Cutting test bench

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cutting test bench, comprising a frame, a linear reciprocating mechanism, a guide seat, a guide rod, a cutting rock sample seat, a cutting head, a confining pressure device, and a force sensor. The front and rear ends of the guide rod are mounted on the frame, the guide seat is sleeved on the guide rod and connected to the guide rod for forward and backward sliding, the cutting rock sample seat and the linear reciprocating mechanism are both mounted on the frame and located in front and rear of the guide seat, respectively. The cutting head is connected to the front side of the guide seat via a force sensor, and the movable end of the linear reciprocating mechanism is connected to the rear side of the guide seat. The confining pressure device comprises a longitudinal confining pressure oil cylinder arranged at the rear side of the cutting rock sample seat, and also comprises a lateral confining pressure oil cylinder arranged at the left and / or right side of the cutting rock sample seat. The outer extension ends of the cylinder rods of the longitudinal confining pressure oil cylinder and the lateral confining pressure oil cylinder both point to the cutting rock sample seat, and correspondingly, loading holes are provided on the left and / or right walls of the cutting rock sample seat. The present invention has a simple structure and the test conditions are closer to actual working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a cutting test bench which has a simple structure and is closer to real working conditions. Background Art

[0002] There are currently two main types of test benches used to study rock cutting performance at home and abroad. The first is a rotary crushing test bench with a drum structure equipped with radially mounted picks. This test bench can obtain the cutting force variation range by detecting the cutting force of a single pick, or judge the comprehensive cutting capacity by detecting the total torque of all picks. The second method is a cutting method that uses a single pick to push linearly, and the cutting force variation range is obtained by detecting the cutting force of a single pick. The first method is close to the working conditions of the existing coal mining machine spiral drum cutting materials, and the test data is more practical. However, since different drums have different cutting line distances and different cutting parameters (such as cutting line speed, traction feed speed, etc.), this method requires drums with multiple parameters and different motion parameters for testing. The test bench structure is relatively complex, large in size, has high development costs, occupies a large area, has large material volume loss, and has high testing costs. The second method has a relatively simple structure, but there is still a large gap between it and the actual working conditions of real cutting. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a cutting test bench with a simple structure and test conditions closer to actual working conditions.

[0004] The main technical solutions of the present invention are:

[0005] A cutting test bench comprises a frame, a linear reciprocating mechanism, a guide seat, a guide rod, a cutting rock sample seat, a cutting head, a confining pressure device and a force sensor, wherein the front and rear ends of the guide rod are mounted on the frame, the guide seat is sleeved on the guide rod and is connected to the guide rod for front and rear sliding, the cutting rock sample seat and the linear reciprocating mechanism are both mounted on the frame and are respectively located in front of and behind the guide seat, the cutting head is connected to the front side of the guide seat via the force sensor, the movable end of the linear reciprocating mechanism is connected to the rear side of the guide seat, the confining pressure device comprises an L-shaped transition plate, a layout The longitudinal confining pressure cylinder on the rear side of the cutting rock sample seat and the lateral confining pressure cylinders arranged on the left and / or right side of the cutting rock sample seat, the extended ends of the cylinder rods of the longitudinal confining pressure cylinder and the lateral confining pressure cylinders both point to the cutting rock sample seat, and loading holes are correspondingly provided on the left and / or right walls of the cutting rock sample seat, the vertical plate portion of the transition plate is connected to the cylinder rod of the longitudinal confining pressure cylinder, the horizontal plate portion of the transition plate is horizontally cantilevered forward, the narrow strip end surface of the horizontal plate portion is a loading plate surface for longitudinally loading the rear end surface of the cutting rock sample, and is close to the top of the cutting rock sample seat in the height direction.

[0006] The linear reciprocating mechanism adopts a main oil cylinder, the cylinder barrel of the main oil cylinder is installed on the frame, and the extended end of the cylinder rod of the main oil cylinder is connected to the rear end of the guide seat through the oil cylinder connecting seat.

[0007] A pump station, a self-cooling oil tank and multiple control valves are also installed on the frame. The pump station sends the oil in the self-cooling oil tank into the control valve. The two chambers of the main oil cylinder, the longitudinal confining pressure oil cylinder and the lateral confining pressure oil cylinder are respectively connected to a pair of working oil circuits of a control valve, and the return oil circuit of the control valve is connected to the self-cooling oil tank.

