Grate block for a combustion grate

Abstract

The invention relates to a grate block (10) for a grate of an incinerator. The grate block (10) comprises a block body (12) having an upper wall (14) forming a support surface (16) along which incineration material is to be conveyed, and a front wall (20) having a support edge (23) designated for contact with the support surface of an adjacent grate block in a pushing direction S, wherein the upper wall (14) has an air supply opening (35) constituted by an air supply channel (38). The air supply opening (35) is at least partially surrounded by a thickening (50) protruding from the support surface (16), which forms a protection channel (57) extending the air supply channel (38) and is designated for preventing liquid from flowing into the air supply opening (35).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The invention relates to a grate block for a grate and to a method for producing a grate block. Furthermore, the invention relates to a molding for fastening on an upper wall of a grate block forming a grate.

[0002] The invention also relates to a grate comprising at least one such grate block and to the use of the grate for incinerating waste and to a waste incineration plant comprising such a grate. BACKGROUND

[0003] Grates for large-scale incineration of waste are known to the person skilled in the art. Such grates can exist in the form of a pusher grate, which comprises a movable element adapted to perform a poking stroke. Here, the incineration mass is fed from the entry-side end of the grate to the exit-side end thereof and is incinerated in the process. In order to supply the grate with the oxygen required for incineration, a corresponding air supply duct is provided, through which air, also referred to as primary air, is fed.

[0004] A grate commonly used is the so-called stepped grate. It comprises grate blocks which are arranged side by side and form a row of grate blocks each. The rows of grate blocks are arranged in a stepped manner one above the other, wherein, in the so-called advancing grate, the end of the grate block which is in front, viewed in the direction of travel, rests on a support surface of the adjacent grate block which is lowered along the conveyor and is moved on this support surface in the corresponding pushing movement.

[0005] In the case of the so-called retreating grate, the grate blocks are arranged approximately 180° rotated compared to the advancing grate, viewed in the direction of travel of the incineration mass. Thus, in the case of the retreating grate, the front end of the grate block, viewed in the direction of travel, rests on the support surface of the respective preceding grate block. In contrast to the advancing grate, the direction of travel in the retreating grate is thus opposite to the direction of travel caused by the inclination of the retreating grate.

[0006] DE 195 02 261 Al discloses a grate for incineration, which comprises a plurality of rows of grate bars, which are arranged one after the other in a stepped manner, seen in the direction of conveyance of the incineration material. The grate for incineration further comprises support grate bars, which have a similar shape as the grate bars and are shortened according to the length of the nozzle plate. In one embodiment, the nozzle plate can be formed by a hollow nozzle box, in which, seen in the direction of conveyance of the incineration material, a plurality of air nozzles, in particular swirl nozzles, are integrated in the end face and the front upper section. The swirl nozzle design is not referred to in more detail. The nozzle plate is equipped with means by which it can be hung on the support grate bars. The so-called swirl nozzle grate path is formed by a plurality of support grate bars and the nozzle plates hung on the support grate bars and can extend over the width of the grate for incineration. The swirl nozzle grate path can be supplied with compressed air and swirl air independently of the main air system of the grate for incineration. The incineration or slag layer is torn apart and tumbled with the input of pulsed compressed air. The resulting tumbling leads to a loosening of the incineration on the grate, whereby a better burnout of incompletely incinerated incineration particles is achieved. In addition, the compressed air pulses cause the nozzle plate to self-clean, since incineration particles or ash particles that have entered the air nozzle are blown out again.

[0007] DE 202017006429 Ul discloses a grate bar for a grate for incineration, wherein the grate for incineration comprises a plurality of rows of grate bars, which are arranged one after the other like a staircase, seen in the direction of conveyance of the incineration material. The grate bar comprises a front side foot and an upper working surface for the front side foot of one grate bar of a higher row of grate bars. The working surface has a profile with recesses / convexities for deflecting the grate bar of the higher row during the advancing movement of the rows of grate bars of the grate for incineration. However, there is no reference to the provision of air supply openings in the grate bar in this document.

[0008] DE 29807161 Ul discloses a grate plate made of cast steel for the transport and cooling, heating, drying or incineration of bulk material, which has recesses arranged in a grid on its top side. The recesses are provided with through air. The through air openings are formed in the recesses, i.e. in a plane below the surface of the top side of the grate plate, using the knowledge that larger material parts in the bulk material move over the top side of the grate plate without touching the edge of the through air opening. Furthermore, after a certain time, a thin layer of fine-grained material deposits in the recesses, which acts as a cushion and thus protects the edge of the through air opening. Thus, the through air can be ensured for a long time without having to inspect the grate plate.

[0009] The grate blocks are subjected to very high thermal loads, mainly due to the high temperatures in the incineration process or in the incineration chamber. The thermal loads become high during normal operation of the grate for incineration, especially in the area of the upper wall of the grate block, which forms a support surface and along which the incineration material is conveyed, and in the area of the front wall of the grate, which forms a push surface for pushing the incineration material.

[0010] When the incineration is not evenly distributed over the grate and only locally forms or is completely without a thin layer of incineration insulation, very high loads occur. This thermal load promotes corrosion caused by friction and chemical reactions occurring on the support surface, which further damages the support surface. This ultimately leads to a reduced service life of the grate block.

