Display panel structure and its driving method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a display panel structure composed of composite materials that can achieve full color with four colors and have a variable transmission mode, as well as a panel structure and its driving method that can achieve the conversion among reflection mode, shielding mode, and transmission mode. It is characterized by including: an upper substrate; a lower substrate; an upper electrode disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; a lower electrode disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; and a partition wall for defining a unit lattice region formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate; the unit lattice region respectively includes a plurality of first particles presenting a first color, a plurality of second particles presenting a second color, a plurality of third particles presenting a third color, and a plurality of fourth particles presenting a fourth color that are dispersed in a fluid, and the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles each carry a positive charge and a negative charge simultaneously within one particle, the amounts of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other, and the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles achieve the transmission mode by being vertically and horizontally arranged at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a display panel composed of a composite material that can selectively reflect, shield, and adjust the transmission of incident light from the outside by utilizing the electrical behavior characteristics depending on the structure of particles and the charges carried by the particles, and can also achieve full color of four colors, and a driving method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Figure 1 a and Figure 1 b are cross-sectional views illustrating the display panel structures that implement the shielding mode (a) and the transmission mode (b) in existing transmissivity variable display screens, respectively.

[0003] As a representative example of applying an existing transmissivity variable display panel, as Figure 1 a and Figure 1 shown in b, a panel structure is adopted in which an ink in which fine particles 103 carrying positive or negative charges are dispersed in a transparent fluid 102 is filled in a unit cell or within a sub-cell in which at least two or more electrodes 104, 106 are patterned in the lower substrate 100 of the upper part 105 for loading an electric field.

[0004] When an electric field is generated by a voltage applied to two electrodes 104, 106 in the unit cell or sub-cell of Figure 1 a and Figure 1 b from the outside, the particles 103 exhibit an electrophoretic property of moving in the direction of the electrode loaded with a voltage having a sign opposite to the polarity of the charge carried. At this time, when the particles 103 are located on the upper electrode 104 having a relatively large area, as Figure 1 (a) shows, the light 107 incident from the outside is absorbed and shielded (absorbed) by the particles 103, and when the particles 103 are located on the electrode 106 patterned with a relatively small area, as Figure 1 (b) shows, the light incident from the outside passes through the region other than the region where the particles 103 are concentrated.

[0005] Figure 1 a and Figure 1 The panel structures of b can achieve simple information display when selectively controlling the sub-cells to be turned on / off, but since the contrast ratio difference between the shielding state and the transmission state is small and the gradient range is narrow, there are many limitations in displaying clear and complex images or information.

[0006] Figure 2 a and Figure 2FIG. b is a cross-sectional view illustrating a panel structure of a display screen that can implement a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmissive mode. Figure 2 a, Figure 2 b, Figure 2 c, and Figure 2 FIG. d are schematic views illustrating a panel structure and a driving method thereof that pattern at least three or more electrodes 204 and 206 within a unit lattice or a sub-lattice, and can simultaneously perform shielding mode, reflection mode, and transmissive mode functions using particles 203 and 208 having opposite-sign charges and contrasting colors dispersed in a transparent fluid 202.

[0007] To perform a shielding mode or an absorption mode, as Figure 2 (a) shows, particles 203 that function to absorb and shield light 207 incident from the outside will be located on the upper electrode 204, thereby performing the functions of the shielding mode or the absorption mode. When the direction of the electric field applied to Figure 2 (a) changes, particles 208 with opposite-sign charges will be located on the upper electrode 204. At this time, light 207 incident from the outside will absorb and reflect visible light of a specific wavelength according to the color on the surface of particles 208, and thus, as Figure 2 (b) shows, will perform the function of the reflection mode in a manner of presenting a corresponding color according to the color of particles 208. In addition, referring to Figure 2 FIG. d, in the case where particles 208 are not located on the upper substrate 205, but particles 203 and 208 with opposite-sign charges are only respectively located on two electrodes 206 patterned on the lower substrate 200, as Figure 2 (d) shows, light will pass through areas other than the two electrodes 206 patterned on the lower substrate 200, thereby performing the function of the transmissive mode. However, to implement the transmissive mode, as Figure 2 (c) shows, a process in which two types of particles with different polarities are located on the upper electrode 204 and then sequentially move to the two electrodes 206 of the lower substrate 200 needs to be performed. Therefore, it takes a long time to update an image or information and a very complex driving method is required. In addition, when performing the transmissive mode as shown in Figure 2 FIG. c and Figure 2 FIG. d, compared with the panel structure illustrated in Figure 1 FIG. a and Figure 1 FIG. b, the area occupied by the electrodes 206 patterned on the lower substrate 200 is larger, so there is a problem of relatively low transmittance.

[0008] In such as Figure 1 and Figure 2In the prior art shown, in order to increase the variable range of transmittance and improve the transmittance, it is necessary to narrow the width of the patterned electrode. However, since the narrower the width of the electrode, the higher its resistance and the driving voltage will also increase accordingly. When the applied voltage increases, problems such as heat generation and electrode short - circuit will be induced. Therefore, there are many restrictions in patterning the electrode.

[0009] Figure 3 a, Figure 3 b, Figure 3 c and Figure 3 d are cross - sectional views illustrating the structure of an existing display panel that realizes a shielding mode / reflection mode / transmission mode by using the dielectrophoresis of particles and fluids. Figure 3 a, Figure 3 b, Figure 3 c and Figure 3 d are schematic diagrams illustrating the structure and driving method of a display panel that utilizes the dielectrophoresis phenomenon in which a dipole moves in the direction of a stronger electric field intensity when placed in a non - uniform electric field. It is one of the technologies proposed to solve Figure 1 and Figure 2 the problems existing in the technology shown. The display panel applicable to Figure 3 a, Figure 3 b, Figure 3 c and Figure 3 d makes at least one type of particle carry a positive or negative sign and uses particles with contrasting colors, and adopts a panel structure in the form of being filled into a unit lattice or sub - lattice after being dispersed in a transparent fluid with a dielectric constant difference from the particles. At this time, the structure of the electrodes in the unit lattice or sub - lattice is different from that of the electrodes in Figure 2 , and it is not necessary to pattern the two electrodes on the upper / lower substrates in the unit lattice or sub - lattice asymmetrically. In the technology shown in Figure 3 a, Figure 3 b, Figure 3 c and Figure 3 d, when an electric field is formed by applying a voltage (threshold voltage) sufficient to cause electrophoresis of the particles from the outside, as Figure 3 a and Figure 3As shown in Fig. b, charged particles 303 and 308 will move towards the upper electrode 304 and the lower electrode 306 which are loaded with voltages of opposite signs to the polarities carried by the particles. At this time, the functions of the shielding mode (or absorption mode) and the reflection mode will be executed according to the colors of the particles located on the upper electrode 304. That is, the shielding mode will not allow the incident light 307 to pass through but will absorb or reflect it 309 in alignment, thus executing the function of the shielding mode. The reflection function will absorb the visible light wavelengths in a specific area according to the colors of the particles and then reflect them, thus executing the function of the reflection mode. When a high voltage higher than the threshold voltage at which electrophoresis of the particles can occur is loaded at a high frequency, the particles will move irregularly due to the dielectrophoresis phenomenon caused by the non-uniform electric field and gradually be located at the edges of the unit lattice and sub-lattices. Therefore, the light incident from the outside will pass through the areas other than the areas where the particles are aggregated within the unit lattice and sub-lattices, thus executing the function of the transmission mode. However, the particles with a relatively high dielectric constant and the transparent fluid used to maximize the dielectrophoresis phenomenon, the high voltage and high frequency loaded on the panel will induce an increase in the current flow consumed during the panel driving process, and there is also a problem of a decrease in the accelerated life due to the friction and impact between the particles.

[0010] In addition, in order to make the particles aggregated at the edges within the unit lattice and sub-lattices under the action of high voltage and high frequency execute the functions of the shielding mode and the reflection mode again, a process of re-electrostatic dispersion in the fluid needs to be executed by aging with a driving voltage higher than the threshold voltage of the particles. Therefore, problems will be induced in terms of the decrease in the particle life and the reliability and reproducibility of the electro-optical properties.

[0011] In addition, because of the driving characteristics that need to combine the differences in the loaded voltage, low frequency and high frequency, etc. and then load them, the complex driving method will result in a relatively long time required for updating images and information, and it will also cause an increase in the power consumption in the panel and even in the driving parts such as the driving board. In addition, in order to generate and control a complex driving waveform as shown in Figure 3 Fig. d, a high-performance driving chip needs to be used, so there is a disadvantage of an increase in the manufacturing cost.

[0012] Figure 3 Fig. e is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a transparency-variable transparent display panel using the electrorheological properties of particles. Refer to Figure 3e. The transmission mode can be achieved by forming chains of particles 302 through the polarization phenomenon when generating an electric field. The electrorheological property is induced by the polarization phenomenon of charged or neutral particles. When an electric field is generated by applying a voltage between two electrodes, positively charged protons will align towards the cathode and negatively charged electrons will align towards the opposite electrode, thus exhibiting electrode polarity, and this phenomenon is called polarization. For substances with a relatively large degree of polarization when forming an electric field, as Figure 3 shown in e, when there are many polarized particles in the electrorheological fluid and the particles are in a spherical shape, the following process will be executed. First, at the moment when the electric field is generated, positive charges will align on the upper side of the particles and negative charges will align on the lower side of the particles. At this time, two different particles will exhibit completely different motions according to the approaching angle. When one particle approaches the lower side of another particle and aligns close to a perpendicular state with respect to the bipolar direction, the positive pole of the particle will encounter the negative pole of another particle and form an attractive force that attracts each other. On the contrary, when one particle is arranged side by side next to another particle on the other side, the negative poles on the lower side will be arranged side by side with the negative poles of other particles, and the positive poles on the upper side will be arranged side by side with the positive poles of other particles, and a repulsive force that repels each other will be formed between the two particles. The attractive or repulsive force will depend on the approaching angle between the particles. The polarized particles that move under the action of the attractive and repulsive forces as described above will gradually start to approach each other due to the attractive force and finally form a particle chain that connects from the end to the end of the electrode plate. After forming multiple single chains in the above-described manner, the single chains will move towards the side of other adjacent single chains and connect to form a thicker column, and by repeating the above-described process, a thicker column can be formed. This is called the aggregation phenomenon of particles.

