A test system based on power battery thermal runaway fire research

Abstract

The present invention relates to a test system based on the research of thermal runaway fire of power batteries, belonging to the field of battery technology. The test system includes: a battery box shell, which is used to provide a closed space for testing, and the battery box shell is provided with an injection hole; a heating plate, which is arranged on the outside of the power battery to be tested, and is used to heat the power battery to be tested; an igniter, which is used to trigger the fire of the power battery to be tested; a gas source, which is used to store and output inert gas, and the gas output port of the gas source is connected to the injection hole through a pipeline to ensure that the inert gas is injected into the battery box shell through the injection hole on the battery box shell; a gas sensor, which is arranged on the outside of the battery box shell, and is used to detect the inert gas overflowing from the battery box shell; a temperature sensor, which is used to detect whether the explosion-proof valve of the power battery to be tested is broken. The test system can realize the inhibitory effect of inert gas on thermal runaway fire of power batteries, and provide reliable data for the research of thermal runaway fire of power batteries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a test system based on research on thermal runaway fire of a power battery, belonging to the technical field of batteries. Background Art

[0002] With the gradual upgrading of green energy and environmental protection concepts, power lithium-ion battery products have experienced explosive growth. However, once lithium-ion batteries are in a state of abuse, they are very prone to thermal runaway, resulting in combustion and explosion, posing a danger to property and personnel safety.

[0003] In recent years, with the popularization and promotion of electric vehicles, electric vehicle fires have occurred frequently in the market. Therefore, how to prevent battery cell fires has become a very important issue. Regarding the fire problem of power battery systems, isolating air from power battery fires is an important research direction for battery cell fire suppression in the industry.

[0004] Therefore, it is crucial to quickly and safely build a test platform for power battery fire suppression and accurately evaluate whether inert gas has a suppressive effect on power battery fires, providing reliable data for power battery thermal runaway fire research. To this end, a technical solution based on power battery thermal runaway fire research is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a test system based on the research of thermal runaway fire of power batteries, and to provide an effective technical solution for realizing the research based on thermal runaway fire of power batteries.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a technical solution for a test system based on power battery thermal runaway fire research, including:

[0007] A battery box housing is used to provide a closed space for testing, and the battery box housing is provided with an injection hole;

[0008] A heating plate is provided on the outside of the power battery to be tested and is used to heat the power battery to be tested;

[0009] An igniter, used to trigger a fire in the power battery to be tested;

[0010] A gas source is used to store and output the inert gas. The gas output port of the gas source is connected to the injection hole through a pipeline to ensure that the inert gas is injected into the battery box shell through the injection hole on the battery box shell;

[0011] A gas sensor is provided on the outside of the battery box housing and is used to detect inert gas overflowing from the battery box housing;

[0012] The temperature sensor is used to detect whether the explosion-proof valve of the power battery to be tested is broken.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of the test system based on the research on thermal runaway fire of power batteries of the present invention are: the test system includes a battery box shell that ensures safety and provides a closed test space, a heating plate for heating the power battery, an igniter for triggering fire, a gas source filled with inert gas, a gas sensor and a temperature sensor. Through this test system, research on the inhibitory effect of inert gas on thermal runaway fire of power batteries can be realized, providing reliable data for the research on thermal runaway fire of power batteries.

[0014] Furthermore, the testing process of the test system is as follows: after the battery box is filled with inert gas, the heating plate is turned on to heat the power battery to be tested; after heating until the explosion-proof valve of the power battery is ruptured, the igniter is started to complete the fire study of the power battery.

[0015] Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy of explosion-proof valve rupture detection, the number of temperature sensors is 5, which are respectively arranged at the positive electrode, negative electrode, middle of the upper end, middle of the lower end, and QR code of the power battery to be tested.

[0016] Furthermore, the test system also includes a voltage sensor for collecting the voltage of the power battery during the test.

[0017] Furthermore, in order to reliably control the operation of the heating plate, a heating plate switch is also included. The heating plate switch is arranged outside the battery box housing and is connected to the heating plate through a control line.

[0018] Furthermore, in order to reliably control the ignition of the igniter, an ignition switch is also included. The ignition switch is arranged outside the battery box housing and is connected to the igniter through a control line. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the test system based on the research of thermal runaway fire of power batteries in the present invention;

[0020] In the figure: 1 is the battery box shell, 2 is the battery cell, 31 is the right heating plate, 32 is the left heating plate, 4 is the temperature sensor, 5 is the igniter, 6 is the ignition switch, 7 is the heating plate switch, 8 is the inert gas injection hole, 9 is the gas source, and 10 is the battery cell explosion-proof valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Example of a test system based on power battery thermal runaway fire research:

[0022] Test system based on power battery thermal runaway fire research, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes a battery box housing 1, a heating plate, an igniter 5, a temperature sensor 4, an ignition switch 6, a heating plate switch 7, a gas sensor (not shown in the figure), a voltage sensor and a gas source 9.