[0011] For cooling the grate block and for air supply to the incineration grate, air supply channels constituting air supply openings can be formed in the upper wall and / or in the front wall.

[0012] Especially when the air supply channels are formed in the upper wall, a clogging by incineration and / or incineration residues can occur, so that the air supply for cooling the grate block and for promoting the incineration of the incineration is no longer effectively carried out. This ultimately leads to an increase in maintenance costs and to a reduction in the service life of the grate block.

[0013] Furthermore, materials contained in the incineration can at least partially change into a liquid during the incineration, for example metals, plastics or tar. In the present application, the term "part" of the incineration relates to the material contained in this material, the part in the liquid state being referred to as "liquid part".

[0014] The liquid part can also flow into the air supply channels and cause the air supply to be adversely affected, in particular in the case of air supply channels formed in the upper wall. In the solidified state, the part can even cause a permanent clogging of the air supply channels.

[0015] EP 0167658 A1 describes a grate block for building an incineration grate, which comprises a box-like block. The block has an upper wall forming a support surface for the incineration, wherein the upper wall has air supply openings formed by air supply channels for introducing a gas, in particular air, into the incineration and for cooling the grate block. In one embodiment, the air supply openings are designed as slits and curved against the force of gravity at their gas inlet in the cross section in the shape of a siphon, in order to form an obstacle preventing the incineration or incineration residues from entering and falling through the air supply openings. Due to the air supply channels in the upper wall, it can be cooled. However, the design of the disclosed air supply channels supports the accumulation of liquid incineration in the air supply channels. SUMMARY

[0016] The task to be accomplished according to the present application is to provide a grate block as mentioned in the introduction, in which the risk of air supply by means of the air supply channels being adversely affected is minimized in operation.

[0017] The task is accomplished by a grate block.

[0018] The present invention therefore relates to a grate block for an incinerator grate, in which successive grate blocks are arranged in a stepped manner and designed to re-stacking and convey incinerator material during incineration by means of a pushing motion relative to each other. The pushing motion can be performed, for example, by means of relative movement between grate blocks of different steps in the incinerator grate, in a known manner. As mentioned above, such an incinerator grate is also referred to as a stepped grate.

[0019] Furthermore, the grate block comprises a block preferably designed as a casting. Typically, the block is designed as an elongated parallelepiped with a longitudinal axis L.

[0020] The block includes an upper wall that forms a support surface along which incinerators are conveyed and which defines the incinerator side of the upper wall. Viewed in the pushing direction S, the foremost end of the support surface forms an edge through which the support surface falls into the pushing surface formed by the front wall.

[0021] The side of the upper wall facing away from the support surface and the side of the front wall facing away from the push surface define the cold air side of the block.

[0022] In addition, the front wall is designed in a foot-like shape in its lowest region, which is designated for placement on the support surface of the grate block adjacent to it along the pushing direction S.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the grate block of the present invention, designated for use with an advancing grate, the foot is thus rested on the grate block or its supporting surface following along the incinerator conveying direction. However, it is also conceivable that the grate block of the present invention is designated for use with a retracting grate, in which case the foot rests on the grate block or its supporting surface preceding along the incinerator conveying direction T.

[0024] The pushing direction S indicates the direction in which the incinerator is pushed by the pushing surface of the grate blocks. Typically, the pushing direction S is parallel to the longitudinal axis L.

[0025] The conveying direction T indicates the direction of movement of the incinerator material from the inlet to the outlet of the incinerator grate. The conveying direction T is mainly indicated by the inclination of the incinerator grate.

[0026] At least the front support edge of the pushing surface is arranged in a plane E extending substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L. It is conceivable that the surface located in the lowest region of the front wall, whose lower end is formed by the front support edge, is arranged in plane E. However, it is also conceivable that only a line drawn by the front support edge is arranged in plane E.

[0027] Furthermore, the upper wall has an air inlet formed by an air supply channel extending through the upper wall. In the context of this application, the air inlet is also understood as an air outlet. This achieves optimal air supply to the incinerator grate or the combustion bed on the incinerator grate, which contributes to a high burnout rate of the incinerator.

[0028] Hereinafter, the term "air" includes the so-called primary air supplied to the incinerator grate or the combustion bed on the incinerator grate. Primary air primarily contributes to the complete combustion of the incinerator, but also contributes to the cooling of the grate blocks of the incinerator grate.

[0029] The front wall may have another air inlet, which is formed by another air supply channel extending perpendicularly or inclined to the drive surface when viewed in longitudinal section, for supplying air to the incinerator grate. This also supports the complete combustion of incinerator materials.

[0030] According to the invention, the air inlet is at least partially surrounded by a thickened portion protruding from the support surface. The thickened portion forms a protective channel that extends the air supply passage and is designed to prevent liquid from flowing into the air inlet. That is, a portion of the incinerator can, as previously described, at least partially become liquid during incineration and can flow into the air supply passage. Therefore, the air supply is adversely affected, making the incineration of the incinerator and the cooling of the grate blocks inefficient. The thickened portion of the invention causes the liquid portion to flow around the thickened portion instead of entering the air supply passage. Therefore, the risk of blockage of the air supply passage can be reduced. In particular, the blockage of the air supply passage by the portion in a solidified state can be reduced.