[0013] The chains formed through the aggregation phenomenon or polarization phenomenon of charged particles in an electric field are induced by the dipole-dipole interaction between particles with dipole moments.

[0014] Figure 3The particles 302 illustrated in e are polarized only when an electric field is applied. When polarized, they do not tend to move to the upper or lower part of the electrode but form a chain structure, so they do not exhibit the electrophoretic behavior characteristics of moving to the upper or lower electrode according to the direction of the electric field. In particular, in order to reduce the power consumption and improve the lifespan of an electrophoretic display screen, it is necessary to adjust the viscosity of the fluid, etc., to achieve bistability where the position of the particles can be maintained even after the final behavior even when the voltage is turned off. However, when bistability is imparted, it becomes difficult for the polarized particles to redisperse into the state before driving or move to the upper or lower electrode in the fluid, and thus it is impossible to achieve a shielding mode for evaluating the light incident from the outside.

[0015] Even in the absence of bistability, since the time for achieving the shielding mode is unstable and it is difficult to electrically control the dispersion state of the particles, there will be a problem of unstable shielding rate. In addition, since the polarized particles that start to be polarized instantaneously when exposed to the electric field have the disadvantages of a longer response time and a higher driving voltage required for driving compared to the particles physically carrying positive and negative charges applied in the present invention. Summary of the Invention

[0016] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a display panel structure composed of a composite material phase that can achieve stable and reproducible shielding mode, reflection mode, and transmission mode even without a complex driving method by dispersing multiple particles carrying positive and negative charges and showing contrast in color and charge amount in a transparent fluid and filling them into a panel without patterning counter electrodes in a unit lattice or sublattice, and its manufacturing cost is reduced, the transmittance is improved, the image or information update time is improved, and characteristics such as driving voltage and lifespan are enhanced, and can achieve full-color of two or more, three or more, or four colors, and its driving method.

[0017] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a display panel structure composed of a composite material phase that can achieve full-color of four colors and has a variable transmission mode and its driving method.

[0018] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a structure of a display panel that can achieve full-color of two or more, three or more, or four colors on the front of a unit lattice even without a color filter and can perform the function of the transmission mode, and a method for controlling the same.

[0019] The problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the problems mentioned above, and those skilled in the art will be able to clearly understand other unmentioned problems through the following description.

[0020] A display panel structure composed of composite material phases that can achieve two or more colors according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: an upper substrate; a lower substrate; an upper electrode disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; a lower electrode disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; and a partition wall for defining unit lattice regions formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate; the unit lattice regions respectively include a plurality of first particles dispersed in a fluid and a plurality of second particles having colors different from those of the plurality of first particles, the plurality of first particles and second particles each carry a positive charge and a negative charge simultaneously within one particle, the amounts of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other, and the plurality of first particles and second particles achieve a transmissive mode by being vertically and horizontally arranged at regular intervals from the upper electrode to the lower electrode.

[0021] A display panel structure composed of composite material phases that can achieve two or more colors according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: an upper substrate; a lower substrate; an upper electrode disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; a lower electrode disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; and an adhesive layer including a plurality of microcapsules formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode; the plurality of microcapsules respectively include a plurality of first particles dispersed in a fluid and a plurality of second particles having colors different from those of the plurality of first particles, the plurality of first particles and second particles each carry a positive charge and a negative charge simultaneously within one particle, the amounts of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other, and the plurality of first particles and second particles achieve a transmissive mode by being vertically and horizontally arranged at regular intervals from the upper electrode to the lower electrode.

[0022] The plurality of first particles and second particles may respectively adopt a particle structure with a core - shell structure, and the shell coated on a part of the surface of the core and the core may respectively carry charges with opposite polarities.

[0023] The core of the first particle and the core of the second particle may carry charges with opposite polarities, and the shell of the first particle and the shell of the second particle may carry charges with opposite polarities.

[0024] The plurality of first particles and second particles may respectively bind a certain proportion of cationic ligands and anionic ligands to the surface of polymer particles, metal particles or metal compound particles having functional groups, so that the amounts of the cations and anions reach a certain proportion.

[0025] In order to control the mode conversion of a display panel structure composed of composite material phases that can achieve two or more colors according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower electrode can be patterned in each unit lattice on the lower substrate, and each unit lattice can be selectively controlled by adjusting the application time or pulse width of the driving voltage, so as to achieve a reflection mode, a transmission mode or a shielding mode.

[0026] In order to control the mode conversion of a display panel structure composed of composite material phases that can achieve two or more colors according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower electrode can be patterned in each unit lattice on the lower substrate, and each unit lattice can be selectively controlled by adjusting the intensity of the driving voltage or the pulse magnitude, so as to achieve a reflection mode, a transmission mode or a shielding mode.

[0027] In order to control the mode conversion of a display panel structure composed of composite material phases that can achieve two or more colors according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower electrode can be patterned in one or more unit microcapsules on the lower substrate, and the application time of the driving voltage or the intensity of the driving voltage of each unit microcapsule can be selectively controlled, so as to achieve a reflection mode, a transmission mode or a shielding mode.

[0028] A display panel structure composed of composite material phases that can achieve three or more colors according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: an upper substrate; a lower substrate; an upper electrode disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; a lower electrode disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; and a partition wall for defining a unit lattice region formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate; the unit lattice region respectively includes a plurality of first particles presenting a first color, a plurality of second particles presenting a second color, and a plurality of third particles presenting a third color dispersed in a fluid, the plurality of first particles and second particles each carry a positive charge and a negative charge in one particle, the amounts of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other, and the plurality of first particles and second particles achieve a transmission mode by being vertically and horizontally arranged at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode.

[0029] A display panel structure composed of composite materials that can achieve three or more colors according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: an upper substrate; a lower substrate; an upper electrode disposed on one side of the upper substrate; a lower electrode disposed on one side of the lower substrate; and an adhesive layer including a plurality of microcapsules formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode; the plurality of microcapsules respectively include a plurality of first particles presenting a first color, a plurality of second particles presenting a second color, and third particles presenting a third color dispersed in a fluid, the plurality of first particles and second particles each carry a positive charge and a negative charge within one particle, the amounts of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other, and the plurality of first particles and second particles achieve a transmissive mode by being vertically and horizontally arranged at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode.

[0030] The plurality of first particles and second particles may respectively adopt a particle structure with a core-shell structure, and the shell coated on a part of the core surface and the core may respectively carry charges with opposite polarities.

[0031] The core of the first particle and the core of the second particle may carry charges with opposite polarities, and the shell of the first particle and the shell of the second particle may carry charges with opposite polarities.

[0032] The plurality of first particles and second particles may respectively bind a certain proportion of cationic ligands and anionic ligands on the surface of polymer particles, metal particles or metal compound particles having functional groups, so that the amounts of the cations and anions reach a certain proportion.

[0033] The plurality of third particles presenting the third color may not carry charges, or carry a relatively low amount of charge compared to the amounts of the first particles and second particles and carry the same polarity.

[0034] A display panel structure composed of composite material phases, which can achieve more than three colors and has a variable transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present invention, may include: an upper substrate; a lower substrate; an upper electrode disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; a lower electrode disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; and partition walls for defining unit lattice regions formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate; the unit lattice regions respectively include a plurality of first particles presenting a first color, a plurality of second particles presenting a second color, and a plurality of third particles presenting a third color dispersed in a fluid, the plurality of first particles, second particles, and third particles each carry a positive charge and a negative charge simultaneously within one particle, the amounts of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other, and the plurality of first particles, second particles, and third particles achieve the transmission mode by being vertically and horizontally arranged at certain intervals from the upper electrode to the lower electrode.

[0035] A display panel structure composed of composite material phases, which can achieve more than three colors and has a variable transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present invention, may include: an upper substrate; a lower substrate; an upper electrode disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; a lower electrode disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; and an adhesive layer including a plurality of microcapsules formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode; the plurality of microcapsules respectively include a plurality of first particles presenting a first color, a plurality of second particles presenting a second color, and a plurality of third particles presenting a third color dispersed in a fluid, the plurality of first particles, second particles, and third particles each carry a positive charge and a negative charge simultaneously within one particle, the amounts of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other, and the plurality of first particles, second particles, and third particles achieve the transmission mode by being vertically and horizontally arranged at certain intervals from the upper electrode to the lower electrode.

[0036] The plurality of first particles, second particles, and third particles may respectively adopt a particle structure with a core-shell structure, and the shell coated on a part of the surface of the core and the core may respectively carry charges with opposite polarities.

[0037] The amounts of charge of the cores and shells of the plurality of first particles and second particles may be greater than the amounts of charge of the cores and shells of the plurality of third particles.

[0038] The plurality of first particles, second particles, and third particles may respectively bind a certain proportion of cationic ligands and anionic ligands to the surface of polymer particles, metal particles, or metal compound particles having functional groups, so that the amounts of the cation and the anion reach a certain proportion.