[0008] There may be a plurality of guide rods parallel to each other.

[0009] The guide rods preferably have four guide rods located in the upper, lower, left and right directions, and their positions are symmetrical in both vertical and horizontal directions relative to the axis of the main oil cylinder.

[0010] The cylinder barrels of the lateral confining pressure oil cylinders are respectively installed on the frame through vertically arranged pins, and the cylinder barrels of the longitudinal confining pressure oil cylinders are installed on the frame through left and right horizontally arranged pins.

[0011] The cutting test bench preferably further comprises a stroke sensor, wherein a stationary component of the stroke sensor is mounted on the frame, and a moving component of the stroke sensor is mounted on the guide seat.

[0012] The cutting test bench may further include a lateral pad, which is arranged in the cutting rock sample seat adjacent to the left side wall and / or the right side wall.

[0013] When the lateral shim is provided only adjacent to the left side wall or the right side wall, the lateral shim is provided in one or more pieces.

[0014] The cutting test bench may further include a height pad and / or a height adjustment screw, wherein the height adjustment screw is threadedly connected to the bottom plate of the cutting rock sample seat, and the height pad may be one or more and laid flat on the bottom plate of the cutting rock sample seat or on the height adjustment screw.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] Since a confining pressure device is set around the cut rock sample seat, multiple sides of the cut rock sample are loaded, which realizes the simulation of the internal stress of the cut rock sample and makes the environmental conditions of the cutting test closer to the actual cutting working conditions.

[0017] Furthermore, because the longitudinal confining pressure cylinders must apply a relatively large load, the use of a transition plate for longitudinal loading can disperse and balance the load in this direction, preventing rock crushing due to eccentric loading or excessively concentrated loads. Furthermore, the transition plate employs an L-shaped structure, with one narrow strip of the L-shaped transition plate extending horizontally forward as the longitudinal loading plate surface, positioned near the top of the cut rock sample holder. This places the longitudinal confining pressure load as close as possible to the cutting and crushing point on the top surface of the cut rock sample, making the longitudinal confining pressure simulation more realistic and significantly improving the results of the cutting test.

[0018] By setting or not setting lateral pads, setting lateral pads of different thicknesses or setting different numbers of lateral pads, the left and right positions of the cut rock sample relative to the cutting head can be easily changed. Even if there is only one pick, different positions on the top surface of the cut rock sample can be crushed by the pick, thereby increasing the number of cutting knives or the utilization rate of the same surface, that is, achieving cutting on different cutting lines.

[0019] By setting or not setting a height pad, setting height pads of different thicknesses, or setting different numbers of height pads, the height of the cut rock sample can be easily changed, so that the force sensor remains in a fixed position to achieve different cutting depths at the top of the rock sample.

[0020] Through combined tests of parameters such as cutting rock samples with different hardness, different cutting depths, and different cutting distances, different cutting forces can be obtained, as well as cutting energy consumption under different parameters when cutting rock samples with different hardness. This provides a basis for the design of the cutting mechanism of the mining machine, determines the optimized performance parameters of the cutting mechanism of the mining machine, and determines the capacity range that the cutting mechanism needs to be designed within. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA cross-sectional view;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a partial enlarged view of the cutting head;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the cut rock sample seat in the top direction;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the main viewing direction of the cut rock sample seat.

[0026] Description of the drawings: 1. Frame; 110. Cutting rock sample seat; 12. Main oil cylinder installation cavity; 2. Linear reciprocating motion mechanism; 21. Main oil cylinder; 22. Oil cylinder connecting seat; 23. Guide seat; 24. Guide rod; 25. Force sensor; 26. Cutting head; 261. Cutting tooth; 262. Cutting tooth seat; 27. Stroke sensor; 4. Confining pressure device; 41. Longitudinal confining pressure cylinder; 42. Lateral confining pressure cylinder; 43. Pin; 44. Transition plate; 5. Main power system; 51. Pump station; 52. Self-cooling oil tank; 53. Control valve; 91. Crushed material collection box; 01. Cutting rock sample; 011. Lateral pad; 012. Height pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] like Figure 1-5 As shown, the present invention discloses a cutting test bench, comprising a frame 1, a linear reciprocating mechanism 2, a guide seat 23, a guide rod 24, a cutting rock sample seat 110, a cutting head 26, a confining pressure device 4 and a force sensor 25. The frame is the basic structure for installing other components on the cutting test bench. The front and rear ends of the guide rod are mounted on the frame, and the guide seat is sleeved on the guide rod and connected to the guide rod for forward and backward sliding. The cutting rock sample seat and the linear reciprocating mechanism are both mounted on the frame and are respectively located in front of and behind the guide seat. The cutting head is connected to the front side of the guide seat via the force sensor, and the movable end of the linear reciprocating mechanism is connected to the rear side of the guide seat. When the movable end of the linear reciprocating mechanism moves forward and backward, it will drive the guide seat to slide forward and backward, and accordingly, the cutting head will also move horizontally forward and backward in the same direction.