[0031] The air outlet is preferably completely surrounded by a thickened portion protruding from the support surface. This means that the thickened portion forms a continuous frame around the air outlet. Therefore, it is possible to at least almost completely prevent liquid from flowing into the protective channel and then into the air supply channel.

[0032] The protective channel is surrounded by the inner side of the thickened portion. Furthermore, the thickened portion has an outer side that adjoins the inner side and extends downwards on the side opposite to the protective channel. Therefore, the outer side essentially corresponds to the external region of the thickened portion exposed to the incinerator. In this document, the term "side" defines a laterally inclined, possibly inclined, thickened wall.

[0033] The protective channel includes a lower protective channel opening at the end of the protective channel facing the support surface and an upper protective channel opening at the end of the protective channel away from the support surface, i.e., on the side of the thickened portion facing the incinerator.

[0034] In one embodiment, the inner surface may be formed adjacent to the air outlet, i.e., the lower protective channel opening surrounds the air outlet. The term "adjacent" means that a supporting surface area may exist between the air outlet and the inner surface surrounding the air outlet. When the replacement thickening is welded around the air outlet as will be explained below, for example, in the case of a repair, the net opening of the protective channel of the replacement thickening is wider than the net opening of the protective channel of the earlier thickening. However, it should be noted that in this embodiment, the protective channel, by its widening, forms a collection area for incinerators and incineration residues. To keep this effect within limits, the profile of the lower protective channel opening is advantageously as close as possible to the profile variation of the air outlet.

[0035] This inner surface is particularly preferably formed immediately adjacent to the edge of the air inlet. In other words, the inner surface begins directly at the edge of the air inlet, so that the lower protective channel opening corresponds to the air inlet. Therefore, the widening of the protective channel can be reduced and the inherently undesirable interception of incinerator material around the air inlet can be minimized. This supports efficient cooling of the grate blocks by reducing blockage.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the thickened portion is designed as a raised ridge. The raised design of the thickened wall ensures that the incinerator can be smoothly conveyed through the grate blocks, i.e., without tilting due to angular unevenness.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the air supply channel has slit-shaped air inlets oriented longitudinally along the grate blocks. Here, the width of the air inlets is selected to minimize the amount of slag and combustion residue generated during combustion that falls through the air supply channel and causes blockage. This ensures reliable cooling of the grate blocks.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the thickened transition zone extending between the inner and outer surfaces is flattened or rounded. This design of the thickened portion reduces the risk of incinerator material being blocked by the edge region of the thickened portion during transport on the incinerator grate, thus completely or partially obstructing the air supply passage. This also supports efficient cooling of the grate blocks.

[0039] Hereinafter, the term "cross section" should be understood as a section in a plane extending perpendicularly to the supporting surface.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, viewed in cross-section, the inner side extends at least in the lower region of the inner side facing the support surface, and is at least approximately perpendicular to the support surface. This further reduces the widening of the protective channel, thereby weakening the capture effect and ultimately reducing the amount of incinerator residue that accumulates in the protective channel. This also improves airflow via the air supply channel.

[0041] The inner surface preferably extends perpendicular to the support surface, at least approximately extending over its entire height. In this embodiment, the free cross-section of the protective channel is at least approximately the same as that of the air inlet. Therefore, because the opening of the upper protective channel defines the narrowest point of the protective channel, the risk of incinerator material accumulating in the protective channel can be minimized.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the cross-section of the protective channel is designed to widen, particularly continuously, in the direction from the end of the protective channel opposite to the support surface to the support surface. This design of the protective channel allows for easy discharge of incineration residue entering the protective channel. That is, it is further pressed into the protective channel by the incinerator located on the grate block towards the cold air side and released due to the widening of the protective channel. Therefore, air supply blockage can be avoided.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the cross-section of the air supply passage widens continuously, particularly away from the support surface. This embodiment has the advantage that the widening allows for easier flow of incinerator material, especially slag, away from the air supply passage, as explained in conjunction with the protective passage. Therefore, blockage of the air supply passage can be avoided, and efficient air supply, particularly efficient cooling of the grate blocks, can be ensured.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the cross-section of the air supply duct and / or protection duct is tapered and widened, wherein the generatrix of the taper forms an angle of 10 to 30 degrees with respect to a direction R extending perpendicular to the support surface. This angle is preferably 15 degrees. Another advantage of this embodiment is that it can be easily manufactured, particularly by casting.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, viewed in cross-section, the outer surface widens and extends in a direction from the end of the thickened portion opposite to the support surface to the support surface, particularly widening continuously. Therefore, the basic shape of the thickened portion is reminiscent of a volcano. This shape results in the thickened portion not forming noticeable unevenness on the grate block surface that could potentially act as an obstacle to combustion.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the outer surface extends in a curved shape when viewed in cross-section. This design supports the flow of liquid around the thickened portion. Therefore, the risk of liquid being blocked by the outer surface portion is reduced. Specifically, according to this embodiment, there is a risk of liquid accumulating outside the thickened portion, which can be pushed over the thickened portion by the incinerator moving in the conveying direction and eventually flow into the air outlet.

[0047] The outer surface preferably extends in a concave or convex shape for at least a quarter circle. This shape allows for particularly simple fabrication of the thickened portion.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the outer surface extends at least approximately straight. This shape also allows for particularly simple production of thickened sections, especially in casting methods.