[0039] In order to control the mode conversion of a display panel structure composed of composite material phases that can achieve three or more colors according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower electrode can be patterned in each unit lattice on the lower substrate, and each unit lattice can be selectively controlled by adjusting the application time or intensity of the driving voltage, so as to achieve a reflection mode, a transmission mode, or a shielding mode.

[0040] In order to control the mode conversion of a display panel structure composed of composite material phases that can achieve three or more colors according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower electrode can be patterned in one or more unit microcapsules on the lower substrate, and the application time or intensity of the driving voltage of each unit microcapsule can be selectively controlled, so as to achieve a reflection mode, a transmission mode, or a shielding mode.

[0041] A full-color display panel structure composed of composite material phases that can achieve four colors according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: an upper substrate; a lower substrate; an upper electrode disposed on one side of the upper substrate; a lower electrode disposed on one side of the lower substrate; and a partition wall for defining a unit lattice region formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate; the unit lattice region respectively includes a plurality of first particles presenting a first color, a plurality of second particles presenting a second color, a plurality of third particles presenting a third color, and a plurality of fourth particles presenting a fourth color that are dispersed in a fluid, the plurality of first particles and second particles each carry a positive charge and a negative charge in one particle, the amounts of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other, and the plurality of first particles and second particles achieve full color of four colors by being vertically and horizontally arranged at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode.

[0042] A display panel structure composed of composite material phases that can achieve full color with four colors according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: an upper substrate; a lower substrate; an upper electrode disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; a lower electrode disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; and an adhesive layer including a plurality of microcapsules formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode; the plurality of microcapsules respectively include a plurality of first particles presenting a first color, a plurality of second particles presenting a second color, a plurality of third particles presenting a third color, and a plurality of fourth particles presenting a fourth color dispersed in a fluid, the plurality of first particles and second particles respectively carry positive charges and negative charges within one particle, the amounts of the positive charges and negative charges are different from each other, and the plurality of first particles and second particles achieve full color with four colors by being vertically and horizontally arranged at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode.

[0043] The plurality of first particles and second particles may respectively adopt a particle structure with a core-shell structure, and the shell coated on a part of the surface of the core and the core may respectively carry charges with opposite polarities.

[0044] The core of the first particle and the core of the second particle may carry charges with opposite polarities, and the shell of the first particle and the shell of the second particle may carry charges with opposite polarities.

[0045] The plurality of first particles and second particles may respectively bind a certain proportion of cationic ligands and anionic ligands on the surfaces of polymer particles, metal particles or metal compound particles having functional groups, so that the amounts of the cations and anions reach a certain proportion.

[0046] The plurality of third particles presenting the third color and the plurality of fourth particles presenting the fourth color may carry only one of positive charges or negative charges in one particle.

[0047] In order to control the mode conversion of a display panel structure composed of composite material phases that can achieve full color with four colors according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower electrode may be patterned in each unit lattice on the lower substrate, and each unit lattice may be selectively controlled by adjusting the loading time or intensity of the driving voltage, so as to achieve a reflection mode, a transmission mode or a shielding mode.

[0048] In order to control the mode conversion of a display panel structure composed of composite material phases that can achieve full-color with four colors according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower electrode can be patterned in one or more respective unit microcapsules on the lower substrate, and the loading time or the intensity of the driving voltage of each respective unit microcapsule can be selectively controlled, so as to achieve a reflection mode, a transmission mode, or a shielding mode.

[0049] The electric charges of the first particles and the second particles can be relatively larger than those of the third particles and the fourth particles. The driving voltages of the first particles and the second particles can be the same, and they can have a threshold voltage relatively lower than that of the third particles and the fourth particles.

[0050] A display panel structure composed of composite material phases that can achieve full-color with four colors and whose transmission mode is variable according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: an upper substrate; a lower substrate; an upper electrode disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; a lower electrode disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; and a partition wall for defining a unit lattice region formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate; the unit lattice region respectively includes a plurality of first particles presenting a first color, a plurality of second particles presenting a second color, a plurality of third particles presenting a third color, and a plurality of fourth particles presenting a fourth color that are dispersed in a fluid. Each of the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles simultaneously carries a positive charge and a negative charge within one particle, and the amounts of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other. The plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles achieve the transmission mode by being vertically and horizontally arranged at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode.

[0051] A display panel structure composed of composite materials that can achieve full-color with four colors and variable transmission modes according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: an upper substrate; a lower substrate; an upper electrode disposed on one side of the upper substrate; a lower electrode disposed on one side of the lower substrate; and an adhesive layer including a plurality of microcapsules formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode; the plurality of microcapsules respectively include a plurality of first particles presenting a first color, a plurality of second particles presenting a second color, a plurality of third particles presenting a third color, and a plurality of fourth particles presenting a fourth color dispersed in a fluid, the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles each carry a positive charge and a negative charge within one particle, the amounts of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other, and the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles achieve a transmission mode by being vertically and horizontally arranged at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode.

[0052] The plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles may respectively adopt a particle structure with a core-shell structure, and the shell coated on a part of the surface of the core and the core may respectively carry charges with opposite polarities.

[0053] The amounts of charge of the cores and shells of the plurality of first particles and second particles may be greater than the amounts of charge of the cores and shells of the plurality of third particles and fourth particles.

[0054] The plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles may respectively bind a certain proportion of cationic ligands and anionic ligands on the surface of polymer particles, metal particles, or metal compound particles having functional groups, so that the amounts of the cation and the anion reach a certain proportion.

[0055] In order to control the mode conversion of a display panel structure composed of composite materials that can achieve full-color with four colors according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower electrode may be patterned in each unit lattice on the lower substrate, and each unit lattice may be selectively controlled by adjusting the application time or intensity of the driving voltage, so as to achieve a reflection mode, a transmission mode, or a shielding mode.

[0056] In order to control the mode conversion of a display panel structure composed of composite materials that can achieve full-color with four colors according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower electrode may be patterned in one or more unit microcapsules on the lower substrate, and the application time or intensity of the driving voltage of each unit microcapsule may be selectively controlled, so as to achieve a reflection mode, a transmission mode, or a shielding mode.

[0057] The first particles and the second particles may have a relatively low threshold voltage compared to the third particles and the fourth particles. For a driving voltage that is vertically and horizontally arranged at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode, the third particles and the fourth particles may be relatively higher than the first particles and the second particles.

[0058] The display panel structure and its driving method composed of composite material phases to which the present invention is applied have the advantages of being able to achieve full color of two colors, three colors, or four colors and having a variable transmission mode.

[0059] The display panel structure and its driving method to which the present invention is applied can simultaneously achieve a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode. Moreover, when implementing the transmission mode, it is not necessary to pattern fine electrodes within a unit lattice or a sub-lattice to concentrate the electric field in a specific area. The panel can also be fabricated in a microcapsule manner, thereby improving the transmittance without increasing the driving voltage and wire resistance. It also has the advantages of simplifying the panel manufacturing process and saving manufacturing costs.

[0060] The display panel structure and its driving method to which the present invention is applied can stably and highly reproducibly control the shielding mode, the reflection mode, and the transmission mode even without applying a complex high-frequency high voltage and without a complex driving waveform. Therefore, a high-configured driving chip is not required, and it also has the advantages of reducing the power consumed in the driving board and lowering the manufacturing cost.

[0061] The display panel structure and its driving method to which the present invention is applied, even when no electric field is applied, a single particle simultaneously carries a positive charge and a negative charge. Therefore, a high voltage / high frequency for particle classification is not required, and the process for switching to the transmission mode is simple. It also has the advantages of being able to shorten the update time of an image or information without reducing the lifespan of the particles and being able to expand the variable range of the transmittance and the achievable gradient range.

[0062] The display panel structure and its driving method to which the present invention is applied do not require a color filter that causes a decline in optical characteristics to achieve full color of two or more colors, three or more colors, or four colors. It also has the advantage of not requiring separate injection of particles of different colors into sub-lattices.

[0063] The display panel structure and its driving method to which the present invention is applied can also fabricate the panel in a microcapsule manner. Therefore, the manufacturing process can be simplified and manufacturing costs can be saved. It also has the advantage of being able to achieve multiple colors while improving color reproducibility without causing a decline in optical characteristics.

[0064] The display panel structure and its driving method applicable to the present invention are composed of a composite material phase, and also have the advantage of being able to achieve full color by using four types of color particles.

[0065] The display panel structure and its driving method applicable to the present invention, which can achieve multiple colors and perform a transmissive mode function, do not require a color filter that causes a decline in optical properties for color implementation, and do not require separate injection of particles of different colors into sub-lattices. The panel can also be fabricated in a microcapsule manner, thus simplifying the manufacturing process and saving manufacturing costs. Moreover, it has the advantage of improving color reproducibility without causing a decline in optical properties.

[0066] The display panel structure and its driving method applicable to the present invention, which can achieve multiple colors and perform a transmissive mode function, can also perform a shielding mode function with multiple colors, and can display more complex and accurate images or information compared with the prior art. Therefore, it has the advantage of being able to expand the range of applicable products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] Figure 1 a and Figure 1 b are cross-sectional views illustrating the panel structure of an existing transmissivity variable display screen.

[0068] Figure 2 a and Figure 2 b are cross-sectional views illustrating the panel structure of an existing display screen that can achieve a shielding mode / reflection mode / transmissive mode.

[0069] Figure 3 a, Figure 3 b, Figure 3 c and Figure 3 d are cross-sectional views illustrating the structure of an existing display panel that uses dielectrophoresis of particles and fluid to achieve a shielding mode / reflection mode / transmissive mode.

