters for optimal canopy coverage and underbranch canopy line were fixed, and single-factor variable simulations were performed for each index. The plan view of the community area model is shown below. Figure 11 As shown. Five levels are set, each 400m. 2 900m 2 1600m 2 2500m 2 3600m 2 The crown line under the branches was simulated and analyzed using ENVI-met.

[0095] Experimental results are as follows Figure 12 As shown, from Figure 12 As can be seen from this, the community area is 1600m². 2 The wind speed was optimal, the moisture content was highest, and the community area was 3600 m². 2The lowest temperature and the best overall thermal comfort experience were observed in communities with an area of ​​2500m². 2 .

[0096] (4) Selection of layout method

[0097] The layout is divided into five scenarios: dense upwind, dense downwind, uniformly distributed, parallel to the wind direction, and perpendicular to the wind direction. The layout model plan is shown below. Figure 13 As shown, the community simulation area designed with the layout as the research object is set to 120m×120m×40m, with a grid number of 60×60×20 and a grid resolution of 2m×2m×2m. The optimal canopy coverage, canopy line under branches and community area parameters are fixed, and the layout is simulated and analyzed using ENVI-met.

[0098] Experimental results are as follows Figure 14-17 As shown in the figure, the thermal comfort of densely planted communities downwind is better than that of densely planted communities upwind, evenly distributed communities, communities parallel to the wind direction, and communities perpendicular to the wind direction. Among these, the evenly distributed layout has the highest wind speed, while the densely planted communities downwind have the lowest temperature and the highest humidity. Overall, the densely planted communities downwind have the lowest PMV value. This is likely because communities without openings on the windward side and with even planting have greater wind resistance, such as the densely planted communities upwind. Communities densely planted perpendicular to the wind direction also have strong wind resistance because neither the windward nor leeward side has openings. Communities with openings on the windward side have higher wind speeds, and the densely planted communities parallel to the wind direction have openings on both sides, effectively guiding the wind in and out. Densely planted communities downwind have openings on the windward side but no openings on the leeward side, effectively guiding the wind in and blocking it out, allowing the wind to diffuse within the community and form small-scale eddies. The distribution of plants, opening characteristics, and enclosure methods within a community have a certain moderating effect on wind speed. Secondly, the different layouts result in different areas and sizes of solar radiation that trees can block, leading to significant differences in the overall temperature distribution characteristics within the five plant communities.

[0099] (5) Screening of grass and shrub layer height

[0100] The community simulation area designed with grass and shrub height as the research object was set to 120m×120m×40m, with a grid number of 60×60×20 and a grid resolution of 2m×2m×2m. Five gradients were set for grass and shrub height: 0m, 0.5m, 1m, 1.5m, and 2m. The parameters of optimal canopy coverage, underbranch crown line, community area, and layout were fixed, and the grass and shrub height was simulated and analyzed using ENVI-met.

[0101] Experimental results are as follows Figure 18-21As shown in the figure, the mean thermal dissatisfaction index (PMV) of the grass-shrub layer at a height of 0-0.5m is better than that of the grass-shrub layer community at a height greater than 0.5m. The difference in grass-shrub layer height has little impact on the temperature and humidity effect within the community. The improvement effect of community spatial microclimate is related to the permeability of the understory space, and the grass-shrub layer at lower heights provides a better thermal comfort experience.

[0102] Example 3: Tree Screening

[0103] (1) Plant survey and research

[0104] A statistical analysis was conducted on all tree, shrub, and herb species and quantities on Ersha Island (excluding secondary forests). Tree height (m), crown width (m), branch height (m), and diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees were recorded using an infrared laser rangefinder and a measuring tape. Fisheye images were captured using a fisheye lens, and leaf area density (LAD) was calculated using Gap Light Analyzer software.