[0049] In cross-section, the outer surface preferably forms an angle of 20 to 45 degrees, particularly preferably 30 degrees, relative to the supporting surface. This angle range results in the thickened portion not forming noticeable unevenness on the surface of the grate block that could act as an obstacle to combustion.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the thickened portion is substantially hollow and preferably has a truncated cone shape with an elliptical base. This embodiment provides an optimized design that simultaneously reduces the risk of liquid accumulation in the thickened portion area and allows for a simple structure, particularly suitable for mass production.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, viewed in plane A extending parallel to the support surface, the thickened portion has a U-shape or V-shape, wherein the opening of the U-shape or V-shape is oriented in the conveying direction T. In this embodiment, the incinerator material accumulated in the protective channel can be smoothly pushed further downstream through the U-shape or V-shape opening and conveyed in the conveying direction T. Furthermore, the thickened portion allows the liquid portion located upstream of the U-shape or V-shape thickened portion, viewed in the conveying direction T, to flow laterally around the thickened portion.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, viewed in the conveying direction T, the U-shaped or V-shaped arm of the thickened portion extends at least to the edge of the upstream air outlet.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the height of the thickened portion, measured from the support surface, is 5 mm to 30 mm. This thickness allows for efficient diversion of the liquid portion around the thickened portion, preventing it from flowing into the air supply passage via the thickened portion. The thicknessed portion height is preferably 10 mm, so that the delivery of incinerator material is not adversely affected by the height of the thickened portion. Therefore, the thickened portion does not form significant unevenness on the surface of the grate block that could potentially obstruct the incinerator material. Simultaneously, it ensures that the thickened portion does not wear prematurely due to the incinerator material. Therefore, the service life of the grate block can be optimized.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the air inlet is formed in the upper wall portion, extending beyond the final position of the forward grate block in the conveying direction T when viewed in the pushing direction S. This provides air supply to the incinerator grate or the combustion bed on the incinerator grate, which supports the complete combustion of the incinerator.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the thickened portion exists in the form of a molded part and is welded to the grate block. Therefore, if desired, conventional grate blocks, i.e., grate blocks without thickened portions, can be equipped with thickened portions. Thus, this embodiment allows for flexible design of the grate blocks for incinerator grates if only individual grate blocks are required, for example, in the incinerator grate area.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the thickened portion exists as a molded part and is mechanically fixed to the grate block. This embodiment also allows for fastening by craftsmen without any special welding qualifications. Furthermore, the mechanical fastening allows for easy separation, and the thickened portion can be disassembled without special processing of the block, such as grinding away the weld seams.

[0057] In the current context, mechanical connections include form-fit connections and / or force-fit connections, and are distinct from material bonding connections such as welding.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the thickened portion is integrally formed with the grate block. The term "integrated" should be understood as the thickened portion and the grate block being formed as a single block, which can be produced, for example, by casting and has no seams. Therefore, inexpensive production can be achieved.

[0059] For completeness, it should be mentioned that multiple air supply channels extending through the upper wall can be provided, and these channels have thickened sections. This also applies to the front wall, which can also have other air supply channels, surrounded by thickened sections. This achieves optimal air supply to the incinerator grate or the combustion bed on the incinerator grate, contributing to a high burnout rate of the incinerator.

[0060] According to another aspect, the present invention also relates to an incinerator grate comprising at least one of the above-described grate blocks.

[0061] The present invention also relates to the use of the above-mentioned incinerator grate for incinerating waste and a waste incineration plant including such incinerator grate.

[0062] Another aspect of the invention relates to a molded part for fixing to the upper wall of a grate block body around an air inlet formed in the upper wall, the air inlet being formed by an air passage extending through the upper wall, wherein the grate block is designated for use as a combustion grate and the block body is designed as a casting, wherein the upper wall forms a support surface along which incinerator material will be conveyed, wherein the molded part, in a fixed state, forms a thickened portion protruding from the support surface, forming a protective channel for extending the air passage and designated for preventing liquid from flowing into the air inlet, wherein the protective channel is surrounded by the thickened portion, i.e., the inner side surface of the molded part, and the thickened portion has an outer side surface that descends and extends away from the protective channel on the side connected to the inner side surface.

[0063] In addition, the protective channel of the molded part includes an upper protective channel opening, which is arranged on the side of the molded part facing the incinerator when the molded part is fixed, that is, at the end of the protective channel opposite to the support surface, and also includes a lower protective channel opening arranged on the side opposite to it.

[0064] On the side of the molded part facing away from the incinerator, the molded part has a bottom through which a protective channel penetrates, and its outer bottom surface extends at least substantially flush with the plane of the support surface when the molded part is fixed.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, the molded part is designed to be welded around an air inlet formed in the upper wall of the grate block. Therefore, welding to the upper wall is used to secure the molded part. It should also be mentioned that the welding can be performed on the side of the upper wall facing the incinerator or on the side of the upper wall away from the incinerator. This ensures at least a near-airtight connection between the molded part and the block, thereby allowing controlled airflow to the incinerator.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the molded component is mechanically fixed to the upper wall of the block. This embodiment allows for simple fixing without special knowledge of welding. Furthermore, the mechanical fastening allows for easy separation, and the molded component can be disassembled without special processing of the block, such as grinding away weld seams.