[0070] Figure 4 a and Figure 4 b are schematic diagrams illustrating the cross-section of particles showing the particle structure of an embodiment applicable to the present invention.

[0071] Figure 5 a, Figure 5 b and Figure 5 c are cross-sectional views of a display panel structure including two types of color particles according to an embodiment applicable to the present invention.

[0072] Figure 6 a, Figure 6 b, Figure 6 c and Figure 6d is a cross-sectional view of a display panel structure that incorporates two types of color particles and realizes a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 7 a, Figure 7 b, Figure 7 c and Figure 7 d is a cross-sectional view of a display panel structure that incorporates two types of color particles and realizes a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] Figure 8 a, Figure 8 b and Figure 8 c are photos demonstrating the shielding mode (8a), the reflection mode (8b), and the transmission mode (8c) of a display panel film fabricated according to an embodiment of Figure 6 a, Figure 6 b, Figure 6 c and Figure 6 d.

[0075] Figure 9 a, Figure 9 b and Figure 9 c are photos demonstrating the shielding mode, the reflection mode, and the transmission mode of a display panel film fabricated according to an embodiment of Figure 7 a, Figure 7 b, Figure 7 c and Figure 7 d.

[0076] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of a microcapsule-type panel structure that realizes a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode by adjusting the intensity (pulse magnitude) of a driving voltage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0077] Figure 11 a, Figure 11 b and Figure 11 c is a cross-sectional view illustrating a reflective display panel structure that can achieve three colors and its driving method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0078] Figure 12 a, Figure 12 b, Figure 12 c and Figure 12 d is a cross-sectional view illustrating a full-color reflective display panel structure that can achieve four colors and its driving method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0079] Figure 13 a, Figure 13 b and Figure 13Figure c is a cross-sectional view illustrating a reflective display panel structure capable of achieving three colors and its driving method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0080] Figure 14 a, Figure 14 b, Figure 14 c and Figure 14 d are test results of driving a reflective color display panel film fabricated in Figure 13 using three types of particles, and are photos demonstrating three colors.

[0081] Figure 15 Figure is a cross-sectional view illustrating a microcapsule-type display panel structure capable of achieving three colors according to an embodiment of the present invention and a schematic diagram illustrating its driving method.

[0082] Figure 16 Figure is a photo of a microcapsule-type film and a display panel capable of achieving three colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0083] Figure 17 a, Figure 17 b, Figure 17 c and Figure 17 d are cross-sectional views illustrating a display panel structure capable of achieving four colors and its driving method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0084] Figure 18 a, Figure 18 b, Figure 18 c, Figure 18 d and Figure 18 e are cross-sectional views illustrating a display panel structure capable of achieving four colors and having a variable transmissive mode and its driving method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0085] Figure 19 a and Figure 19 b are cross-sectional views illustrating a display panel structure capable of achieving three colors and having a variable transmissive mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0086] Figure 20 Figure is a cross-sectional view illustrating a microcapsule-type display panel structure capable of achieving four colors and having a variable transmissive mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation mode

[0087] The present invention can be variously modified and can have various embodiments. Next, specific embodiments will be illustrated in the accompanying drawings and will be described in detail in the detailed description. The effects, features, and methods for achieving them of the present invention will be further clarified by referring to the embodiments described in detail in combination with the accompanying drawings in the subsequent content. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed in the following content, but can be implemented in various different forms.

[0088] Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the process of describing with reference to the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the same or corresponding components, and the repeated descriptions related thereto will be omitted.

[0089] In the following embodiments, terms such as first, second, etc. do not have a limiting meaning, but are only used to distinguish one component from other components. In addition, in the following embodiments, unless clearly mentioned in the context, singular statements also include plural meanings.

[0090] In the following embodiments, terms such as including or having are only used to indicate the existence of the features or components described in the specification, and do not preclude the possibility of adding one or more other features or components in advance.

[0091] Figure 4 a and Figure 4 b are schematic diagrams illustrating the cross-section of particles showing the particle structure of one embodiment to which the present invention is applied.

[0092] Referring to Figure 4 a and Figure 4 b, the structure of the particles to which the present invention is applied is different from the particle structure in which the particles are only polarized by electrorheology when an electric field is applied. It adopts a structure in which all the particles 403 and 404 can maintain the state of carrying positive charges and negative charges even in the state where no electric field is applied.

[0093] At this time, the feature of the present invention is that the amounts of positive charges and negative charges carried by one particle 403 or 404 are set to be different from each other.

[0094] Referring to Figure 4 a, as a method for enabling one particle 403 to carry both positive charges and negative charges at the same time, a particle structure adopting a core-shell structure can be applied. As Figure 4As shown in Fig. a, first, the particle 403 serving as the core is made to have a negative charge state, and then a positively charged shell material is coated on a part of the particle surface. At this time, one particle 403 can carry both positive and negative charges. Or conversely, a negatively charged shell material can also be coated on a part of the core of the positively charged particle 403.

[0095] As another method, as Figure 4 shown in Fig. b, in order to make the amounts of cations and anions in the particle 404 reach a certain ratio, a certain ratio of cationic ligands and anionic ligands can be reacted and bonded (ionic bond, covalent bond or coordination bond) on the surface of the core particle 404 such as polymer particles, metals or metal compounds having functional groups.

[0096] At this time, the core, the shell material and the ligands can be organic, polymeric, inorganic or metal compounds, and can absorb light or reflect (or scatter) light. In addition, they can be reflective substances such as metal particles or color particles. As long as they are particle structures that can carry both cations and anions, the form, material and manufacturing method of the particles are not particularly limited.

[0097] Generally speaking, by adjusting the types of the core, the shell material and the ligands, the coating time of the shell material, the reaction time with the ligands, the ratio of the coated shell material or ligands to the core material (such as mass ratio, volume ratio, surface area ratio and molar ratio, etc.), the additives in the fluid, the types and amounts of charge regulators (which can also be used as the material of the ligands) and the types and amounts of surfactants (which can also be used as the material of the ligands), the amounts of the positively charged region and the negatively charged region in one particle can be set to be different from each other. That is, the charge amount of the core particle and the charge amount of the substance coated on the surface of the core particle can be adjusted, or the charge amounts of the cationic ligands and anionic ligands on the surface of the core particle can be adjusted.

[0098] The charge regulation includes at least one of a positive charge regulator and a negative charge regulator. As the positive charge regulator, azine type, quaternary ammonium salts and positively charged plasticizers can be used, while as the negative charge regulator, tert-butyl salicylate type (for example, tert-butyl zinc salicylate, tert-butyl calcium salicylate), azo type and negatively charged plasticizers can be used.

[0099] As the surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant or an amphoteric surfactant can be used. As the hydrophilic group of the anionic surfactant, it includes carboxylic acid (-COOH), sulfate (-O-SO3H), sulfonic acid (-SO3H), and as the hydrophobic group, it includes alkyl or hydrocarbon groups such as isoalkyl, benzene ring and naphthalene ring. For example, Medialan A, soap of naphthenic acid, rosin, CMC, Emulphor STH, Mersolate, Aerosol, Igepon T, ABS, Nekal A, BX, Gardinol, Turkey red oil, Arctic Syntex, Vel, Igepon B, Gardinol GY and Tergitol P can be used.

[0100] As the hydrophilic group of the cationic surfactant, most are simple ammonium salts and quaternary ammonium salts containing primary amine to tertiary amine obtained by salting, and also contain a very small amount of so-called onium compounds such as phosphonium salts and sulfonium salts. Among them, quaternary ammonium salts are particularly important. As the five Ns, it not only includes those that can be bonded to chain alkyl, but also includes cyclic nitrogen-containing compounds such as pyridinium salts or quinolinium salts, especially heterocyclic compounds such as imidazolinium salts. For example, primary amine salts, secondary amine salts, tertiary amine salts, Sapamin CH, Aquard, Decamine, Sapamin MS, Benzalkonium chloride, Hyamine, Repellat, Emcol E-607, Ze1an A, Velan PF, Isotan Q-16 and Myxal can be used.

[0101] As the amphoteric surfactant, a soap in the form that contains a -COOH group or -SO3H group, -OSO3H group as the negative ion in the molecule and only contains an amine, especially a nitrogen group in the quaternary ammonium form as the cation can be used.

[0102] Figure 5 a, Figure 5 b and Figure 5 c are cross-sectional views of a display panel structure that illustrate the electrobehavior characteristics of particles that simultaneously carry positive and negative charges in a single particle according to the voltage intensity or voltage application time applied in a transparent fluid in an embodiment to which the present invention is applied.

[0103] Figure 6 a, Figure 6 b, Figure 6 c and Figure 6 d are those of an embodiment to which the present invention is applied using Figure 5The cross-sectional view of the display panel structure that realizes the shielding mode, reflection mode, and transmission mode by adjusting the application time (pulse width) of the driving voltage for the electrical behavior characteristics of the particles illustrated in

[0104] Figure 7 a, Figure 7 b, Figure 7 c and Figure 7 d are cross-sectional views of the display panel structure that realizes the shielding mode, reflection mode, and transmission mode by the intensity (pulse magnitude) of the driving voltage for the electrical behavior characteristics of the particles illustrated in Figure 5 In

[0105] In Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 the first particles 503, 603, 703 and the second particles 508, 608, 708 have contrasting colors, and the core particles and shell materials of the two particles have polarities with opposite signs.

[0106] The lower electrodes are patterned in each unit lattice on the lower substrate, and the reflection mode, transmission mode, or shielding mode is realized by selectively controlling each unit lattice by adjusting the application time (pulse width) of the driving voltage or the intensity (pulse magnitude) of the driving voltage.