[0105] Tree species include mahogany, coral tree, flame tree, Ficus pumila, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus lyrata, Ficus microcarpa 'Aurea', Ficus benjamina, Ficus virens, Ficus syriacus, Elaeocarpus decipiens, Albizia julibrissin, Mahogany arboricola, Syzygium serratum, Bodhi tree, Oroxylum indicum, Oroxylum indicum, Ficus microcarpa 'Butterfly Fruit', Ficus microcarpa 'Sugar Gum', Ficus microcarpa 'Flame Tree', Ficus altissima, Ficus altissima, Ficus altissima, Ficus altissima, Syzygium serratum, Syzygium serratum, Ficus microcarpa 'Indian Fruit', Lagerstroemia indica, Lagerstroemia indica, Acer palmatum, Ficus microcarpa 'Chandelier', Bauhinia purpurea, Livistona chinensis, Bombax ceiba, Melaleuca leucantha, Ficus microcarpa, Cassia fistula. Weeping fig, water stone fig, Hainan rose apple, false sterculia, hackberry, paper mulberry, lotus magnolia, osmanthus, two-spotted magnolia, papaya, frangipani, traveler's palm, variegated fig, beautiful kapok, eucalyptus, magnolia, cycad, yellow cassia, loquat, Norfolk Island pine, weeping bottlebrush, quince, chestnut, yellow trumpet tree, camphor tree thorn palm, king palm, golden string of pearls, pandanus, silver acacia, juniper, foxtail palm, areca palm, false areca and small-leaved almond.

[0106] (2) Establishment of tree morphological indicators and models

[0107] Plant communities designed with tree species as the research object have an area not exceeding 30m×30m and a height not exceeding 20m. With a horizontal buffer zone of 35m and a vertical buffer zone of 20m from the model boundary, the simulation area is 100m×100m×40m, with a grid number of 50×50×20 and a grid resolution of 2m×2m×2m. This 2m resolution is used in outdoor thermal environments. Four morphological indicators that significantly affect environmental airflow and solar radiation are selected as the subjects of the simulation study: branch height, crown width, leaf area density, and crown shape. Individual tree models are created in the Albero custom plant module of ENVI-met. Since the impact of a single tree on the microclimate in real parks and the simulated area is very limited, the simulation results cannot show significant differences between them. Furthermore, solitary tree planting is rarely used to regulate the microclimate in actual planting. Therefore, while controlling other variables, all individual trees are arrayed into a matrix of 9 trees (3×3 trees) as a small unit community under the initial meteorological parameters of the platform mentioned above (e.g., ...). Figure 22-27 (as shown). (3) Tree scoring rules and weights of each indicator

[0108] Experimental results of simulated data of tree physical parameters and microclimate indices are as follows: Figure 28-34 As shown in Table 3, the weights of various microclimate indicators were determined using the MCE multi-standard evaluation method based on the experimental results. The detailed scoring rules for trees are shown in Table 4.

[0109] Table 3 Scoring Table for Various Morphological Indicators of Trees

[0110]

[0111] Table 4

[0112] High under the branches Crown Leaf area density Coron Weight 0.2584 0.2665 0.2881 0.1869

[0113] (4) Tree screening results

[0114] Trees of different grades were selected based on the weight index of each tree. The selection results are shown in Table 5-8. As can be seen from the table, the present invention combines tree species with different weights and selects tree varieties with high comprehensive scores for compound planting.

[0115] Table 5. Comprehensive Score Table for Trees (Level I)

[0116]

[0117]

[0118] Table 6. Comprehensive Score Table for Trees (Level II)

[0119]

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] Table 7. Comprehensive Score Table for Trees (Level III)

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] Table 8. Comprehensive Score Table for Trees (Level IV)

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] Test case

[0129] According to the methods in Examples 1-3, the urban microclimate simulation software ENVI-met was used as a simulation tool to construct communities suitable for the Guangzhou area with high temperature and high humidity in summer.

[0130] Trees with a weighted score greater than 4.0 were selected from the Tree Comprehensive Score Table (Level I), based on the community structure [90% canopy coverage + linear type 1 (canopy line under branches from west to east: low-high-low) + leeward dense type + community area of ​​2500m²]. 2 A grass and shrub layer height of +0-0.5m was used to carry out mixed planting to obtain the garden community structure, which was then simulated using the urban microclimate simulation software ENVI-met.

[0131] The results show that the garden plant community constructed using the method proposed in this application is more suitable for Ersha Island in Guangzhou, with a PMV value lower than 3.1. In contrast, the PMV value of Ersha Island measured at the same location without the proposed method during the same testing period (12:00–14:00) was 6.22. Furthermore, the garden plant community constructed using the garden community structure obtained without the proposed method, when simulated using the urban microclimate simulation software ENVI-met, showed a PMV value higher than 3.62 for Ersha Island during the same testing period (12:00–14:00). These results indicate a significant decrease in PMV value compared to the measured PMV value of Ersha Island without the proposed method, suggesting that the community formed by the proposed method is more suitable for Guangzhou's hot and humid summer climate.

