Method for transmitting / receiving signals in a wireless communication system and device supporting the method

Abstract

Various embodiments relate to a next-generation wireless communication system that supports higher data transmission rates after the fourth generation (4G) wireless communication system. According to various embodiments, a method for transmitting / receiving a signal in a wireless communication system and an apparatus supporting the method are provided, and various other embodiments may also be provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Various embodiments relate to a wireless communication system. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication services, such as voice and data. Generally, wireless communication systems are multiple-access systems that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple-access systems include CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) systems, FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) systems, TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) systems, OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) systems, and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) systems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical issues

[0004] Various embodiments may provide a method for transmitting and receiving a signal in a wireless communication system and a device supporting the method.

[0005] Various embodiments may provide an unaligned carrier aggregation method and / or an asynchronous carrier aggregation method and a device supporting the method in a wireless communication system.

[0006] The technical problems to be solved in various embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned matters, and those skilled in the art may consider other technical problems not mentioned from the various embodiments described below.

[0007] Technical Solution

[0008] Various embodiments may provide a method of transmitting and receiving a signal and a device supporting the method in a wireless communication system.

[0009] According to various embodiments, a method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system may be provided.

[0010] According to various embodiments, the method may include the following steps: receiving information related to a time slot offset between a first cell and a second cell that are not aligned with a frame boundary; determining the time slot offset between the first cell and the second cell based on the information related to the time slot offset; and communicating based on carrier aggregation related to the non-aligned frame boundary.

[0011] According to various embodiments, the information related to the slot offset may be information of a reference SCS (Subcarrier Spacing) based on the slot offset.

[0012] According to various embodiments, the reference SCS may satisfy pre-configured conditions for defining the reference SCS.

[0013] According to various embodiments, based on the communication, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) may be received.

[0014] According to various embodiments, based on discontinuous reception (DRX) being configured, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for a PDSCH may be monitored during an on-duration associated with the DRX.

[0015] According to various embodiments, the information related to the time slot offset may be received based on higher layer parameters used to configure the second cell.

[0016] According to various embodiments, the information related to the time slot offset may include information about an integer value related to the time slot offset.

[0017] According to various embodiments, the integer value associated with the slot offset may be selected from a preconfigured {-A, ..., A}.

[0018] According to various embodiments, A may be an integer determined based on a reference SCS.

[0019] According to various embodiments, A may increase based on an increase in the reference SCS, and may decrease based on a decrease in the reference SCS.

[0020] According to various embodiments, the reference SCS may be an SCS satisfying a pre-configured condition among at least one SCS configured in the first cell and at least one SCS configured in the second cell.

[0021] According to various embodiments, the pre-configured condition may include a condition related to a size relationship between at least one SCS configured in the first cell and at least one SCS configured in the second cell.

[0022] According to various embodiments, based on (i) determining that the second cell is shifted to the right in the time domain relative to the first cell, and (ii) the SCS used in the first cell and the SCS used in the second cell respectively exceed 30 kHz: based on the time slot offset, time slot 0 of the second cell can be identified as shifted based on being shifted to the right in the time domain M times for a time length corresponding to L after being shifted to the right in the time domain compared to before the time slot offset is applied.

[0023] According to various embodiments, based on (i) determining that the second cell is shifted to the left in the time domain relative to the first cell, and (ii) the SCS used in the first cell and the SCS used in the second cell are respectively greater than 30 kHz: based on the time slot offset, time slot 0 of the second cell can be identified as shifted based on being shifted to the left once in the time domain for a time length corresponding to 16 kappa + L after being shifted to the left in the time domain M times compared to before the time slot offset is applied.

[0024] According to various embodiments, kappa may be 64, M may be an integer greater than or equal to 0 determined based on the slot offset, and L may be associated with the slot length of each slot in at least one slot other than slot 0 within a 0.5 ms duration of the first cell or the second cell.

[0025] According to various embodiments, the first cell may be a primary cell (PCell) or a primary secondary cell (PSCell).

[0026] According to various embodiments, the second cell may be a secondary cell (SCell).

[0027] According to various embodiments, an apparatus operating in a wireless communication system may be provided.

[0028] According to various embodiments, the apparatus may include: a memory; and at least one processor connected to the memory.

[0029] According to various embodiments, at least one processor may be configured to receive information related to a time slot offset between a first cell and a second cell that is not aligned with a frame boundary; determine the time slot offset between the first cell and the second cell based on the information related to the time slot offset; and communicate based on carrier aggregation related to the non-aligned frame boundary.

[0030] According to various embodiments, the information related to the slot offset is information of a reference SCS (Subcarrier Spacing) based on the slot offset.

[0031] According to various embodiments, the reference SCS may satisfy pre-configured conditions for defining the reference SCS.

[0032] According to various embodiments, based on the communication, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) may be received.

[0033] According to various embodiments, based on discontinuous reception (DRX) being configured, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for a PDSCH may be monitored during an on-duration associated with the DRX.

[0034] According to various embodiments, the reference SCS is an SCS that satisfies a pre-configured condition among at least one SCS configured in the first cell and at least one SCS configured in the second cell.

[0035] According to various embodiments, the device may communicate with at least one of a mobile terminal, a network, and an autonomous vehicle other than a vehicle including the device.

[0036] According to various embodiments, a method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system may be provided.

[0037] According to various embodiments, the method may include obtaining information related to a time slot offset between a first cell and a second cell that is not aligned with a frame boundary; sending information related to the time slot offset; and communicating based on carrier aggregation related to the non-aligned frame boundary.

[0038] According to various embodiments, the information related to the slot offset may be information of a reference SCS (Subcarrier Spacing) based on the slot offset.

[0039] According to various embodiments, the reference SCS may satisfy pre-configured conditions for defining the reference SCS.

[0040] According to various embodiments, upon communication, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) may be transmitted.

[0041] According to various embodiments, based on discontinuous reception (DRX) being configured, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for the PDSCH may be transmitted during an on-duration associated with the DRX.

[0042] According to various embodiments, an apparatus operating in a wireless communication system may be provided.

[0043] According to various embodiments, the apparatus may include: a memory; and at least one processor connected to the memory.

[0044] According to various embodiments, at least one processor may be configured to: obtain information related to a time slot offset between a first cell and a second cell that is not aligned with a frame boundary; send information related to the time slot offset; and communicate based on carrier aggregation related to the non-aligned frame boundary.

[0045] According to various embodiments, the information related to the slot offset is information of a reference SCS (Subcarrier Spacing) based on the slot offset.

[0046] According to various embodiments, the reference SCS may satisfy pre-configured conditions for defining the reference SCS.

[0047] According to various embodiments, upon communication, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) may be transmitted.

[0048] According to various embodiments, based on discontinuous reception (DRX) being configured, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for the PDSCH may be transmitted during an on-duration associated with the DRX.

[0049] According to various embodiments, an apparatus operating in a wireless communication system may be provided.

[0050] According to various embodiments, an apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing at least one instruction to cause the at least one processor to perform a method.

[0051] According to various embodiments, the method may include: receiving information related to a time slot offset between a first cell and a second cell that are not aligned with a frame boundary; determining the time slot offset between the first cell and the second cell based on the information related to the time slot offset; and communicating based on carrier aggregation related to the non-aligned frame boundary.

[0052] According to various embodiments, the information related to the slot offset may be information of a reference SCS (Subcarrier Spacing) based on the slot offset.

[0053] According to various embodiments, the reference SCS may satisfy pre-configured conditions for defining the reference SCS.

[0054] According to various embodiments, based on the communication, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) may be received.

[0055] According to various embodiments, based on discontinuous reception (DRX) being configured, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for a PDSCH may be monitored during an on-duration associated with the DRX.

[0056] According to various embodiments, a processor-readable medium storing at least one instruction for causing one or more processors to perform a method may be provided.

[0057] According to various embodiments, the method may include the following steps: receiving information related to a time slot offset between a first cell and a second cell that are not aligned with a frame boundary; determining the time slot offset between the first cell and the second cell based on the information related to the time slot offset; and communicating based on carrier aggregation related to the non-aligned frame boundary.

[0058] According to various embodiments, the information related to the slot offset may be information of a reference SCS (Subcarrier Spacing) based on the slot offset.

[0059] According to various embodiments, the reference SCS satisfies pre-configured conditions for defining the reference SCS.

[0060] According to various embodiments, based on the communication, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) may be received.

[0061] According to various embodiments, based on discontinuous reception (DRX) being configured, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for a PDSCH may be monitored during an on-duration associated with the DRX.

[0062] The various embodiments described above are only a part of the various embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain and understand the various embodiments reflecting the technical features of the various embodiments based on the detailed description to be described below.

[0063] Beneficial effects

[0064] According to various embodiments, a method for transmitting and receiving a signal and a device supporting the method may be provided in a wireless communication system.

[0065] According to various embodiments, an unaligned and / or asynchronous carrier aggregation method and a device supporting the method may be provided in a wireless communication system.

[0066] According to various embodiments, a communication method using efficient multi-cell / multi-carrier in consideration of a frame structure in a wireless communication system and a device supporting the communication method can be provided.

[0067] Effects that can be obtained from various embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects that are not mentioned can be clearly obtained and understood by those having ordinary skill in the art based on the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] The accompanying drawings are provided to help understand the various embodiments, and various embodiments are provided along with detailed descriptions. However, the technical features of the various embodiments are not limited to the specific drawings, and the features disclosed in the various drawings can be combined with each other to form new embodiments. The reference numerals in the various drawings refer to structural elements.

[0069] Figure 1 is a diagram for describing physical channels and a signal transmission method using the physical channels, which can be used in various embodiments.

[0070] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates a radio frame structure of an NR system to which various embodiments can be applied.

[0071] Figure 3This diagram illustrates a time slot structure of an NR system based on various applicable embodiments.

[0072] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example in which physical channels are mapped into time slots to which various embodiments are applicable.

[0073] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating the structure of an SSB (synchronization signal block) to which various embodiments can be applied.

[0074] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for transmitting SSB to which various embodiments can be applied.

[0075] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method in which a UE obtains information on DL time synchronization, to which various embodiments may be applied.

[0076] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system information (SI) acquisition process to which various embodiments are applicable.

[0077] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a scheduling method in the case of carrier aggregation to which various embodiments are applicable.

[0078] Figure 10 is a diagram briefly illustrating a method of operating a UE and a network according to various embodiments.

[0079] Figure 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a UE and a network according to various embodiments.

[0080] Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame boundary configuration according to various embodiments.

[0081] Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a slot structure according to various embodiments.

[0082] Figure 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0083] Figure 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0084] Figure 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0085] Figure 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0086] Figure 18is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0087] Figure 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0088] Figure 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0089] Figure 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0090] Figure 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0091] Figure 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0092] Figure 24 is a diagram briefly illustrating initial network access and subsequent communication procedures according to various embodiments.

[0093] Figure 25 is a diagram illustrating a DRX operation according to various embodiments.

[0094] Figure 26 is a diagram briefly illustrating an operation method of a UE and a base station according to various embodiments.

[0095] Figure 27 is a flowchart illustrating an operation method of a UE according to various embodiments.

[0096] Figure 28 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a base station according to various embodiments.

[0097] Figure 29 is a diagram illustrating a device in which various embodiments may be implemented.

[0098] Figure 30 The communication system applied to various embodiments is illustrated.

[0099] Figure 31 Wireless devices applied to various embodiments are exemplified.

[0100] Figure 32 Another example of a wireless device applied to various embodiments is illustrated.

[0101] Figure 33 Portable devices applied to various embodiments are exemplified.

[0102] Figure 34Vehicles or autonomous driving vehicles applied to various embodiments are illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0103] The following technologies can be used for various radio access systems such as CDMA, FDMA, TDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. CDMA can be implemented with radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented with radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), etc. UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA, and LTE-A (Advanced) / LTE-A Pro is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE. 3GPP NR (New Radio or New Radio Access Technology) is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE / LTE-A / LTE-A pro.

[0104] For the sake of clarity of description, the description is based on 3GPP communication systems (e.g., LTE, NR, 6G, and next-generation wireless communication systems), but the technical ideas of various embodiments are not limited thereto. For the background, terms, abbreviations, etc. used in the description of various embodiments, reference may be made to matters described in standard documents disclosed before this disclosure. For example, reference may be made to documents such as 3GPP TS 37.213, 3GPP TS 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.214, 3GPP TS 38.215, 3GPP TS 38.300, 3GPP TS 38.321, and 3GPP TS 38.331.

[0105] 1.3GPP system

[0106] 1.1. Physical Channels and Signal Transmission / Reception

[0107] A user equipment (UE) receives information from a base station via a downlink (DL) and transmits information to the base station via an uplink (UL). Information transmitted and received between the base station and the UE includes general data information and various control information, and various physical channels exist depending on the type and purpose of the information being transmitted and received.

[0108] Figure 1 is a diagram describing physical channels that can be used in various embodiments and a signal transmission method using the physical channels.

[0109] When the power is turned on again from a power-off state or when the UE newly enters a cell, the UE performs an initial cell search operation such as synchronization with the base station (S11). To this end, the UE receives the Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH) and the Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH) from the base station to synchronize with the base station and obtain information such as the cell ID.

[0110] Thereafter, the UE may receive a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal from the base station to obtain intra-cell broadcast information.

[0111] On the other hand, the UE may check the downlink channel status by receiving a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in the initial cell search step.

[0112] The UE that has completed the initial cell search may receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) according to the physical downlink control channel information to obtain more specific system information ( S12 ).

[0113] Afterwards, the UE may perform a random access procedure to complete access to the base station (S13-S16). To this end, the UE may transmit a preamble through a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S13), and may receive a random access response (RAR) for the preamble through a physical downlink control channel and a physical downlink shared channel corresponding to the physical downlink control channel (S14). The UE may use the scheduling information in the RAR to transmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) (S15), and may perform a contention resolution procedure such as receiving a physical downlink control channel signal and a physical downlink shared channel signal corresponding to the physical downlink control channel signal (S16).

[0114] On the other hand, when the random access procedure is performed in two steps, S13 / S15 may be performed as one operation of the UE performing transmission, and S14 / S16 may be performed as one operation of the base station performing transmission.

[0115] The UE performing the above process can receive a physical downlink control channel signal and / or a physical downlink shared channel signal as a general UL / DL signal transmission process (S17), and can perform transmission of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal and / or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) signal (S18).

[0116] The control information sent from the UE to the base station is collectively referred to as uplink control information (UCI). UCI may include HARQ-ACK / NACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat and Request Acknowledgement / Negative-ACK), SR (Scheduling Request), CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), and RI (Rank Indicator) information.

[0117] UCI is usually sent periodically via the PUCCH, but can be sent via the PUSCH when control information and data are to be sent simultaneously. In addition, based on the network's request / instruction, the UE can send UCI aperiodically via the PUSCH.

[0118] 1.2. Radio Frame Structure

[0119] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates a radio frame structure of an NR system to which various embodiments can be applied.

[0120] The NR system can support multiple parameter sets (Numerology). Here, the parameter set can be defined by the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the cyclic prefix (CP) overhead. In this case, multiple subcarrier spacings can be derived by scaling the basic subcarrier spacing by an integer N (or μ). In addition, assuming that very low subcarrier spacing is not used at very high carrier frequencies, the parameter set used can be selected independently of the frequency band of the cell. In addition, in the NR system, various frame structures according to multiple parameter sets can be supported.

[0121] In the following, the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) parameter set and frame structure that can be considered in the NR system are described. The multiple OFDM parameter sets supported by the NR system can be defined as shown in Table 1. μ and the cyclic prefix for the bandwidth part are obtained from the RRC parameters provided by the BS.

[0122] [Table 1]

[0123] μ <![CDATA[Δf=2 μ ·15[kHz]]]> cyclic prefix 0 15 normal 1 30 normal 2 60 Normal, Extended 3 120 normal 4 240 normal

[0124] NR supports multiple parameter sets (e.g., subcarrier spacing) to support various 5G services. For example, when the subcarrier spacing is 15kHz, it supports wide areas of traditional cellular bands, and when the subcarrier spacing is 30kHz / 60kHz, it supports dense urban areas, lower latency and wider carrier bandwidth, and when the subcarrier spacing is 60kHz or higher, it supports bandwidth greater than 24.25GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0125] NR frequency bands are defined as two frequency ranges, FR1 and FR2. FR1 is the sub-6 GHz range, and FR2 is the millimeter wave (mmWave) range above 6 GHz.

[0126] Table 2 below illustrates the definition of NR frequency bands.

[0127] [Table 2]

[0128] Frequency range specification Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier spacing FR1 410MHz-7125MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0129] Regarding the frame structure in the NR system, the time domain size of various fields is expressed as T, which is the basic time unit of NR. c =1 / (△f max *N f ). Here, △f max =480*10 3 Hz, and as a value related to the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) size or the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) size, N f =4096. As the basic time unit and sampling time of LTE, T c and T s =1 / ((15kHz)*2048) has the following relationship: T s / T c = 64. Downlink transmission and uplink transmission are organized into time durations of T f =(△f max *N f / 100)*T c = 10ms (radio) frame. Here, each radio frame consists of 10 subframes, and the duration of each subframe is T sf =(△f max *N f / 100)*T c = 1ms. There can be one frame set for uplink and one frame set for downlink. For parameter set μ, the time slots are arranged in increasing order within the subframe with n μ s ∈{0,…,N slot,μ subframe-1} numbered and numbered in increasing order within the radio frame. μ s,f ∈{0,…,N slot,μ frame-1}Number. A time slot includes N μ symb consecutive OFDM symbols, where N μ symb Depends on the cyclic prefix (CP). Time slot n in a subframe μ s The beginning of the OFDM symbol n in the same subframe μ s *N μ symb The start of is aligned in time.

[0130] Table 3 shows the number of symbols per time slot, the number of time slots per frame, and the number of time slots per subframe according to SCS when using normal CP, and Table 4 shows the number of symbols per time slot, the number of time slots per frame, and the number of time slots per subframe according to SCS when using extended CSP.

[0131] [Table 3]

[0132]

[0133] [Table 4]

[0134]

[0135] In the above table, N slot symb Indicates the number of symbols in a time slot, N frame,μ slot indicates the number of time slots in a frame, and N subframe,μ slot Indicates the number of slots in a subframe.

[0136] In an NR system to which various embodiments are applicable, OFDM(A) parameter sets (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be configured differently between multiple cells combined into one UE. Therefore, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., SF, time slot, or TTI) (collectively referred to as TU (time unit) for convenience) including the same number of symbols may be configured differently between the combined cells.

[0137] Figure 2 is an example of the case where μ=2 (i.e., the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz), and referring to Table 3, one subframe may include four time slots. Figure 2 One subframe = {1, 2, 4} slots shown in is an example, and the number of slots that can be included in one subframe is defined in Table 6 or Table 7.

[0138] Additionally, a mini-slot may contain 2, 4, or 7 symbols or may contain more or fewer symbols.

[0139] Figure 3 This diagram illustrates a time slot structure of an NR system based on various applicable embodiments.

[0140] Reference Figure 3 , a time slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the normal CP case, a time slot may include 7 symbols, and in the extended CP case, a time slot may include 6 symbols.

[0141] A carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A resource block (RB) is defined as a plurality of (eg, 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.

[0142] A BWP (bandwidth part) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain and corresponds to one parameter set (eg, SCS, CP length, etc.).

[0143] A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through the activated BWPs, and only one BWP can be activated for a UE. Each element in the resource grid is called a resource element (RE) and can map one complex symbol.

[0144] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example in which physical channels are mapped into time slots to which various embodiments are applicable.

[0145] DL control channel, DL data or UL data, UL control channel, etc. can all be included in one time slot. For example, the first N symbols in the time slot can be used to send the DL control channel (hereinafter referred to as the DL control region), and the last M symbols in the time slot can be used to send the UL control channel (hereinafter referred to as the UL control region). N and M are both integers greater than or equal to 0. The resource area between the DL control region and the UL control region (hereinafter referred to as the data region) can be used for DL ​​data transmission or for UL data transmission. There may be a time gap between the control region and the data region for DL ​​to UL switching or UL to DL switching. PDCCH can be sent in the DL control region, and PDSCH can be sent in the DL data region. Some symbols at the time of switching from DL to UL in the time slot can be used as time gaps.

[0146] 1.3. Channel Structure

[0147] 1.3.1. Downlink Channel Structure

[0148] The base station transmits a relevant signal to the UE through a downlink channel to be described later, and the UE receives a relevant signal from the base station through a downlink channel to be described later.

[0149] 1.3.1.1. Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)

[0150] The PDSCH carries downlink data (e.g., DL shared channel transport block DL-SCH TB) and can apply modulation methods such as QPSK (quadrature phase shift keying), 16QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation), 64QAM, 256QAM, etc. A codeword is generated by encoding the TB. The PDSCH can carry up to two codewords. Scrambling and modulation mapping are performed for each codeword, and the modulation symbols generated from each codeword are mapped to one or more layers (layer mapping). Each layer is generated as an OFDM symbol signal by mapping to a resource together with the DMRS and transmitted through the corresponding antenna port.

[0151] 1.3.1.2. Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)

[0152] The PDCCH may transmit downlink control information (DCI) (e.g., DL data scheduling information, UL data scheduling information, etc.), and the PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) (e.g., ACK / NACK (positive acknowledgement / negative acknowledgement) information for DL ​​data, CSI (channel state information), SR (scheduling request), etc.).

[0153] The PDCCH carries downlink control information (DCI) and uses the Quadratic Phase Keying (QPSK) modulation scheme. Depending on the aggregation level (AL), a PDCCH consists of one, two, four, eight, or 16 Control Channel Elements (CCEs). A CCE consists of six Resource Element Groups (REGs). A REG is defined as one OFDM symbol and one (P)RB.

[0154] The PDCCH is transmitted via a control resource set (CORESET). A CORESET is defined as a set of REGs with a given parameter set (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). Multiple CORESETs for a UE can overlap in the time / frequency domain. The CORESET can be configured through system information (e.g., MIB) or UE-specific higher layer (e.g., radio resource control, RRC, layer) signaling. Specifically, the number of RBs and the number of symbols (up to 3) that constitute the CORESET can be configured through higher layer signaling.

[0155] The UE obtains the DCI sent via the PDCCH by performing decoding (also known as blind decoding) on ​​the PDCCH candidate set. The PDCCH candidate set decoded by the UE is defined as a PDCCH search space set. The search space set can be a common search space or a UE-specific search space. The UE can obtain DCI by monitoring PDCCH candidates in one or more search space sets configured by the MIB or higher-layer signaling.

[0156] Table 5 illustrates the characteristics of each search space type.

[0157] [Table 5]

[0158]

[0159] Table 6 illustrates an example of a DCI format transmitted through the PDCCH.