[0028] The cutting rock sample seat is used to place the cutting rock sample 01. Driven by the linear reciprocating motion mechanism, the cutting head will perform a forward and backward linear propulsion cutting test on the top surface of the cutting rock sample 01.

[0029] The force sensor is preferably a three-axis force sensor. When performing a cutting test, the force sensor can detect the range of changes in the cutting force in three spatial directions applied to the cutting tooth 261 during the cutting process.

[0030] The confining pressure device includes an L-shaped transition plate 44, a longitudinal confining pressure cylinder 41 arranged on the rear side of the cutting rock sample seat, and a lateral confining pressure cylinder 42 arranged on the left and / or right side of the cutting rock sample seat. The extended ends of the cylinder rods of the longitudinal confining pressure cylinder and the lateral confining pressure cylinder both point to the cutting rock sample seat, and correspondingly, loading holes are provided on the left and / or right walls of the cutting rock sample seat so that the cylinder rod of the lateral confining pressure cylinder can enter the cutting rock sample seat to load the left and / or right walls of the cutting rock sample 01. The vertical plate portion of the transition plate is connected to the cylinder rod of the longitudinal confining pressure cylinder, and the horizontal plate portion of the transition plate is horizontally cantilevered forward. The narrow strip end surface of the horizontal plate portion is a loading plate surface for longitudinally loading the rear end surface of the cutting rock sample, and is close to the top of the cutting rock sample seat in the height direction. Since there is stress inside the cut rock mass, the local release of internal stress when cutting the rock mass will affect the cutting. The confining pressure device can simulate the internal stress in multiple different directions, making the environmental conditions of the cutting test closer to the actual working conditions.

[0031] When lateral confining pressure cylinders are provided on both the left and right sides of the cutting rock sample seat, the cutting abrasion test bench can be placed at a corner with the left side or the right side facing outward, and lateral loading can be applied to the outward side accordingly.

[0032] The load applied by the longitudinal confining pressure cylinder simulates the internal stress acting downward from the top of the rock being cut during actual rock cutting. This internal stress is typically high, so the load applied by the longitudinal confining pressure cylinder is also high. Using a transition plate for longitudinal loading disperses and balances the load in this direction, preventing rock crushing due to eccentric loading or excessively concentrated loads.

[0033] The transition plate is L-shaped, with one narrow strip of surface at one end serving as a longitudinal loading plate, positioned horizontally and forward near the top of the cut rock sample holder. This places the longitudinal confining pressure load as close as possible to the cutting and crushing point on the top surface of the cut rock sample. This allows the longitudinal confining pressure simulation to more closely resemble actual conditions, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the cutting test. A wear-resistant layer of a certain thickness can be provided on the longitudinal loading plate.

[0034] The transition plate can be fitted over the extended end of the cylinder rod and secured by screwing a nut onto the end of the cylinder rod. A support guide plate can be installed on the frame, below the transition plate. A small gap is maintained between the top horizontal surface of the support guide plate and the bottom surface of the vertical plate portion. This support guide plate serves to position the transition plate, preventing it from deflecting significantly around the cylinder rod. It also prevents excessive rotation of the cylinder rod, thereby extending the service life of the seal between the cylinder barrel and cylinder rod of the longitudinal confining pressure cylinder.

[0035] In this embodiment, the left and right walls, front sidewalls, and bottom plate of the cutting rock sample holder form an integrated cutting rock sample holder body. The rear sidewall is a separate plate-like structure that is detachably fixedly connected to the cutting rock sample holder body. An L-shaped transition plate acts on the rear end surface of the cutting rock sample from above the rear sidewall.