[0023] The battery box housing 1 is an explosion-proof housing that provides an enclosed space for the battery cells 2 during testing. A visible window is provided on the battery box housing 1 for testers to observe internal fire phenomena. The battery box housing 1 is provided with an inert gas injection port 8 (referred to as the injection port).

[0024] During testing, the heating sheet is attached to the outside of the battery cell 2. In this embodiment, the heating sheet includes a left heating sheet 32 ​​and a right heating sheet 31, which are attached to the left and right sides of the battery cell 2, respectively, to heat the battery cell 2. The operating state of the left and right heating sheets 32 and 31 is controlled by a heating sheet switch 7; the heating sheet switch 7 is located on the outside of the battery box housing 1 and is connected to the left and right heating sheets 32 and 31 inside via a control line.

[0025] There are five temperature sensors 4, namely T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5. During the test, T1 and T3 are set at the positive and negative poles of the battery cell 2, and are respectively used to collect the temperatures of the positive and negative poles of the battery cell 2; T4 and T5 are set at the middle of the upper end and the middle of the lower end of the battery cell 2, and are respectively used to collect the temperatures of the battery cell 2 at the corresponding positions; T2 is set at the QR code of the battery cell 2, and is used to collect the temperature at the QR code of the battery cell 2. The temperature collected by each temperature sensor reflects the internal situation of the battery cell 2, and it can be judged whether the battery cell explosion-proof valve 10 is broken. The rupture of the battery cell explosion-proof valve 10 indicates that the battery cell 2 is in a thermal runaway state at this time. Each temperature sensor 4 is connected to the display device outside the battery box shell 1 through an acquisition line to facilitate the tester to observe the temperature changes.

[0026] The voltage sensor is used to collect the voltage of the battery cell 2 during testing. The voltage sensor is connected to a display device outside the battery box housing 1 via a collection line to facilitate the tester to observe voltage changes.

[0027] The igniter 5 is placed beside the battery cell explosion-proof valve 10 and is used to trigger the ignition of the battery cell 2. The igniter 5 can simulate a short-circuit arcing fault within the battery cell 2. By activating the igniter 5, the battery cell 2 can be observed to see if it ignites. The igniter 5 is controlled by an ignition switch 6, which activates and deactivates the igniter 5. The ignition switch 6 is located outside the battery case 1 and is connected to the igniter 5 inside via a control line.

[0028] The gas source 9 is used for storing and outputting inert gas. The gas source 9 includes a gas cylinder filled with inert gas and an air pump. The gas output port of the gas source 9 is connected to the inert gas injection hole 8 through a pipeline (here a hose). The air pump can inject the inert gas in the gas cylinder into the battery box shell 1 through the hose and the inert gas injection hole 8 on the battery box shell 1.

[0029] The gas sensor is arranged on the outside of the battery box housing 1 , specifically at the battery box explosion-proof valve, and is used to detect whether there is gas overflowing from the battery box housing 1 during testing.

[0030] Among them, the battery cell 2 is a fully charged battery cell. Before the test, the fully charged battery cell, the heating plate 3, and the temperature sensor 4 are installed and built into the battery box shell 1. The ignition switch 6 is connected to the igniter 5 through the control line, the heating plate switch 7 is connected to the heating plate through the control line, and the display device is connected to each temperature sensor 4 through the acquisition line. After all components are installed, start the test.

[0031] The test system is used to study thermal runaway fires in power batteries. This is a destructive test and carries certain safety risks. Therefore, the battery case housing 1 must be sealed. To enhance safety, single-cell testing is performed (lateral expansion is not permitted during testing of cell 2, requiring tooling). This is because the air content within the battery case housing 1 of a single-cell is greater than that of a battery pack, making the test more rigorous. Of course, battery packs can also be used for testing, and this is not a limitation of the present invention.

[0032] The main tests for power battery thermal runaway fire research include:

[0033] 1. No inert gas is introduced into the battery box housing 1

[0034] Select a fully charged battery cell, install it, and place it in the battery box shell 1. Close the inert gas injection hole 8. After sealing, turn on the heating plate switch 7, and the heating plate starts heating. When the explosion-proof valve 10 of the fully charged battery cell ruptures, turn on the ignition switch 6 and start the igniter 5. Observe whether the igniter 5 can trigger the thermal runaway of the fully charged battery and catch fire in the sealed state.