[0067] Another design for the molded part is to first mechanically secure it with fasteners in a first step, and then secure it by welding in a second step. The advantage of this implementation is that welding can be performed particularly efficiently because the molded part is already held in its position by fasteners without any other means.

[0068] The grate block is designated for use in incineration grates and can be constructed as a casting.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, the molded part is also designed as a casting. From an economic perspective, such cast molded parts are particularly advantageous because they can be produced inexpensively. Furthermore, the mechanical connection in this embodiment is advantageous because it eliminates the need for welding between castings.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, the molded component is made of a material different from the block material. Therefore, the grate block comprises a first material for the block and a second material, different from the first material, for the molded component. Choosing different materials for the block and the molded component can take into account different stresses they experience, such as different wear, different operating temperatures, or different design features such as geometry or mechanical properties, to name just a few. Furthermore, different production methods can also be considered, allowing for independent optimization of their production.

[0071] Materials that can be machined, such as steel, corrosion-resistant chromium steel, and heat-resistant steel, are particularly considered for molded parts. These materials also allow for the production of more complex molded part geometries than casting molded parts.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment, the molded part is made of a material that is harder than the block material. This has the advantage that grate block maintenance can be performed at longer intervals due to less wear on the molded part.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, the cross-section of the protective channel widens in the direction from the opening of the upper protective channel to the opening of the lower protective channel, and is particularly designed to widen continuously. As described above, this design of the protective channel allows for easy discharge of incineration residues entering the protective channel.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, the molded part is substantially hollow, preferably with an elliptical base, and has a truncated cone shape. This embodiment provides an optimized design that simultaneously reduces the risk of liquid accumulation in the thickened area. Furthermore, it allows for a simple structure, particularly suitable for mass production.

[0075] One can conceive of fasteners that are not part of the molded part, such as screws, as fasteners used to fix the molded part.

[0076] In a preferred embodiment, the molded part includes a fastener designed to be mechanically fixed to the upper wall via a form-fit connection, for example by pressing the molded part into a recess in the upper wall.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment, the molded part includes a fastener designed to achieve mechanical fastening through a force-transmitting locking connection at the upper wall, for example by clamping the molded part into a recess in the upper wall.

[0078] Combinations of these fastening methods are possible.

[0079] In a preferred embodiment, the fastener protrudes from the bottom of the molded part in a direction away from the side of the molded part facing the incinerator, i.e., protruding toward the grate block in the fixed state. The protrusion is designated for at least partial reception in the recess and for being held in place by a mechanical connection, such as a form fit and / or force fit connection.

[0080] For example, a form-fit connection can be created by inserting a protrusion into a recess, wherein the recess has a tapering section, i.e., a narrowing section, and the protrusion has a widening section. The maximum cross-section of the widening section is arranged to be larger than the minimum cross-section of the narrowing section, i.e., the widening section of the protrusion can be pressed in through the narrowing section, thereby keeping the protrusion clamped.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment, the protrusion has threads and the recess has a threaded groove, such that the protrusion can be screwed into the recess.

[0082] The advantage of form-fit and force-fit fastening methods is that they are easy to implement and allow the molded parts to be firmly fixed to the grate blocks.

[0083] Perhaps the protrusion could surround and lengthen the protective channel.

[0084] The protrusion is designed to connect the protective channel of the molded part and the air supply channel of the block in a fixed state where the protrusion is accommodated within the recess.

[0085] In a fastened state, whether welded or mechanically fastened, the molded part forms a thickened portion, which provides a solution for reducing the risk of adverse effects on air supply via the air supply channel, as previously explained regarding the thickened portion of the present invention.

[0086] Relatedly, the molding also allows for flexible design of the grate blocks for incinerator grates, as individual grate blocks can be fitted only, for example, in the incinerator grate area.

[0087] Furthermore, the molded part can preferably be used to replace the worn thickened portion, preferably according to the above disclosure, previously formed on the grate block and surrounding the air inlet. This helps reduce maintenance costs because it is not necessary to replace the entire grate block.

[0088] Perhaps, when the air inlets of the grate block are damaged due to the operation of the incinerator grate and the edges of the air inlets are locally worn, for example, this molded part can also be used. This molded part can be welded or mechanically fixed so that it covers the damaged area and can then be inserted into the grate block.

[0089] In a preferred embodiment, the grate block is designated for use in an incineration grate, in which successive grate blocks are arranged in a stepped, overlapping manner and designed to re-stack and convey incinerators during incineration by means of a pushing motion relative to each other. Furthermore, viewed in the pushing direction S, which is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L, the foremost end of the support surface forms an edge through which the support surface descends into the pushing surface formed by the front wall. Additionally, the front wall has a lower support edge, which is arranged in a plane E extending substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L and is designated for contacting the support surface of the adjacent grate block in the pushing direction S.

[0090] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing grate blocks according to the foregoing disclosure, wherein,

[0091] a) Provides a block formed in a casting shape, having an upper wall and defining a longitudinal axis L, wherein the upper wall forms a support surface along which incinerators are conveyed and which, when viewed in a pushing direction S substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L, forms an edge at its foremost end. The support surface descends via this edge into a pushing surface formed by a front wall, the front wall having a lower support edge arranged in a plane E extending substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, the lower support edge being designated for contact with the support surface of an adjacent grate block in the pushing direction S. The upper wall has an air inlet formed by an air passage extending through the upper wall, and the support surface is substantially planar around the air inlet.