[0036] The linear reciprocating mechanism preferably uses a master cylinder 21, the cylinder barrel of the master cylinder is installed in the master cylinder installation cavity 12 on the frame, and the extended end of the cylinder rod of the master cylinder is connected to the cylinder connecting seat 22. The cylinder connecting seat is further connected to the rear end of the guide seat.

[0037] The frame also houses a pump station 51, a self-cooling oil tank 52, and multiple control valves 53. The pump station includes a motor and a gear pump, while the control valves are used for switching. The pump station draws oil from the cooling oil tank and delivers pressurized oil to the control valves. The two chambers of the main cylinder, longitudinal confining pressure cylinder, and each lateral confining pressure cylinder are connected to a pair of working oil circuits of a control valve. The return oil circuit of the control valve is connected to the cooling oil tank. Control of the control valves directs pressurized oil into different chambers of each cylinder, thereby controlling the extension or retraction of the cylinder rods, thereby achieving forward and backward movement of the cutting head and simulating the confining pressure of the cut rock sample. The pump station, self-cooling oil tank, and control valves constitute the main power system 5, providing power to the cylinders. The pump station and self-cooling oil tank are located in the lower compartment of the frame, the control valves are located in the middle compartment, and the main cylinder mounting chamber is located in the upper compartment. By stacking the different components of the test bench in layers, the test bench significantly reduces space and achieves a more compact structure.

[0038] The guide rods are multiple and parallel to each other, and the guide seat is connected to each guide rod in a forward and backward sliding manner. The guide rods are preferably provided in four positions, one above the other and the other below, and are positioned symmetrically with respect to the axis of the main oil cylinder, so as to maintain a good force state when the guide seat moves.

[0039] The cylinder barrels of the lateral confining pressure cylinders are each mounted on the frame via a vertically arranged pin 43 , and the cylinder barrels of the longitudinal confining pressure cylinders are mounted on the frame via left and right horizontally arranged pins 43 .

[0040] The cutting test bench also preferably includes a travel sensor 27. The stationary component of the sensor is mounted on the frame, while the moving component is mounted on the guide base. The moving component follows the guide base and moves back and forth relative to the stationary component. The sensor generates a signal when the cutting is complete, thereby controlling the master cylinder rod to stop movement. In this embodiment, the stationary component of the sensor is a ring-shaped magnetic induction coil, while the moving component is a magnetic rod extending horizontally forward and backward.

[0041] A debris collection box 91 may also be provided on the frame and below the cut rock sample seat for collecting cut debris generated during the cutting test.

[0042] The cutting test bench preferably further comprises a lateral pad 011, which is arranged in the cutting rock sample seat adjacent to the left side wall and / or right side wall.

[0043] When the lateral shim is provided only adjacent to the left side wall or the right side wall, the lateral shim may be provided in one or more pieces.

[0044] When there are multiple lateral pads, their thicknesses may be the same or different.

[0045] By setting or not setting lateral pads, setting lateral pads of different thicknesses, or setting lateral pads of different numbers, the left and right positions of the cut rock sample 01 relative to the cutting head can be easily changed. Even if there is only one pick, different positions on the top surface of the cut rock sample can be crushed by the pick, thereby increasing the number of cutting knives or the utilization rate of the same surface, that is, achieving cutting on different cutting lines.

[0046] Furthermore, the cutting test bench may also include a height pad 012 and / or a height adjustment screw (not shown in the figure), the height adjustment screw being threadedly connected to the bottom plate of the cutting rock sample seat, the height pad being provided in one or more pieces, the height pad being laid flat on the bottom plate of the cutting rock sample seat or on the height adjustment screw, and the cut rock sample being placed on the height pad or the height adjustment screw. By setting or not setting a height pad, setting height pads of different thicknesses, or setting different numbers of height pads, the height of the cut rock sample can be conveniently changed, so that the force sensor remains in a fixed position to achieve different cutting depths at the top of the cut rock sample. Setting a height adjustment screw can also achieve the above-mentioned purpose of changing the cutting depth. In addition, setting a height adjustment screw alone or setting a height adjustment screw and a height adjustment pad at the same time can achieve stepless adjustment, so that cut rock samples of irregular thickness can be tested.

