A simulation device and method for measuring the temperature distribution of motor bearings

Abstract

This invention discloses a simulation device and method for measuring the temperature distribution of motor bearings. The simulation device includes a fixed base (1), on which a lower simulation base (2) is provided. Bearing chambers (4) are installed at both ends of the lower simulation base (2), and a higher simulation base (3) is installed between the two bearing chambers (4). The bearing to be tested (7) is installed in the bearing chamber (4) through simulation component I (5) and simulation component II (6). A rotating shaft (8) is installed between the two bearings to be tested (7), and a simulated rotor (9) is installed on the rotating shaft (8). One end of the rotating shaft (8) passes through one of the bearing chambers (4) and is connected to the output shaft of a drive motor (12) through a coupling (11). This invention, through the simulation measurement method of bearing temperature distribution, simulates the implementation method of bearing temperature and load adjustment under different working conditions, and can achieve relatively accurate acquisition of temperature distribution data near the motor bearing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of testing technology for track traction motor bearings, specifically to a simulation device and method for measuring the temperature distribution of motor bearings. Background Technology

[0002] Bearings are a crucial structural component of an electric motor. During operation, they support the weight of the rotating mechanical body (rotor). To reduce friction during operation, motor bearings typically require a robust lubrication system. The high-speed rotation of the motor rotor inevitably generates heat, causing the bearing temperature to rise. If the bearing temperature exceeds a certain limit, it can affect parameters such as the bearing's fit dimensions, lubrication condition, and friction coefficient during high-speed operation. This can lead to safety hazards such as lubrication failure, mechanical friction, seizure, and separation, resulting in serious consequences and loss of life and property.

[0003] Currently, in the field of rail transit traction motors, especially traction motors for high-speed trains, the condition monitoring of bearings during motor operation is crucial to the overall safety of the vehicle. Therefore, early warning of bearing failures can prevent major safety malfunctions. In practice, temperature sensors (PT100 or PT1000 platinum resistance thermometers) are installed at both ends of the traction motor bearings for temperature monitoring. The vehicle's network monitoring system monitors and determines the bearing temperature of the traction motor. When the bearing temperature exceeds a certain range, pre-set warning and safety protection measures are implemented, such as reducing speed or stopping for inspection.

[0004] Currently, bearing temperature is primarily measured by reading the temperature near the motor bearing using a set temperature sensor. During motor temperature rise tests, PT100 or infrared thermometers are attached to add bearing temperature detection points to obtain empirical data from specific locations near the bearing. However, this method has the following drawbacks: ① The set bearing temperature sensor can only measure the temperature at that specific location, resulting in a deviation from the bearing's actual temperature, and the degree of this deviation is unclear. ② The test conditions are relatively simple, and the measured temperature coverage is small, making it difficult to characterize the actual bearing temperature during motor operation. ③ The added temperature test points are generally far from the bearing interior, not on the bearing assembly components. Heat conduction needs to be measured through two or more components, resulting in values ​​that are less accurate than those from the set temperature sensor, making it difficult to guide the development of bearing temperature protection values.

[0005] However, the traction motor structures, bearing configurations, and operating conditions differ among vehicles, as do the locations and proximity of temperature sensors to the bearings. For example... Figure 1The diagram shows an assembly schematic of a sensor for detecting bearing temperature in a rail transit traction motor. In practical applications, the temperature sensor is a certain distance from the bearing and cannot accurately measure the actual bearing temperature. Therefore, there is a certain deviation between the actual bearing temperature and the temperature value detected by the sensor. Without corresponding detection data, it is difficult to set the bearing temperature protection limit, and there are still certain hidden dangers to the safe operation of the vehicle traction motor. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The bearing temperature of traction motors in rail transit vehicles is primarily detected using PT100 (or PT1000) platinum resistance temperature sensors. The resistance value of the PT100 (or PT1000) sensor is converted into a numerical value reflecting the bearing temperature by application software. When the temperature exceeds a set protection value, the data is transmitted to the driver (or the train traction control system) to guide protective measures, thereby ensuring safe train operation. The purpose of this invention is to propose a new method and simulation device for measuring the temperature distribution of motor bearings.