[0160] [Table 6]

[0161]

[0162] DCI format 0_0 can be used to schedule TB-based (or TB-level) PUSCH and DCI format 0_1 ​​can be used to schedule TB-based (or TB-level) PUSCH or CBG (code block group)-based (or CBG-level) PUSCH. DCI format 1_0 can be used to schedule TB-based (or TB-level) PDSCH and DCI format 1_1 can be used to schedule TB-based (or TB-level) PDSCH or CBG (or CBG-level) PDSCH. DCI format 2_0 is used to convey dynamic slot format information (e.g., dynamic SFI) to the UE, and DCI format 2_1 is used to convey downlink preemption information to the UE. DCI format 2_0 and / or DCI format 2_1 can be delivered to UEs in the corresponding group via a group common PDCCH, which is a PDCCH delivered to UEs defined as a group.

[0163] 1.3.2. Uplink Channel Structure

[0164] The UE transmits a relevant signal to the base station through an uplink channel to be described later, and the base station receives a relevant signal from the UE through an uplink channel to be described later.

[0165] 1.3.2.1. Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)

[0166] The PUSCH carries UL shared channel transport blocks (UL-SCH TBs) and / or uplink control information (UCI) and is transmitted based on a CP-OFDM (Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) waveform or a DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) waveform. When transmitting the PUSCH based on a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the UE transmits the PUSCH by applying transform precoding. For example, when transform precoding is not possible (e.g., transform precoding is disabled), the UE transmits the PUSCH based on a CP-OFDM waveform, and when transform precoding is possible (e.g., transform precoding is enabled), the UE may transmit the PUSCH based on a CP-OFDM waveform or a DFT-s-OFDM waveform. PUSCH transmission may be dynamically scheduled by a UL grant in the DCI, or may be semi-statically scheduled based on higher layer (e.g., RRC) signaling (and / or Layer 1 (L1) signaling (e.g., PDCCH)). PUSCH transmission may be performed on a codebook-based or non-codebook-based basis.

[0167] 1.3.2.2. Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)

[0168] The PUCCH carries uplink control information, HARQ-ACK and / or Scheduling Request (SR), and is divided into a short PUCCH and a long PUCCH according to a PUCCH transmission length. Figure 7 The PUCCH format is illustrated.

[0169] [Table 7]

[0170]

[0171] PUCCH format 0 carries UCI with a maximum size of 2 bits and is mapped and transmitted based on a sequence. Specifically, the UE transmits specific UCI to the base station via one of multiple sequences using PUCCH format 0. The UE transmits PUCCH format 0 in the PUCCH resources used to configure the corresponding SR only when it sends a positive SR.

[0172] PUCCH format 1 carries UCI of a maximum size of 2 bits, and the modulation symbol is spread in the time domain by an orthogonal cover code (OCC) (configured differently depending on whether frequency hopping is performed). DMRS is transmitted in symbols where no modulation symbol is transmitted (i.e., time division multiplexing (TDM) is performed and transmitted).

[0173] PUCCH format 2 carries UCI with a bit size greater than 2 bits, and modulation symbols are transmitted using DMRS and FDM (frequency division multiplexing). DM-RS are located at symbol indices #1, #4, #7, and #10 in a given resource block with a density of 1 / 3. A pseudo-noise (PN) sequence is used for the DM-RS sequence. Frequency hopping can be activated for the 2-symbol PUCCH format 2.

[0174] PUCCH format 3 is not multiplexed with UEs in the same physical resource block and carries UCI with a bit size larger than 2 bits. In other words, PUCCH resources of PUCCH format 3 do not include orthogonal cover codes. Modulation symbols are transmitted using DMRS and time division multiplexing (TDM).

[0175] PUCCH format 4 supports multiplexing up to four UEs in the same physical resource block and carries UCI with a bit size smaller than 2 bits. In other words, PUCCH format 3 PUCCH resources include orthogonal cover codes. Modulation symbols are transmitted using DMRS and time division multiplexing (TDM).

[0176] 1.4.BWP (Bandwidth Part)

[0177] In the NR system, a maximum of 400MHz can be supported per carrier. If a UE operating in such a wideband carrier always operates with the radio frequency (RF) module turned on for the entire carrier, the UE battery consumption may increase. Alternatively, considering multiple use cases operating in one wideband carrier (e.g., eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (URLLC (ultra-reliable and low-latency communication), mMTC (massive machine type communication), V2X, etc.), different parameter sets (e.g., subcarrier spacing) may be supported for each frequency band in the corresponding carrier. Alternatively, the maximum bandwidth capability for each UE may be different. With this in mind, the BS can instruct the UE to operate only in part of the bandwidth instead of the full bandwidth of the wideband carrier, and the part of the bandwidth is called a bandwidth part (BWP). In the frequency domain, BWP is a parameter set μ in bandwidth part i on a carrier. i A subset of contiguous common resource blocks is defined and can be configured with a set of parameters (e.g., subcarrier spacing, CP length, slot / mini-slot duration).

[0178] On the other hand, the BS can configure one or more BWPs in a carrier configured for the UE. Alternatively, when UEs are concentrated in a specific BWP, some UEs can be moved to another BWP for load balancing. Alternatively, considering frequency-domain inter-cell interference cancellation between adjacent cells, part of the spectrum from the entire bandwidth can be excluded, and the two BWPs of the cell can be configured in the same time slot. That is, the BS can configure at least one DL / UL BWP for a UE associated with a wideband carrier, activate at least one DL / UL BWP among the DL / UL BWPs configured at a specific time (via L1 signaling as a physical layer control signal, MAC Control Element (CE) as a MAC layer control signal, or RRC signaling), instruct switching to another configured DL / UL BWP (via L1 signaling, MAC CE, or RRC signaling, etc.), or configure a timer value so that when the timer expires, the UE switches to the predetermined DL / UL BWP. The activated DL / UL BWP is specifically referred to as an active DL / UL BWP. In situations such as when the UE is in the initial access process or before the UE's RRC connection is established, the UE may not receive the configuration for the DL / UL BWP. In this case, the DL / UL BWP assumed by the UE is called the initially activated DL / UL BWP.

[0179] 1.5.SSB (Synchronous Signal Block) Transmission and Related Operations

[0180] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating the structure of an SSB (synchronization signal block) to which various embodiments can be applied.

[0181] The UE can perform cell search, system information acquisition, beam alignment for initial access, DL measurement, etc. based on the SSB. The SSB is mixed with the SS / PBCH (Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel) block.

[0182] Reference Figure 5 , SSB, to which various embodiments may be applied, may be configured with 20 RBs in four consecutive OFDM symbols. In addition, SSB consists of PSS, SSS, and PBCH, and the UE can perform cell search, system information acquisition, beam alignment for initial access, DL measurement, etc. based on SSB.

[0183] The PSS and SSS each consist of 1 OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers, while the PBCH consists of 3 OFDM symbols and 576 subcarriers. Polar coding and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) are applied to the PBCH. The PBCH consists of data REs and demodulation reference signal (DMRS) REs for each OFDM symbol. There are three DMRS REs for each RB, and three data REs exist between the DMRS REs.

[0184] Cell Search

[0185] Cell search refers to the process by which a UE acquires time / frequency synchronization with a cell and detects the cell ID (identifier) ​​of the cell, such as the physical layer cell ID (PCID). The PSS is used to detect a cell ID within a cell ID group, and the SSS is used to detect a cell ID group. The PBCH is used for SSB (time) index detection and half-frame detection.

[0186] The cell search process of the UE may be organized as shown in Table 8 below.

[0187] [Table 8]

[0188]

[0189] There are 336 cell ID groups, and three cell IDs exist for each cell ID group. There are a total of 1008 cell IDs. Information about the cell ID group to which a cell ID belongs is provided / obtained via the cell's SSS, while information about the cell IDs of the 336 cells in the cell ID is provided / obtained via the PSS.

[0190] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for transmitting SSB to which various embodiments can be applied.

[0191] Reference Figure 6 , SSB is sent periodically according to the SSB period. The SSB basic period assumed by the UE during the initial cell discovery is defined as 20ms. After cell access, the SSB period can be configured by the network (e.g., base station) to one of {5ms, 10ms, 20ms, 40ms, 80ms, 160ms}. An SSB burst set is constructed at the beginning of the SSB period. An SSB burst set consists of a 5ms time window (i.e., half a frame), and the SSB can be sent up to L times in an SS burst set. The maximum number of transmissions L of the SSB can be given as follows based on the frequency band of the carrier. One time slot includes a maximum of two SSBs.

[0192] - For the frequency range up to 3 GHz, L = 4

[0193] - For the frequency range from 3 GHz to 6 GHz, L = 8

[0194] - For the frequency range from 6 GHz to 52.6 GHz, L = 64

[0195] The temporal position of an SSB candidate in an SS burst set may be defined as follows according to the SCS. The temporal position of an SSB candidate is indexed from 0 to L-1 (SSB index) in temporal order within an SSB burst set (i.e., half-frame). In the description of various embodiments, candidate SSB and SSB candidate may be used interchangeably.

[0196] - Case A: 15kHz SCS: The index of the starting symbol of the candidate SSB is given as {2,8}+14*n.

[0197] --When shared spectrum channel access operation is not performed / supported (for operation without shared spectrum channel access) (e.g., L-band, L cell): if the carrier frequency is 3 GHz or less, n is 0 or 1.

[0198] If the carrier frequency is 3 GHz to 6 GHz, n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.

[0199] --When shared spectrum channel access operation is performed / supported (for operation with shared spectrum channel access) (e.g., U-band, U cell): n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0200] -Case B: 30kHz SCS: The index of the starting symbol of the candidate SSB is given by {4, 8, 16, 20} + 28*n. If the carrier frequency is 3 GHz or less, n is 0. When the carrier frequency is 3 GHz to 6 GHz, n is 0 or 1.

[0201] - Case C: 30kHz SCS: The index of the starting symbol of the candidate SSB is given by {2,8}+14*n.

[0202] --When shared spectrum channel access operation is not performed / supported: (1) For paired spectrum operation, when the carrier frequency is 3 GHz or below, n = 0, 1. If the carrier frequency is within FR1 and greater than 3 GHz, n = 0, 1.

[0203] 1, 2, 3. (2) For unpaired spectrum operation, when the carrier frequency is 2.4 GHz or below, n = 0, 1. If the carrier frequency is within FR1 and greater than 2.4 GHz, then n = 0, 1, 2, 3.

[0204] --When performing / supporting shared spectrum channel access operation: n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9.

[0205] - Case D: 120kHz SCS: The index of the starting symbol of the candidate SSB is given by {4,8,16,20}+28*n. For carrier frequencies above 6GHz, n=0,1,2,3,5,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,15,16,17,18.

[0206] - Case E: 240kHz SCS: The index of the starting symbol of the candidate SSB is given by {8, 12, 16, 20, 32, 36, 40, 44} + 56*n. For carrier frequencies above 6GHz, n=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8.

[0207] Synchronization process

[0208] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method in which a UE obtains information on DL time synchronization, to which various embodiments may be applied.

[0209] The UE can acquire DL synchronization by detecting SSBs. Based on the detected SSB index, the UE can identify the structure of the SSB burst set and thus detect symbol / slot / half-frame boundaries. The SFN information and half-frame indication information can be used to identify the frame / half-frame number to which the detected SSB belongs.

[0210] Specifically, the UE can obtain 10 bits of SFN (System Frame Number) information (s0-s9) from the PBCH. Of the 10 bits of SFN information, 6 bits are obtained from the Master Information Block (MIB) and the remaining 4 bits are obtained from the PBCH Transport Block (TB).

[0211] Next, the UE can obtain 1 bit of half-frame indication information (c0). When the carrier frequency is 3 GHz or lower, the half-frame indication information can be implicitly signaled using the PBCH DMRS. The PBCH DMRS indicates 3 bits of information by using one of the eight PBCH DMRS sequences. Therefore, in the case of L=4, the remaining 1 bit after indicating the SSB index among the 3 bits indicated by the 8 PBCH DMRS sequences can be used for half-frame indication.

[0212] Finally, the UE can obtain the SSB index based on the DMRS sequence and the PBCH payload. The SSB candidates are indexed from 0 to L-1 in chronological order within the SSB burst set (i.e., half-frame). When L=8 or 64, 8 different PBCH DMRS sequences can be used to indicate the LSB (least significant bit) 3 bits (b0 to b2) of the SSB index. When L=64, the MSB (most significant bit) 3 bits (b3 to b5) of the SSB index are indicated by PBCH. When L=2, four different PBCH DMRS sequences can be used to indicate the LSB 2 bits (b0, b1) of the SSB index. When L=4, the 1 bit remaining after indicating the SSB index among the 3 bits indicated by 8 PBCH DMRS sequences can be used for half-frame indication (b2).

[0213] System information acquisition

[0214] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system information (SI) acquisition process to which various embodiments are applicable.

[0215] The UE may obtain AS (Access Stratum) / NAS (Non-Access Stratum) information through the SI acquisition procedure. The SI acquisition procedure may be applied to UEs in RRC_IDLE, RRC_INACTIVE, and RRC_CONNECTED states.

[0216] SI is divided into a master information block (MIB) and multiple system information blocks (SIBs). SI other than the MIB is called residual minimum system information (RMSI). Please refer to the following for details.

[0217] -MIB includes information / parameters related to SIB1 (System Information Block Type 1) reception and is transmitted via the PBCH of the SSB.

[0218] -MIB includes information / parameters related to SIB1 (System Information Block Type 1) reception and is transmitted through the PBCH of the SSB. The MIB information may refer to 3GPP TS 38.331 and may include the following fields.

[0219] –subCarrierSpacingCommon ENUMERATED{scs15or60,scs30or120},

[0220] -ssb-SubcarrierOffset INTEGER(0..15),

[0221] -pdcch-ConfigSIB1 INTEGER(0..255),

[0222] -dmrs-TypeA-Position ENUMERATED{pos2,pos3}, ...

[0224] -spare BIT STRING(SIZE(1))

[0225] For a description of each field, see Table 9.

[0226] [Table 9]

[0227]

[0228] During initial cell selection, the UE assumes that the half-frame with SSB repeats with a period of 20ms. The UE can check whether there is a CORESET (Control Resource Set) for the Type0-PDCCH common search space (e.g., CORESET#0) based on the MIB. SSB <=23 (for FR1) or k SSB <=11 (for FR2), the UE may determine that a CORESET exists for the Type0-PDCCH common search space. SSB >23 (for FR1) or k SSB >11 (for FR2), the UE can determine that there is no CORESET for the Type0-PDCCH common search space. The Type0-PDCCH common search space is a type of PDCCH search space and is used to send PDCCHs that schedule SI messages. When there is a Type0-PDCCH common search space, the UE can determine (i) multiple consecutive RBs and one or more consecutive symbols constituting a CORESET (e.g., CORESET#0) and (ii) the PDCCH opportunity (i.e., the time domain position for PDCCH reception) (e.g., search space#0) based on the information in the MIB (e.g., pdcch-ConfigSIB1). When there is no Type0-PDCCH common search space, pdcch-ConfigSIB1 provides information about the frequency position where SSB / SIB1 exists and the frequency range where SSB / SIB1 does not exist.

[0229] SIB1 includes information related to the availability and scheduling of the remaining SIBs (e.g., transmission period, SI window size) (hereinafter, SIBx, x is an integer greater than or equal to 2). For example, SIB1 can inform whether SIBx is broadcast periodically or provided by an on-demand method according to the request of the UE. When SIBx is provided by the on-demand method, SIB1 may include the information required by the UE to perform the SI request. SIB1 is transmitted through the PDSCH, the PDCCH that schedules SIB1 is transmitted through the Type0-PDCCH common search space, and SIB1 is transmitted through the PDSCH indicated by the PDCCH.

[0230] SIBx is included in the SI message and transmitted through the PDSCH. Each SI message is transmitted within a periodically occurring time window (ie, SI window).

[0231] 1.5. Carrier Aggregation (CA)

[0232] NR can support wider uplink / downlink bandwidth portions by combining multiple uplink / downlink carriers (i.e., carrier aggregation). Signals can be sent / received on multiple carriers through carrier aggregation. When carrier aggregation is applied, each carrier (see Figure A2) can be referred to as a component carrier (CC). CCs can be adjacent to or not adjacent to each other in the frequency domain. The bandwidth of each CC can be determined independently. Asymmetric carrier aggregation in which the number of UL CCs and the number of DL CCs are different is also possible. In NR, radio resources are divided / managed by cells, and a cell can consist of 1 DL CC and 0 to 2 UL CCs. For example, a cell consists of (i) only one DL CC, (ii) one DC CC and one UL CC, or (iii) one DL CC and two UL CCs (including one supplementary UL of the CC). The cells are divided as follows. In the description of various embodiments, a cell may be interpreted according to the context and may mean, for example, a serving cell. In addition, unless otherwise specified, operations according to various embodiments may apply to each serving cell.

[0233] -PCell (Primary Cell): In the case of a UE configured with carrier aggregation, the cell operating under the primary frequency (e.g., Primary Component Carrier (PCC)) on which the UE performs an initial connection establishment procedure or initiates a connection re-establishment procedure. In the case of DC (Dual Connectivity), the MCG (Master Cell Group) cell operating under the primary frequency on which the UE performs an initial connection establishment procedure or a connection re-establishment procedure.

[0234] - SCell (Secondary Cell): In the case of a UE configured with carrier aggregation, a cell that provides additional radio resources in addition to the special cell.

[0235] -PSCell (Primary SCG Cell / Primary Secondary Cell): In case of DC, the Secondary Cell Group (SCG) cell to which the UE performs random access when performing RRC reconfiguration and synchronization procedures.

[0236] - Special cell (SpCell): In the case of DC, the special cell refers to the PCell of the MCG or the PSCell of the SCG. Otherwise (ie, non-DC), the special cell refers to the PCell.

[0237] - ServCell: Indicates the cell configured for a UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state. When CA / DC is not configured, there is only one serving cell (i.e., PCell). When CA / DC is configured, the serving cell indicates a special cell and a cell set including all SCells.

[0238] On the other hand, control information can be configured to be sent and received only through specific cells. For example, UCI can be sent only through special cells (e.g., PCell). When an SCell that allows PUCCH transmission (hereinafter referred to as PUCCH-SCell) is configured, UCI can also be sent through PUCCH-SCell. As another example, the base station can allocate scheduling cells (sets) to reduce the complexity of PDCCH blind decoding (BD) on the UE side. For PDSCH reception / PUSCH transmission, the UE can perform PDCCH detection / decoding only in the scheduling cell. In addition, the base station can send PDCCH only through the scheduling cell (set). For example, the PDCCH for downlink assignment can be sent in cell #0 (i.e., the scheduling cell), and the corresponding PDSCH can be sent in cell #2 (i.e., the scheduling cell) (cross-carrier scheduling CCS). The scheduling cell (set) can be configured in a UE-specific, UE group-specific, or cell-specific manner. The scheduling cell includes a special cell (e.g., PCell).

[0239] For CCS, the CIF (Carrier Indicator Field) is used. The CIF can be semi-statically disabled / enabled by higher layer (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC)) signaling through UE-specific (or UE group-specific). The CIF field is an x-bit field (e.g., x=3) in the PDCCH (i.e., DCI) and can be used to indicate the (serving) cell index of the scheduling cell.

[0240] – CIF disabled: There is no CIF in the PDCCH. The PDCCH on the scheduling cell allocates PDSCH / PUSCH resources on the same cell. That is, the scheduling cell is the same as the scheduled cell.

[0241] – CIF enabled: The CIF is present in the PDCCH. The scheduling PDCCH can allocate PDSCH / PUSCH resources to one of multiple cells using the CIF. The scheduling cell can be the same as or different from the scheduled cell. PDSCH / PUSCH refers to PDSCH or PUSCH.

[0242] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a scheduling method in the case of carrier aggregation to which various embodiments are applicable. Figure 9 The scheduling when multiple cells are merged is illustrated.

[0243] Reference Figure 9 , assuming that 3 cells are merged. When CIF is disabled, each cell can only send the PDCCH that schedules its own PDSCH / PUSCH (self-carrier scheduling SCS). On the other hand, when CIF is enabled by UE-specific (or UE group-specific or cell-specific) higher layer signaling and cell A is configured as the scheduling cell, in cell A, not only the PDCCH that schedules the PDSCH / PUSCH of cell A but also the PDCCH that schedules the PDSCH / PUSCH of another cell (i.e., the scheduled cell) can be sent (cross-carrier scheduling CCS). In this case, the PDCCH that schedules its own cell is not sent in cell B / C.

[0244] To configure the MSG and / or SCG, the information element (IE) CellGroupConfig may be used. A cell group may include a medium access control (MAC) entity, a set of logical channels associated with a radio link control (RLC) entity, a PCell (SpCell), and / or one or more SCells. The CellGroupConfig may include at least the fields in Table 10.

[0245] [Table 10]

[0246]

[0247] For a description of each field in Table 10, please refer to Tables 11 to 14.

[0248] [Table 11]

[0249]

[0250] [Table 12]

[0251]

[0252] [Table 13]

[0253]

[0254]

[0255] [Table 14]

[0256]

[0257] The IE ServingCellConfigCommon can be used to configure the cell-specific parameters of the serving cell of the UE. The IE may include parameters that are typically obtained from the SSB, MIB, or SIB when the UE accesses the cell in IDLE. Based on this IE, the network may provide dedicated signaling for this information when configuring the SCell and / or additional cell group (SCG) to the UE. In addition, when synchronization is reconfigured (at the time of synchronous reconfiguration), corresponding information may be provided for the SpCell (MCG and / or SCG). ServingCellConfigCommon may include at least the fields of Table 15.

[0258] [Table 15]

[0259]

[0260] For a description of each field in Table 15, please refer to Table 16 and Table 17.

[0261] [Table 16]

[0262]

[0263]

[0264]

[0265]

[0266] [Table 17]

[0267]

[0268] Minimum requirements for NR carrier aggregation

[0269] For intra-band CA, only co-location deployment is applicable. For intra-band non-contiguous NR carrier aggregation, the UE should at least be able to handle the relative receive timing difference between the slot timings of different carriers to be combined in the UE receiver. The maximum receive timing difference requirement for intra-band non-contiguous NR carrier aggregation can be found in Table 18.

[0270] [Table 18]

[0271]

[0272] For inter-band NR carrier aggregation, the UE should at least be able to handle the relative receive timing difference between the slot timings of all carrier pairs to be combined in the UE receiver. The maximum receive timing difference requirement for inter-band NR carrier aggregation can be found in Table 19.