[0107] In Figure 5 the particle that is the core of the first particle (white) 503 has a negative charge, and the material coated on the core particle has a positive charge. At this time, the negative charge value carried by the core particle is set to be greater than the positive charge value carried by the material coated on the surface of the core particle. The particle that is the core of the second particle (black) 508 has a positive charge, and the coating material has a negative charge. At this time, the positive charge value carried by the core particle is set to be greater than the negative charge value carried by the material coated on the surface of the core particle.

[0108] In Figure 5 a, if the charge amounts of the core particles of the first particle (white) 503 and the second particle (black) 508 are similar, the two core particles with polarities of opposite signs will have the same threshold voltage. In addition, since the charge value of the material coated on the core particle is lower than that of the core particle, the threshold voltage of the coating material will be higher than that of the core particle. Therefore, when an electric field is formed by applying a voltage equivalent to the threshold voltage of the two core particles from the outside, the charge carried by the core particle will be affected first, and the two particles will exhibit as shown in Figure 5The behavioral characteristics by means of electrophoresis shown in Fig. b. That is, the first particles and the second particles will move towards the electrode to which a voltage with a sign opposite to the polarity of the nuclear particles is applied.

[0109] By exhibiting the above-described electrophoresis behavioral characteristics, according to the color of the particles located in the display section, it is possible to achieve Figure 6 Fig. Figure 7 a and Figure 6 Fig. Figure 7 b as shown in the shielding mode (or absorption mode) and the reflection mode as shown in

[0110] Refer to Figure 6 Fig. Figure 7 c and

[0111] c. If the amount of charge carried by the coating material is greater than the amount of charge carried by the nuclear particles, the coating material will have a relatively lower threshold voltage compared to the nuclear particles. Moreover, when an electric field is formed by applying the threshold voltage of the coating material, the first particles and the second particles will exhibit electrophoresis corresponding to the polarity of the charge carried by the coating material. Figure 6 Figure 7 When the voltage application time is greater than the voltage application time for achieving the shielding mode or absorption mode by means of electrophoresis ( Figure 5 Fig. c) or the intensity of the driving voltage is higher than the applied threshold voltage (

[0112] Fig.

[0113] This is different from the prior art, that isFigure 3 The transmission mode in which a chain structure is formed by the electro-rheological properties of particles as shown in e is completely different in terms of particle structure and driving mechanism.

[0114] The particles applicable in the present invention carry both positive and negative charges, and the regions with positive charges and the regions with negative charges within the particles are physically separated from each other. In contrast, Figure 3 the particles shown in e carry only one of positive or negative charges, so the structures of the particles are different from each other.

[0115] In addition, Figure 3 the particles shown in e achieve the transmission mode by means of dipole-dipole interaction, through the aggregation or polarization phenomenon of particles with dipole moments in an electric field to form chains.

[0116] In contrast, in Figure 5 c, Figure 6 c and Figure 7 c, between the two electrodes, the particles 503, 603, 703, 508, 608, 708 will be vertically arranged at a certain particle interval, and gaps will be formed between the side-by-side arranged particles due to repulsive forces, and the light incident from the outside can pass through the gaps, thereby achieving the transmission mode by means of a certain vertical arrangement and a certain horizontal arrangement of the particles.

[0117] That is, even without using a complex driving method ( Figure 3 e) with high voltage and high frequency and without performing electrode patterning in the unit lattice or sub-lattice ( Figure 1 b, Figure 2 d and Figure 3 c), the transmission mode can be stably achieved.

[0118] Figure 8 a, Figure 8 b and Figure 8 c are photos of a display panel film manufactured according to an embodiment of Figure 6 a, Figure 6 b, Figure 6 c and Figure 6 d, demonstrating the shielding mode (8a), reflection mode (8b) and transmission mode (8c) by adjusting the time (pulse width) of the applied driving voltage by applying the driving method of the present invention.

[0119] Refer to Figure 8a, Figure 8 b and Figure 8 c, using transparent electrodes 604, 606 and substrates 600, 605, and then making a panel by mixing and dispersing first white particles 603 and second black particles 608 into a transparent fluid 602 and filling the unit lattice therewith.

[0120] At this time, the core particles of the first particles (white) 603 carry negative charges while the coating substances carry positive charges, and the negative charge value carried by the core particles is greater than the positive charge value carried by the substances coated on the surface of the core particles. The core particles of the second particles (black) 608 carry positive charges while the coating substances carry negative charges, and the positive charge value carried by the core particles is greater than the negative charge value carried by the substances coated on the surface of the core particles. In addition, the overall charge amounts of the first particles 603 and the second particles 608 are similar.

[0121] Refer to Figure 6 a and Figure 8 a. As a result of applying a voltage of -7.9 V for 500 ms to the transparent electrode 604 corresponding to the upper part of the display unit, the black particles 608 with core particles carrying positive charges will move to the upper electrode 604, absorb the light 607 incident from the outside 609, and thereby present a black image, thus performing the function of the shielding mode.

[0122] Refer to Figure 6 b and Figure 8 b. To test whether the function of the reflection mode can be performed, which absorbs visible light of a specific wavelength in the light 607 incident from the outside according to the color of the particles and thereby presents a color, as a result of applying a voltage of +7.9 V for 500 ms to the transparent electrode 604 corresponding to the upper part of the display unit, the white particles 603 with core particles carrying negative charges will move to the upper part, reflect the light 607 incident from the outside 609, and thereby present a white image.

[0123] Refer to Figure 6 c and Figure 8 c. As a result of extending the time of applying a voltage of +7.9 V to the upper electrode 04 of the display unit to 2 s, the particles 603, 608 will be vertically and horizontally arranged from the upper electrode to the lower electrode, so that the light of the light-emitting diode (LED) can pass through the lower substrate of the panel to the upper substrate, and thus the digital image presented by the light of the light-emitting diode (LED) can be confirmed. In addition, when a driving voltage of -7.9 V is applied to the display unit for 2 s, the function of the transmission mode is also achieved.

[0124] Figure 9 a, Figure 9 b and Figure 9 c are made usingFigure 7 a, Figure 67, Figure 7 c, and Figure 7 d, a display panel film fabricated according to an embodiment, and a photograph demonstrating the shielding mode, reflection mode, and transmission mode of a display screen achieved by adjusting the intensity (pulse size) of a driving voltage by applying the driving method of the present invention.

[0125] Refer to Figure 9 and Figure 7 , a panel is fabricated using transparent electrodes 704, 706, and substrates 700, 705, and black 708 and white particles 703 are filled into unit lattices in a transparent fluid 702 to fabricate the panel.

[0126] In Figure 9 , to confirm whether the function of the shielding mode for absorbing or reflecting light incident from the outside and the function of the reflection mode according to the color of the particles can be performed, as a result of applying a driving voltage of -8V to the transparent electrode corresponding to the upper part of the display unit for 500 ms, the black particles with positively charged core particles will move to the upper part to absorb the light incident from the outside and thereby present a black image ( Figure 9 b and Figure 9 d), and as a result of applying a driving voltage of +8V to the upper transparent electrode for 500 ms, the white particles with negatively charged core particles will move to the upper part to reflect the light incident from the outside and thereby present a white image ( Figure 9 a and Figure 9 e).

[0127] In addition, to confirm whether the function of the transmission mode can be performed by adjusting the intensity of the applied voltage, after arranging printed characters on the back surface of the panel and applying a driving voltage of +15V to the upper electrode for 500 ms, the particles are vertically and horizontally arranged from the upper electrode to the lower electrode, so that the light incident from the outside passes through the upper substrate to the lower substrate and reaches the printed characters arranged on the back surface of the panel, thereby enabling confirmation of the image reflected by the printed characters ( Figure 9 f).

[0128] In addition, when applying a driving voltage of -15V to the display unit for 500 ms, the function of the transmission mode can also be achieved ( Figure 9 c).

[0129] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of a panel structure that applies an embodiment of the present invention and achieves a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode through a microcapsule-type panel structure and by adjusting the intensity (pulse size) of a driving voltage.

[0130] Refer to Figure 10, it is possible to Figure 6 and Figure 7 The present invention, which describes a method of fabricating a panel by using partition walls 601 and 701 to form a unit lattice or sub-lattice, is applicable to a panel structure in which a display layer is formed by microencapsulating particles 1003 and 1008 dispersed in a transparent fluid 1002. Moreover, as a driving method, it is also possible to use the method described above of adjusting the time and intensity of the applied voltage to achieve, for example, a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode.

[0131] Since the particles 1003 and 1008 dispersed in the transparent fluid exhibit electrophoretic characteristics according to the direction, intensity, and duration of the electric field formed when a voltage is applied from the outside, the particles can also exhibit different behavioral characteristics according to the voltage applied to the patterned lower electrode in each separated capsule space.

[0132] Figure 11 a, Figure 11 b, and Figure 11 c are cross-sectional views illustrating a reflective display panel structure capable of achieving three colors and its driving method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0133] Refer to Figure 11 a, Figure 11 b, and Figure 11 c. The first particles 1003 having a negative charge and exhibiting a first color and the second particles 1008 having a positive charge and exhibiting a second color are used. The first particles 1003 and the second particles 1008 are to maximize the dielectrophoretic phenomenon by means of high voltage and high frequency described in the above in combination with Figure 3 and their dielectric constant should be set to be greater than that of the transparent fluid 1102.