[0007] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution:

[0008] A simulation device for measuring the temperature distribution of motor bearings includes a fixed base with a lower simulated base on the fixed base. Bearing chambers are installed at both ends of the lower simulated base, and an upper simulated base is installed between the two bearing chambers. The bearing to be tested is installed in the bearing chamber through simulation component I and simulation component II. A rotating shaft is installed between the two bearings to be tested, and a simulated rotor is installed on the rotating shaft. One end of the rotating shaft passes through one of the bearing chambers and is connected to the output shaft of a drive motor via a coupling. A hot air supply device is installed on the fixed base, with its outlet facing the bearing chamber on the other side. A simulated load is installed on the upper simulated base, and the simulated load acts on the simulated rotor. Several temperature sensors for measuring the temperature distribution at different locations around the bearing are installed on simulation component I and simulation component II.

[0009] More preferably, within the same radial plane of the bearing under test, with the distance from the temperature sensor probe to the outer ring of the bearing starting at 0 mm, and within a range of 0-50 mm (the same below), a measurement point is set at every 5 mm interval, for a total of 11 measurement points, each with a temperature sensor inserted. Alternatively, within different radial planes of the bearing under test, with the distance from the temperature sensor probe to the outer ring of the bearing starting at 0 mm, a measurement point is set at every 5 mm interval, for a total of 11 measurement points (i.e., the 11 measurement points are located in different radial planes), each with a temperature sensor inserted. Alternatively, the same arrangement of measurement points is used within different radial planes of the bearing under test, i.e., within each radial plane, with the distance from the temperature sensor probe to the outer ring of the bearing starting at 0 mm, a measurement point is set at every 5 mm interval, for a total of 11 measurement points, each with a temperature sensor inserted. The 11 measurement points located in the same or different radial planes are evenly distributed along the circumference.

[0010] In a further preferred embodiment, a measuring point is set at the inner ring position of the bearing being tested, that is, a temperature sensor is inserted at the measuring point.

[0011] In a further preferred embodiment, temperature measuring points are arranged at different heights along the axial direction of the outer ring of the bearing under test, and a temperature sensor is inserted at each temperature measuring point.

[0012] In addition, to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention also provides a method for determining the temperature distribution of a motor bearing according to the simulation device, wherein the drive motor is used to provide the rotational speed of the bearing under test, the simulated load is used to adjust the rotor load, the hot air supply device is used to simulate the actual working environment temperature of the bearing, and the lubrication system is used to simulate the state of the bearing lubrication system.

[0013] The temperature sensors are numbered, and the data from the bearing outer ring surface temperature sensor is used as the detection benchmark. By adjusting the parameter combinations of four variables—bearing speed, rotor load, grease addition amount, and hot air supply temperature—different application conditions are simulated, and the values ​​of each temperature sensor are detected in real time, recorded, and plotted. The test is stopped when the bearing outer ring temperature reaches the bearing design limit. The test time is set according to the actual operating conditions. Finally, the actual temperature state of the motor bearing and the temperature of different parts around the bearing are measured under different operating conditions. This allows for a clear understanding of the temperature distribution at different locations near the bearing outer ring, accurately determining the actual bearing temperature reflected by the temperature sensor data, and providing accurate criteria for the protection logic of vehicle safe operation.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are as follows:

[0015] 1. This invention proposes a method for measuring the temperature distribution of motor bearings, which can simulate the operating conditions of motors, measure the actual temperature state of motor bearings under different operating conditions and the temperature of different parts around the bearings, thereby clearly understanding the temperature distribution at different locations.

[0016] 2. By measuring the temperature distribution of motor bearings, this invention can accurately determine the actual bearing temperature reflected by the temperature sensor data based on the measured bearing temperature data, providing accurate criteria for the protection logic of vehicle safe operation.

[0017] 3. The method for adjusting bearing temperature proposed in this invention has strong guiding significance for simulating the influence of bearing operating conditions and maintenance methods on bearing temperature. Furthermore, through simulation experiments, valuable test data can be obtained to support theoretical research.