[0273] [Table 19]

[0274] Frequency range of carrier pairs Maximum receive timing difference (μs) FR1 33 FR2 8 Between FR1 and FR2 25

[0275] deriveSSB - IndexFromCell tolerance

[0276] When deriveSSB-IndexFromCell is enabled, the UE may assume that frame boundaries (including half-frame, subframe, and / or slot boundaries) are aligned across cells of the same frequency carrier within a tolerance no worse than a minimum of 2 SSB symbols, 1 PDSCH symbol, and that all SFNs (system frame numbers) are the same for all cells of the same frequency carrier. For a description of derivedSSB-IndexFromCell, see Table 20.

[0277] [Table 20]

[0278]

[0279] 2. Various Implementation Methods

[0280] Hereinafter, various embodiments will be described in more detail based on the above technical ideas. The contents of the first part above can be applied to the various embodiments described below. For example, operations, functions, terms, etc. not defined in the various embodiments described below can be performed and described based on the contents of the first part.

[0281] Symbols / abbreviations / terms used in the description of various embodiments may be as follows.

[0282] -A / B / C: A and / or B and / or C

[0283] - ARFCN: Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number, which may be a code designating a reference frequency pair used for transmission and reception in a wireless communication system.

[0284] -CA: Carrier Aggregation

[0285] -CC: component carrier. In the description of various embodiments, CC may be replaced by cell / serving cell, etc.

[0286] -DC: Dual Connection

[0287] -Point A: It can be a common reference point for all resource grids in the frequency domain. For example, point A can be obtained as follows:

[0288] --offsetToPointA for PCell downlink indicates the frequency offset between point A and the lowest subcarrier of the lowest resource block overlapping with the SS / PBCH block used by the UE for initial cell selection, and is expressed in units of resource blocks, assuming 15 kHz subcarrier spacing for FR1 and 60 kHz subcarrier spacing for FR2,

[0289] --For other cases, absoluteFrequencyPointA can indicate the frequency position of point A represented in the ARFCN.

[0290] -SCS: Subcarrier Spacing

[0291] -SFN: System Frame Number

[0292] - Slot n: It may mean a slot having / corresponding to an n-th index and may be replaced with slot #n, etc. For example, similar expressions may be applied to a symbol / subframe / frame, etc.

[0293] -ceil(x): Operator, ceil function. It can mean the smallest integer greater than or equal to the real number x and / or integers greater than or equal to the real number x.

[0294] -floor(x): Operation, floor function. It can represent the largest integer less than or equal to the real number x and / or integers less than or equal to the real number x.

[0295] -mod: Modulo operation. For example, a modulo operation may be an operation of obtaining a remainder r by dividing a dividend q by a divisor d (r=q mod(d)).

[0296] In the description of various embodiments, more than / equal to or more than A may be replaced with equal to or more than / more than A.

[0297] In the description of various embodiments, less than / equal to or smaller than A may be replaced with equal to or less than / smaller than B.

[0298] In the description of various embodiments, the start of a symbol / time slot / subframe / frame may be replaced with the start boundary of a symbol / time slot / subframe / frame, and the end of a symbol / time slot / subframe / frame may be replaced with the end boundary of a symbol / time slot / subframe / frame.

[0299] In existing carrier aggregation, it is assumed that the SFN / frame boundaries / time slot boundaries between all carriers are aligned. In the case of intra-band carrier aggregation, when two signals transmitted from two cells are received, the time difference between the two signals must be within 3 μs (microseconds), and in the case of inter-band carrier aggregation, when two signals transmitted from two cells are received, the reception time difference between the two signals must be within 33 μs.

[0300] In a wireless communication system to which various embodiments can be applied (e.g., a wireless communication system supporting NR Release 16 and / or a wireless communication system supporting a version after Release 16), even in the case of CA, the time boundary used in each carrier can be designed to operate differently. For example, when the time boundary of each cell (each SCell) operates differently and the time difference becomes hundreds of μs or more, the UE can recognize / determine / decide that each carrier is asynchronous and attempt operations such as signal detection to recognize / determine / decide / detect / find the time boundary of each carrier. In this case, for example, the detection complexity of the UE recognizing / determining / deciding / detecting / finding the time boundary of each carrier may increase, and the time added for the SCell may also increase.

[0301] Various embodiments may involve methods for obtaining time boundary information. For example, they may involve methods for obtaining carrier and / or inter-cell time boundary information in a multi-carrier system. According to various embodiments, a time information indication method for addressing the above-mentioned issues may be provided. For example, a time offset indication method may be provided.

[0302] Figure 10 is a diagram briefly illustrating a method of operating a UE and a network according to various embodiments.

[0303] Figure 11 is a flowchart briefly illustrating a method of operating a UE and a network according to various embodiments.

[0304] Reference Figure 10 and Figure 11 In operations 1001, 1101(a), 1101(b) according to various embodiments, a network (eg, a base station) may transmit information related to a time offset, and a UE may receive the information.

[0305] In operations 1003 and 1103 ( a ) according to various embodiments, the UE may determine a time offset between a reference cell / carrier (eg, a time offset between SCells, etc.) and a target cell / carrier (eg, an SCell, etc.).

[0306] More specific operations, functions, terms, etc. in the operations according to each of the various embodiments may be performed and described based on the various embodiments described later. In addition, the operations according to each of the various embodiments are exemplary, and one or more of the operations described above may be omitted depending on the specific content of each embodiment.

[0307] Hereinafter, various embodiments will be described in detail. The various embodiments described below can be combined in whole or in part to constitute other various embodiments, unless mutually exclusive, which is clearly understood by those skilled in the art.

[0308] Method 1

[0309] According to various embodiments, the network (e.g., a base station) may provide the UE with time offset information (e.g., information about time offset values) between carriers and / or cells, and the UE may use the time offset information provided by the network to determine the time boundaries of the constituent signals.

[0310] According to various embodiments, in CA / DC, when the PCell and SCell and / or the PCell and PScell ​​and / or the PScell ​​and SCell operate with different boundaries, the network may define a time boundary as a reference and indicate a time offset for configuring the time boundary of each cell. According to various embodiments, the network may indicate a time offset corresponding to the difference between the reference time boundary and the time boundary of each cell.

[0311] According to various embodiments, the reference time boundary may be a specific cell (eg, PCell / SpCell / any SCell) as a reference and / or may be configured according to instructions of the network.

[0312] According to various embodiments, the time offset for configuring the time boundary of each cell may be variously expressed such as a time slot offset, a SFN offset, an OFDM symbol offset, and a combination thereof.

[0313] According to various embodiments, the reference time duration may be an SCS for a specific cell (e.g., PCell / PSCell / SCell) and / or a specific signal / channel. For example, the reference SCS (and / or offset SCS) may be the SCS of the SS / PBCH of the SpCell and / or the SCS indicated by the network and / or the SCS of any signal / channel used in the corresponding SCell.

[0314] According to various embodiments, the time offset may be indicated based on a reference duration. For example, when a reference SCS is used as a reference duration, the reference SCS may be one of predetermined values ​​(e.g., 15kHz / 30kHz / 60kHz / 120kHz / 240kHz) and may indicate a time offset (slot offset, SFN offset, OFDM symbol offset, and combination thereof) used to configure the time boundary of each cell based on the reference SCS. According to various embodiments, considering that the parameter set varies according to the SCS, the time length corresponding to the time offset may vary according to the value of the reference SCS. According to various embodiments, the granularity of the information related to the time offset may vary according to the reference SCS.

[0315] According to various embodiments, information about the time offset (e.g., information about the time slot offset) can be sent and received based on the value of the reference SCS in the carrier aggregation, and the information about the time offset (e.g., information about the time slot offset) can indicate the time offset (e.g., time slot offset) between the PCell / PSCell and the SCell, and the UE can determine the time offset of the SCell based on the information about the time offset (e.g., information about the time slot offset).

[0316] According to various embodiments, the reference SCS is associated with a unit indicating a time offset (e.g., per time slot / time slot unit), and the reference time boundary may be associated with which cell the time boundary offset applies to. For example, when the PCell (and / or reference cell) is configured as a 15kHz SCS and the SCell (and / or target cell) is configured as a 30kHz SCS, since the reference SCS is determined to be 30kHz, the time offset (e.g., time slot offset) may be indicated in a unit corresponding to the reference SCS (e.g., indicated as 2). In this case, the UE may obtain / determine the time boundary (e.g., time slot boundary) of the SCell based on the time offset (e.g., time slot offset) indicated by the application (e.g., shifted by 2 time slot lengths at the 30kHz SCS relative to the time boundary of the PCell configured as the 15kHz SCS) (which is based on the 30kHz SCS, based on the time boundary (e.g., time slot boundary) of the PCell configured as the 15kHz SCS). In other words, according to various embodiments, the time slot granularity indicating the time slot offset may vary according to the reference SCS indicated by the time slot offset.

[0317] According to various embodiments, the reference SCS may be determined based on a preconfigured / defined method. For example, the reference SCS may be determined from the SCS of a cell indicating a time offset. For example, the time offset may indicate an offset between a PSCell / PSCell and an SCell, and the reference SCS may be determined from the SCSs of the PSCell / PSCell and the SCell. According to various embodiments, a specific method for determining the reference SCS may be provided. For example, the reference SCS may be determined based on the size relationship between the SCSs of the PSCell / PSCell and the SCell.

[0318] According to various embodiments, when a time slot offset is indicated, integer values ​​-A, ..., -1, 0, 1, ..., A may be used as offset indices, and A may be different natural numerical values ​​according to the SCS. According to various embodiments, the granularity of information about the time offset may be determined according to a reference SCS for the time offset. For example, when a time slot offset is indicated, integer values ​​-9, -8, -7, ..., -1, 0, 1, 2, ..., 9 may be used as offset indices. According to various embodiments, when a time slot offset index is indicated for a specific cell, the UE identifies / determines / recognizes the time slot at a point separated by the time slot offset index based on the reference time slot index of the configured reference cell as the reference time slot index of the specific cell.

[0319] According to various embodiments, the UE may receive information related to the time offset between a reference cell / carrier and another cell / carrier. According to various embodiments, the UE may receive signals from multiple cells / carriers, including the reference cell / carrier and the other cells / carriers, and may determine / decide whether the time boundaries of the multiple cells / carriers match based on information related to the time difference and / or time offset of the received signals. This is an example of various embodiments, and the various embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0320] According to various embodiments, a network (e.g., a base station) may receive information related to a time offset between a reference cell / carrier and another cell / carrier. According to various embodiments, the network may transmit a signal for at least one of a plurality of cells / carriers, including the reference cell / carrier and the other cells / carriers. According to various embodiments, information related to one or more signals and / or time offsets may be used to determine / decide whether the time boundaries of the plurality of cells / carriers match. This is an example of various embodiments, and the various embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0321] Implementation 1. Carrier Aggregation

[0322] For example, in carrier aggregation, when the reception time difference of the signal transmitted from each cell is within an error range of 3 μs (intra-band) or (approximately) 33 μs (inter-band), the time boundaries can be assumed to be aligned.

[0323] According to various embodiments, when the slot boundaries between cells do not match (however, the SFNs still match) and if two signals are received (from different cells) within an error range of 3 μs (intra-band) or (approximately) 33 μs (inter-band) by slot interleaving (e.g., N slot duration ±3 μs) (N is an integer and / or an integer and / or a natural number greater than or equal to 0), the SFNs and / or frame boundaries of the two cells are said to be aligned. In various embodiments, slot interleaving may refer to the principle of deriving the uplink slot configuration from the downlink slot configuration. For example, the uplink slot configuration may be derived by shifting the slot numbers according to the downlink slot configuration by N.

[0324] Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame boundary configuration according to various embodiments.

[0325] Reference Figure 12 (a), according to various embodiments, when the slot offset is configured / indicated as 0 (N corresponds to 0 μs) and intra-band carrier aggregation is configured between cell #0 (serving cell / reference cell) and cell #1 (target cell), the UE may assume that the SFN and / or frame boundary (corresponding to frame #0) of cell #1 is aligned with the SFN and / or frame boundary (corresponding to frame #0) of the serving cell that is offset by 0 slots within an error range.

[0326] Reference Figure 12 (b) According to various embodiments, when a slot offset is configured / indicated as 2 (N corresponds to 2000 μs; however, this is an example, and the actual time length occupied by the slot offset may vary depending on the SCS / parameter set), when intra-band carrier aggregation is configured between cell #0 (serving cell) and cell #1 (target cell), the UE may assume that the SFN and / or frame boundary of cell #1 (corresponding to frame #0) is aligned with the SFN and / or frame boundary of the serving cell (corresponding to frame #0) offset by 2 slots within a tolerance range. According to various embodiments, different signals may be transmitted and received in time resources located to the left of the slot boundary of slot 0 of cell #1 (e.g., time resources corresponding to the time length of slot offset 2 (within the allowed error range)). For example, based on LTE-NR coexistence, LTE system-based signals (e.g., PSS, SSS, etc. of the LTE system) may be transmitted / received in the corresponding time resources.

[0327] According to various embodiments, when an offset = N is configured / indicated according to a specific IE and carrier aggregation between two cells (or frequencies) is configured, the UE may assume that the SFN and / or frame boundary of the target cell is aligned with the SFN and / or frame boundary of the serving cell offset by N time slots. For example, alignment may include alignment within a tolerance range according to the aforementioned intra-band carrier aggregation and inter-band carrier aggregation.

[0328] According to various embodiments, when an offset = N is configured / indicated and carrier aggregation between two cells (or frequencies) is configured, the UE may obtain the SFN and / or frame boundary of the target cell by applying an offset value of N time slots to the SFN and / or frame boundary of the serving cell. For example, the SFN and / or frame boundary of the serving cell may be obtained based on a synchronization process for obtaining frequency and time synchronization of the serving cell and / or based on a frame boundary alignment assumption and / or based on methods according to various other embodiments.

[0329] According to various embodiments, when the time boundary of each cell in the carrier aggregation is different (for example, when the time slot offset is applied differently for each cell), in N (natural number) frequency layers, 1) based on the cells of a specific frequency layer 2) in a specific frequency layer, if the time slot offset is applied and deriveSSB-IndexFromCell (for example, a parameter used in SIB2, SIB4, measurement objects, etc.) is configured as "true", the UE can assume that 1) all cells of the specific frequency layer will maintain the reference time boundary, and 2) the same time slot offset is applied to all cells of the specific frequency layer.

[0330] According to various embodiments, transmissions in multiple cells may be aggregated. Unless otherwise stated, methods according to various embodiments may be applied to each serving cell.

[0331] According to various embodiments, for carrier aggregation of cells with misaligned frame boundaries, the time slot offset between the PCell / PSCell and the SCell may be determined based on higher layer parameters of the SCell. According to various embodiments, the time slot offset may be indicated based on (a parameter set of) a reference SCS, and the reference SCS may correspond to the SCS of a particular cell. The reference SCS may be determined based on one or more of the methods according to various embodiments.

[0332] Implementation 2. Dual Connection

[0333] For example, DC can be divided into synchronous DC and asynchronous DC.

[0334] According to various embodiments, a frequency domain (FD) synchronization indicator (FD-sync indicator) that indicates / notifies whether synchronization of each carrier and / or each cell is matched or not may be used. For example, when the frequency domain sync indicator indicates true, it may mean that synchronization is matched for each carrier and / or each cell, and when the frequency domain sync indicator indicates false, it may mean that synchronization is not matched for each carrier and / or each cell.

[0335] According to various embodiments, when the frequency domain sync indicator is true, synchronization is matched for each carrier and / or each cell. According to various embodiments, even when the frequency domain sync indicator is true, there may be differences within a certain level of time boundary (e.g., slot level / OFDM symbol level, etc.). For example, when a time offset is indicated / configured and / or assumed from the network, the UE may assume that the SFN and / or frame boundaries match if the time difference between two signals (received from different carriers and / or cells) is within a certain range based on the time offset.

[0336] According to various embodiments, when offset=N is configured / indicated according to a specific IE and the frequency domain sync indicator is configured as true, the UE may assume that the SFN and / or frame boundary of the target cell is aligned with the SFN and / or frame boundary of the serving cell offset by N time slots.

[0337] According to various embodiments, when an offset = N is configured / indicated according to a specific IE and the frequency domain sync indicator is configured as true, the UE may obtain the SFN and / or frame boundary of the target cell by applying an offset value of N time slots to the SFN and / or frame boundary of the serving cell (reference cell). For example, the SFN and / or frame boundary of the serving cell may be obtained based on a synchronization process for obtaining frequency and time synchronization of the serving cell and / or based on a frame boundary alignment assumption and / or methods according to various other embodiments.

[0338] Implementation 3. Time offset indication method

[0339] According to various embodiments, in a multi-carrier system, when SpCell and / or SCell are added as a method for configuring / indicating a time offset for each carrier and / or each cell, a time offset may be configured / indicated for each carrier and / or each cell.

[0340] According to various embodiments, when the time slot offset is configured differently in the SCell in carrier aggregation, the time slot offset parameter may be configured in the SCellConfig IE. For example, in the case of adding an SCell, the time slot offset parameter may be included in the SCellConfig. For example, the time slot offset may be configured / indicated within a preconfigured integer range. For example, referring back to Table 10, sCellSlotOffset for configuring / indicating the time slot offset of the SCell may be included in the SCellConfig in the CellGroupConfig. For example, the time slot offset parameter may be configured / indicated as shown in Table 21. For example, in Table 21, M / N may be a constant integer value.

[0341] [Table 21]

[0342]

[0343] And / or, according to various embodiments, a time slot offset may be applied to the SpCell.

[0344] According to various embodiments, the cell used as a reference for the time offset (eg, time slot offset) of the SpCell may be a primary cell and / or a PCell.

[0345] According to various embodiments, the cell that is referenced for the time offset (e.g., time slot offset) of the SCell may be an SpCell and / or a primary cell and / or a PCell. For example, the cell that serves as the reference for the time offset of the SCell may be an SpCell included in the CellGroupConfig (or configured / defined / indicated based on the CellGroupConfig). As another example, if the SpCell is not defined in the CellGroupConfig, the primary cell and / or the PCell may be the reference cell.

[0346] Method 2

[0347] According to various embodiments, when a slot level offset is indicated, it may be indicated in units of 0.5 ms and / or 1 ms.

[0348] Implementation Method

[0349] Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a slot structure according to various embodiments.

[0350] In a wireless communication system to which various embodiments may be applied, the sizes of various fields in the time domain may be based on the time unit T c =1 / (△f max *N f ) is used to represent it. Here, △fmax is 480*103Hz, and N f is 4096.

[0351] In a wireless communication system to which various embodiments may be applied, the constant k (k, kappa) may be T s / T c =64, and T s It can be 1 / (Δf ref *N f,ref ), and Δf ref It can be 15*103Hz, and N f,ref It can be 2048.

[0352] For example, the subframe defined in the NR system may be composed of 1ms (=30720*Ts=30720 / F s , F s =1 / 2048 / 15000Hz) time length is expressed as 30720k.

[0353] For example, a 15kHz SCS slot length may be 30720k (1ms) (k(κ,kappa)=T s / T c =64), and each half slot can be 15360k (15344k + 16k) (0.5ms).

[0354] For example, a 30kHz SCS slot length may be 15360k (15344k + 16k) (0.5ms).

[0355] For example, the 60kHz SCS and / or 120kHz SCS time slot length may be defined as the value of the remaining time except for the 16k at the beginning of each 0.5ms divided by a power of 2, and specifically, a length of 16k may be added to a time slot specifically positioned 0.5ms ahead (60kHz SCS time slot = [7688k, 7672k], 120kHz SCS time slot = [3852k, 3836k, 3836k, 3836k]). For example, a length of 16k may be added to the first time slot located at the front in the time domain within a 0.5ms duration.

[0356] For example, the slot index may be defined such that the slot located before 0.5 ms has index 0. For example, the slot index may be defined such that index 0 is assigned to the first slot located first in the time domain within a duration of 0.5 ms, and then sequential indices are assigned.

[0357] According to various embodiments, when a slot offset is applied to a specific carrier in inter-band CA, in order to ensure that a slot located before 0.5 ms has an index of 0, the slot offset may be specified in units of 0.5 ms. According to various embodiments, when a slot offset is applied to a specific carrier in inter-band CA, the slot offset may be specified in units of 0.5 ms so that an index of 0 may be assigned to the first slot located at the front in the time domain within a duration of 0.5 ms.

[0358] For example, in the case of a 60 kHz SCS and / or a 120 kHz SCS time slot, the time slot offset value may be indicated as -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, ... and / or -8, -4, 0, 4, 8, etc. For example, in the case of a 60 kHz SCS and / or a 120 kHz SCS time slot, the time slot offset value may be indicated by one of {-4, -2, 0, 2, 4, ...} and / or {-8, -4, 0, 4, 8}.

[0359] According to various embodiments, in particular, when the alignment between slot indices within a frame (10 ms) having the same SFN between carriers is configured to be mismatched, the range of the slot offset may be -5 ms / +5 ms.

[0360] According to various embodiments, the time slot offset index and / or the time slot offset value may depend on a reference parameter set and / or a reference SCS for indicating the time slot offset. According to various embodiments, the reference parameter set and / or the reference SCS may be preconfigured and / or may be determined based on a specific parameter set and / or a specific SCS of the SCell.

[0361] For example, the range of the slot offset index according to the value of the reference SCS may be as follows:

[0362] - For 15kHz SCS, the slot offset can be -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. For 15kHz SCS, the slot offset can be indicated by one of {-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}.

[0363] -For 30kHz SCS, the slot offset can be -10, -9, -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. For 30kHz SCS, the slot offset can be indicated by one of {-10, -9, -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}.

[0364] -For 60kHz SCS, the slot offset may be (-10, -9, -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) * 2. For 60kHz SCS, the slot offset may be indicated by one of {-20, -18, -16, -14, -12, -10, -8, -6, -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18}.

[0365] -For 120kHz SCS, the slot offset may be (-10, -9, -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) * 4. For 120kHz SCS, the slot offset may be indicated by one of {-40, -36, -32, -28, -24, -20, -16, -12, -8, -4, 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36}.

[0366] Method 3

[0367] According to various embodiments, when the slot level offset is indicated, the slot offset and / or shift value may be indicated so that each 0.5 ms is aligned on the slot grid including the first 16 k. According to various embodiments, when the slot level offset is indicated, the slot offset and / or shift value may be indicated so that each 0.5 ms is aligned on the slot grid including the first 16 k.

[0368] OFDM symbol generation

[0369] For example, for any physical channel and / or signal other than the physical random access channel (PRACH) and / or the remote interference management reference signal (RIM-RS), the time-continuous signal for antenna port p and OFDM symbols in subframe l∈{0,1,...,N subfrane,μ slot N slot symbol-1}'s SCS configuration μ can be determined to satisfy the following Formula 1 (defined by the following Formula 1).

[0370] [Formula 1]

[0371]

[0372] Here, at the beginning of the subframe t=0, N μ u and N μ cp , 1 can be determined to satisfy the following Formula 2 (defined by the following Formula 2).