[0134] In addition, in order to achieve a third color, particles 1112 that do not carry a positive charge or a negative charge or carry a very low charge value and exhibit a third color are used. At this time, in order to avoid being affected by the dielectrophoretic phenomenon, the dielectric constant of the third particles 1112 should be lower than that of the transparent fluid and the first particles 1003 and the second particles 1008.

[0135] In Figure 11 a, Figure 11 b, and Figure 11In C, when a threshold voltage sufficient to affect the charge values carried by the first particle 1003 and the second particle 1008 is externally loaded, the positively charged first particle 1103 will move towards the electrode with a negative-sign voltage, and the negatively charged second particle 1108 will move towards the electrode with a positive-sign voltage. At this time, according to the color of the particles located at the upper electrode corresponding to the display portion, as Figure 11 a and Figure 11 b show, the first (black) and second (white) colors can be presented respectively. When an electric field is formed by the threshold voltages of the first particle 1103 and the second particle 1108, the third particle 1112 with a relatively extremely low charge amount or no polarity will not exhibit electrical behavior characteristics but will maintain a dispersed state in the fluid 1102.

[0136] When a high voltage higher than the threshold voltages of the first particle 1103 and the second particle 1108 is loaded at a high frequency, as Figure 11 c shows, by means of the non-uniform electric field, the first particle 1103 and the second particle 1108 will move irregularly through the dielectrophoresis phenomenon and gradually be located at the edges of the unit lattice and even the sub-lattice. However, the third particle 1112 with a relatively low dielectric constant can maintain the state of being dispersed in the fluid 1102, thereby presenting the third color.

[0137] The Figure 11 a, Figure 11 b and Figure 11 c of the present invention can also be applied to the microcapsule-type panel structure illustrated in Figure 10 .

[0138] Figure 12 a, Figure 12 b, Figure 12 c and Figure 12 d are cross-sectional views illustrating a full-color reflective display panel structure capable of realizing four colors and its driving method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0139] Refer to Figure 12 a and Figure 12b. To achieve four colors through the present invention, first particles 1203 with negative charges and presenting a first color, second particles 1208 with positive charges and presenting a second color, third particles 1212 with negative charges and presenting a third color, and fourth particles 1213 with positive charges and presenting a fourth color are used. The electric charge amounts and dielectric constants of the first particles 1203 and the second particles 1208 should be greater than those of the third particles 1212 and the fourth particles 1213. That is, because the electric charge amounts carried by the first particles 1203 and the second particles 1208 are greater than those of the third particles 1212 and the fourth particles 1213, they have a relatively low threshold voltage. When a high voltage is externally applied at a high frequency, the first particles 1203 and the second particles 1208 with relatively high dielectric constants will exhibit behavior characteristics by dielectrophoresis earlier than the third particles 1212 and the fourth particles 1213.

[0140] For the reasons described above, when the first threshold voltage that can cause the first particles 1203 and the second particles 1208 to act is applied, the negatively charged first particles 1203 will move towards the electrode with a positive sign voltage applied, and the positively charged second particles 1208 will move towards the electrode with a negative sign voltage applied, thereby presenting the first color and the second color in the manner shown in Figure 12 a and Figure 12 b.

[0141] Refer to Figure 12 c and Figure 12 d. When the minimum high frequency and high voltage that can cause the first particles 1203 and the second particles 1208 to exhibit behavior characteristics by dielectrophoresis are applied, the first particles 1203 and the second particles 1208 will be located at the edges of the unit lattice or sub-lattice, while the third particles 1212 and the fourth particles 1213 will remain in a state of being dispersed in the fluid 1202. By immediately applying a second threshold voltage that can cause electrophoresis of the third particles 1212 and the fourth particles 1213, whose driving voltage is higher than the threshold voltages of the first particles 1203 and the second particles 1208, after the first particles 1203 and the second particles 1208 are located at the edges of the unit lattice or sub-lattice by dielectrophoresis, the third particles 1212 and the fourth particles 1213 located at the positions closest to the two electrodes 1204 and 1206 will act first, thereby, in the manner shown in Figure 12 c and Figure 12 d, the positively charged third particles 1212 will move towards the electrode with a negative sign voltage applied, and the negatively charged fourth particles 1213 will move towards the electrode with a positive sign voltage applied, thereby enabling the realization of the third color and the fourth color.

[0142] In Figure 12 a, Figure 12 b, Figure 12 c and Figure 12 d, when the four types of applicable particles have the colors magenta, cyan, yellow, and white respectively, full color can be achieved by combining the colors of the color particles.

[0143] In addition, the present invention of Figure 12 a, Figure 12 b, Figure 12 c and Figure 12 d can also be applied to the microcapsule type panel structure illustrated in Figure 10 .

[0144] Figure 13 a, Figure 13 b and Figure 13 c are cross-sectional views illustrating a reflective display panel structure capable of achieving three colors and its driving method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0145] Figure 13 a, Figure 13 b and Figure 13 c relate to a reflective color display panel structure capable of achieving three colors and its driving method using a method different from that of Figure 11 a, Figure 11 b and Figure 11 c. The first particles 1303 and the second particles 1308 that exhibit the first color and the second color need to have opposite charges on the core particles and the substances coated on the core particles, so as to adopt a form with both positive and negative charges in one particle, and the core particles and the coating substances need to have different charge values. In addition, the third particles 1312 that exhibit the third color and are dispersed in the transparent fluid 1302 together with the first particles 1303 and the second particles 1308 should not have polarity, or should have either positive or negative polarity even when having polarity, and their charge values should also be extremely low.

[0146] Refer to Figure 13 a and Figure 13b. The core particles of the first particles 1303 presenting the first color carry a negative charge while the coating material carries a positive charge. The core particles of the second particles 1308 presenting the second color carry a positive charge while the coating material carries a negative charge. The third particles 1312 presenting the third color do not carry a positive or negative charge or have a charge value extremely low compared to the charge values of the first particles 1303 and the second particles 1308. At this time, the first particles 1303 and the second particles 1308 are set to have similar charge amounts and the charge value of the core particles is greater than that of the coating material. That is, the third particles 1312 will not be affected by the first driving voltage and the second driving voltage.

[0147] When an electric field is formed by applying the threshold voltages of the first particles 1303 and the second particles 1308 from the outside, since the charge values of the first core particles and the second core particles are greater than the charge value of the material coated on the core particles, their driving voltages are relatively low, so that the electric field first affects the charges carried by the core particles, and as Figure 13 a and Figure 13 b show, the first particles 1303 and the second particles 1308 will first exhibit an electrophoresis phenomenon related to the polarity of the charges carried by the core particles.

[0148] That is, the first particles 1303 and the second particles 1308 will move towards the electrode to which a voltage with a sign opposite to the polarity carried by the core particles is applied. At this time, according to the colors of the first particles 1303 and the second particles 1308 located in the display unit, the first color and the second color can be achieved.

[0149] Refer to Figure 13c, when the voltage is continuously applied or the intensity of the applied voltage is increased after the first particle and the second particle move to the upper electrode 1304 and the lower electrode 1306, respectively, the electric field will not only affect the core particles of the first particle 1303 and the second particle 1308, but also affect the charges carried by the coating material. At the moment when the intensity of the electric field has a sufficient impact on the charges carried by the coating material, a characteristic will appear that the core particles with negative charges and the coating material in one particle attempt to move towards the electrode with a positive voltage, while the core particles with positive charges and the coating material attempt to move towards the electrode with a negative voltage. At this time, in the first particle 1303 and the second particle 1308, two adjacent and different particles will exhibit completely different motions according to the approaching angle. When one particle approaches the lower side of another particle and is arranged close to a perpendicular state with respect to the bipolar direction, the positively charged region in the particle will encounter the negatively charged region in the other particle and form an attractive force that attracts each other. On the contrary, when one particle is arranged side by side next to another particle, the negatively charged particle regions in the particles and the negatively charged regions in the other particle, as well as the positively charged particle regions in the particles and the positively charged regions in the other particle, will be arranged side by side, and a repulsive force that repels each other will be formed between the two particles. The particles moving under the action of the above-mentioned attractive and repulsive forces will gradually approach each other due to the action of the attractive force. Finally, between the two electrodes, the first particle 1303 and the second particle 1308 are vertically arranged and horizontally arranged. However, the third particle 1312 with an extremely low charge amount or no polarity can maintain a dispersed state in the transparent fluid, thereby realizing the third color.

[0150] Figure 14 a, Figure 14 b, Figure 14 c and Figure 14 d are the test results of driving a reflective color display panel film manufactured by using three types of particle driving in Figure 13 and are photos demonstrating three colors.

[0151] See Figure 14 a, Figure 14 b, Figure 14 c and Figure 13 , the core particles of the first particle 1303 presenting white carry negative charges while the coating material carries positive charges, the core particles of the second particle 1308 presenting black carry positive charges while the coating material carries negative charges, and the third particle presenting light green has a single polarity with negative charges in one particle and its charge value is extremely low compared with the charge values carried by the first particle and the second particle.

[0152] Figure 14 a, Figure 14 b andFigure 14 c is a photograph of three colors achieved by adjusting the direction of the electric field and the intensity of the voltage. As a result of sequentially applying the threshold voltages of +8V and -8V and the driving voltage of -15V higher than the threshold voltage to the upper electrode for the first and second particles, under the condition of +8V, white particles with negatively charged core particles will be located on the surface of the upper electrode and thereby present a white image. Under the condition of -8V, black particles with positively charged core particles will be located on the surface of the upper electrode and thereby present a black image. And under the condition of -15V, the first and second particles will be vertically and horizontally arranged and light green will be achieved through the third particles thus exposed. In addition, light green can also be achieved under the condition of +15V.