[0132] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other unless otherwise specified.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a garden plant community for improving thermal comfort in a hot and humid region, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, determining a hot and humid climate environment parameter, simulating and analyzing a microclimate of a garden plant community in a hot and humid region by using ENVI-met, and determining arbor form indexes and community structures by using a single factor control variable method; S2, selecting arbor according to the arbor form indexes and performing compound planting according to the community structures in a planting area to form a garden plant community; The arbor form indexes comprise a branch height, a crown width, a leaf area density and a crown shape; The method for determining the arbor form indexes comprises the following steps: taking the branch height, the crown width, the leaf area density and the crown shape as single variables respectively, simulating and analyzing the microclimate of the garden plant community in the hot and humid region by using ENVI-met to obtain a predicted average unsatisfied index of heat, grading the arbor form indexes according to the predicted average unsatisfied index of heat obtained by simulating each arbor form index, determining weights of the arbor form indexes, and selecting arbor with a weighted score greater than 4.0; The community structure of the arbor comprises a horizontal structure and a vertical structure, the horizontal structure comprises a layout mode, a crown coverage rate and a community area, the vertical structure comprises a shrub layer height and a branch height, and the branch height has a low-high-low linear type from west to east; The tree crown coverage is 70%-90%; the community area is 2500m 2 ; the grass-shrub layer height is 0-0.5m; and the layout mode is dense in the downwind direction. The garden plant community is a garden plant community with functions of shading, cooling, ventilation and dehumidification; The hot and humid region is Ersha Island in Guangzhou.

2. The construction method of claim 1, wherein, The weights of the arbor form indexes are determined by using a MCE multi-criteria evaluation method.

3. The construction method of claim 1, wherein, The hot and humid climate environment parameters for simulating and analyzing the microclimate of the garden plant community in the hot and humid region by using ENVI-met comprise meteorological environment parameters of initial wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation.

4. The construction method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The hot and humid climate environment parameters are determined according to actual test results in the hot and humid region.

5. The construction method of claim 1, wherein, The arbor comprises at least one of mahogany, erythrina, phoenix tree, fiddleleaf fig, banyan, man face, green yellow fig tree, sea red bean, duying, naya palm, mango mahogany, guava, bodhi tree, butterfly, butterfly fruit, sugar gum tree, flame tree, autumn maple, high mountain fig, mixed color fig, anise, guava, guava, Indian fig, large flower lagerstroemia, lagerstroemia, umbrella maple, chandelier tree, Chinese redbud, sago palm, white melaleuca, fig tree, sausage tree, ficus elastica, water stone fig, hainan guava, false sycamore, catalpa, structure tree, magnolia, acacia, cycas, yellow kuan deciduous, loquat, conifer, red tip, pot rack, melastoma, yellow bell, camphor laurel, king palm, golden string money, podocarpus, silver acacia, round cypress, fox tail coconut, scattered tail kui, false areca and small leaf elm.

6. The construction method of claim 1, wherein, The method for determining the community structure comprises the following steps: firstly, taking the tree canopy coverage as a single variable, using ENVI-met to simulate and analyze the microclimate of the garden plant community in a hot and humid area, and obtaining a predicted heat average dissatisfaction index; under the condition of fixed tree canopy coverage, taking the under-branch crown line as a single variable, using ENVI-met to simulate and analyze the microclimate of the garden plant community in a hot and humid area, and obtaining a predicted heat average dissatisfaction index; under the condition of fixed tree canopy coverage and under-branch crown line, taking the community area as a single variable, using ENVI-met to simulate and analyze the microclimate of the garden plant community in a hot and humid area, and obtaining a predicted heat average dissatisfaction index; under the condition of fixed tree canopy coverage, under-branch crown line and community area, taking the layout mode as a single variable, using ENVI-met to simulate and analyze the microclimate of the garden plant community in a hot and humid area, and obtaining a predicted heat average dissatisfaction index; under the condition of fixed tree canopy coverage, under-branch crown line, community area and layout mode, taking the height of the grass and shrub layer as a single variable, using ENVI-met to simulate and analyze the microclimate of the garden plant community in a hot and humid area, and obtaining a predicted heat average dissatisfaction index.

7. The construction method of claim 1, wherein, The grass and shrub include at least one of sago palm, chionanthus retusus, tabernaemontana pandora, poinsettia, lepidagathis cunninghamia, malveca, variegated wood, cinnamomum pedunculum, rhododendron, holly, camellia sinensis, lantana, yellow camellia, chamaerops humilis, lachnothamnus, sea-tortoise, jasmine, osmanthus, gardenia, yellow false forsythia, eucalyptus, grey lily, and poinsettia.

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