[0373] [Formula 2]

[0374]

[0375] -△f can refer to Table 1

[0376] -μ can be the subcarrier spacing (SCS) configuration.

[0377] -μ0 can be the maximum μ value in the SCS configuration via the higher layer parameter scs-SpecificCarrierList.

[0378] Implementation Method 1

[0379] According to various embodiments, a time slot having a specific index in an existing time slot grid may be shifted to have a time slot index of 0. According to various embodiments, a time slot having a specific index based on a time slot grid before the shift may be shifted according to a time slot offset and / or shift value to become a time slot having a time slot index of 0.

[0380] For example, in a 60kHz SCS time slot, it can be assumed that the time slot indices 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., 39 are configured in the length order of 7688k, 7672k, 7688k, 7672k, ..., 7688k, 7672k. For example, when the slot offset is 1, it can be configured in length order (for example, 7672k, 7688k, 7672k, 7688k, ..., 7672k, 7688k). In this example, when the slot offset is 1, it can be shifted (approximately) 7688k, and the time slot duration of the time slot index 0 can be changed to 7672k. In this example, +16k may not be applicable to the case where the time slot index is 0 in the OFDM symbol generation formula. For example, referring to Formula 2, for normal CP, l=0 and l=7*2 μ , N μ cp , 1 can be 144k*2 -μ +16k, in this example, 16k is not added, N μ cp , 1 can be 144k*2 -μ .

[0381] According to various embodiments, according to the slot shift, the slots including +16k may be changed from slots having a slot index of 0 to slots having a non-zero slot index, and in this case, alignment between the target cell and the reference cell may be achieved.

[0382] Slot offset indication

[0383] As described above, in a wireless communication system to which various embodiments can be applied, the sizes of various fields in the time domain can be based on the time unit T c =1 / (Δf max *N f ) is expressed as follows, where Δf max It can be 480*103Hz, and N f It can be 4096.

[0384] In a wireless communication system to which various embodiments may be applied, the constant k may be T s / T c =64, and T s It can be 1 / (Δf ref *N f,ref ), and Δf ref It can be 15*103Hz, and N f,ref It can be 2048.

[0385] According to various embodiments, the slot offset may be determined so as to satisfy the following Equation 3.

[0386] [Formula 3]

[0387] u is the subcarrier spacing configuration (u=0,1,2,3,4), Δf=2 u 15[kHz]

[0388] T c =1 / (Δf max ·N f ), where Δf max =480·10 3 Hz,N f =4096

[0389] k=T s / T c =64, where T s =1 / (Δf ref ·N f，ref ),Δf ref =15·10 3 Hz and N f，ref =2048

[0390] T o =N o T c

[0391] N o =16k·floor((O S +ceiling(2 u-1 )-1)·2 1-u )+15344k·OS 2 1-u , where M = 10·2 u ,O s =-M,...,M

[0392] In formula 3, T o It can be related to the length of time shifted in the time domain according to the slot offset, and according to the slot offset expressed in units of a constant k, N o is related to the length of the time shift in the time domain, and O s It can be associated with a time slot offset index and / or a time slot offset value indicated by one or more of the methods according to various embodiments. According to various embodiments, the minimum / maximum value and / or granularity of the time slot offset index and / or the time slot offset value can vary according to the SCS (reference SCS).

[0393] As described above, since 16k is added to the first slot every 0.5ms compared to other slots, the shift amount per slot offset index and / or slot offset value 1 may be 16k+L or L according to the SCS, and N o The floor operation part can take this into account.

[0394] Figure 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0395] In the description of various embodiments, L It may mean the length obtained by dividing the remaining length obtained by subtracting 16k from 0.5ms into four equal parts in the case of 120kHz SCS, that is, the length corresponding to the remaining length divided into four equal parts. For convenience, 2 of 60kHz SCS may be indicated. L , 30kHz SCS and 15kHz SCS 4 L .

[0396] In the description of various embodiments, L may be a value determined according to the SCS. In the case of a 60kHz SCS, the time slot length is 16k+L (=16k+2 L ) and / or L(2 L ), and in the case of 30kHz SCS, the time slot length can be 16k+L (=16k+4 L ), and in the case of 15kHz SCS, the time slot length can be 2*(16k+L)(=2*(16k+4 L )).

[0397] Reference Figure 14In the case of 15kHz SCS and 30kHz SCS, each time slot offset index and / or time slot offset value 1 can be shifted by 16k+L equally, but in the case of 60kHz SCS, it can be shifted by 16k+L or L per time slot offset value 1.

[0398] Implementation Method 2

[0399] According to various embodiments, the time slots may be shifted independently of the existing time slot grid so that the time slot index 0 is always 16k. According to various embodiments, the time slot with the time slot index 0 may always include +16k regardless of the pre-shifted time slot grid. For example, referring to Equation 2, in OFDM symbol generation, the time slot with the time slot index 0 is assumed to be a time slot including 16k, and according to various embodiments, the time slot with the time slot index 0 always includes +16k regardless of the pre-shifted time slot grid, and therefore, according to various embodiments, a separate method for generating OFDM symbols may not be required.

[0400] For example, in a 60 kHz SCS time slot, it is assumed that the time slot indexes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., 39 can be configured according to the length sequence of 7688 kb, 7672 kb, 7688 kb, 7672 kb, ..., 7688 kb, 7672 kb. For example, even if the time slot offset is 1, the length can be configured in the order of 7688 kb, 7672 kb, 7688 kb, 7672 kb, ..., 7688 kb, 7672 kb. In this example, when the time slot offset is 1, the time slot duration of time slot index 0 can be shifted by (approximately) 7688 kb, and the time slot duration of time slot index 0 can be maintained at 7688 kb.

[0401] Implementation 3

[0402] According to various implementations, the end of a symbol may be considered a boundary and it may be shifted.

[0403] For example, when there are time slot #0, time slot #1, ..., time slot #n-1 in a 0.5ms half subframe, if the length of time slot #0 is 16k+L, then the lengths of time slot #1, ..., and time slot #n-1 are all L. If the time slot offset is positive / negative (shifted to the right in the time domain) so that all variable-length time slots are shifted, the shift length can be shifted n-1 times of L length and then shifted once by 16k+L length. If the time slot offset is negative / positive (shifted to the left in the time domain), the shift length can be shifted once by 16k+L length and then shifted n-1 times of L length in the order of shifting.

[0404] Implementation Method 4

[0405] According to various implementations, it may be shifted based on the head of the symbol.

[0406] According to various embodiments, when shifting right n times, it may first shift by a length of 16k+L and then shift by n-1 times by a length of L.

[0407] For example, when there are time slot #0, time slot #1, ..., time slot #n-1 in a 0.5ms half subframe, if the length of time slot #0 is 16k+L, then the lengths of time slot #1, ..., and time slot #n-1 are all L. If the time slot offset is positive / negative (shifted to the right in the time domain) so that all variable-length time slots are shifted, the shift length is shifted once by 16k+L length and then shifted n-1 times by L length. If the time slot offset is negative / positive (shifted to the left in the time domain), the shift length can be shifted n-1 times by L length and then shifted once by 16k+L length.

[0408] The above embodiment can be an example of a scheme in which all samples of 0.5 ms are shifted so as to be considered as valid samples. According to the above embodiment, when shifting by 1 time slot, all n time slots constituting 0.5 ms can be shifted by the same length (shifted by 16k+L sample length or shifted by L sample length) at a specific shift moment.

[0409] As described above, for example, the length of a 60kHz SCS and / or 120kHz SCS time slot can be defined as the value of the remaining time except for the 16k before each 0.5ms divided by a power of 2 (e.g., 2, 4), and specifically, a 16k length can be added to the time slot located 0.5ms ahead (60kHz SCS time slot = [7688k, 7672k], 120kHz SCS time slot = [3852k, 3836k, 3836k, 3836k]). For example, a length of 16k can be added to the first time slot located at the front of the time domain within a 0.5ms duration. The shift order as described above can consider adding a length of 16k to the first time slot located at the front of the time domain within a 0.5ms duration.

[0410] Method 4

[0411] According to various embodiments, the first 16k portion of each 0.5ms can be treated as a fixed duration that does not move (an invalid interval from the perspective of the temporary time slot when shifting), and a time slot offset can be applied.

[0412] According to various embodiments, the shift distance of each temporary time slot may be different for each time slot. According to various embodiments, only time slots of fixed duration may be shifted by 16k+L samples, while other time slots may be shifted by L samples.

[0413] According to various embodiments, a method of continuing to stay at an original position is described with respect to each 0.5 ms portion of the header 16k length duration as a common fixed duration.

[0414] According to various embodiments, once all time slots 0, 1, .., n-1 within 0.5 ms can be generated from a temporary time slot of length L, the first time slot can be generated as a slightly longer time slot (16k+L length) by further extending the CP of the first symbol of the temporary time slot by 16k based on the position of the non-shifted half subframe (0.5 ms). According to various embodiments, the remaining temporary time slots can be time slots that do not change.

[0415] According to various embodiments, the definition of shifting by 1 time slot (left or right) may be as follows.

[0416] For example, when shifting, a temporary time slot of length L can be shifted by different amounts, and among the shifted temporary time slots, the time slots that have passed a common fixed duration (the first 16k length interval of the original unshifted 0.5ms half subframe) can be shifted by 16k+L, and the time slots that have not passed the common fixed duration can only be shifted by L.

[0417] For example, when m time slots need to be shifted, after the temporary time slot is shifted by 1 time slot m times in succession according to the method based on various embodiments, the temporary time slot immediately following the common fixed duration of 16k length can extend the CP of the first symbol by 16k to generate an actual time slot of length 16k+L, and the remaining temporary time slots can be the original actual time slots.

[0418] Method 4 - Enhancement

[0419] According to the above principles based on various embodiments, explicit operation can be provided when the time slot length of the shift cell (e.g., SCell) is less than or equal to the time slot (and / or time slot unit) length of the timing-fixed reference cell (e.g., PCell / PSCell).

[0420] Hereinafter, according to various embodiments, in order to provide clear operations in all cases (including the case where the time slot length of the shifted cell is greater than the time slot length of the reference cell with fixed timing), clearer operations are expressed by using equations and the like.

[0421] As described below, according to various embodiments, the time slot unit as a unit indicating the time slot offset can be indicated based on the reference SCS. For example, the time slot of the shifted cell (e.g., the target cell) and the time slot of the reference cell with fixed timing, whichever has the same length or shorter length, can be the time slot unit. For more detailed information, refer to the description of the time slot unit according to various embodiments.

[0422] For example, when the time slot unit is 1 ms (i.e., when the time slot unit is greater than 0.5 ms, in this case, it may be the case where the SCS of the shifted cell and the SCS of the reference cell may be SCS = 15 kHz):

[0423] Shifting i time slot units (and / or i time slot units) may mean shifting a number of i * 2 * 15360k ( = i * 32720k) samples. For example, if i is negative, it may mean shifting to the left in the time domain, and if i is positive, it may mean shifting to the right in the time domain.

[0424] In a wireless communication system (e.g., 5G NR system) where various embodiments can be applied, the cell with the shorter time slot length among two cells is an equivalent expression of the cell with the larger SCS among the two cells (i.e., a shorter time slot length can be an equivalent expression of a larger SCS), and the same time slot length of the two cells can be an equivalent expression of the same SCS of the two cells.

[0425] In the description of various embodiments, when the time slot unit is less than or equal to 0.5 ms, k (kappa) can be T s / T c = 64, as described above, and N can be defined as the number of time slot units within 0.5 ms. In the description of various embodiments, the time slot unit and the time slot can be used interchangeably.

[0426] For example, shifting i time slot units (and / or i time slot units) may mean that, for L = (15360k - 16k) / N,

[0427] when P = floor(i / N), (P is a negative integer, 0, or a positive integer), and

[0428] r = (i mod N), (r = 0, 1,..., N - 1)

[0429] Then,

[0430] First, the time slot index j (0 <= j < K, K is the number of time slots in the 10 ms frame of the shifted cell)

[0431] of the shifted cell (e.g., SCell) is changed to

[0432] the time slot index ((j - P) mod K)

[0433] Then, for all time slots

[0434] if r < N, an additional shift of (-r * L) samples is performed;

[0435] If r >= N, add a shift of (-(16k + r*L)) samples.

[0436] For example, a negative shift integer may mean a left shift in the time domain, and a positive shift integer may mean a right shift in the time domain.

[0437] For example, to re-represent a shift of i time slot units (and / or i time slot elements),

[0438] First, shift the time slot index j of a cell (e.g., SCell) where 0 <= j < K and K is the number of time slots in a 10 ms frame of the shifted cell

[0439] can be changed to

[0440] the time slot index ((j - ceil(i / M)) mod K)

[0441] Then,

[0442] If (ceil(i / M)*M - i) < N, shift by (-(ceil(i / M)*M - i)*L) samples;

[0443] If (ceil(i / M)*M - i) >= N, shift by (-(16k + (ceil(i / M)*M - i)*L)) samples,

[0444] all time slots of the cell can be additionally shifted. For example, a negative shift integer may mean a left shift in the time domain, and a positive shift integer may mean a right shift in the time domain.

[0445] For example, when all time slot boundaries of a cell with a lower SCS can be aligned with the time slot boundaries of a cell with a higher SCS, the two cells can be said to be time slot aligned. According to various embodiments, perfect time slot alignment can be achieved between the shifted cell and the reference cell.

[0446] In a wireless communication system (e.g., 5G NR system) where various embodiments can be applied, when the time slots are not shifted, and only the time slot lengths corresponding to the time slot index values m*N (0 <= m*N < K, m is an integer) are 16k longer than the lengths of other time slots and the lengths of other time slots are the same, according to the above various embodiments, after shifting i time slot units, only the time slot lengths corresponding to the time slot index value (m*N - ceil(i / M)) mod K can be 16k longer than the lengths of other time slots, and the lengths of other time slots can be changed to be the same.

[0447] Example 1

[0448] For example, when the slot length of the shifted cell (e.g., Scell) is the same as the length of the slot unit (e.g., when the slot unit is defined to have a slot length equal to or less than the slot lengths of two cells, the slot length of the shifted cell is less than or equal to the slot length of the reference cell, etc.):

[0449] Shifting i slot units may mean

[0450] The slot index j (0 <= j < K, where K is the number of slots in the 10 ms frame of the shifted cell) of the shifted cell (e.g., SCell)

[0451] is changed to

[0452] the slot index ((j - i / M) mod K),

[0453] and then it is completed. For example, additional shifting in sample units may not be required.

[0454] Example 2

[0455] For example, when shifting i slot units, when the value of i corresponds to an integer multiple M (where M is the number of slot units within one slot length of the shifted cell (e.g., SCell)):

[0456] Shifting i slot units may mean

[0457] the slot index j (0 <= j < K, where K is the number of slots in the 10 ms frame of the shifted cell) of the shifted cell (e.g., SCell)

[0458] is changed to

[0459] the slot index ((j - i / M) mod K)

[0460] and then it is completed. For example, additional shifting in sample units may not be required.

[0461] Example 3

[0462] For example, when M <= N (that is, when the slot length of the shifted cell (e.g., SCell) is equal to or less than 0.5 ms, that is, when the SCS of the shifted cell (e.g., SCell) is greater than 15 kHz, etc.):

[0463] Shifting i slot units may mean

[0464] First, the slot index (0 <= j < K, where K is the number of slots in the 10 ms frame of the shifted cell) of the shifted cell (e.g., SCell)

[0465] is changed to

[0466] Time slot index ((j - ceil(i / M)) mod K)

[0467] Then

[0468] All time slots of the cell shifted by (-(ceil(i / M)*M – i*L)) samples

[0469] Are further shifted. For example, a negative shift can mean a left shift in the time domain, and a positive shift can mean a right shift in the time domain.

[0470] Hereinafter, specific examples / formulas for indicating a time slot offset will be described according to various embodiments.

[0471] Slot unit for shift

[0472] For example, when the number of time slot units within 0.5 ms is N (an integer / natural number greater than or equal to 0), the time slot offset can be indicated based on the following

[0473] – Time slots of the higher SCS between the PCell and the SCell, and / or[[ID=2,2]]

[0474] - Time slots having a length corresponding to the higher SCS among the SCS of the SSB of the PCell and the SCS of the SSB of the SCell, and / or

[0475] - Time slots having a length corresponding to the higher SCS among the lowest SCS in the BWP of the PCell and the lowest SCS in the BWP of the SCell, and / or

[0476] - Time slots having a length corresponding to the SCS of the SSB of the PCell, and / or

[0477] - Time slots having a length corresponding to the SCS of the SSB of the SCell, etc.

[0478] And various other methods can be considered. That is, according to various embodiments, the reference SCS for indicating the time slot unit as the unit for indicating the time slot offset can be determined based on the above methods.

[0479] Time samples for time slot shift (Equation 1)

[0480] For example, i time slot units can be expressed as i = Q*N + R [time slot unit] (R < N) ((N: the number of time slot units within 0.5 ms, R is an integer from 0 to N - 1, and Q is the quotient of i divided by N)). According to various embodiments, the number of samples of the shifted time slot can be expressed as follows:

[0481] A. When the standard for time slot boundary alignment is configured to the end of the time slot:

[0482] When a shift is required in i time slot units,

[0483] Shift right: Q*(16k+N·L)+R*L[samples]

[0484] Shift left: Q*(16k+N·L)+(16k+R*L)[sample]

[0485] Here, the length of the time slot index M*N can be 16k+L[samples], the length of the time slot index M*N+j can be L[samples] (1≤j≤N-1), M can be any integer, and L can be (S-16k) / N, and S can be 15360k.

[0486] And / or according to various embodiments, the number of samples of the shifted time slot may be indicated as follows:

[0487] B. When the slot boundary alignment criteria are configured to the start of the slot:

[0488] When a shift is required in i time slot units,

[0489] Shift right: Q*(16k+N*L)+(16k+R*L)[samples]

[0490] Shift left: Q*(16k+N*L)+R*L[samples]

[0491] Time samples for time slot shift (Equation 2)

[0492] Hereinafter, μ={0, 1, 2, 3, 4} may be determined as the SCS for the shifted slot unit (2 μ ).

[0493] For example, given a time slot offset S offset , according to various embodiments, the number of samples in a shifted time slot may be expressed as follows:

[0494] If μ>0, then

[0495] (-M*S+(Q*S+R*L))[sample]

[0496] Here, S offset It can be {-M*N, -M*N+1, ..., (M+1)*N-1}, Q can be floor((M*N+S offset ) / N), R can be mod((M*N+S offset ) / N), N can be 2^(μ-1), S can be 15360k, and L can be (S-16k) / N.

[0497] If μ>0, then

[0498] (-M*S+(Q*S))[sample]

[0499] Here, S offset It can be {-M*N,...,(M+1)*N-1}, Q can be floor(M*N+S offset ) / N), N can be 2^(μ-1), and S can be 15360k.

[0500] According to various embodiments, a time slot shifting method according to a time slot offset may be provided.Some terms used in the description of various embodiments may be defined as follows.

[0501] [When the slot unit is 1ms]

[0502] As described above, according to various embodiments, the time slot unit as the unit indicating the time slot offset can be indicated based on the reference SCS. For example, the time slot of the shift cell (e.g., the target cell) and the time slot of the reference cell with fixed timing, whichever has the same length or shorter, can be the time slot unit. For more detailed information, refer to the description of the time slot unit according to various embodiments.

[0503] For example, when the slot unit is 1 ms (that is, when the slot unit is greater than 0.5 ms, in this case, both the SCS of the shift cell and the SCS of the reference cell may be SCS=15 kHz):

[0504] Shifting by i time slot units (and / or i time slot units) may mean shifting by i*2*15360k (=i*32720k) samples. For example, when i is negative, it may mean shifting to the left in the time domain, and when i is positive, it may mean shifting to the right in the time domain.

[0505] In a wireless communication system to which various embodiments may be applied (e.g., a 5G NR system), the cell with the shorter slot length among the two cells may be an equivalent expression of the cell with the larger SCS among the two cells (that is, the shorter slot length may be equivalent to the larger SCS), and the same slot length of the two cells may be an equivalent expression of the same SCS of the two cells.

[0506] [When the slot unit is equal to or less than 0.5ms]

[0507] In the description of various embodiments, when the time slot unit is less than or equal to 0.5 ms, k(kappa) may be k=T s / T c=64, as described above, and N may be defined as the number of time slot units within 0.5 ms. In the description of various embodiments, time slot units and time slots may be used interchangeably.

[0508] For example, according to the method based on various embodiments, the shift of i time slot units (and / or i time slot units) can be organized as follows, for L=(15360k−16k) / N

[0509] when

[0510] Q = floor(i / N), (Q is a negative integer, 0 or a positive integer),

[0511] R=(i mod N), (R=0,1,...,N-1).

[0512] Figure 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0513] Reference Figure 15 As described above, unlike other time slots, the length of 16k is added to the first time slot in every 0.5ms, so when N time slots constituting each 0.5ms are shifted, a difference may occur depending on which time slot is aligned when shifting (according to the reference time position of the time slot shift). For example, in the case (a) of shifting while aligning the start of the first time slot among the N time slots constituting each 0.5ms with the time slot boundary of the reference cell, when shifting by 1 time slot to the right / left, the added 16k length can be located on the left relative to the start of the time slot of the reference cell. On the other hand, in the case (b) of shifting the end of the first time slot (and / or the start of the last time slot) among the N time slots while aligning with the time slot boundary of the reference cell, when shifting by 1 time slot to the right / left, the added 16k length can be located on the right relative to the end of the time slot of the reference cell.

[0514] [Method 1]

[0515] According to various embodiments, the shifting may be performed based on a shift alignment of the end of the last slot among the N slots constituting each 0.5 ms and / or based on a shift alignment of the beginning of the first slot among the N slots constituting each 0.5 ms.

[0516] Figure 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0517] According to various embodiments, the shift may be based on the shift alignment of the end of the last time slot of the N time slots constituting each 0.5 ms and / or based on the shift alignment of the start of the first time slot of the N time slots constituting each 0.5 ms. According to various embodiments, the reference time position for the time slot shift may be the start of the first time slot and / or the end of the last time slot within 0.5 ms.

[0518] In the description of various embodiments, L It may mean the length obtained by dividing the remaining length obtained by subtracting 16k from 0.5ms into four equal parts in the case of 120kHz SCS, that is, the length of the remaining length divided into four equal parts. For convenience, 2 of 60kHz SCS may be indicated. L , 30kHz SCS and 15kHz SCS 4 L .

[0519] According to various embodiments, L may be a value determined according to the SCS. For a 60kHz SCS, the slot length is 16k+L (16k+2 L ) and / or L(2 L ), for 30kHz SCS, the time slot length is 16k+L(=S=16k+4 L ), and for 15kHz SCS, the time slot length can be 2*(16k+L)(=2*(16k+4 L )).