[0153] Refer to Figure 14 d and Figure 13 , is a photograph of three colors achieved by adjusting the direction of the electric field and the time of applying the voltage. The core particles of the first particles 1303 presenting white have negatively charged cores and the coating materials have positively charged cores. The core particles of the second particles 1308 presenting black have positively charged cores and the coating materials have negatively charged cores. And the third particles 1312 presenting pink have a single polarity with negatively charged cores in one particle and the charge value is extremely low compared to the charge values of the first and second particles. As a result of adjusting the pulse width based on the response time of 250ms required for the first and second particles to move to the upper / lower electrodes under the driving voltages of +10V and -10V and then applying the voltage, under the condition of +10V (250ms), white particles with negatively charged core particles will be located on the surface of the upper electrode and thereby present a white image. And under the condition of four times the pulse width, i.e., -10V (1s), the first and second particles will be vertically arranged and pink will be achieved through the third particles thus exposed. In addition, pink can also be achieved under the condition of +10V (1.5s).

[0154] Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a microcapsule-type display panel structure and its driving method that can achieve three colors according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is the result of applying the method of achieving three colors in a unit lattice type in Figure 13 and Figure 14 to the microcapsule type structure.

[0155] Figure 16 is according to Figure 15 a photograph of a microcapsule-type film and a display panel that can achieve three colors made according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0156] In order to fabricate the display panel in the microcapsule type shown in Figure 15 , as in Figure 16As shown in (a), first particles 1503, second particles 1508, and third particles 1512 with different colors are respectively dispersed in a transparent fluid, encapsulated into capsules 1510, and then mixed into an adhesive or bonding layer 1511. Next, a microcapsule film is fabricated by coating the mixture onto a substrate 1500 made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) material coated with a transparent electrode 1511. At this time, the particles used are the same as those applicable in Figure 14 which is applicable.

[0157] The microcapsule film fabricated in the above-described manner (which also serves as a display unit and an upper substrate) is laminated with a segmented flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) used as a lower substrate to fabricate a microcapsule panel with the structure shown in Figure 15 the figure. Moreover, as a result of driving after adjusting the application time and intensity of the driving voltage according to the driving method described in Figure 15 it is possible to achieve three colors as shown in Figure 16 a, Figure 16 b, Figure 16 c, and Figure 16 d.

[0158] Figure 17 a, Figure 17 b, Figure 17 c, and Figure 17 d are cross-sectional views illustrating the structure and driving method of a display panel capable of achieving four colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0159] Referring to Figure 17 a, Figure 17 b, Figure 17 c, and Figure 17 d, a panel structure is adopted in which four types of particles with different colors are dispersed in a transparent fluid and then filled into a unit lattice. By making the core particles of the first particles 1703 and the second particles 1708 and the substances coated on the core particles carry opposite-sign charges, a state in which a single particle carries both positive and negative charges is formed, and the core particles and the coated substances have different charge values. In addition, the third particles 1712 and the fourth particles 1713 carry only one of the polarities of positive or negative charge in a single particle.

[0160] Referring to Figure 17 a, Figure 17 b, Figure 17 c, and Figure 17d. Set the charge values of the first particle 1703 and the second particle 1708 carried by the first nuclear particle and the second nuclear particle to be greater than the charge value of the coating material. The nuclear particle of the first particle 1703 carries a negative charge while the coating material carries a positive charge, and the nuclear particle of the second particle 1708 carries a positive charge while the coating material carries a negative charge. In addition, set the third particle 1712 to carry a negative charge and the fourth particle 1713 to carry a positive charge. In addition, the charge amounts of the first particle 1703 and the second particle 1708 are set to be greater than the charge amounts of the third particle 1712 and the fourth particle 1713. That is, in ​ a, ​ b, ​ c and ​ d, set the driving voltages of the first particle and the second particle to be the same and have a relatively lower threshold voltage compared to the third particle and the fourth particle.

[0161] In ​ a, ​ b, ​ c and ​ d, when an electric field is formed by applying a voltage equivalent to the threshold voltages of the first particle and the second particle, it will first affect the charges carried by the first nuclear particle and the second nuclear particle. Therefore, the first particle 1703 and the second particle 1708 will, according to the polarity of the charges carried by the nuclear particles, exhibit behavior characteristics by means of electrophoresis as shown in ​ a and ​ b.

[0162] That is, the first particle 1703 and the second particle 1708 will move towards the electrode with a voltage of the opposite sign to the polarity of the charge carried by the nuclear particle, and since the applied voltage is lower than the threshold voltages of the third particle and the fourth particle, the third particle and the fourth particle will remain in a dispersed state within the fluid 1702. Utilizing the above-described behavior characteristics of electrophoresis, as shown in ​ a and ​ b, the first color and the second color can be achieved according to the colors of the particles located in the display section.

[0163] Refer to ​ c and ​d. When driving voltages higher than the threshold voltages of the first and second particles, i.e., the third and fourth threshold voltages, are applied, the electric field affects not only the core particles of the first particle 1703 and the second particle 1708, but also the charges carried by the coating material. Therefore, it exhibits the characteristic that the core particles with negative charges and the coating material in a particle move towards the electrode with a positive voltage applied, while the core particles with positive charges and the coating material move towards the electrode with a negative voltage applied. Moreover, in the first particle 1703 and the second particle 1708, two adjacent and different particles exhibit completely different motions according to the approaching angle. When a particle approaches the lower side of another particle and is arranged close to a perpendicular state with respect to the bipolar direction, the positively charged region in the particle will encounter the negatively charged region in the other particle and form an attractive force that attracts each other. On the contrary, when a particle is arranged side by side next to another particle, the negatively charged particle regions in the particles and the positively charged particle regions in the particles will be arranged side by side, and a repulsive force that repels each other will be formed between the two particles. The particles moving under the action of the above-mentioned attractive and repulsive forces will gradually approach each other due to the action of the attractive force. Eventually, between the two electrodes, the first particle 1703 and the second particle 1708 are vertically arranged and horizontally arranged.

[0164] At this time, the third particle 1712 and the fourth particle 1713 with a single polarity will move towards the upper and lower electrodes with a voltage of the opposite sign to the polarity of the charge, thereby realizing the third color and the fourth color according to the color of the particles located in the display section.

[0165] In ​ a, ​ b, ​ c and ​ d, when the four types of particles applicable respectively have the colors of magenta, cyan, yellow, and white, full color can be achieved by means of the color combination of the color particles. Moreover, the particle structure and driving method as described above can also be applied to the microcapsule type display panel structure.

[0166] ​ a, ​ b, ​ c, ​ d and ​ e are cross-sectional views illustrating a display panel structure capable of realizing four colors and having a variable transmission mode and its driving method.

[0167] See ​ a,​ b, ​ c, ​ d and ​ e, a panel structure is adopted in which four types of particles with different colors are dispersed in a transparent fluid and then filled into a unit lattice. All four types of particles should be in a form where a particle has both positive and negative charges simultaneously by setting the polarity of the charge carried by the core particle to be opposite to the polarity of the charge carried by the substance coated on the core particle.

[0168] In ​ a, ​ b, ​ c, ​ d and ​ e, the charge values of the core particles of the four types of particles (the first color particle, the second color particle, the third color particle, and the fourth color particle) are set to be greater than the charge value of the coating substance. The core particles of the first particle 1803 and the third particle 1812 carry negative charges while the coating substance carries positive charges, and the core particles of the second particle 1808 and the fourth particle 1813 carry positive charges while the coating substance carries negative charges. In addition, it is set that the charge values of the core particles and the coating substance of the first particle and the second particle are greater than the charge values of the core particles and the coating substance of the third particle and the fourth particle. Therefore, the core particles of the first particle and the second particle should have a relatively lower threshold voltage compared to the third particle and the fourth particle, and the driving voltage for vertically arranging the third particle and the fourth particle between the upper / lower electrodes should also be higher than that of the first particle and the second particle.

[0169] Refer to ​ a and ​ b. In the first particle and the second particle, when an electric field is formed by applying the first driving voltage, which is the lowest voltage that starts to affect the charge carried by the core particle, it will first affect the charge carried by the core particle rather than the charge carried by the coating substance. The first particle and the second particle will perform electrophoresis according to the polarity of the charge carried by the core particle and achieve the first and second colors according to the color of the particles located in the display part.

[0170] That is, the first particle and the second particle will move towards the electrode with a voltage of the opposite sign to the polarity of the charge carried by the core particle, and since the applied first driving voltage cannot affect the charge carried by the core particles in the third particle and the fourth particle, the third particle and the fourth particle will maintain a dispersed state in the fluid 1802 under the first driving voltage.

[0171] Refer to ​ c and ​d. In the third and fourth particles, when a second driving voltage higher than the first driving voltage that can affect the charge carried by the nuclear particles is applied, the electric field will affect not only the nuclear particles of the first particle 1803 and the second particle 1808, but also the charge carried by the coating material. Therefore, it exhibits the characteristic that the nuclear particles with negative charges and the coating material within a particle move towards the electrode with a positive voltage applied, while the nuclear particles with positive charges and the coating material move towards the electrode with a negative voltage applied. Moreover, in the first particle 1803 and the second particle 1808, two adjacent and different particles will exhibit completely different motions according to the approaching angle. When one particle approaches the lower side of another particle and is arranged close to perpendicular with respect to the bipolar direction, the positively charged region in the particle will encounter the negatively charged region in the other particle and form an attractive force that attracts each other. On the contrary, when one particle is arranged side by side next to the other particle, the negatively charged particle regions in the particle and the negatively charged regions in the other particle, as well as the positively charged particle regions in the particle and the positively charged regions in the other particle, will be arranged side by side, and a repulsive force that repels each other will be formed between the two particles. The particles moving under the action of the above-mentioned attractive and repulsive forces will gradually start to approach each other due to the action of the attractive force. Eventually, between the two electrodes, the first particle 1803 and the second particle 1808 are vertically arranged and horizontally arranged.