[0092] b) Weld or mechanically fix the thickened part around the air outlet.

[0093] The planar design of this support surface has the advantage that the thickened portion is stably positioned on the grate block before fixing, thereby simplifying the fixing work. However, it is also feasible to specify that the support surface is formed around the air inlet in a manner complementary to the geometry of the side of the thickened portion facing the support surface, in order to, for example, simplify mechanical fixing.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, the thickened portion is formed from the molded part disclosed above. Therefore, the grate block includes a block body and a thickened portion or molded part.

[0095] In this regard, the advantages of this method come from the above disclosures relating to the corresponding thickened portion or the corresponding molded part.

[0096] Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for manufacturing grate blocks according to the above disclosure, wherein a replacement thickening is welded or mechanically fixed to restore the thickening after wear of at least 50%, and preferably at least 80%, of the height of the thickening, determined by the working of the grate block mold. The replacement thickening is preferably welded or mechanically fixed around the air inlet in the position of the previous thickening. This method allows for modification of the grate block, thus eliminating the need for remanufacturing.

[0097] In a preferred embodiment, the replacement thickened portion is formed using the molding material disclosed above. Attached Figure Description

[0098] The invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0099] Figure 1 A perspective view of the grate block according to the invention;

[0100] Figure 2 by Figure 1 The longitudinal section diagram shown is based on section II-II. Figure 1 A portion of the grate block, wherein the thickened part is integrally formed with the grate block;

[0101] Figure 3 by Figure 1 The longitudinal section diagram shown is based on section II-II. Figure 1 A portion of the grate block, wherein the thickened portion is welded to the grate block;

[0102] Figure 4 A partial longitudinal section of another grate block according to the invention is shown, wherein the molded part is mechanically fixed to the upper wall of the grate block;

[0103] Figure 5 Showing according to Figure 4 The molded parts, but without the longitudinal section view of the grate blocks; and

[0104] Figure 6 Showing according to Figure 4 The longitudinal section of the grate block upper wall but without the molded parts. Detailed Implementation

[0105] like Figure 1 As shown, the grate block 10 includes a block 12 in the form of a casting, which is basically designed as an elongated cuboid with a longitudinal axis L.

[0106] The block 12 includes an upper wall 14, which forms a support surface 16 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis L. The incinerator is conveyed along the support surface and its front end, viewed in the pushing direction S, forms an edge 19. The support surface 16 is lowered into the pushing surface 22 formed by the front wall 20 through the edge.

[0107] In the illustrated embodiment, the support surface has a first support surface region 16a and a second support surface region 16b, both of which extend parallel to the longitudinal axis L. However, here, the first support surface region 16a is offset upward relative to the second support surface region and is connected to it by an inclined transition portion 17.

[0108] On the side opposite to the front wall 20, the block 12 has a rear wall 24, which is equipped with at least one hook 26 by means of which the grate block 10 can be hung in the block positioning tube. A central web 29 is also arranged on the bottom surface of the grate block 10 opposite to the support surface 16.

[0109] The grate block 10 is closed laterally by sidewalls 28a and 28b extending along the longitudinal direction L.

[0110] Within the incinerator grate, grate blocks 10 are placed on subsequent grate blocks along the pushing direction S. For this purpose, the lowest region of the front wall 20 is designed as a block 34, designated for resting on the support surface of the adjacent grate block along the pushing direction S. The lowest region, including the pushing surface, of the front support edge 23 formed therefrom is arranged in a plane E substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L.

[0111] As from Figure 2 As seen in the image, the upper wall 14 also has an air inlet 35, which is formed by an air supply passage 38 that penetrates the upper wall 14. Primary air is supplied to the incinerator grate or the combustion bed on the incinerator grate through the air supply passage 38.

[0112] In the illustrated embodiment, the air supply channel 38 forms a slit-shaped air outlet 35 in the upper wall 16, which is oriented longitudinally in the grate block 10, and the air supply channel 38 defines a longitudinal symmetry plane P. Figure 2 In the middle section, section II-II extends in the longitudinal symmetry plane P.

[0113] The air supply channel 38 extends concentrically with an axis R that is perpendicular to the support surface 16 and extends in the longitudinal plane of symmetry P. The net opening of the air supply channel 38 is substantially elliptical and continuously widens in a conical shape in the direction away from the support surface 16. The air supply channel 38 includes a first air supply channel portion 38a facing the support surface 16 and a second air supply channel portion 38b adjacent to the first air supply channel portion 38a on its side opposite to the support surface, wherein the widening of the second air supply channel portion 38b is greater than the widening of the first air supply channel portion 38a. With respect to the axis R, the generatrix of the cone forms a first angle of 10 degrees in the first air supply channel portion 38a and a second angle of 15 degrees in the second air supply channel portion 38b.

[0114] Furthermore, the air outlet 35 is completely surrounded by a thickened portion 50 protruding from the support surface 16. The thickened portion 50 forms a protective channel 57 that extends the air supply passage 38 and is designed to prevent liquid from flowing into the air outlet 35.