[0520] Reference Figure 16 , the reference unit for time slot shifting may be a time slot for 15kHz SCS / a time slot for 30kHz SCS / a time slot for 60kHz SCS / a time slot for 120kHz SCS. According to various embodiments, since the time slot length in the time domain varies according to the SCS, the actual shift length in the time domain may vary according to the reference SCS.

[0521] – For example, in the case of a time slot for 15kHz SCS->①: (16k+4 L )*2

[0522] – For example, in the case of a time slot for 30kHz SCS->①: 16k+4 L

[0523] – For example, in the case of a time slot for 60kHz SCS->①: 16k+2 L ,②:2 L

[0524] – For example, in the case of a time slot for 120kHz SCS->①: 16k+L ,②: L

[0525] exist Figure 16 , the lengths of the time slot boundaries shown for the time slot shift can be expressed as ①, ②, ②, ②.

[0526] According to various embodiments, Figure 16 The time slot shift illustrated in can be performed based on the shift alignment of the end of the last time slot among the N time slots constituting each 0.5 ms and / or based on the shift alignment of the beginning of the first time slot among the N time slots constituting each 0.5 ms.

[0527] For example, when shifting right in the time domain in 60kHz SCS, the shift is equal to ①(16k+2 L ) corresponding to the length, it can be L ) is shifted from 0 to 1 times.

[0528] For example, when shifting left in the time domain in 60kHz SCS, in accordance with ②(2 L ) is shifted from 0 to 1 times, it can shift the length corresponding to ①(16k+2 L ) corresponding to the length.

[0529] For example, when shifting right in the time domain in 120kHz SCS, the shift is the same as ①(16k+ L ) of the corresponding length, it can be L ) is shifted 0 to 3 times.

[0530] For example, when shifting left in the time domain in 120kHz SCS, in accordance with ②( L ) after shifting 0 to 3 times, it can shift the same as ①(16k+ L ) corresponding to the length.

[0531] according to Figure 16 For example, the time slot including 16k can be located at the front (foremost) within 0.5ms. As another example, the length of the time slot boundary displayed for the time slot shift can be displayed as ②, ②, ②, ①, etc. In this case, the time slot including 16k can be located at the back (last) within 0.5ms.

[0532] Hereinafter, a slot boundary alignment method according to the relationship between the slot length of the SCell and the slot length of the PCell will be described in various embodiments.

[0533] A-1

[0534] According to various embodiments, when the slot length of the SCell is less than or equal to the slot length of the PCell (when the slot length of the SCell is less than or equal to the slot length of the PCell), boundary alignment may be performed based on the end of the slot. For example, one criterion may be to align the end of the last slot of the N slots constituting each 0.5 ms while shifting.

[0535] B-1

[0536] According to various embodiments, when the SCell slot length is greater than the PCell slot length (when the SCell slot length exceeds the PCell slot length), slot boundary alignment may be performed based on the end of the slot. For example, one criterion may be to align the end of the last slot of the N slots constituting each 0.5 ms while shifting.

[0537] A-2

[0538] According to various embodiments, when the slot length of the SCell is less than or equal to the slot length of the PCell (when the slot length of the SCell is less than or equal to the slot length of the PCell), boundary alignment may be performed based on the start of the slot. For example, aligning the start of the first slot among N slots constituting each 0.5 ms while shifting may be a criterion.

[0539] B-2

[0540] According to various embodiments, when the slot length of the SCell is greater than the slot length of the PCell (when the slot length of the SCell exceeds the slot length of the PCell), boundary alignment may be performed based on the start of the slot. For example, aligning the start of the first slot among N slots constituting each 0.5 ms while shifting may be a standard.

[0541] According to various embodiments, when instructed / indicated to shift i time slot units (and / or i time slot units), when i (not represented as left shift or right shift after taking the absolute value of i) is negative, it can be interpreted as a left shift, when i is positive, it can be interpreted as a right shift, and when i is 0, it can be interpreted as no shift. That is, according to various embodiments, the shift direction in the time domain can be indicated / configured according to the indication sign of i.

[0542] According to various embodiments, it can be expressed as i = Q*N + R, where N can be the number of time slot units within 0.5 ms, Q can be an integer (negative, 0, positive) value, and R can be a remainder satisfying 0 <= R < N. According to various embodiments, after shifting Q*(16k + N*L) by Q (if Q is negative, it can be shifted to the left, if Q is positive, it can be shifted to the right, and if Q is 0, it can remain unshifted), since the remainder is always R >= 0, R only generates an additional right shift.

[0543] According to various embodiments, in the case of shifting to the right by R, in all cases of A-1, B-1, A-2, and B-2, the number of samples of the shifted time slot is 16k*[1 - delta(R)] + R*L), so there is no need to distinguish.

[0544] That is, according to various embodiments, in the cases of A-1, B-1, A-2, and B-2, the total number of samples of the shifted time slot can be expressed as an equation Q*(16k + N*L) + (16k*[1 - delta(R)] + R*L) (for R = 0, 1,..., N - 1), where if R = 0, then delta(R) = 1 and if R ≠ 0, then delta(R) = 0.

[0545] According to various embodiments, in the cases of A-1, B-1, A-2, and B-2, the total number of samples in the shifted time slot can be expressed as follows:

[0546] Q = floor(i / N), (Q is a negative integer, 0, or positive integer)

[0547] R = (i mod N), (R = 0, 1,..., N - 1)

[0548] According to various embodiments, in the case of normal CP, the number of samples to be shifted (N shift_samples ) can be expressed as follows:

[0549] N shift_samples = Q*(16k + N*L) + (16k*[1 - delta(R)] + R*L)

[0550] = floor(i / N)*(16k + N*L) + (16k*[1 - delta(i mod N)] + (i mod N)*L)

[0551] = i*L + (floor(i / N) + [1 - delta(i mod N)])*16k

[0552] In addition, the various embodiments and effects described above are the same, but when there are differences in the formulas for calculating Q and R based on the i-time slot unit (here, i=-M,...,M-1), the formulas according to various embodiments will be described. For example, the corresponding formulas can be the same as the following formula 4.

[0553] [Formula 4]

[0554] SCS index for 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz, 120kHz: μ = {0, 1, 2, 3}

[0555] The number of time slots within 0.5ms is N = 2 μ-1

[0556] Slot offset index: i = -M, ..., M-1 where M = 5*2 μ / 2

[0557] Slot length:

[0558] If N≠1 / 2,

[0559] 16k+L or L where S=(16k+N*L) for normal CP

[0560] L where S=N*L for extended CP

[0561] If N = 1 / 2,

[0562] 2*S, where S=(16k+L) for normal CP

[0563] 2*S where S=L for extended CP

[0564] Number of samples used for slot shifting:

[0565] If N≠1 / 2,

[0566] N shift_samples =Q*S+16k*[1-delta(R)]+R*L for normal CP

[0567] N shift_samples =Q*S+R*L for extended CP

[0568] Among them, Q=floor((M+i) / N)-floor(M / N)

[0569] R = mod((M+i) / N)-mod(M / N)

[0570] delta(R)=1 if R=0 and delta(R)=0 if R≠0

[0571] If N = 1 / 2,

[0572] N shift_samples =Q*S

[0573] Where Q = M / N

[0574] The formulas according to the above-described various embodiments can be applied to various embodiments described below and other various embodiments.

[0575] [Method 2]

[0576] Figure 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0577] According to various embodiments, the shift may be based on the alignment of the end of the first slot among N slots constituting each 0.5 ms. According to various embodiments, the reference time position for the slot shift may be the end of the first slot within 0.5 ms.

[0578] In the description of various embodiments, L It may mean the length obtained by dividing the remaining length obtained by subtracting 16k from 0.5ms into four equal parts in the case of 120kHz SCS, that is, the length corresponding to the remaining length divided into four equal parts. For convenience, 2 of 60kHz SCS may be indicated. L , 30kHz SCS and 15kHz SCS 4 L .

[0579] In the description of various embodiments, L may be a value determined according to the SCS, and in the case of a 60kHz SCS, the slot length is 16k+L (=16k+2 L ) and / or L(2 L ), in the case of 30kHz SCS, the time slot length can be 16k+L(=16k+4 L ), and in the case of 15kHz SCS, the slot length may be 2*(16k+L)(=2*(16k+4 L )).

[0580] Reference Figure 17 , the reference unit for time slot shifting may be a time slot for 15kHz SCS / a time slot for 30kHz SCS / a time slot for 60kHz SCS / a time slot for 120kHz SCS. According to various embodiments, since the time slot length in the time domain varies according to the SCS, the actual shift length in the time domain may vary according to the reference SCS.

[0581] – For example, in the case of a 15kHz SCS time slot->①: (16k+4L)*2

[0582] – For example, in the case of a 30kHz SCS time slot -> ①: 16k+4L

[0583] – For example, in the case of a 60kHz SCS time slot -> ①: 16k+2L, ②: 2 L

[0584] – For example, in the case of a 120kHz SCS time slot -> ①: 16k+L, ②: L

[0585] exist Figure 17 , the lengths of the time slot boundaries shown for the time slot shift can be expressed as ①, ②, ②, ②.

[0586] According to various embodiments, Figure 17 The time slot shift illustrated in the example can be performed based on the shift alignment of the end of the last time slot among the N time slots constituting each 0.5 ms and / or based on the shift alignment of the beginning of the first time slot among the N time slots constituting each 0.5 ms and / or based on the shift alignment of the end of the first time slot among the N time slots constituting each 0.5 ms.

[0587] For example, when a 60 kHz SCS is a reference SCS, (a) time slot shifting may be performed based on the shift alignment of the end of the last time slot among the two time slots constituting each 0.5 ms and / or based on the shift alignment of the start of the first time slot among the two time slots constituting each 0.5 ms, and (b) time slot shifting may be performed based on the shift alignment of the end of the first time slot among the two time slots constituting each 0.5 ms. For example, in the case of (a), a difference of +16 k may be located at the end of the first time slot among the two time slots relative to the time slot boundary before the shift, and in the case of (b), a difference of +16 k may be located at the start of the first time slot among the two time slots relative to the time slot boundary before the shift.

[0588] For example, when a 120 kHz SCS is a reference SCS, (c) may be performed based on a shift alignment of the end of the last slot among the four slots constituting each 0.5 ms and / or based on a shift alignment of the start of the first slot among the four slots constituting each 0.5 ms, and (e) may be performed based on a shift alignment of the end of the first slot among the four slots constituting each 0.5 ms. For example, in the case of (c), a difference of +16 k may be located at the end of the first slot among the four slots relative to the slot boundary before the shift, and in the case of (e), a difference of +16 k may be located at the start of the first slot among the four slots relative to the slot boundary before the shift.

[0589] On the other hand, for example, (d) can perform time slot shifting based on the shift alignment at the end of the last time slot among the four time slots constituting each 0.5 ms and / or based on the shift alignment at the start of the first time slot among the four time slots constituting each 0.5 ms, and combine / mix the time slot shifting based on the shift alignment at the end of the first time slot among the four time slots constituting each 0.5 ms.

[0590] A-1

[0591] According to various embodiments, when the time slot length of the SCell is equal to or less than the time slot length of the PCell, a method of performing boundary alignment based on the end of the time slot can be provided, and aligning by shifting the end of the first time slot among the N time slots constituting each 0.5 ms can be used as a reference.

[0592] B-1

[0593] According to various embodiments, when the time slot length of the SCell is greater than the time slot length of the PCell, a method of performing boundary alignment based on the end of the time slot can be provided, and aligning by shifting the end of the first time slot among the N time slots constituting each 0.5 ms can be used as a reference.

[0594] According to various embodiments, when instructed / indicated to shift by i time slot units (and / or i time slot cells), if i (after taking the absolute value of i is not expressed as a left shift and a right shift) is negative, it can be interpreted as a left shift, if i is positive, it can be interpreted as a right shift, and if i is 0, it can be interpreted as no shift. That is, according to various embodiments, the shift direction in the time domain can be indicated / configured according to the sign of i.

[0595] According to various embodiments, it can be expressed as i = Q * N + R, where N can be the number of time slot units within 0.5 ms, Q can be the quotient when i is divided by N and has an integer (negative, 0, positive) value, and R can be the remainder satisfying 0 <= R < N. According to various embodiments, after shifting by Q * (16k + N * L) according to Q (if Q is negative, it can be shifted left, if Q is positive, it can be shifted right, and if Q is 0, it can be not shifted), since the remainder is always R >= 0, R only generates an additional right shift.

[0596] According to various embodiments, the right shift R can be:

[0597] – R * L in the case of A - 1.

[0598] – In the case of B-1, when M is the number of time slot units corresponding to the time slot length of the SCell (strictly speaking, since the time slot length of the SCell is long, it is the ratio of the PCell SCS (2^mμ_p) to the SCell SCS (2^mμ_s), that is, M = 2^(mμ_p) / 2^(mμ_s)), if 0 <= R <= (N - M), it can be R*L, if (N - M) < R < N, it can be 16k + R*L.

[0599] In summary, according to various embodiments, the total number of samples to be shifted

[0600] can be expressed by the formula:

[0601] - In the case of A-1, it is Q*(16k + N*L) + R*L;

[0602] - In the case of B-1, if 0 <= R <= (N - M), it is Q*(16k + N*L) + R*L, if (N - M) < R < N, it is Q*(16k + N*L) + (16k + R*L); (M = 2^(mμ_p) / 2^(mμ_s))

[0603] For example, the above formula can be expressed in another form as follows.

[0604] Q = floor(i / N), (Q is a negative integer, 0 or a positive integer)

[0605] R = (i mod N), (R = 0, 1,..., N - 1)

[0606] According to various embodiments, in the case of normal CP, the number of samples to be shifted (N shift_samples ) can be expressed as follows:

[0607] (1) In the case of A-1:

[0608] N shift_samples = Q*(16k + N*L) + R*L

[0609] = floor(i / N)*(16k + N*L) + (i mod N)*L

[0610] = i*L + floor(i / N)*16k

[0611] (2) In the case of B-1:

[0612] N shift_samples = Q*(16k + N*L) + R*L if 0 <= R <= N - M

[0613] =floor(i / N)*(16k+N*L)+(i mod N)*L

[0614] =i*L+floor(i / N)*16k

[0615] N shift_samples =Q*(16k+N*L)+(16k+R*L) if (NM) <R<N;

[0616] =floor(i / N)*(16k+N*L)+(16k+(i mod N)*L)

[0617] =i*L+(floor(i / N)+1)*16k

[0618] (M=2(mμ_p-mμ_s))

[0619] On the other hand, the various embodiments described above may be the number of samples to be shifted relative to a time slot with a normal CP (normal time slot). For example, in the case of a time slot with an extended CP (extended time slot), there may not be a 16k portion corresponding to a normal time slot.

[0620] For example, N_ext is the number of extended slot units within 0.5 ms, L_ext is the number of samples constituting the extended slot unit, and it is said that the slot unit of the extended slot can be defined in the same principle as in the case of the normal slot.

[0621] According to various embodiments, the total number of samples to be shifted can always be expressed as follows:

[0622] N shift_samples =Q*N_ext*L_ext+R*L_ext

[0623] According to various embodiments, in case of extended CP, the number of samples to be shifted (N shift_samples ) can be expressed as follows:

[0624] N shift_samples =Q*N_ext*L_ext+R*L_ext

[0625] =floor(i / N_ext)*N_ext*L_ext+(i mod N)*L_ext

[0626] =i*L_ext

[0627] Figure 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0628] According to various embodiments, information about the time slot offset can be sent / received based on the value of the reference SCS in the carrier aggregation, and the information about the time slot offset can indicate the time slot offset between the PCell / PSCell and the SCell, and the UE can determine the time offset of the SCell based on the information about the time slot offset.

[0629] According to various embodiments, the reference SCS may be associated with a unit indicating a time offset, and the reference time boundary may be associated with which cell's time boundary is applied as the time offset based on the reference time boundary.

[0630] For example, refer to Figure 18 (a) and Figure 18 In (c), the reference cell is configured with a 120 kHz SCS and the SCell is configured with a 60 kHz SCS. When the reference SCS is determined to be a 60 kHz SCS, the slot offset may be indicated in units corresponding to the reference SCS. For example, the UE may obtain / determine the slot boundary of the target cell based on the slot boundary of the reference cell configured with a 120 kHz SCS and based on the slot shift in the order of 16k+L->L or L->16k+L by applying the indicated slot offset based on the 60 kHz SCS.

[0631] For example, refer to Figure 18 (b) and Figure 18 In (d), the reference cell is configured with a 120 kHz SCS and the SCell is configured with a 60 kHz SCS. When the reference SCS is determined to be the 120 kHz SCS, the slot offset may be indicated in units corresponding to the reference SCS. For example, the UE may obtain / determine the slot boundary of the target cell based on the slot boundary of the reference cell configured with the 120 kHz SCS and based on the slot shift in the order of 16k+L->L or L->16k+L by applying the indicated slot offset based on the 120 kHz SCS.

[0632] For example, the start of slot 0 for the target cell may coincide with the start of slot N for the reference cell. For example, N may be determined based on the slot offset and the reference SCS.

[0633] Symbol Alignment

[0634] Methods of achieving symbol alignment according to various embodiments will be described.

[0635] For example, if slot alignment is achieved, there may be a method in which symbol alignment is achieved and a method in which symbol alignment is not achieved in this case.

[0636] For example, when the slot length of the shifted cell is longer (compared to the slot length of the reference cell), when the slot index is shifted by -ceil(i / M) and remains unchanged until re-indexing, then the sample shift is additionally performed by a fraction -r*L or -(16k+r*L):

[0637] Method a) and method b) etc. can be executed.

[0638] - Method a) A method of making the CP of the middle symbol of the time slot longer than the CP of other symbols by fixing the 16k sample part to the original position

[0639] Method b) A method of making the CP length of the first symbol (CP of a symbol located 0.5 ms later, where the first symbol is in a slot of a cell with a 15 kHz SCS) longer than the CPs of other symbols by shifting a 16 k sample portion to the first symbol of the slot

[0640] And for example, for method b), there may be the following two options.

[0641] For example, after the slot index is re-indexed, for the shifted cell, the original slot 0 (the slot with an index of 0) can be changed to the slot (-ceil (i / M)) (the slot with an index of (-ceil (i / M))), and the original slot (ceil (i / M)) (the slot with an index of (ceil (i / M))) can be changed to slot 0. In addition, when the long symbol in the sample is shifted to the first symbol:

[0642] -(1) The changed time slot 0 may be aligned with the time slot boundary of the reference cell. And / or;

[0643] -(2) The changed time slot (-ceil(i / M)) (ie, the original time slot 0) may be aligned with the time slot boundary of the reference cell.

[0644] In order to discuss method a), method b) and / or time slot alignment, symbol alignment, etc. according to various embodiments, some concepts may be summarized.

[0645] For example, samples may be grouped to form a symbol, 14 symbols may be grouped to form a slot, and slots may be grouped to form a frame.

[0646] For example, unlike the case of fixed timing, when there is a timing shift, these samples, symbols, time slots, frames, etc. can be interpreted as two different concepts:

[0647] Concept 1: For example, each sample group configured with a zero timing shift can itself be a symbol, each symbol group consisting of 14 symbols can itself be a slot, and each slot group can itself be a frame. For example, symbol indices of 0, 1, ..., 13 can be assigned to each symbol group starting from the first symbol. For example, in this case, shifting by i slots can mean that all symbols corresponding to the slot are shifted by a length corresponding to 14*i symbols, and all samples corresponding to the symbol are shifted by this length.

[0648] – Concept 2: For example, an upper group may be simply a container including a set of sub-elements. That is, for example, in the relationship between a sample and a symbol, a sample may be an element, and a symbol may be a container including a set of sample elements. For example, in the relationship between a symbol and a slot, a symbol may be an element, and a slot may be a container including a set of symbol elements. For example, in the relationship between a slot and a frame, a slot may be a container including an element, and a frame may include a set of slot elements. For example, each symbol group may consist of 14 symbols, and symbol indices of 0, 1, ... 13 may be assigned starting from the first symbol of the slot. For example, in this case, shifting i slots may mean that the symbols corresponding to the slots are retained in their original timing as is, and after a container, which is only referred to as a slot that can accommodate 14 symbols, is shifted by 14*i symbols in symbol granularity, the 14 symbols located within the start and end boundaries of the container are placed in a new container and belong to the slot. For example, in this case, the slot index of the corresponding container is assigned to the 14 symbols included in the shift container, and re-indexing can be performed by assigning symbol indices 0, 1, ..., 13 starting from the first symbol in the container. For example, this can be a method of shifting only the slots corresponding to the container without shifting the timing of the symbols and samples at all to prepare for the case of a shift of 0, and can correspond to method a).

[0649] When the time slot length of the shifted cell is equal to or less than the length of the time slot unit, the methods according to the various embodiments described above can be clearly applied. Hereinafter, various embodiments will be described including the general case when the time slot length of the shifted cell is greater than the time slot unit.

[0650] In the description of various embodiments, similar to defining a time slot determined by a reference SCS as a time slot unit, a symbol determined by the same reference SCS can be defined as a symbol unit.

[0651] According to various embodiments, for non-shifted timing, the first symbol unit appearing every 0.5 ms may have a CP 16k longer than other symbol units. For example, the first symbol unit in the time domain within every 0.5 ms may have a CP 16k longer than other symbol units.

[0652] According to various embodiments, when the slot unit is 1 ms (the slot length corresponds to SCS=15 kHz, i.e., greater than 0.5 ms) and / or when the slot unit is greater than the shifted slot length, shifting i slot units may mean that all samples are shifted by 14*i symbol units.

[0653] For example, in the opposite case to the above example (that is, the length of the slot unit is less than or equal to 0.5 ms, and the length of the slot unit is equal to or less than the slot length of the shift cell), it can be assumed that M is the number of slot units included in one slot of the shift cell. According to various embodiments, shifting i slot units may mean that the "slot container" is shifted with a symbol unit granularity of 14*i symbol units, where the sample and / or symbol unit (i.e., element) is fixed at the original timing. According to various embodiments, each of the shift containers may include exactly 14*M symbol units.

[0654] According to method a) according to various embodiments, 14 "symbol containers" can be generated by combining M symbol units starting from the first symbol unit in the "slot container" to integrate them into a single symbol. For example, the slot indices of the "slot container" can be assigned to the 14 symbols obtained by integration in this manner, and the symbol indices can be re-indexed such that, starting from the first symbol, symbol indices 0, 1, ..., 13 are assigned.

[0655] According to method a) based on various embodiments, both slot alignment and symbol alignment can be perfectly maintained in the shifted cell relative to the timing of the reference cell, and the symbol having a longer CP than other symbols in the slot may not be the symbol corresponding to symbol index 0.