[0018] This invention is rationally designed. By designing a simulation device and method for measuring the temperature distribution of motor bearings, it is possible to obtain relatively accurate temperature distribution near the bearings of motors (especially traction motors for rail transit vehicles). In particular, it can accurately measure the temperature data near the bearings under different operating conditions. Based on the distribution, it can clarify the deviation between the values ​​detected by the set temperature sensors and the actual bearing temperature, thereby formulating more accurate bearing temperature protection values ​​and control strategies. This provides practical data support for the safe operation of vehicles and has great practical application value. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates a current method for measuring the bearing temperature of an electric motor.

[0020] Figure 1 In the diagram: 101 - Measured temperature sensor, 102 - Mounting component I, 103 - Mounting component II, 104 - Actual bearing.

[0021] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the simulation device for measuring the temperature of motor bearings as described in this invention.

[0022] Figure 2 In the middle: 1-fixed base, 2-simulated lower base, 3-simulated upper base, 4-bearing chamber, 5-simulated component I, 6-simulated component II, 7-bearing under test, 8-shaft, 9-simulated rotor, 10-simulated load, 11-coupling, 12-drive motor, 13-hot air supply equipment, 14-temperature sensor.

[0023] Figure 3 This diagram shows the distribution of temperature measurement points on a radial surface around a bearing.

[0024] Figure 3In the diagram: Ⅰ - Bearing outer ring measurement point one, Ⅱ - Bearing outer ring measurement point two, Ⅲ - Bearing outer ring measurement point three, Ⅳ - Bearing outer ring measurement point four, Ⅴ - Bearing outer ring measurement point five, Ⅵ - Bearing outer ring measurement point six, Ⅶ - Bearing outer ring measurement point seven, Ⅷ - Bearing outer ring measurement point eight, Ⅸ - Bearing outer ring measurement point nine, Ⅹ - Bearing outer ring measurement point ten, Ⅺ - Bearing outer ring measurement point eleven, ⅰ - Bearing inner ring measurement point.

[0025] Figure 4 This indicates that multiple measuring points can be arranged on the outer surface of the bearing under test along its axial direction, and multiple measuring points can be set in each radial surface.

[0026] Figure 4 In the diagram: a, b, c, d, and e all represent the distribution location of the radial surfaces. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] A simulation device for measuring the temperature distribution of motor bearings includes a bearing housing, a fixed base, a rotor model and a simulated load, lubricating grease, a temperature sensor (PT100 or PT1000 platinum resistance thermometer), and a hot air supply device.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, a simulated lower base 2 is provided on the fixed base 1. Bearing chambers 4 are installed at both ends of the simulated lower base 2. A simulated upper base 3 is installed between the bearing chambers 4 on both sides. That is, a bearing chamber 4 is installed at each end of the simulated upper and lower bases by bolts. The bearing to be tested 7 (e.g., bearing 7) is installed in the bearing chamber 4 through simulated component I 5 and simulated component II 6. Figure 3 (As shown). Based on the actual motor bearing structure, corresponding bearing housings and simulated mounting bases are fabricated. A lubrication system, including a grease-sealed labyrinth, oil reservoir, filling hole, and grease nipple, is installed at the bearing mounting location, such as on the bearing housing, to inject grease into the bearing. This allows for simulation of bearing lubrication by adjusting the amount of grease, and detection of the effect of grease quantity on bearing temperature adjustment. A rotating shaft 8 is installed between the two bearings 7 under test, and a simulated rotor 9 is mounted on the rotating shaft 8. One end of the rotating shaft 8 passes through the bearing housing 4 on one side and is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 12 via a coupling 11. A hot air supply device 13 is installed on the fixed base 1, with its outlet facing the bearing housing 4 on the other side. A simulated load 10 is installed on the simulated mounting base 3, and the simulated load 10 acts on the simulated rotor 9.