[0035] 2. Inert gas passes through the battery box shell 1

[0036] Select a fully charged battery cell, install it, and place it in the battery box shell 1. After sealing, open the inert gas injection hole 8, and inject the inert gas in the gas cylinder into the battery box shell 1 through the air pump. The gas sensor collects in real time whether there is inert gas overflow from the battery box explosion-proof valve. When the gas sensor collects inert gas overflow from the battery box explosion-proof valve for 10 consecutive minutes, the heating plate switch 7 is turned on, and the heating plate starts to heat. When the explosion-proof valve 10 of the fully charged battery cell ruptures, the ignition switch 6 is turned on and the igniter 5 is started to observe whether the igniter 5 can trigger the thermal runaway of the fully charged battery cell and catch fire in the sealed state.

[0037] The study found that inert gas has an inhibitory effect on battery fires, and the temperature and voltage parameters of battery cell 2 were collected during the experiment, providing important research data for the study of inert gas suppressing fires.

[0038] In the above embodiment, in order to fully reflect the test process of the battery cell 2, a voltage sensor is provided on the battery cell 2. As another embodiment, when voltage information is not required, the voltage sensor may not be provided.

[0039] In the above embodiment, the test process is as follows: after the battery box is filled with inert gas, the heating plate is turned on to heat the power battery to be tested; after heating until the explosion-proof valve of the power battery is ruptured, the igniter 5 is started to complete the fire study of the power battery. Of course, the test process is not limited to the above process, and the test process can be set as needed, and the present invention does not impose any restrictions.

[0040] In the above embodiment, in order to improve the reliability of explosion-proof valve rupture detection, multiple temperature sensors are provided at different positions of the battery cell 2. As another embodiment, only one temperature sensor may be provided at the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell 2.

[0041] In the above embodiment, the heating plate switch 7 and the ignition switch 6 are both wired switches, which are convenient for the tester to control the heating and ignition outside the battery box shell 1. As other embodiments, the heating plate switch 7 and the ignition switch 6 can also be wireless switches, and the heating and ignition can be controlled by remote control.

[0042] In the above embodiment, in order to ensure uniform heating of the battery core 2, two heating plates are used to heat the battery core 2. As another embodiment, four heating plates can also be used to cover all four outer sides of the battery core 2, or one heating plate can be provided while ensuring stable heating of the battery core 2.

[0043] The test system provided by the present invention can realize the inhibitory effect of inert gas on thermal runaway fire of power batteries, and provide reliable data for the research of thermal runaway fire of power batteries.

Claims

1. A test system based on the research of thermal runaway fire of power batteries, characterized in that: include: The battery box shell is used to provide a closed space for testing, and the battery box shell is provided with an injection hole for placing the power battery during testing; A heating plate is placed outside the power battery to be tested during testing to heat the power battery to be tested until the explosion-proof valve of the power battery ruptures; An igniter, used during testing to trigger the fire of the power battery to be tested after the explosion-proof valve of the power battery ruptures; A gas source is used to store and output inert gas. The gas outlet of the gas source is connected to the injection hole through a pipeline. During testing, the inert gas is injected into the battery box shell through the injection hole on the battery box shell. A gas sensor is provided at the explosion-proof valve outside the battery box housing to detect inert gas leaking from the battery box housing; The temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the power battery to be tested, so as to determine whether the explosion-proof valve of the power battery is broken.

2. The test system based on power battery thermal runaway fire research according to claim 1, characterized in that: The testing process of the test system is as follows: select a fully charged battery cell, install it, put it into the battery box shell, and after sealing it, open the injection hole, and use the air pump to inject the inert gas in the gas cylinder into the battery box shell. The gas sensor detects in real time whether there is inert gas overflowing from the explosion-proof valve. When inert gas overflows from the explosion-proof valve for 10 consecutive minutes, the heating plate is turned on and starts heating. When the explosion-proof valve of the fully charged battery cell is ruptured, the igniter is started to determine whether the igniter can trigger thermal runaway of the power battery and ignite fire in the sealed state.

3. The test system based on power battery thermal runaway fire research according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: There are five temperature sensors, which are respectively arranged at the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the middle of the upper end, the middle of the lower end, and the QR code of the power battery to be tested.

4. The test system based on power battery thermal runaway fire research according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The test system also includes a voltage sensor for collecting the voltage of the power battery during the test.

5. The test system based on power battery thermal runaway fire research according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A visible window is provided on the battery box shell for testers to observe internal fire phenomena.

6. The test system based on power battery thermal runaway fire research according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes an ignition switch, which is arranged outside the battery box housing and is connected to the igniter through a control line.

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