[0656] According to method a) according to various embodiments, shifting by i time slot units may mean that samples and / or symbols (i.e., elements) are fixed to their original, unshifted timing, and that the "time slot container" and "symbol container" are shifted by 14*i symbol units (symbols determined by the reference SCS) at a symbol unit granularity. For example, the "symbol container" of the shifted cell may be a container comprising M consecutive symbol units, and the "time slot container" may be a container comprising 14*M symbol units.

[0657] According to various embodiments, after being shifted, the M symbol units belonging to the "symbol container" can be integrated to form one symbol (element). For example, after being shifted, 14 symbols (elements) consisting of 14*M symbol units in the "time slot container" can constitute one time slot.

[0658] According to various embodiments, for the overall method according to concept 2, as the time slot container and / or symbol container is shifted, the length of the elements belonging to the container can change by 16k samples, so the length of the container is variable, but the time slot index and / or symbol index assigned to the time slot container and / or symbol container before the shift can be maintained even after the shift.

[0659] According to various embodiments, the sample, symbol, time slot and frame elements can be fixed in their original timing, and since only the container is shifted, the size of the container is slightly variable ((approximately) ±16k) so that it exactly matches the length of the new element belonging to the container can be achieved by shifting only the index of the symbol, time slot and frame when shifting.

[0660] Method a) for shifting containers called frames and / or containers called slots and / or containers called symbols according to various embodiments is described below based on the index shifting concept:

[0661] According to various embodiments, when the number of time slots of the cell to be shifted (e.g., SCell) within a 10ms frame is K and the number of time slot units corresponding to one time slot of the cell to be shifted is M, in a frame based on a non-shifted fixed time, starting from the first time slot unit, there may be K*M time slot units with time slot unit indices s=0, 1, ..., K*M-1.

[0662] According to various embodiments, since there are 14 symbol units (with symbol unit indices 0, 1, ..., 13) in each time slot unit, there may be 14*K*M symbol units in one frame. According to various embodiments, symbol unit virtual indices n=0, 1, ..., 14K*M-1 may be assigned to the symbol units starting from the first symbol unit.

[0663] According to various implementations, the cell timing offset by i time slot units may be implemented as follows:

[0664] – First, the slot unit index j can be changed to floor(((ji)mod(K*M)) / M)

[0665] -- Then, K*M time slot units in one frame may have one of indices from 0 to K-1 by changing the index, and consecutive M time slot units may have the same index.

[0666] --M consecutive time slot units having the same index may be integrated to form one time slot, and an index (eg, the same index assigned to the consecutive M time slot units) may be assigned as a time slot index of the time slot.

[0667] –Next, the symbol unit virtual index n can be changed to floor(((n-14*i)mod(14*K*M)) / M)--then, the 14*K*M symbol units in a frame can have a value with one of the indices from 0 to (14*K-1) by index change, and M consecutive symbol units can have the same index.

[0668] -- M consecutive symbol units having the same index are integrated to become one symbol, and (index mod 14) calculated / obtained from the corresponding index (the same index assigned to the consecutive M symbol units) may be assigned as the symbol index of the symbol.

[0669] - Finally, the shifted frame consists of K consecutive slots starting from the slot with the new slot index 0, and the shifted slot may consist of 14 consecutive symbols starting from the symbol with the new symbol index 0.

[0670] According to method b) based on various embodiments, the symbol unit elements and containers (that is, the symbol units themselves and the corresponding "symbol unit (called) containers" determined by the reference SCS) are shifted (for example, a negative shift may mean a shift to the left (in the time domain) at a symbol unit granularity) by -14*(ceil(i / M)*Mi) symbol units, where the "time slot container" is shifted, and then 14*M symbol unit containers starting from the first symbol unit container based on the contents of the shifted "time slot container" are bundled in groups of M to integrate them into one symbol, and 14 symbols may be generated.

[0671] According to various embodiments, the slot indices of the "slot container" may be assigned to symbols obtained / acquired by integration and may be re-indexed in such a way that symbol indices 0, 1, ..., 13 are assigned starting from the first symbol.

[0672] According to method b) based on various embodiments, in order to prepare the shift cell for the timing of the reference cell, symbol alignment may not be maintained / achieved normally, but time slot alignment can be perfectly maintained / achieved, and the principle that the symbol with a longer CP than other symbols in the time slot is symbol 0 (symbol with index 0) can also always be maintained.

[0673] According to the method of integrating the time slot and / or symbol length of the shifted cell (e.g., SCell) after shifting only the index of the time slot unit and symbol unit according to various embodiments, because the SCell frame structure is different from TS 38.211, etc., when the UE is configured to time slot align with another PCell and / or the time slot shifted SCell is configured as a PCell, there may be problems in lower-level compatibility and / or capabilities, which may need to be supplemented.

[0674] For example, for a UE supporting a wireless communication system to which various embodiments may be applied (e.g., NR Release 16), even when carrier aggregation is not configured, an indication that the frame structure has changed may be signaled through the slot offset signaling itself, and the UE supporting the wireless communication system to which various embodiments may be applied may interpret the corresponding signaling as the above-mentioned meaning. For example, a UE supporting a wireless communication system to which various embodiments may be applied may interpret the slot offset signaling as an indication that the frame structure has changed.

[0675] In addition, for example, information regarding no shift for a non-carrier aggregation cell and / or for a PCell and / or PSCell and / or how many symbol / time slot units are shifted compared to a basic frame structure may be signaled.

[0676] For example, this information may be indicated in a SIB (e.g., SIB1) and / or a UE-specific RRC signal having SFI (Slot Format Index / Slot Format Indicator) related information. And / or, for example, considering the payload of the SIB and / or the UE-specific RRC signal, etc., a binary 1-bit flag may be used to know / indicate whether it is a basic frame structure, and when the UE knows that the (frame) structure is not a basic structure through the flag, it may be based on reading the RRC signaling (by decoding the RRC signaling / according to the RRC signaling) and obtaining the shift length value to know the frame structure.

[0677] For example, there may be questions as to whether the system / UE will not operate due to no signaling (structure related), and there are differences in understanding of 0.52 μs between transceivers for the CP.

[0678] For example, due to CP, there may be reduced coverage and performance, but whether to not perform the operation itself may vary for each case. For example, in the absence of signaling, if the problems are ranked by severity, they may be as follows:

[0679] -1) For time offset-based shifting, if it is limited to a shift of 0.5 ms, there may be no problem in all cases. For example, in this case, time slot alignment and symbol alignment can be maintained, and a limited granularity of 0.5 ms can be achieved.

[0680] -2) In the case of method b) according to various embodiments, (because channel estimation and / or beamforming are performed independently in time slot units), the problem of operation itself (problem of non-operation) may not occur. For example, in this case, time slot alignment can be maintained, and fine granularity in time slot units can be achieved.

[0681] -3) In method a) according to various embodiments, when the index is changed only in time slot units (that is, when the long symbol is always located in front in symbol units), (because channel estimation and / or beamforming are performed independently in time slot units), the problem of the operation itself (whether it does not work) may not occur. For example, in this case, when the time slot length of the shifted cell (e.g., SCell) is less than or equal to the time slot length of the reference cell (e.g., PCell / PSCell) and / or when the time slot of the shifted cell is longer than the time slot of the fixed unit, by imposing restrictions on the shiftable grid, there may be a case where only shifting in units of the time slot length of the shifted cell is allowed. In this case, time slot alignment can be maintained and (slightly) limited granularity per time slot can be achieved.

[0682] -4) In method a) according to various embodiments, when the time slot of a shifted cell is longer than that of a fixed cell, and when the index is changed in slot units, the structure changes based on symbol units within the slot. Because the shiftable grid is unlimited, a time slot may be generated where the middle of the slot is 0.52 μs. For example, in this case, the amount of phase change within the time slot differs from that in the basic structure, and because the channel within the time slot varies rapidly, two different channels may be applied / allocated, with the boundary located somewhere in the middle symbol of the time slot. That is, for example, a single channel estimate and a single beamforming value may not be estimated for the time slot. For example, in this case, although the impact on network / UE operation may vary depending on the implementation of the channel estimator, until the structure information is known or indicated by signaling, channel estimation needs to be performed in symbol units rather than slot units, and performance in the corresponding time slot will inevitably deteriorate. For example, in this case, slot and symbol alignment can be maintained, and fine granularity in slot units can be achieved.

[0683] Signaling (structure-related) according to various embodiments may be a supplement to the above 4). For example, although signaling may or may not be sent / received between the network and the UE in the cases 1)-3) (structure-related), in the case 4) (structure-related), signaling may need to be sent / received between the network and the UE.

[0684] Larger SCS slot shift unit

[0685] According to various embodiments, a larger SCS slot shift unit may be indicated in units of N times (eg, N is a value obtained by dividing a larger value of PCell / PSCell SCS and SCell SCS by a smaller value).

[0686] And / or, according to various embodiments, a larger SCS slot shift unit may be indicated in units of N times (e.g., N is a value obtained by dividing the SCS of the shifted slot by a 30kHz SCS) regardless of any SCS to always adapt to a unit of 0.5ms.

[0687] And / or, according to various embodiments, when the SCS of the PCell / PSCell and SCell is greater than 30 kHz (e.g., 60 kHz, 120 kHz), a larger SCS slot shift unit may be indicated in units of N times (e.g., N is the SCS of the shifted slot divided by the 30 kHz SCS) to accommodate the 0.5 ms unit. For example, when the shifted slot corresponds to a 60 kHz SCS, it may be indicated as a multiple of 2, and when the shifted slot corresponds to a 120 kHz SCS, it may be indicated as a multiple of 4.

[0688] Implementation Method A

[0689] According to various embodiments, for inter-band carrier aggregation, carrier aggregation with misaligned frame boundaries with time slot alignment and partial SFN alignment can be provided. Specific operational examples of CA operation with misaligned frame boundaries according to various embodiments can be as follows:

[0690] - For example, in carrier aggregation with misaligned frame boundaries with slot alignment and partial SFN alignment, the slot offset may be configured / indicated by explicit RRC signaling to the UE.

[0691] --For example, a time slot offset for a CC (and / or serving cell) can be defined for PCell / PSCell timing, and the time slot offset can be the time slot offset between PCell / PSCell and SCell, and the time slot granularity (and / or a reference SCS for indicating the time slot offset) can be defined / determined as follows.

[0692] ---Alt.1: The maximum SCS among the lowest SCS of the PCell / PSCell among all configured SCSs (corresponding to the DL / UP BWP) and the lowest SCS among all SCSs configured in the CC (corresponding to the DL / UP BWP) (the maximum of the lowest SCS of the PCell / PSCell among all configured SCSs and the lowest SCS of the serving cell among all configured SCSs). In other words, the maximum SCS among the lowest SCS among the SCSs configured for each of the PCell / PSCell and SCell (the maximum of the lowest SCS configurations among the SCs configured for the PCell / PSCell and SCell).

[0693] ---Alt.2: 15kHz when CC is FR1, and 60kHz when CC is FR2

[0694] ---Alt.3: When CC is FR1, 60kHz, and when CC is FR2, 120kHz

[0695] ---Alt.4: 120kHz

[0696] Alt. (alternative) according to various embodiments is an example of various embodiments, and the time slot granularity (and / or the reference SCS for indicating the time slot offset) may be defined / determined by other methods according to various other embodiments.

[0697] For example, when the offset (eg, timeslot offset) for a UE indicated as supporting the relevant function is not 0, the offset may always be signaled.

[0698] For example, a one slot shift to the right and a one slot shift to the left may correspond to different samples.

[0699] For example, the offset range may be limited to ±76800Ts.

[0700] The method of Alt.1 for defining / determining slot granularity for offset indication according to various embodiments can be described in more detail as follows:

[0701] - For a given SCell, a single value indicating a slot offset with slot granularity may be indicated as an RRC parameter.

[0702] -With a slot offset of N, the start of slot #0 of a CC (e.g., SCell) with a lower SCS (e.g., PCell / PScell ​​in the case of the same SCS) can be consistent with slot #(qN mod M) of a CC (e.g., PCell / PScell) with a higher SCS (e.g., SCell in the case of the same SCS).

[0703] --q can be defined as follows.

[0704] ---When the SCS of the PCell / PSCell is less than or equal to (less than or equal to) the SCS of the SCell, q=-1.

[0705] ---In other cases, q=1.

[0706] --M can be the number of slots per frame for CCs with higher SCSs. For example, M can vary depending on the SCS (reference SCS).

[0707] A more specific operation example of carrier aggregation operation with misaligned frame boundaries according to various embodiments may be as follows.

[0708] Definition of slot offset

[0709] According to various embodiments, when a slot offset is indicated, the slot shift method may have two solutions:

[0710] - First solution: 16k may always be located in front of the slot number #0 of the SCell.

[0711] - Second solution: The position of 16k can be changed so that the slot boundaries can be kept aligned.

[0712] Referring back to Equations 1 and 2 related to OFDM symbol generation in a wireless communication system to which various embodiments may be applied, 16k may be located in front of the first OFDM symbol in a subframe, and accordingly, when the time slot index of the mobile SCell is used, a first solution in which 16k is always located in front of the time slot number #0 of the mobile cell may be considered.

[0713] Considering that there is no restriction that the position of 16k must be maintained in a wireless communication system to which various embodiments can be applied, for strict time slot alignment, a second solution can be considered in which the position of 16k can be changed to the front of a time slot other than time slot number #0 of the mobile cell.

[0714] Figure 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0715] Reference Figure 19 (a) illustrates an example of a first solution according to various embodiments. For example, even in the case of time slot shift, 16k can always be located in time slot number #0 of the mobile cell. For example, when qN=-2, the time slot of the SCell can be shifted right by 2 time slots in the time domain based on the time slot of the PCell / PSCell, and the start of time slot #0 of the PCell / PSCell can be shifted to align with the start of time slot #79 of the SCell.

[0716] Reference Figure 19 (b) illustrates an example of the first solution according to various embodiments. For example, based on the change in slot index due to slot shifting, 16k may be located in a slot other than slot number #0 of the SCell. For example, when qN = -2, the slots of the SCell may be shifted right by 2 slots in the time domain based on the slots of the PCell / PSCell. Therefore, 16k may be located before slot number #2.

[0717] In the first solution according to various embodiments, the number of shifted samples may be determined based on Table 22. For a more detailed description, reference may also be made to the description of the various embodiments above.

[0718] [Table 22]

[0719]

[0720] In the second solution according to various embodiments, the slot index shift (renumbering) and the number of shifted samples may be determined based on Table 23. For a more detailed description, reference may also be made to the description of the various embodiments above.

[0721] [Table 23]

[0722]

[0723] Figure 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0724] Figure 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0725] Figure 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0726] Figures 20 to 22 An example of time slot shifting according to the first solution based on various embodiments may be illustrated.

[0727] Reference Figures 20 to 22 According to a first solution based on various embodiments, when one or more of the SCS of the PCell / PSCell and the SCS of the SCell is less than or equal to (or less than) 30 kHz, the slot boundaries can be consistently maintained (aligned) even with slot shifting. Furthermore, according to the first solution based on various embodiments, when both the SCS of the PCell / PSCell and the SCS of the SCell exceed 30 kHz, the slot boundaries between the PCell / PSCell and the SCell may be misaligned. For example, one of the start of slot #0 of the SCell and the end of slot #0 may not be aligned with the start / end of the PCell / PSCell's slot.

[0728] Figure 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of slot shifting according to various embodiments.

[0729] Figure 23 An example of time slot shifting according to the second solution based on various embodiments may be shown.

[0730] Reference Figure 23, according to a second solution based on various embodiments, the 16k position is allowed to be changed according to the slot shift so that the slot boundaries can be aligned in all cases.

[0731] According to various embodiments, when the shifted slots have longer slot durations (eg, slots corresponding to 15kHz SCS and 30kHz SCS), the slot boundaries between the PCell / PSCell and the SCell may be aligned even if 16k is located in the first OFDM symbol of the subframe.

[0732] According to various embodiments, when the shifted slots have shorter slot periods (eg, slots corresponding to 60kHz SCS), the slot boundaries between PCell / PSCell and SCell may be aligned while allowing for a 16k position change according to the slot shift.

[0733] Taking this into consideration, if both the SCS of PCell / PSCell and the SCS of SCell exceed 30kHz, the second solution according to various embodiments may be a more preferred solution, however, the various embodiments are not limited thereto, and even when both the SCS of PCell / PSCell and the SCS of SCell exceed 30kHz, the first solution according to various embodiments may be applied.

[0734] Implementation Method B

[0735] According to various embodiments, when a slot offset is given and the SCSs of both cells are the same, the slot boundary of the SCell may be aligned with the start of slot #0 of the PCell / PSCell.

[0736] For example, assuming cell 1 is a PCell and cell 2 is an SCell, the SCSs of the two cells are the same, and a slot offset of 1 is placed in cell 2 compared to cell 1, the system may shift the timing of cell 2 to the right by L samples relative to cell 1.

[0737] For example, when the network indicates an offset of 1 to the UE, the UE can align to the slot boundary based on the same assumption of shifting the timing of cell 2 to the right by L samples relative to cell 1.

[0738] For example, from the perspective of cell 2, it can be seen that the time slot boundary of cell 1 is shifted to the left by L samples in the time domain.

[0739] For example, assuming in the above scenario that cell 1 and cell 2 are both PCells for both UEs, if the above assumptions regarding slot offset also apply to the UE whose cell 2 is a PCell, then when the timing of cell 1 is shifted left by 16k+L samples relative to cell 2, the slot boundaries are aligned, and if the system applies the slot offset based on how cell 1 appears to be shifted left by L samples, then the UE whose cell 2 is a PCell may identify a time point different from the slot boundary operated by the system as a slot boundary, and therefore a solution to this may be required.

[0740] Method 1

[0741] According to various embodiments, a specific cell used as a reference for the time slot boundary may be defined, and the offset may be defined / indicated based on the timing of the cell. For example, a cell-specific PCell / PSCell (and / or network-specific PCell / PSCell and / or system-specific PCell / PSCell) may be defined instead of a UE-specific PCell / PSCell, regardless of whether it is a PCell / PSCell or an SCell, and the shift may be defined / indicated based on the timing of the cell-specific PCell / PSCell.

[0742] Implementation Method 1

[0743] For example, the time slot offset between the SCell and the cell used as a reference for the time slot boundary may be indicated. For example, the time slot offset between the cell-specific PCell / PSCell and the SCell may be indicated.

[0744] For example, since a time slot offset may be generated between a PCell / PSCell and a cell serving as a reference for a time slot boundary, a time slot offset for the PCell / PSCell may be indicated. For example, since a time slot offset may also be generated between a cell-specific PCell / PSCell and a (UE-specific) PCell / PSCell, a time slot offset for the (UE-specific) PCell / PSCell may be indicated.

[0745] For example, a specific cell used as a reference for the time slot boundary can be named Rcell (reference cell), PTcell (primary timing cell), TPcell (timing primary cell), timing (reference) PCell, Tcell with reference timing 0 (Tcell with reference timing 0), etc.

[0746] Method 2

[0747] According to various embodiments, a signal and / or alignment indicator (slot alignment indicator / slot indicator) may be introduced that indicates how to align the slot boundaries.

[0748] For example, based on the slot boundaries used in the system, the network selects a slot boundary alignment method and indicates / configures the method to the receiver (e.g., UE, IAB DU (Integrated Access and Backhaul Distributed Unit), IAB MT (Integrated Access and Backhaul Mobile Terminal), etc.).

[0749] For example, the receiver may align to the time slot boundaries according to the instruction / configuration reception method.

[0750] Implementation Method 1

[0751] For example, the following two slot boundary alignment methods may be configured / indicated by the indicator. For example, the indicator may configure / indicate one of the following two slot boundary alignment methods:

[0752] -1) Is the start of slot 0 of the PCell / PSCell aligned with the slot boundary of the SCell?

[0753] -2) Is the end of slot 0 of the PCell / PSCell aligned with the slot boundary of the SCell?

[0754] For example, the time slot boundary alignment method according to 1) can be expressed by the formula shown in Table 24.

[0755] [Table 24]

[0756]

[0757] Implementation Method 2

[0758] For example, when UE-specific PCell / PSCell and SCell are configured, an indication may be made for each UE. For example, when the PCell notifies the SCell of the slot offset, the indicator may be sent as additional information (eg, PBCH, SIB1, RRC, etc.).

[0759] Implementation 3

[0760] For example, if the SCSs of the two cells are the same, at least one of Embodiment 1 and / or Embodiment 2 may be applied. When the SCSs of the two cells are different, the size relationship between the SCSs of the two cells may be used. For example, when the time slot offset of the SCell relative to the PCell / PSCell is given as N (N is an integer):

[0761] -If the SCS of PCell / PSCell is the same as the SCS of SCell,

[0762] If the alignment indicator is configured as start alignment, the UE may assume that the start of slot 0 of the PCell / PSCell is aligned with the start of the slot (-N mod M) of the SCell,

[0763] If the alignment indicator is configured as end alignment, the UE may assume that the end of slot 0 of the PCell / PScell ​​is aligned with the end of the slot (-N mod M) of the SCell.

[0764] -otherwise,

[0765] --The UE may assume that the start of slot 0 of the cell with the lower SCS is aligned with the start of slot (qN mod M) of the cell with the higher SCS.

[0766] For example, M can be the number of time slots in a frame in a (higher) SCS.

[0767] For example, the time slot boundary alignment method according to embodiment 3 can be expressed by the formula shown in Table 25.

[0768] [Table 25]

[0769]

[0770] Implementation 4

[0771] For example, regardless of the size relationship between the SCSs of the two cells (i.e., the size relationship between the time slot lengths of the two cells), the above-mentioned method of always using PCell / PSCell as the reference timing and indicating the time slot offset alignment method can be applied.

[0772] For example, the boundary of a cell with a long time slot (compared to other cells) may always be aligned with the boundary of another cell, but in order to prevent the boundary of a cell with a short time slot (compared to other cells) from being shifted to be located in the middle of the time slot of another cell, in this case, the allowed value of the time slot shift can be limited to an integer multiple of the time slot length of the cell with a smaller SCS.

[0773] Implementation 5

[0774] For example, when an indicator is required, the indicator can be used to indicate the value of q. For example, the q value can be indicated by an alignment indicator.

[0775] Method 3

[0776] According to various embodiments, a frequency point (reference point / reference frequency point) for determining a reference cell / target cell may be defined / configured. According to various embodiments, at the start of time slot 0 of the cell with the lower frequency point in the frequency domain among the two cells, the time slot boundary (start) of the cell with the higher frequency point among the two cells may be aligned.

[0777] For example, regardless of PCell / PScell ​​or SCell, at the beginning of slot 0 of the cell with a lower center frequency among the two cells, (the beginning of) the slot boundary of the cell with a higher center frequency among the two cells may be aligned.