[0030] Several temperature sensors 14, either PT100 or PT1000 platinum resistance thermometers, are installed on simulation components I and II 6 to measure the temperature distribution at different locations around the bearing 7. The sensor settings for different materials are carefully considered; that is, the temperature probes are distributed on simulation components I and II, and the materials of simulation components I and II are the same as those used in the actual application. Temperature measurement holes are provided radially and axially on the bearing mounting components. The hole positions should include the actual temperature sensor positions, and the sensor depth should fully consider different depths to obtain the temperature distribution around the bearing. Within the same radial plane of the bearing under test, with the distance from the temperature sensor probe to the outer ring of the bearing as 0 mm, several measurement points are set along the circumference at equal or different intervals, and each measurement point is fitted with a temperature sensor. This embodiment illustrates this by arranging 11 measurement points outside the bearing; however, each radial plane may not necessarily have 11 measurement points, and the specific number of measurement points should be related to the component size and actual needs. Figure 3 As shown, within the same radial plane of the bearing 7 under test, with the distance from the probe of the temperature sensor 14 to the starting point of the bearing's outer ring being 0 mm, a measurement point is set at 5 mm intervals. That is, after installing the temperature sensor, the distance between the probe and the bearing's outer ring includes: 0 mm, 5 mm...50 mm, for a total of 11 measurement points (I, II...XI in the figure). Each measurement point is fitted with a temperature sensor 14, and the 11 measurement points located in the same radial plane are arranged circumferentially (the arrangement can be uniform or non-uniform depending on the structure and the specific points to be measured). In addition, one measurement point is set at the inner ring position of the bearing 7 under test (i in the figure), that is, a temperature sensor 14 is installed at this measurement point.

[0031] Furthermore, within different radial planes of the bearing 7 under test, with the probe of the temperature sensor 14 at 0 mm from the starting point of the outer ring of the bearing, a measurement point is set at 5 mm intervals. A total of 11 measurement points are arranged within the range of 0 to 50 mm, that is, 11 measurement points are located on different radial planes, and a temperature sensor 14 is inserted at each measurement point.

[0032] Furthermore, the same measurement point arrangement is set in different radial planes of the bearing under test 7. That is, in each radial plane, the distance of the probe of the temperature sensor 14 from the starting point of the outer ring of the bearing is 0 mm, and a measurement point is set at every 5 mm interval, for a total of 11 measurement points (for example, 11 measurement points are arranged in the three radial planes on both sides and in the middle of the bearing). A temperature sensor 14 is inserted at each measurement point.

[0033] In addition, temperature measurement points are arranged at different heights along the outer ring axis of the bearing 7 under test, and a temperature sensor 14 is inserted at each temperature measurement point.

[0034] The simulation method for measuring the temperature distribution of motor bearings using the above-mentioned device includes: a drive motor 12 for providing the rotational speed of the bearing 7 under test; a simulated load 10 for adjusting the rotor load; a hot air supply device 13 for simulating the actual working environment temperature of the bearing; and a lubrication system for simulating the state of bearing grease. By injecting grease into the bearing, the lubrication state of the bearing is simulated by adjusting the amount of grease, and the influence of the amount of grease on adjusting the bearing temperature is detected.

[0035] The temperature sensors were numbered, and the data from the bearing outer ring surface temperature sensor was used as the detection benchmark. Different application conditions were simulated by adjusting the parameter combinations of four variables: bearing speed, rotor load, grease dosage, and hot air supply temperature. The values ​​from each temperature sensor were monitored in real time, recorded, and plotted as curves. The test was stopped when the bearing outer ring temperature reached the bearing's design limit. The test time was set according to the actual operating conditions. Finally, the actual temperature state of the motor bearing and the temperature of different parts around the bearing were measured under different operating conditions. This allowed for a clear understanding of the temperature distribution at different locations around the bearing, accurately determining the actual bearing temperature reflected by the temperature sensor data, and providing accurate criteria for the vehicle's safe operation protection logic.

[0036] In specific measurements, different test conditions need to be set according to the actual application of the motor. Motor load simulation is achieved by applying a simulated load to the rotor model. Bearing temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the bearing speed, the amount of grease added, and by using a hot air supply device to simulate the internal heat radiation of the motor in specific parts.