[0047] Through combined tests of parameters such as cutting rock samples with different hardness, different cutting depths, and different cutting line distances, different cutting forces can be obtained, as well as cutting energy consumption under different parameters when cutting rock samples with different hardness. This provides a basis for the design of the cutting mechanism of the mining machine, determines the optimized performance parameters of the cutting mechanism of the mining machine, and determines the capacity range that the cutting mechanism needs to be designed within.

[0048] The cutting head includes a pick seat 262 and a pick 261 . The pick is detachably fixedly connected to the pick seat, and can be fixed to the pick seat via a pick positioning pin.

[0049] The front and back referred to in this article refer to Figure 1 Left and right viewing angles.

Claims

1. A cutting test bench, characterized by: The invention comprises a frame, a linear reciprocating mechanism, a guide seat, a guide rod, a cutting rock sample seat, a cutting head, a confining pressure device and a force sensor, wherein the front and rear ends of the guide rod are mounted on the frame, the guide seat is sleeved on the guide rod and is connected to the guide rod for front and rear sliding, the cutting rock sample seat and the linear reciprocating mechanism are both mounted on the frame and are respectively located in front of and behind the guide seat, the cutting head is connected to the front side of the guide seat via the force sensor, the movable end of the linear reciprocating mechanism is connected to the rear side of the guide seat, the confining pressure device comprises an L-shaped transition plate, a cutting rock sample seat arranged on the cutting rock sample seat, a cutting rock sample seat and a cutting rock sample seat. The longitudinal confining pressure cylinder on the rear side of the sample seat and the lateral confining pressure cylinders arranged on the left and / or right side of the cutting rock sample seat, the extended ends of the cylinder rods of the longitudinal confining pressure cylinder and the lateral confining pressure cylinder both point to the cutting rock sample seat, and loading holes are provided on the left and / or right walls of the cutting rock sample seat accordingly. The vertical plate part of the transition plate is connected to the cylinder rod of the longitudinal confining pressure cylinder, and the horizontal plate part of the transition plate is cantilevered horizontally forward. The narrow strip end surface of the horizontal plate part is a loading plate surface for longitudinally loading the rear end surface of the cutting rock sample, and is close to the top of the cutting rock sample seat in the height direction.

2. The cutting test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The linear reciprocating mechanism adopts a main oil cylinder, the cylinder barrel of the main oil cylinder is installed on the frame, and the extended end of the cylinder rod of the main oil cylinder is connected to the rear end of the guide seat through the oil cylinder connecting seat.

3. The cutting test bench according to claim 2, characterized in that: A pump station, a self-cooling oil tank and multiple control valves are also installed on the frame. The pump station sends the oil in the self-cooling oil tank into the control valve. The two chambers of the main oil cylinder, the longitudinal confining pressure oil cylinder and the lateral confining pressure oil cylinder are respectively connected to a pair of working oil circuits of a control valve, and the return oil circuit of the control valve is connected to the self-cooling oil tank.

4. The cutting test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide rods include a plurality of guide rods parallel to each other.

5. The cutting test bench according to claim 4, characterized in that: There are four guide rods located in the upper, lower, left and right directions, and their positions are symmetrical in terms of the axis of the main oil cylinder.

6. The cutting test bench according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cylinder barrels of the lateral confining pressure oil cylinders are respectively installed on the frame through vertically arranged pins, and the cylinder barrels of the longitudinal confining pressure oil cylinders are installed on the frame through left and right horizontally arranged pins.

7. The cutting test bench according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that: The device further comprises a stroke sensor, wherein the stationary component of the stroke sensor is mounted on the frame, and the moving component of the stroke sensor is mounted on the guide seat.

8. The cutting test bench according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that: It also includes a lateral pad, which is arranged in the cut rock sample seat adjacent to the left side wall and / or the right side wall.

9. The cutting test bench according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the lateral shim is provided only adjacent to the left side wall or the right side wall, the lateral shim is provided in one or more pieces.

10. The cutting test bench according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes a height pad and / or a height adjustment screw, which is threadedly connected to the bottom plate of the rock sample seat. There are one or more height pads, which are laid flat on the bottom plate of the rock sample seat or on the height adjustment screw.

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