[0778] For example, regardless of PCell / PScell ​​or SCell, at the beginning of slot 0 of the cell with lower ARFCN among the two cells, (the beginning of) the slot boundary of the cell with higher ARFCN among the two cells may be aligned.

[0779] For example, regardless of PCell / PScell ​​or SCell, at the start of slot 0 of the cell with the lower point A among the two cells, the (start) of the slot boundary of the cell with the higher point A among the two cells may be aligned.

[0780] For example, when the SCS of two cells are the same, the above method can be applied, and when the SCS of the two cells are different, according to the size relationship between the SCS of the two cells (i.e., the size relationship between the time slot lengths of the two cells), for example, the start of time slot 0 of the cell with a longer time slot length can be shifted so that the start of the time slot boundary of the cell with a shorter time slot length can be aligned.

[0781] For example, the time slot boundary alignment method according to Method 3 can be expressed by the formula shown in Table 26.

[0782] [Table 26]

[0783]

[0784] Method 4

[0785] According to various embodiments, a frequency point (reference point / reference frequency point) for determining a reference cell / target cell may be defined / configured. According to various embodiments, at the beginning of time slot 0 of the cell with the higher frequency point in the frequency domain of the two cells, the time slot boundary (the beginning) of the cell with the lower frequency point in the two cells may be aligned.

[0786] For example, regardless of PCell / PScell ​​or SCell, at the beginning of slot 0 of the cell with a higher center frequency among the two cells, (the beginning of) the slot boundary of the cell with a lower center frequency among the two cells may be aligned.

[0787] For example, regardless of PCell / PScell ​​or SCell, at the start of slot 0 of the cell with higher ARFCN among the two cells, (the start of) the slot boundary of the cell with lower ARFCN among the two cells may be aligned.

[0788] For example, regardless of PCell / PScell ​​or SCell, at the start of slot 0 of the cell with a higher point A among the two cells, the (start) of the slot boundary of the cell with a lower point A among the two cells may be aligned.

[0789] For example, when the SCSs of two cells are the same, the above method can be applied. When the SCSs of the two cells are different, based on the size relationship between the SCSs of the two cells (that is, the size relationship between the time slot lengths of the two cells), for example, the start of time slot 0 of the cell with the longer time slot length can be shifted to align with the start of the time slot boundary of the cell with the shorter time slot length. (And / or, for example, the start of time slot 0 of the cell with the lower SCS can be shifted so that the start of the time slot boundary of the cell with the higher SCS is aligned.)

[0790] For example, the time slot boundary alignment method according to Method 4 can be expressed by the formula shown in Table 27.

[0791] [Table 27]

[0792]

[0793] Method 5

[0794] According to various embodiments, as a modification of Method 1, a time slot offset indicator for each cell relative to the reference timing (eg, each cell's own time slot offset indicator) may be introduced.

[0795] For example, instead of the relative shift concept of N time slots relative to the PCell / PSCell, each cell may be indicated (via MIB / SIB1 / RRC, etc.) by how many time slots it is shifted based on the virtual reference timing 0. In this case, for example, the shift may be performed so that the start of time slot #0 (i.e., shifted by 0 time slots) of the cell indicated as not shifted is aligned with the start of a time slot boundary of another cell.

[0796] Implementation Method 1

[0797] For example, when cell 1 and cell 2 exist in the system, it can be assumed that cell 1 is shifted by 0 time slots (0 time slot shift) and cell 2 itself is indicated as shifted by N time slots (N time slot shift).

[0798] For example, it can be assumed that for UE 1, cell 1 is configured as PCell / PSCell and cell 2 is configured as SCell, and for UE 2, cell 2 is configured as PCell / PSCell and cell 1 is configured as SCell.

[0799] For example, for UE 1, since the PCell / PSCell is shifted by 0 time slots and the SCell is shifted by N time slots, UE 1 can assume / determine / identify that the SCell is shifted by N time slots (shifted N time slots to the right) so that the start of the SCell's time slot (-N mod M) is aligned with the start of time slot 0 of the PCell / PSCell.

[0800] On the other hand, for example, with respect to UE 2, since the SCell is shifted by 0 slots and the PCell / PSCell is shifted by N slots, UE 2 may assume / determine / recognize that the SCell is shifted by -N slots (shifted to the left by N slots), such that the slot (-N mod M) of the PCell / PSCell is aligned with the start of the SCell's slot 0. For example, in the case of UE 2, the start of the PCell / PSCell's slot 0 may not always be aligned with the start of the SCell's slot (N mod M), and there may be a difference of 16k on the slot boundary, for example.

[0801] For example, in embodiment 1, when N time slots are shifted, the shift cell to be shifted may be predefined / determined as a reference time slot unit (eg, a time slot corresponding to a 120 kHz SCS).

[0802] Implementation Method 2

[0803] For example, when the SCSs of the two cells are the same, embodiment 1 can be applied, and when the SCSs of the two cells are different (i.e., when the time slot lengths of the two cells are different), based on the size relationship between the SCSs of the two cells (i.e., the size relationship between the time slot lengths of the two cells), for example, the start of time slot 0 of the cell with the longer time slot can be shifted to align with the start of the time slot boundary of the cell with the shorter time slot.

[0804] Implementation 3

[0805] For example, method 5 according to various embodiments may also be applied to the time slot shift method based on time slot index shift (time slot renumbering) according to various embodiments described above. For example, the UE may thereby know how the frame structure is changed.

[0806] For example, for a cell indicated as not shifted (i.e., shifted by 0 time slots), the frame structure defined in the wireless communication system (e.g., NR system) to which various embodiments are applicable is maintained, and for a cell shifted by N time slots, samples corresponding to 16k may exist at positions other than the beginning of time slot 0 in the frame.

[0807] Method 6

[0808] According to various embodiments, the beginning of time slot 0 of the cell with the larger bandwidth among the two cells may be aligned with (the beginning of) the time slot boundary of the other cell.

[0809] For example, whether it's a PCell / PScell ​​or an SCell, by comparing the SCS of the BWP of two cells, if the minimum SCS values ​​(lowest SCS) of the two cells are the same, the start of slot 0 of the cell with the second smallest SCS value (second lowest SCS) (that is, the cell with the longer slot) can be aligned with the slot boundary of the other cell. For example, if the second smallest SCS value is also the same, the size of the third smallest SCS is compared. If the third smallest SCS value is also the same, the size of the fourth smallest SCS is compared. This allows the SCS values ​​to be compared until they differ. If they are all the same, other frequency points (e.g., center frequency, point A, bandwidth, etc.) can be further compared.

[0810] Method 7

[0811] According to various embodiments, when a relative slot timing offset N (N is an integer) of the SCell based on the timing of the PCell / PSCell is given, if N>0 (right shift of the SCell), the slot boundary (the start) of the SCell can be aligned with the start of slot #0 of the PCell / PSCell, and if N<0 (left shift of the SCell), the slot boundary (the end) of the SCell can be aligned at the end of slot #0 of the PCell / PSCell.

[0812] Method 7 according to various embodiments may be particularly effective when the SCSs of two cells are the same. For example, if the SCSs or time slot lengths of two cells are different, the allowed time slot shift value may be limited to an integer multiple of the time slot length of the cell with the smaller SCS, taking into account that the boundary of the cell with a longer time slot (compared to other cells) always coincides with the boundary of the other cell, but the boundary of the cell with a shorter time slot (compared to other cells) is located in the middle of the time slot of the other cell.

[0813] For example, when the SCSs of the two cells are the same, the methods according to the various embodiments described above can be applied. When the SCSs of the two cells are different (i.e., when the two cells have different time slot lengths), the size relationship between the SCSs of the two cells (i.e., the size relationship between the time slot lengths of the two cells) can be used. For example, the time slot boundary (start) of the cell with the shorter time slot can be shifted to align with the start of time slot #0 of the cell with the longer time slot.

[0814] For example, when the SCSs of two cells are different, the slot boundary (start) of the cell with the shorter slot can be aligned with the start of slot #0 of the cell with the longer slot. For example, when the SCSs of two cells are the same, if N>0 (or N=0), the start of slot #0 of the PCell / PSCell can be aligned with the start of slot #0 (-N mod M) of the SCell. For example, when the SCSs of two cells are the same, if N<0, the end of slot #0 of the PCell / PSCell can be aligned with the end of slot # (-N mod M) of the SCell.

[0815] For example, when the SCS of two cells is the same, M is the number of time slots in one frame, and when the SCS of two cells is different, it can be the number of time slots in one frame in the cell with a larger SCS value (with a shorter time slot length).

[0816] For example, the time slot boundary alignment method according to Method 7 can be expressed by the formula shown in Table 28.

[0817] [Table 28]

[0818]

[0819] For example, the time slot boundary alignment method according to Method 7 can be represented by a more general formula shown in Table 29.

[0820] [Table 29]

[0821]

[0822] Method 7-a)

[0823] According to various embodiments, given a relative slot timing offset N (N is an integer) of the SCell based on the timing of the PCell / PSCell, if N<0 (left shift of the SCell), the slot boundary (the start) of the SCell can be aligned with the start of slot #0 of the PCell / PSCell, and if N>0 (right shift of the SCell), the slot boundary (the end) of the SCell can be aligned at the end of slot #0 of the PCell / PSCell.

[0824] Method 7-a) according to various embodiments may be particularly effective when the SCSs of two cells are the same. For example, if the SCSs or time slot lengths of two cells are different, the allowed time slot shift value may be limited to an integer multiple of the time slot length of the cell with the smaller SCS, considering that the boundary of the cell with a longer time slot (compared to other cells) always coincides with the boundary of the other cell, but the boundary of the cell with a shorter time slot (compared to other cells) is located in the middle of the time slots of the other cells.

[0825] For example, the time slot boundary alignment method according to method 7-a) can be expressed by the general formula shown in Table 30.

[0826] [Table 30]

[0827]

[0828] According to method 7 and / or method 7-a based on various embodiments, when two cells have the same SCS, since the number of samples of the SCell shifted right (and / or left) for a given positive (and / or negative) time slot offset N is equal to the number of samples of the SCell shifted left (and / or right) relative to -N, when the network operates with a time slot offset N relative to two cells (e.g., cell 1 and cell 2), UE 1 whose cell 1 is a PCell / PSCell and UE2 whose cell 2 is a PCell / PSCell can accurately know the shift length maintained by the network until there is no contradictory number of samples.

[0829] According to Method 7 and / or Method 7 - a according to various embodiments, when the absolute value of a given N is the same, the left / right shift lengths may be symmetrical (the same).

[0830] That is, when the absolute value of a given N is the same, the left and right shift lengths are symmetrical.

[0831] Because signals are sent and received between the network and the UE, it may be very important to accurately configure the timing assumed by the network and the UE. Taking the frame structure of a wireless communication system to which various embodiments may be applied as an example, specifically, when the SCS values ​​of two cells are 60kHz / 60kHz and 120kHz / 120kHz, respectively, Method 7 and / or Method 7-a according to various embodiments may be more effectively applied. For example, when the SCS values ​​of two cells are 60kHz / 60kHz and 120kHz / 120kHz, respectively, Method 7 and / or Method 7-a according to various embodiments may be applied to a limited extent.

[0832] Initial network access and communication process

[0833] According to various embodiments, the UE may perform a network access procedure to facilitate the execution of the procedures and / or methods described / suggested above. For example, the UE may receive and store system information and configuration information required to execute the procedures and / or methods described / suggested above while accessing the network (e.g., a base station). The configuration information required for various embodiments may be received via higher layer (e.g., RRC layer; medium access control MAC layer, etc.) signaling.

[0834] Figure 24 It is a diagram that briefly illustrates the initial network access and subsequent communication processes according to various embodiments. In an NR system to which various embodiments are applicable, beamforming may be used to transmit physical channels and reference signals. When beamforming-based signal transmission is supported, a beam management process may be involved to facilitate beam alignment between the base station and the UE. In addition, the signals proposed in the various embodiments may be transmitted / received using beamforming. In radio resource control (RRC) idle mode, beam alignment may be performed based on SSB (or SS / PBCH block). On the other hand, in RRC CONNECTED mode, beam alignment may be performed based on CSI-RS (in DL) and SRS (in UL). In addition, when beamforming-based signal transmission is not supported, beam-related operations may be omitted in the following description.

[0835] like Figure 24As shown, a base station (e.g., BS) may periodically transmit an SSB (2702). Here, the SSB includes PSS / SSS / PBCH. The SSB may be transmitted using beam scanning. Thereafter, the base station may transmit remaining minimum system information (RMSI) and other system information (OSI) (2704). The RMSI may include information required for the UE to initially access the base station (e.g., PRACH configuration information). In addition, the UE identifies the best SSB after performing SSB detection. Thereafter, the UE may transmit a RACH preamble (message 1, Msg1) (2706) to the base station by using a PRACH resource linked / corresponding to the index (i.e., beam) of the best SSB. The beam direction of the RACH preamble is related to the PRACH resource. The association between the PRACH resource (and / or RACH preamble) and the SSB (index) may be configured by system information (e.g., RMSI). Thereafter, as part of the RACH procedure, the base station may send a random access response (RAR) (Msg2) in response to the RACH preamble (2708), and the UE may send Msg3 (e.g., RRC connection request) (2710) using the UL grant in the RAR, and the base station may send a contention resolution message (Msg4) (2712). Msg4 may include RRC connection establishment.

[0836] When an RRC connection is established between a base station and a UE through a RACH procedure, subsequent beam alignment may be performed based on SSB / CSI-RS (in DL) and SRS (in UL). For example, the UE may receive SSB / CSI-RS (2714). The UE may use the SSB / CSI-RS to generate a beam / CSI report. In addition, the base station may request a beam / CSI report from the terminal through DCI (2716). In this case, the UE may generate a beam / CSI report based on the SSB / CSI-RS and send the generated beam / CSI report to the base station through PUSCH / PUCCH (2718). The beam / CSI report may include beam measurement results, information about a preferred beam, and the like. The base station and the UE may switch beams based on the beam / CSI report (2720a, 2720b).

[0837] Thereafter, the UE and the base station may perform the processes and / or methods described / proposed above. For example, according to various embodiments, the UE and the base station may process the information in the memory and transmit a radio signal or process a received radio signal and store it in the memory based on the configuration information obtained during the network access process (e.g., a system information acquisition process, an RRC connection process via RACH, etc.). Here, the radio signal may include at least one of a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and an RS (reference signal) for the downlink, and may include at least one of a PUCCH, a PUSCH, and an SRS for the uplink.

[0838] And / or, the UE and the base station may perform the above-described / proposed procedures and / or methods as at least a part of the above-mentioned initial access procedure.

[0839] DRX (Discontinuous Reception) Operation

[0840] Figure 25 is a diagram illustrating a DRX operation according to various embodiments.

[0841] According to various embodiments, the UE may perform DRX operation while executing the procedures and / or methods described / proposed above. A UE configured with DRX may reduce power consumption by discontinuously receiving DL signals. DRX may be performed in the RRC (Radio Resource Control)_IDLE state, the RRC_INACTIVE state, and the RRC_CONNECTED state. In the RRC_IDLE state and the RRC_INACTIVE state, DRX is used to discontinuously receive paging signals.

[0842] RRC_CONNECTED DRX

[0843] In the RRC_CONNECTED state, DRX is used for discontinuous reception of the PDCCH. For convenience, DRX performed in the RRC_CONNECTED state is referred to as RRC_CONNECTED DRX.

[0844] Reference Figure 25(a), the DRX cycle consists of an on-duration and an opportunity for DRX. The DRX cycle defines a time interval, wherein the on-duration is repeated periodically. The on-duration indicates the time period during which the UE monitors for receiving PDCCH. When DRX is configured, the UE performs PDCCH monitoring during the on-duration. If the PDCCH is successfully detected during the PDCCH monitoring, the UE operates the inactivity timer and remains awake. On the other hand, if the PDCCH is not successfully detected during the PDCCH monitoring, the UE enters a sleep state after the on-duration ends. Therefore, when DRX is configured, PDCCH monitoring / reception can be performed discontinuously in the time domain when performing the processes and / or methods described / proposed above. For example, when DRX is configured, in various embodiments, the PDCCH reception opportunities (e.g., time slots with PDCCH search space) can be configured discontinuously according to the DRX configuration. On the other hand, when DRX is not configured, PDCCH monitoring / reception can be performed continuously in the time domain when performing the processes and / or methods described / proposed above. For example, when DRX is not configured, PDCCH reception opportunities (eg, time slots with PDCCH search spaces) in various embodiments may be configured continuously. In addition, regardless of whether DRX is configured, PDCCH monitoring may be limited to time intervals configured as measurement gaps.

[0845] Table 31 shows the UE process related to DRX (RRC_CONNECTED state). Referring to Table 31, DRX configuration information is received through higher layer (e.g., RRC) signaling, and whether DRX is turned on / off is controlled by a DRX command of the MAC layer. If DRX is configured, the UE may discontinuously perform PDCCH monitoring when performing the procedures and / or methods proposed / described in various embodiments.

[0846] [Table 31]

[0847]

[0848] Here, MAC-CellGroupConfig includes configuration information necessary for configuring MAC (Media Access Control) parameters for a cell group. MAC-CellGroupConfig may also include configuration information related to DRX. For example, MAC-CellGroupConfig may include the following information to define DRX.

[0849] -drx-OnDurationTimer value: defines the length of the start duration of the DRX cycle

[0850] -drx-InactivityTimer value: defines the length of time that the UE remains awake after detecting a PDCCH opportunity indicating a PDCCH for initial UL or DL ​​data.

[0851] -drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL value: defines the length of the maximum duration from the reception of a DL initial transmission until the reception of a DL retransmission.

[0852] -drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL value: defines the length of the maximum duration from receiving the UL initial transmission grant until receiving the UL retransmission grant.

[0853] -drx-LongCycleStartOffset: defines the duration and starting point of the DRX cycle.

[0854] -drx-ShortCycle (optional): defines the duration of the short DRX cycle.

[0855] Here, if any one of drx-OnDurationTimer, drx-InactivityTimer, drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL, and drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL is in operation, the UE performs PDCCH monitoring at every PDCCH opportunity while maintaining an awake state.

[0856] RRC_IDLEDRX

[0857] In the RRC_IDLE state and the RRC-INACTIVE state, DRX is used to discontinuously receive a paging signal. For convenience, DRX performed in the RRC_IDLE (or RRC_INACTIVE) state is referred to as RRC_IDLE DRX.

[0858] Therefore, when DRX is configured, PDCCH monitoring / reception may be performed discontinuously in the time domain when performing the above-described / proposed procedures and / or methods.

[0859] Reference Figure 25(b), DRX can be configured for discontinuous reception of paging signals. The UE may receive DRX configuration information from the base station through higher layer (e.g., RRC) signaling. The DRX configuration information may include a DRX cycle, a DRX offset, and configuration information for a DRX timer. The UE repeats the on-duration and the sleep duration according to the DRX cycle. The UE may operate in awake mode during the on-duration and may operate in sleep mode during the sleep duration. In awake mode, the UE may monitor a paging occasion (PO) to receive a paging message. PO means the time resource / duration (e.g., subframe, time slot) at which the UE expects to receive a paging message. PO monitoring includes monitoring the PDCCH (hereinafter referred to as paging PDCCH) (or MPDCCH, NPDCCH) scrambled from the PO to the P-RNTI. The paging message may be included in the paging PDCCH or in the PDSCH scheduled by the paging PDCCH. One or more POs are included in a paging frame (PF), and the PF may be periodically configured based on the UE ID. Here, PF corresponds to one radio frame, and the UE ID can be determined based on the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) of the UE. When DRX is configured, the UE monitors only one PO per DRX cycle. When the UE receives a paging message indicating a change in its ID and / or system information in the PO, the UE can perform a RACH procedure to initialize (or reset) the connection with the base station, or can receive (or obtain) new system information from the base station. Therefore, when performing the procedures and / or methods described / proposed above, RACH is performed for the purpose of connection with the base station, or for the purpose of receiving (or obtaining) new system information from the base station, PO monitoring can be performed discontinuously in the time domain.

[0860] The above-mentioned initial access process and / or DRX operation can be combined with the contents of the above-mentioned parts 1 to 2 to constitute various other implementation methods, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can clearly understand this.

[0861] Figure 26 is a diagram briefly illustrating an operation method of a UE and a base station according to various embodiments.

[0862] Figure 27 is a flowchart illustrating an operation method of a UE according to various embodiments.

[0863] Figure 28 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a base station according to various embodiments.

[0864] Reference Figures 26 to 28 In operations 2601 and 2801 according to various embodiments, the base station may acquire / generate / configure information related to time slot offset. For example, the information related to time slot offset may be information related to carrier aggregation.

[0865] In operations 2603 , 2703 , and 2803 according to various embodiments, the base station may transmit information related to a slot offset, and the UE may receive the information.

[0866] In operations 2605 and 2705 according to various embodiments, the UE may determine a time slot offset. For example, the UE may determine a time slot offset between the first cell and the second cell based on information related to the time slot offset.

[0867] In operations 2607, 2707, and 2807 according to various embodiments, communication may be performed between the UE and the base station. For example, communication may be performed based on carrier aggregation associated with a time slot offset. For example, communication may include one or more of transmission / reception of a PDSCH and / or transmission / reception of a PUSCH.

[0868] According to various embodiments, information related to the time slot offset may be information based on a reference SCS. For example, the reference SCS may be used for the time slot offset. For example, the reference SCS may be determined based on satisfying a preconfigured condition and / or based on a preconfigured condition. For example, the preconfigured condition may be a preconfigured condition for defining / configuring / obtaining the reference SCS.

[0869] According to various embodiments, based on the configured DRX, a PDCCH for one or more of the PDSCH and / or PUSCH may be sent / received during an on-period associated with DRX. For example, when a base station configures DRX for a UE, a PDCCH for one or more of the PDSCH and / or PUSCH may be sent during an on-period associated with DRX. For example, when DRX is configured, a UE may monitor a PDCCH for one or more of the PDSCH and / or PUSCH during an on-period associated with DRX.

[0870] For example, the time slot offset may be a time slot offset between a first cell and a second cell whose frame boundaries are not aligned. For example, the frame boundary of the first cell and the frame boundary of the second cell may not be aligned in the time domain. For example, even if the frame boundary of the first cell and the frame boundary of the second cell are not aligned, the time slot boundary of the first cell and the time slot boundary of the second cell may be aligned.

[0871] More specific operations of the UE and / or base station according to the above various embodiments can be described and performed based on the contents of the above sections 1 to 2.