[0037] The simulation device and temperature measurement setup method for measuring bearing temperature distribution described in this invention, which simulates bearing temperature and load adjustment under different working conditions, can achieve relatively accurate acquisition of temperature distribution data near the bearing of motors (especially traction motors for rail transit vehicles).

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation device for measuring the temperature distribution of motor bearings, characterized in that: The system includes a fixed base (1), on which a simulated lower base (2) is provided. Bearing chambers (4) are installed at both ends of the simulated lower base (2). A simulated upper base (3) is installed between the two bearing chambers (4). The bearings under test (7) are installed in the bearing chambers (4) through simulated component I (5) and simulated component II (6). A rotating shaft (8) is installed between the two bearings under test (7). A simulated rotor (9) is installed on the rotating shaft (8). One end of the rotating shaft (8) passes through one of the bearing chambers (4) on one side. The drive motor (12) is connected to the output shaft via a coupling (11); a hot air supply device (13) is installed on the fixed base (1), and the outlet of the hot air supply device (13) faces the bearing chamber (4) located on the other side; a simulated load (10) is installed on the simulated upper base (3), and the simulated load (10) acts on the simulated rotor (9); several temperature sensors (14) for measuring the temperature distribution at different positions around the bearing (7) are installed on the simulated component I (5) and simulated component II (6); The drive motor (12) is used to provide the rotational speed of the bearing under test (7), the simulated load (10) is used to adjust the rotor load, the hot air supply device (13) is used to simulate the actual working environment temperature of the bearing, and the lubrication system is used to simulate the state of the bearing grease. The temperature sensors are numbered, and the data from the bearing outer ring surface temperature sensor is used as the detection benchmark. By adjusting the parameter combinations of four variables—bearing speed, rotor load, grease addition, and hot air supply temperature—different application conditions are simulated, and the values ​​of each temperature sensor are detected in real time, recorded, and plotted. The test is stopped when the bearing outer ring temperature reaches the bearing design limit. The test time is set according to the actual operating conditions. Finally, the actual temperature state of the motor bearing and the temperature of different parts around the bearing are measured under different operating conditions. This allows for a clear understanding of the temperature distribution at different locations outside the bearing, accurate judgment of the actual bearing temperature reflected by the temperature sensor data, and provides accurate criteria for the protection logic of vehicle safe operation. One measuring point is set at the inner ring position of the bearing (7) being tested, that is, a temperature sensor (14) is inserted at the measuring point. Located in the same radial plane of the bearing (7) under test, with the probe of the temperature sensor (14) 0 mm from the starting point of the outer ring of the bearing, several measurement points are set along the circumference at the same or different intervals, and a temperature sensor (14) is inserted at each measurement point. Alternatively, in different radial planes of the bearing (7) being tested, with the probe of the temperature sensor (14) 0 mm from the starting point of the outer ring of the bearing, several measurement points are set along the circumference at the same or different intervals, and a temperature sensor (14) is inserted at each measurement point. Alternatively, the same measurement point arrangement can be set in different radial planes of the bearing under test (7), that is, in each radial plane, the distance between the probe of the temperature sensor (14) and the starting point of the outer ring of the bearing is 0 mm, and several measurement points are set along the circumference at the same or different intervals, and a temperature sensor (14) is inserted at each measurement point.

2. The simulation device for measuring the temperature distribution of motor bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interval is 5mm, and a total of 11 measuring points are arranged in the vertical distance range of 0~50mm.

3. A simulation device for measuring the temperature distribution of an electric motor bearing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Temperature measurement points are arranged at different heights along the outer ring axis of the bearing under test (7), and a temperature sensor (14) is inserted at each temperature measurement point.

4. The simulation device for measuring the temperature distribution of motor bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature sensor (14) is a PT100 or PT1000 platinum resistance temperature sensor.

5. The simulation device for measuring the temperature distribution of motor bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing housing (4) is equipped with a lubrication system at the bearing mounting location.

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