[0115] The protection channel 57 includes a lower protection channel opening 57a at the end of the protection channel 57 facing the support surface 16 and an upper protection channel opening 57b at the end of the protection channel 57 facing away from the support surface 16, i.e., on the side of the thickened portion facing the incinerator.

[0116] Furthermore, the protective channel 38 is surrounded by the inner side 54 of the thickened portion 50, which is formed immediately adjacent to the edge of the air outlet 58 extending in the support surface. The thickened portion 50 also has an outer side 55 adjacent to the inner side 54, which slopes down and extends straight on the side opposite to the protective channel 38. A flat transition region 60 of the thickened portion 50 extends between the inner side 54 and the outer side 55. In the illustrated embodiment, the height h of the thickened portion, measured from the support surface, is approximately 20 mm. Furthermore, in cross-section, the inner side extends at least approximately in the extension of the circumferential surface of the first air outlet channel portion 38a.

[0117] exist Figure 2 In the middle, the thickened part 50 is formed integrally with the grate block 10 during the casting process.

[0118] Figure 3 Showing according to Figure 1 The grate block 10 has a thickened portion formed by a molding part 50' and welded to it. Correspondingly, the grate block 10 has a weld 70 at the interface between the molding part 50' and the support surface 16. The molding part 50' is essentially a truncated cone shape with an elliptical base extending concentrically with the axis R. Furthermore, the molding part 50' includes a protective channel 57 extending concentrically with the axis R, designated for extending the air supply passage 38. The protective channel 57 is designed such that its inner surface 54 extends within the extension of the circumferential surface of the air supply passage 38.

[0119] Figure 3Other features of the grate block 10 shown are similar to Figure 2 The similarity can be obtained from the corresponding description.

[0120] During operation, the grate blocks 10 move relative to each other using block positioning tubes. Depending on whether the block positioning tubes are assigned to fixed or movable grate blocks, the block positioning tubes are either fixed to a control panel in a fixed position or fixed to a control panel arranged in a movable grate trolley.

[0121] The drive is achieved by hydraulic cylinders, which move the grate trolley back and forth on the corresponding working surface via rollers.

[0122] Through the relative motion thus obtained, the feet 34 of the first grate block 10 are moved back and forth via the support surfaces 16 of their respective subsequent grate blocks 10, wherein the incinerator is conveyed through the support surfaces 16 before being thrown onto the support surfaces 16 of the subsequent grate blocks 10 via the edges 19.

[0123] Figure 4 A portion of the grate block 10 according to the invention is shown, wherein the thickened portion is formed by a molding part 50' and mechanically fixed to the grate block 10. The grate block 10 includes a block 12 having a... Figure 1 The grate blocks have the same structural features. Only the differences are described in detail below, and the same parts are labeled with the same reference numerals.

[0124] The block 12 has a recess 72 extending around the air outlet 35. Here, the air outlet 35 and the recess 72 are designed to be rotationally symmetrical about an axis Q that extends perpendicularly to the support surface 16 and is defined by the air outlet 35. The recess 72 has a tapered portion, i.e., a narrowing portion, in the form of a lip 74, which connects to the support surface 16.

[0125] The molded part 50' basically has a hollow truncated cone shape with an elliptical base, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown. On the side of the molded part facing away from the incinerator, the molded part has a bottom 80 through which an air supply channel penetrates, and its outer bottom surface 82 coincides with the bottom surface of the truncated cone. Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, when the molded part is in a fastened state, the outer bottom surface 82 extends at least flush with the plane of the support surface 16.

[0126] The molded part 50' also includes a fastener in the form of a protrusion 84, which protrudes from the bottom 80 of the molded part in a direction away from the side of the molded part facing the incinerator. The protrusion 84 is truncated cone-shaped and rotationally symmetrical about axis Q. The protrusion 84 is designated for reception in the recess 72 and held in place by a mechanical connection.

[0127] Therefore, the maximum cross-section of the widened portion of the protrusion 84 is larger than the minimum cross-section of the narrowed portion 74, so that the protrusion 84 can be pressed into and inserted into the recess 72. The protrusion 84 is thus held firmly in the recess 72.

[0128] List of reference numerals

[0129] 10 grate blocks

[0130] Block 12

[0131] Upper wall 14

[0132] Support surface 16

[0133] Support surface areas 16a and 16b

[0134] Transition section 17

[0135] Edge 19

[0136] Upper wall 20

[0137] posterior wall 24

[0138] Hook 26

[0139] Side walls 28a, 28b

[0140] Central web 29

[0141] Block 34

[0142] Air outlet 35

[0143] Air supply channel 38

[0144] First or second air supply duct section 38a, 38b

[0145] Thickened parts or molded parts 50, 50'