[0872] Since the examples of the above-mentioned proposed methods can also be included as one of the various embodiments, it is clear that they can be regarded as a proposed method. In addition, the above-mentioned proposed methods can be implemented independently or in the form of a combination (or merger) of some of the proposed methods. Rules can be defined so that the base station notifies the UE of information on whether to apply the proposed method (or information on the rules of the proposed method) through a predefined signal (e.g., a physical layer signal or a higher layer signal).

[0873] 3. Device Configuration Examples for Implementing Various Embodiments

[0874] 3.1. Device Configuration Examples to Which Various Embodiments Are Applied

[0875] Figure 29 The diagrams illustrate devices that can implement various embodiments.

[0876] Figure 29 The apparatus shown in the figure may be a user equipment (UE) and / or a base station (e.g., an eNB or gNB) suitable for performing the above-mentioned mechanism, or any apparatus that performs the same operation.

[0877] Reference Figure 29 The device may include a digital signal processor (DSP) / microprocessor 210 and a radio frequency (RF) module (transceiver) 235. The DSP / microprocessor 210 is electrically coupled to the transceiver 235 to control the transceiver 235. The device includes a power management module 205, a battery 255, a display 215, a keypad 220, a SIM card 225, a memory device 230, an antenna 240, a speaker 245, and an input device 250.

[0878] Specifically, Figure 29 The UE may be shown to include a receiver 235 configured to receive a request message from the network and a transmitter 235 configured to send timing transmission / reception timing information to the network. Such a receiver and transmitter may constitute a transceiver 235. The UE may also include a processor 210 connected to the transceiver 235.

[0879] in addition, Figure 29 A network device including a transmitter 235 configured to send a request message to a UE and a receiver 235 configured to receive transmit / receive timing information from the UE may also be shown. The transmitter and the receiver may constitute a transceiver 235. The network also includes a processor 210 coupled to the transmitter and the receiver. The processor 210 may calculate a delay based on the transmit / receive timing information.

[0880] Therefore, the processor included in the UE (or the communication device included in the UE) and the processor included in the base station (or the communication device included in the base station) according to various embodiments may control the memory and may operate as follows.

[0881] According to various embodiments, one or more processors included in the UE may determine the time slot offset between the first cell and the second cell based on information related to the time slot offset. For example, the time slot offset may be a time slot offset between the first cell and the second cell that is not aligned with a frame boundary.

[0882] According to various embodiments, one or more processors included in the UE may perform communication. For example, communication may be performed based on carrier aggregation associated with a time slot offset. For example, communication may include receiving one or more of a PDSCH and / or transmitting a PUSCH.

[0883] According to various embodiments, information related to the time slot offset may be information based on a reference SCS. For example, the reference SCS may be used for the time slot offset. For example, the reference SCS may be determined based on satisfying a preconfigured condition and / or based on a preconfigured condition. For example, the preconfigured condition may be a preconfigured condition for defining / configuring / obtaining the reference SCS.

[0884] According to various embodiments, based on the DRX configuration, the PDCCH for one or more of the PDSCH and / or the PUSCH may be monitored during DRX-related on-periods.

[0885] For example, the time slot offset may be a time slot offset between the first cell and the second cell whose frame boundaries are not aligned. For example, the frame boundary of the first cell and the frame boundary of the second cell may not be aligned in the time domain. For example, even if the frame boundary of the first cell and the frame boundary of the second cell are not aligned in the time domain, the time slot boundary of the first cell and the time slot boundary of the second cell may be aligned.

[0886] According to various embodiments, one or more processors included in a base station (or one or more processors included in a communication device in a base station) may obtain / generate / set information related to a time slot offset between a first cell and a second cell. For example, information related to the time slot offset may be used for carrier aggregation.

[0887] According to various embodiments, one or more processors included in a base station may transmit information related to a time slot offset.

[0888] According to various embodiments, one or more processors included in a base station may perform communication. For example, communication may be performed based on carrier aggregation associated with a time slot offset. For example, communication may include one or more of transmitting a PDSCH and / or receiving a PUSCH.

[0889] According to various embodiments, information related to the time slot offset may be information based on a reference SCS. For example, the reference SCS may be used for the time slot offset. For example, the reference SCS may be determined based on satisfying a preconfigured condition and / or based on a preconfigured condition. For example, the preconfigured condition may be a preconfigured condition for defining / configuring / obtaining the reference SCS.

[0890] According to various embodiments, based on DRX being configured, a PDCCH for one or more of a PDSCH and / or a PUSCH may be transmitted in an on period related to DRX.

[0891] For example, the time slot offset may be a time slot offset between the first cell and the second cell whose frame boundaries are not aligned. For example, the frame boundary of the first cell and the frame boundary of the second cell may not be aligned in the time domain. For example, even if the frame boundary of the first cell and the frame boundary of the second cell are not aligned, the time slot boundary of the first cell and the time slot boundary of the second cell may be aligned.

[0892] More specific operations of the processor included in the base station and / or UE according to the above various embodiments may be described and performed based on the contents of the above first to second parts.

[0893] In addition, the various embodiments may be implemented in conjunction with each other / combined as long as they are not mutually incompatible. For example, unless the embodiments are incompatible, the base station and / or UE (or the processor in the base station and / or UE) according to the various embodiments may perform the combined / combined operations thereof.

[0894] 3.2. Examples of Communication Systems to Which Various Embodiments Are Applied

[0895] The various embodiments have been described with a focus on the data transmission / reception relationship between a base station and a UE in a wireless communication system. However, the various embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, the various embodiments may also involve the following technical configurations.

[0896] Although not limited thereto, the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts according to various embodiments may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0897] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings / descriptions, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks or functional blocks.

[0898] Figure 29 The communication system applied to various embodiments is illustrated.

[0899] Reference Figure 29 , the communication system 1 applied to various embodiments includes a wireless device, a base station and a network. Here, the wireless device means a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and can be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited to this, the wireless device includes a robot 100a, a vehicle 100b-1, 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d and a home appliance 100e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100f and an AI device / server 400. For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, a vehicle capable of inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device includes an AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) device and can be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD) or a head-up display (HUD) set in a vehicle, a TV, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smart tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., laptop computers), etc. Home appliances may include televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. IoT devices may include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device 200a may operate as a base station / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0900] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can be connected to a network 300 via a base station 200. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can be connected to an AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via the base station 200 / network 300, but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). Additionally, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0901] Wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c may be performed between wireless devices 100a to 100f and base station 200, and between base station 200 and base station 200. Wireless communications / connections may be performed using various radio access technologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Wireless devices and base stations, wireless devices and base stations, and base stations and base stations may transmit and receive radio signals via wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c. For example, wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c may transmit and receive signals via various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals in various embodiments, at least a portion of various configuration information configuration procedures, various signal processing procedures (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation procedures, and the like may be performed.

[0902] 3.2.1 Examples of Wireless Devices to Which Various Embodiments Are Applied

[0903] Figure 31 A wireless device to which various embodiments are applied is exemplified.

[0904] Reference Figure 31 , the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit / receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device 100, the second wireless device 200} can be connected to Figure 30 The wireless device 100x and the base station 200 correspond to each other.

[0905] The first wireless device 100 includes one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may also include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor 102 controls the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 102 may process information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. In addition, the processor 102 may receive a wireless signal including second information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signals in the memory 104. The memory 104 may be connected to the processor 102 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, the memory 104 may store software code including instructions for executing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 102 or for executing the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver 106 may be coupled to the processor 102 and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 108. The transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In various embodiments, the wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0906] The second wireless device 200 includes one or more processors 202, one or more memories 204, and may also include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor 202 controls the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202 may process information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. In addition, the processor 202 may receive a radio signal including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 206, and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory 204. The memory 204 may be connected to the processor 202 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, the memory 204 may store software code including instructions for executing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202 or for executing the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver 206 may be coupled to the processor 202 and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 208. The transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In various embodiments, the wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0907] In the following, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 102, 202. For example, one or more processors 102, 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors 102, 202 may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. One or more processors 102, 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. The one or more processors 102 and 202 generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed herein and provide them to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102, 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106, 206 and may obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed herein.

[0908] One or more processors 102, 202 may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors 102, 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102, 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, processes, functions, etc. The firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein may be included in one or more processors 102, 202, or may be stored in one or more memories 104, 204 and driven by one or more processors 102, 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operational flow charts disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions and / or instruction sets.

[0909] One or more memories 104, 204 can be coupled to one or more processors 102, 202 and can store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104, 204 can include ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, a hard drive, registers, cache memory, a computer-readable storage medium, and / or a combination thereof. One or more memories 104, 204 can be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors 102, 202. In addition, one or more memories 104, 204 can be coupled to one or more processors 102, 202 via various technologies, such as a wired connection or a wireless connection.

[0910] One or more transceivers 106, 206 can transmit user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as described in the methods and / or operational flowcharts herein, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106, 206 can receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as described, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106, 206 can be coupled to one or more processors 102, 202 and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. In addition, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. In addition, one or more transceivers 106, 206 can be connected to one or more antennas 108, 208 and can be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the description, function, process, proposal, method and / or operation flow chart through one or more antennas 108, 208. In this document, one or more antennas can be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106, 206 convert received radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals to process the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors 102, 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 102 and 202 from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers 106, 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0911] According to various embodiments, one or more memories (e.g., 104 or 204) may store instructions or programs, and when the instructions or programs are executed, may cause one or more processors operatively connected to the one or more memories to perform operations according to various embodiments or implementations.

[0912] According to various embodiments, a computer-readable (storage) medium may store one or more instructions or computer programs, and the one or more instructions or computer programs, when executed by one or more processors, may cause the one or more processors to perform operations according to various embodiments or implementations.

[0913] According to various embodiments, a processing device or apparatus may include one or more processors and one or more computer memories connectable to the one or more processors. The one or more computer memories may store instructions or programs, and when executed, the instructions or programs may cause the one or more processors operatively coupled to the one or more memories to perform operations according to various embodiments or implementations.

[0914] 3.2.2. Examples of Use of Wireless Devices to Which Various Embodiments Are Applied

[0915] Figure 32 Another example of a wireless device applicable to various embodiments is shown. The wireless device can be used according to the use case / service (see Figure 30 ) are implemented in various forms.

[0916] Reference Figure 32 , wireless devices 100 and 200 can communicate with Figure 31 The wireless devices 100 and 200 correspond to each other and may be composed of various elements, components, units and / or modules. For example, the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130 and an additional element 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include Figure 31 The one or more processors 102, 202 and / or the one or more memories 104, 204 of the present invention may include: Figure 31The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional element 140, and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 can control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit 130. In addition, the control unit 120 can transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to the outside (e.g., another communication device) through the communication unit 110 via a wireless / wired interface, or can store information received from the outside (e.g., another communication device) through the communication unit 110 via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit 130.

[0917] The additional element 140 may be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element 140 may include at least one of a power supply unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a drive unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be a robot ( Figure 30 and 100a), vehicles ( Figure 30 , 100b-1, 100b-2), XR device ( Figure 30 , 100c), portable device ( Figure 30 , 100d), household appliances ( Figure 30 , 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 30 , 100f), digital broadcast terminal, holographic device, public safety device, MTC device, medical device, fintech device (or financial device), security device, climate / environmental device, AI server / device ( Figure 30 , 400), base station ( Figure 30 , 200) and network nodes. Depending on the use case / service, the wireless device may be mobile or used in a fixed location.

[0918] exist Figure 32In the wireless devices 100 and 200, the various elements, components, units, and / or modules can all be interconnected via wired interfaces, or at least some of them can be wirelessly connected via the communication unit 110. For example, in the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 are connected via wiring, and the control unit 120 and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) can be wirelessly connected to the communication unit 110 via the communication unit 110. In addition, each element, component, unit, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 can also include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 can be configured with one or more processor groups. For example, the control unit 120 can be configured as a group of communication control processors, application processors, electronic control units (ECUs), graphics processing processors, memory control processors, etc. As another example, the memory unit 130 can include random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, volatile memory, and non-volatile memory), and / or a combination thereof.

[0919] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 32 implementation method.

[0920] 3.2.3. Examples of Portable Devices to Which Various Embodiments Are Applied

[0921] Figure 33 Portable devices applicable to various embodiments are illustrated. Portable devices may include smartphones, smart tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches, smart glasses), and portable computers (e.g., laptop computers). Portable devices may be referred to as mobile stations (MS), user terminals (UTs), mobile subscriber stations (MSSs), subscriber stations (SSs), advanced mobile stations (AMSs), or wireless terminals (WTs).

[0922] Reference Figure 33 , the portable device 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an input / output unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 110. The blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c are respectively Figure 32 Corresponding to blocks 110 to 130 / 140.

[0923] The communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit 120 can control the components of the portable device 100 to perform various operations. The control unit 120 may include an application processor (AP). The memory unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to drive the portable device 100. In addition, the memory unit 130 can store input / output data / information. The power supply unit 140a supplies power to the portable device 100 and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, a battery, etc. The interface unit 140b can support connection between the portable device 100 and another external device. The interface unit 140b may include various ports for connecting to external devices (e.g., audio input / output ports and video input / output ports). The input / output unit 140c can receive or output image information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from the user. The input / output unit 140c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 140d, a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0924] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit 140c can obtain information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit 130. The communication unit 110 can convert the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or base station. In addition, after receiving a radio signal from another wireless device or base station, the communication unit 110 can restore the received radio signal to the original information / signal. After the restored information / signal is stored in the memory unit 130, it can be output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, tactile) through the input / output unit 140c.

[0925] 3.2.4. Examples of Vehicles or Autonomous Vehicles Using Various Embodiments

[0926] Figure 34 The invention provides an example of a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle to which various embodiments are applied. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle can be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, an aircraft (AV), a ship, etc.

[0927] Reference Figure 34 , the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b and a sensor unit 140c and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 110. The blocks 110 / 130 / 140a-140d are respectively Figure 32Corresponding to blocks 110 / 130 / 140.

[0928] The communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, roadside base stations, etc.), servers, etc. The control unit 120 can control the elements of the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 to perform various operations. The control unit 120 may include an electronic control unit (ECU). The drive unit 140a can enable the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 to travel on the ground. The drive unit 140a may include an engine, a motor, a powertrain, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit 140b supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 and may include a wired charging circuit / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140 c may include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a tilt sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a location module, a vehicle forward / backward movement sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illumination sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140 d may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically adjusting a speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), a technology for autonomous driving along a predetermined route, and a technology for automatically setting a route when a destination is set.

[0929] For example, the communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, and the like from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d can generate an autonomous driving route and driving method based on the acquired data. The control unit 120 can control the drive unit 140a to move the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 along the autonomous driving route (e.g., adjust speed / direction) based on the driving method. During autonomous driving, the communication unit 110 can periodically or aperiodically obtain the latest traffic information data from the external server and can also obtain surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140c can obtain vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving route and driving method based on the newly acquired data / information. The communication unit 110 can transmit information about the vehicle's location, autonomous driving route, driving method, and the like to the external server. The external server can use AI technology, etc., based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle, to predict traffic information data in advance and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle.

[0930] In summary, various embodiments may be implemented through specific devices and / or UEs.

[0931] For example, the specific device can be a base station, a network node, a transmitting terminal, a receiving terminal, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with autonomous driving capabilities, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), an AI (artificial intelligence) module, a robot, an AR (augmented reality) device, a VR (virtual reality) device, or other devices.

[0932] For example, the UE may be a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular phone, a personal communications service (PCS) phone, a global system for mobile (GSM) phone, a WCDMA (Wideband CDMA) phone, a mobile broadband system (MBS) phone, a smart phone, or a multi-mode multi-band (MM-MB) terminal.

[0933] Here, a smartphone is a terminal that combines the advantages of a mobile communication terminal and a personal portable terminal, and can refer to a terminal in which data communication functions, such as schedule management, fax transmission and reception, and Internet access, which are functions of a personal portable terminal, are integrated into a mobile communication terminal. In addition, a multi-mode multi-frequency terminal refers to a terminal that can operate in both a portable Internet system and other mobile communication systems (for example, CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) 2000 system, WCDMA (Wideband CDMA) system, etc.) by embedding a multi-modem chip.

[0934] In addition, the UE may be a notebook PC, a handheld PC, a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a tablet PC, a digital broadcast terminal, a PMP (portable multimedia player), a navigation device, a wearable device (e.g., a watch-type terminal (smart watch), a glasses-type terminal (smart glasses), or a head-mounted display (HMD)). For example, a drone may be an unmanned aircraft that flies using wireless control signals. For example, an HMD may be a display device worn on the head. For example, an HMD may be used to implement VR or AR.

[0935] The wireless communication technologies implementing various embodiments may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat. NB1 and / or LTE Cat. NB2, but is not limited to the aforementioned names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device according to various embodiments may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology is 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat. M1, 3) LTE Cat. M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-bandwidth limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) may be implemented according to at least one of various standards such as LTE M, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Additionally or alternatively, considering low-power communication, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device according to various embodiments may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and a low-power wide area network (LPWAN), but is not limited to the above names. For example, ZigBee technology can generate a PAN (Personal Area Network) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0936] Various embodiments may be implemented through various means. For example, various embodiments may be implemented through hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.

[0937] With respect to implementation through hardware, the methods according to various embodiments may be implemented through one or more ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits), DSPs (digital signal processing devices), DSPDs (digital signal processing devices), PLDs (programmable logic devices), FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and the like.

[0938] When implemented in firmware or software, the methods according to various embodiments may be implemented in the form of modules, procedures, or functions that perform the aforementioned functions or operations. For example, the software code may be stored in a memory and driven by a processor. The memory may be located inside or outside the processor and may exchange data with the processor through various known means.

[0939] Various embodiments may be implemented in other specific forms without departing from their technical ideas and basic features. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be interpreted as being restrictive in all aspects, but rather as illustrative. The scope of the various embodiments should be based on the reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the scope of equivalence of the various embodiments are included within the scope of the various embodiments. In addition, claims not explicitly cited in the claims may be combined to form an embodiment or included as new claims through amendment after filing.

[0940] Industrial Applicability

[0941] Various embodiments can be applied to various wireless access systems. Examples of various radio access systems include the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) or 3GPP2 systems. Various embodiments can be applied not only to various radio access systems but also to all technical fields in which various radio access systems are used. Furthermore, the proposed method can be applied to millimeter wave communication systems using very high frequency bands.

Claims

1. A method comprising the following steps: receiving, by a user equipment UE, from a base station, radio resource control (RRC) signaling including information related to a time slot offset between a first cell and a second cell in a non-aligned frame boundary; determining, by the UE, a time offset between the first cell and the second cell based on the information related to the time slot offset; as well as communicating, by the UE, with a base station in the first cell and the second cell associated with the misaligned frame boundary, The granularity of the time offset is based on a reference subcarrier spacing SCS for the time offset, wherein the start of slot 0 for the first cell coincides with the start of slot N for the second cell, and N is an integer based on the slot offset and the reference SCS, The reference SCS is the maximum value of the minimum SCS among the at least one SCS configured for the first cell and the minimum SCS among the at least one SCS configured for the second cell. wherein, based on the step of communicating with a base station in the first cell and the second cell, the UE receives a physical downlink shared channel PDSCH from the base station, and Wherein, based on discontinuous reception DRX being configured, the UE monitors a physical downlink control channel PDCCH for the PDSCH within an on-duration associated with the DRX.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The RRC signaling includes information for configuring the second cell.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The information related to the time slot offset comprises information about an integer value related to the time slot offset, and The integer value associated with the time slot offset is selected from the preconfigured {-A,...,A}, and A is an integer associated with the reference SCS.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: Based on the increase of the reference SCS, A increases, and based on the decrease of the reference SCS, A decreases.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein Based on (i) determining that the second cell is shifted in a first direction in the time domain relative to the first cell, and (ii) at least one of an SCS used in the first cell and an SCS used in the second cell exceeds 30 kHz: Based on the time offset, time slot 0 of the second cell is identified as shifted based on a shift of M*L in the first direction in the time domain after being shifted in the first direction in the time domain by a time length corresponding to 16 kappa+L compared to before applying the time offset, and Based on (i) determining that the second cell is shifted in a second direction in the time domain relative to the first cell, and (ii) at least one of the SCS used in the first cell and the SCS used in the second cell exceeds 30 kHz: Based on the time offset, the time slot 0 of the second cell is identified as being shifted by a time length corresponding to 16 kappa + L in the second direction in the time domain after being shifted by M*L in the time domain compared to before applying the time offset, and The kappa is 64, the M is an integer greater than or equal to 0 determined based on the time offset, and the L is related to the slot length of each of at least one slot other than the slot 0 within a 0.5 ms duration of the first cell or the second cell.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein The first cell is a primary cell PCell or a primary secondary cell PSCell, and The second cell is a secondary cell (SCell).

7. A device comprising: Memory; as well as at least one processor connected to the memory; Wherein, the at least one processor is configured to: receiving radio resource control (RRC) signaling from a base station including information related to a time slot offset between a first cell and a second cell in a misaligned frame boundary; determining a time offset between the first cell and the second cell based on the information related to the time slot offset; and communicating with a base station in the first cell and the second cell associated with the misaligned frame boundary, The granularity of the time offset is based on a reference subcarrier spacing SCS for the time offset, wherein the start of slot 0 for the first cell coincides with the start of slot N for the second cell, and N is an integer based on the slot offset and the reference SCS, The reference SCS is the maximum value of the minimum SCS among the at least one SCS configured for the first cell and the minimum SCS among the at least one SCS configured for the second cell. wherein, based on the step of communicating with a base station in the first cell and the second cell, the UE receives a physical downlink shared channel PDSCH from the base station, and Wherein, based on discontinuous reception DRX being configured, the UE monitors a physical downlink control channel PDCCH for the PDSCH within an on-duration associated with the DRX.

8. A method comprising the steps of: obtaining, by a base station, information related to a time slot offset between a first cell and a second cell in a non-aligned frame boundary; Sending, by the base station, radio resource control (RRC) signaling including the information related to the time slot offset to a user equipment (UE); as well as communicating, by the base station, with the UE in the first cell and the second cell associated with the misaligned frame boundary, The granularity of the time offset is based on the reference subcarrier spacing SCS for the time offset, The time offset is determined by the UE based on information related to the time slot offset, wherein the start of slot 0 for the first cell coincides with the start of slot N for the second cell, and N is an integer based on the slot offset and the reference SCS, The reference SCS is the maximum value of the minimum SCS among the at least one SCS configured for the first cell and the minimum SCS among the at least one SCS configured for the second cell. wherein, based on the steps of communicating with the UE in the first cell and the second cell, the UE receives a physical downlink shared channel PDSCH from the base station, and the base station sends a physical downlink shared channel PDSCH to the UE, and Wherein, based on configuration of discontinuous reception DRX, the base station sends a physical downlink control channel PDCCH for the PDSCH to the UE within an on-duration associated with the DRX.

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