[0146] Inner side 54

[0147] Outer side 55

[0148] Protection Channel 57

[0149] Lower and upper protective channel openings 57a, 57b

[0150] 58 cm at the edge of the air outlet

[0151] Transition Zone 60

[0152] Weld 70

[0153] Plane E of the upper wall

[0154] Longitudinal axis L

[0155] Direction S

[0156] longitudinal symmetry plane P

[0157] axis R

[0158] Thickened section height h

[0159] Recess 72

[0160] lip 74

[0161] Bottom 80

[0162] Bottom 82

[0163] 84 protrusions

[0164] axis Q

Claims

1. A grate block (10) for an incinerator grate, wherein, The grate block (10) includes a block (12) having an upper wall (14) defining a longitudinal axis L, wherein the upper wall (14) forms a support surface (16) along which incinerator is to be conveyed and an edge (19) is formed at the foremost end of the support surface when viewed in a pushing direction S substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L, the support surface (16) descending via the edge into a pushing surface (22) formed by a front wall (20), the front wall (20) having a lower support edge (23) disposed in a plane E extending substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, the lower support edge being designated for contact with the support surface of a grate block adjacent in the pushing direction S. The upper wall (14) has an air outlet (35) formed by an air supply channel (38) extending through the upper wall (14), characterized in that the air outlet (35) is at least partially surrounded by a thickened portion (50) protruding from the support surface (16), the thickened portion forming a protective channel (57) extending the air supply channel (38) and designated for preventing liquid from flowing into the air outlet (35), wherein the protective channel (57) is surrounded by an inner side surface (54) of the thickened portion (50) and the thickened portion (50) has an outer side surface (55) that is in contact with the inner side surface (54) and extends downward on the side opposite to the protective channel (57).

2. The grate block according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner side (54) is designed to be adjacent to the edge (52) formed in the support surface (16) of the air outlet (35).

3. The grate block according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The cross-section of the protection channel (57) is designed to widen from the end of the protection channel (57) opposite to the support surface (16) to the support surface (16).

4. The grate block according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-section of the air supply channel (38) widens in the direction away from the support surface (16).

5. The grate block according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickened portion (50) has a hollow shape.

6. The grate block according to claim 1, characterized in that, Viewed in plane A extending parallel to the support surface (16), the thickened portion (50) has a U-shape or a V-shape, wherein the opening of the U-shape or the V-shape is oriented in the conveying direction T.

7. The grate block according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickened portion (50) is welded or mechanically fixed to the grate block.

8. The grate block according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickened portion (50) is integrally formed with the grate block.

9. The grate block according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner side (54) is designed to be adjacent to the edge (52) of the air outlet (35) formed in the support surface (16).

10. The grate block according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cross-section of the protection channel (57) is designed to continuously widen from the end of the protection channel (57) opposite to the support surface (16) to the support surface (16).

11. The grate block according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cross-section of the air supply channel (38) widens continuously in the direction away from the support surface (16).

12. The grate block according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thickened portion (50) has a truncated cone shape with an elliptical bottom surface.

13. An incinerator grate comprising at least one grate block (10) according to any one of the preceding claims.

14. Use of the incinerator grate according to claim 13 for waste incineration.

15. A waste incineration plant, the waste incineration plant comprising the incineration grate according to claim 13.

16. A method for manufacturing grate blocks (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, a) Provides a block (12) formed in a casting shape, having an upper wall (14) and defining a longitudinal axis L, wherein the upper wall (14) forms a support surface (16), along which incinerators will be conveyed and forming an edge (19) at the foremost end of the support surface when viewed in a pushing direction S substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L, the support surface (16) descending via the edge into a pushing surface (22) formed by a front wall (20), the front wall (20) having a lower support edge (23) arranged in a plane E extending substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, the lower support edge being designated for contacting the support surface of a grate block adjacent in the pushing direction S, wherein the upper wall (14) has an air inlet (35) formed by an air passage (38) penetrating the upper wall (14), and the support surface (16) is substantially planar around the air inlet (35), and b) Weld or mechanically fix the thickened part around the air outlet (35).

17. A method for manufacturing a grate block (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The replacement thickened portion is welded or mechanically fastened to restore the thickening after wear of at least 50% of the thickened height, which is determined by the operation of the grate block (10).

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The replacement thickened portion is welded or mechanically fastened to restore the thickening after wear of at least 80% of the thickened height, which is determined by the operation of the grate block (10).

19. A molded part for fixing to the upper wall (14) of a grate block (12) around an air inlet (35) formed in the upper wall, the air inlet being formed by an air passage (38) extending through the upper wall (14), wherein, The grate block is designated for use in a combustion grate and the block (12) is designed as a casting, wherein the upper wall (14) forms a support surface (16) along which the incinerator will be conveyed, wherein the casting, in a fixed state, forms a thickened portion (50) protruding from the support surface (16) around the air inlet (35), forming a protective channel (57) extending the air supply channel (38) and used to prevent liquid from flowing into the air inlet (35), forming a protective channel extending the air supply channel (38). 57) and specifies for preventing liquid from flowing into the air outlet (35), wherein the protective channel (57) is surrounded by the inner side (54) of the thickened portion (50), and the thickened portion (50) has an outer side (55) that is in contact with the inner side (54) and extends downward on the side opposite to the protective channel (57), characterized in that the cross-section of the protective channel (57) widens in the direction from the end of the protective channel (57) opposite to the support surface (16) toward the support surface (16).

20. The molded part according to claim 19, characterized in that, The molded part has a hollow shape.

21. The molded part according to claim 19, characterized in that, Fasteners are provided for mechanically fastening to the upper wall (14).

22. The molded part according to claim 19, characterized in that, The cross-section of the protection channel (57) continuously widens in the direction from the end of the protection channel (57) opposite to the support surface (16) toward the support surface (16).

23. The molded part according to claim 19, characterized in that, The molded part has the shape of a truncated cone with an elliptical base.

Images