[0172] At this time, the electric field will affect the charge carried by the nuclear particles of the third particle 1812 and the fourth particle 1813, causing them to move towards the electrode with a voltage of the opposite sign to the polarity carried by the nuclear particles. At this time, the third color and the fourth color can be achieved according to the colors of the third particle and the fourth particle located in the display section.

[0173] See ​ e. When a third driving voltage higher than the second driving voltage that affects not only the charge carried by the third and fourth nuclear particles but also the charge carried by the coating material is applied, the electric field will affect the charge carried by the nuclear particles and the coating material of the first particle 1803, the second particle 1808, the third particle 1812, and the fourth particle 1813. All the particles will be vertically and horizontally arranged under the gravitational and repulsive force mechanisms, and the light incident from the outside can pass through between the arranged particles to perform the function of the transmission mode.

[0174] In ​ a, ​ b, ​ c and ​In d, when the four applicable types of particles have magenta, cyan, yellow, and white colors respectively, full color can be achieved by combining the colors of the color particles.

[0175] ​ a and ​ b are cross-sectional views illustrating a display panel structure that can achieve three colors and has a variable transmission mode. To meet the usage purpose of the display screen or improve the transmittance, three-color particles can be used for driving by reducing the number of color particles.

[0176] ​ is ​ a, ​ b, ​ c, ​ d and ​ e is a cross-sectional view of a display screen driving method that can achieve four colors and has a variable transmission mode, which is applicable to a microcapsule-type display panel structure.

[0177] In ​ the manufacturing process applicable to the specific embodiments of the present invention illustrated and the substances used in the process are as described below.

[0178] The display panel to which the present invention is applied is composed of a composite material phase in which solid and liquid substances are mixed.

[0179] The upper substrate uses a light-transmitting material with high transmittance, which can be a base film made of a material with a transmittance of 80% or more. The upper substrate is a transparent polymer film with excellent light transmittance, and can be made of, for example, polyethersulphone (PES), polyacrylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), and triacetyl cellulose (TAC), etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0180] On one side of the upper substrate facing the lower substrate, an upper electrode can be provided. The upper electrode can apply the same voltage to multiple display layers. The upper electrode can be a common electrode formed in a plate shape and shared by multiple display layers. The upper electrode 2202 can be provided on the observable side and can be made of a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), ZnO, or transparent conductive oxide (TCO).

[0181] The fluid can contain substances such as water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, propylene carbonate, toluene, benzene, hexane, chloroform, isoparaffin oil, silicone oil, ester oil, hydrocarbon oil, glyceryl triisooctanoate, dimethylpolysiloxane, cetyl octanoate, dicaprylate, isopropyl myristate, and tocopheryl acetate.

[0182] The fluid can contain a fluorescent substance, a phosphorescent substance, a luminescent substance, etc., or can contain a color-variable substance (e.g., a thermochromic pigment substance and a thermochromic dye substance, etc.) whose color characteristics change when energy is applied.

[0183] The microcapsules can be fixed in the adhesive layer at regular intervals, thereby forming an interval space between the microcapsules. By means of the interval space, it is possible to prevent each microcapsule from coming into direct contact with an adjacent microcapsule.

[0184] The adhesive layer can contain a substance that is at least partially transparent in the visible light region of 380 nm to 750 nm. The adhesive layer can contain at least one transparent polymer substance selected from the group consisting of an acrylic polymer, a silicone polymer, an ester polymer, a polyurethane polymer, an amide polymer, an ether polymer, a fluoropolymer, and a rubber. In addition, the adhesive layer can contain a fluorescent substance, a phosphorescent substance, a luminescent substance, etc., or can contain a substance whose color characteristics change when energy is applied (e.g., a thermochromic pigment substance and a thermochromic dye substance, etc.).

[0185] The adhesive layer (or binder layer) can be formed using a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA). As the pressure sensitive adhesive, a material that can prevent changes in the optical properties of the constituent components, does not require curing during the adhesion process, and does not require a high-temperature process during the drying process can be used. For example, the adhesive layer (or binder layer) can use suitable polymers such as acrylic polymers or silicone polymers, polyesters or polyurethanes, polyethers or synthetic rubbers. As the adhesive layer (or binder layer), a highly elastic silicone rubber that serves as a cushion to buffer impacts while also serving a simple adhesion (or bonding) function can be used. The adhesive layer (or binder layer) can be cured by energy (such as heat or ultraviolet light (UV)) or not cured.

[0186] For example, the adhesive layer (or binder layer) can be an insulating organic substance and can be composed of, but not limited to, polyethersulfone (PES), polyacrylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), and triacetyl cellulose (TAC).

[0187] The lower substrate can be a substrate made of various materials such as plastics and metals. For example, the lower substrate can include a metal foil containing metals such as silver and aluminum or a plastic film coated with a metal layer on the back.

[0188] The lower substrate can be a flexible substrate that can be folded, bent, or curled. In the above-described case, the lower substrate can be a flexible printed circuit board. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the lower substrate can also be made of a synthetic resin such as phenolic or epoxy resins. In this case, the lower substrate can be a rigid printed circuit board. A lower electrode can be provided on one side of the lower substrate. The lower electrode can apply the same or different voltages to a plurality of microcapsules.

[0189] The lower electrode can be formed with a single-layer structure of copper, aluminum, indium tin oxide (ITO), or indium zinc oxide (IZO), or a multi-layer structure with nickel or gold further laminated on substances such as copper, aluminum, indium tin oxide (ITO), or indium zinc oxide (IZO).

[0190] The microcapsules can be soft capsules or hard capsules and can be manufactured by methods such as in-situ polymerization, coacervation approach, or interfacial polymerization.

[0191] When manufacturing the microcapsules, a polar or non-polar dispersion medium can be used as the fluid. For example, water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, propylene carbonate, toluene, benzene, chloroform, hexane, cyclohexane, dodecane, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, or one or more of isopar-G, isopar-M, and isopar-H, which are types of isoparaffinic oil, can be used. Pigments or dyes can be added to the fluid.

[0192] As the dyes or pigments, azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, carbonium dyes, indigo dyes, sulfur dyes, and phthalocyanine dyes, etc. can be used. As the pigments, inorganic pigments such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, lithopon, zinc sulfonate, carbon black, graphite, chrome yellow, zinc chromate, red oxide of iron, red lead, cadmium red, molybdate chrome orange, milori blue (pressian blue, iron blue), cobalt blue, chrome green, viridian, zinc green, aluminum powder, bronze powder, fluorescent pigments, and pearl pigments, etc. can be used, or organic pigments such as insoluble azo, soluble azo, phthalocyanine, quinacridone, dioxazine, isoindolinone, vat dyes, chlorophyll, fluorocarbons, quinophthalone, and metal complexes, etc. can be used.

[0193] In the in-situ polymerization method, microcapsules can be manufactured through a reaction process that structures them into a core-shell morphology after forming an emulsion.

[0194] First, the core material is manufactured by dispersing particles into a fluid. At this time, the particles can be dispersed in the fluid at a ratio of 0.1 to 25% by weight, but can also be dispersed in a larger amount as needed. The dispersion of the core material can be carried out using an ultrasonic dispersant or a homogenizer.

[0195] Next, the polymer for forming the shell of the microcapsule is mixed and a prepolymer is formed by adjusting the acidity. This step can be carried out simultaneously with the step of manufacturing the dispersion of the core material.

[0196] As the polymer for forming the shell, a polymer precursor showing lower elastic and rigid properties can be used. For example, copolymers such as urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, and methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride, or polymers such as gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, cellulose derivatives, gum arabic, carrageenan, carboxymethyl fructose, hydrolyzed styrene anhydride copolymer, agar, alginate, casein, albumin, and cellulose phthalate can be used. By adjusting the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the above-mentioned polymers, a shell surrounding the core material can be formed. In addition, like the particles, the prepolymer can also be made into a dispersion by dispersing it into a fluid.

[0197] The step of forming an emulsion can be carried out by mixing and stirring the dispersion of the manufactured core material and the dispersion of the prepolymer of the shell material. As the conditions for forming the emulsion as described above, the ratio of the particles to the prepolymer needs to be optimized, and the two dispersions can be mixed at a volume ratio of 1:5 to 1:12. In addition, a stabilizer can be added to improve the dispersibility. In the industry, the particles can be the dispersed phase and the shell material can be the continuous phase.

[0198] At this time, an additive can be added to improve the stability of the emulsion. As the additive as described above, it can be an organic polymer with high viscosity and excellent wettability after being dissolved in the aqueous phase. Specifically, at least one of gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and alginate can be used.

[0199] By adjusting the pH and temperature of the formed emulsion, the dispersion of the shell material in the continuous phase can be deposited around the particles in the dispersed phase to form a lattice of microcapsules, thereby microencapsulating the dispersion of the shell material.

[0200] In the above-described case, in order to reduce elasticity by forming the microcapsule lattice more densely and thereby increase the hardness of the shell, a process of adding an additive may be included. The type of additive to be added may be an ionic or polar substance that is not easily soluble in the aqueous phase. For example, at least one of a curing catalyst, i.e., ammonium chloride, resorcinol, hydroquinone, and catechol, may be used.

[0201] In the coacervation polymerization method, an emulsion of the internal phase and the external phase, i.e., an oil-in-water emulsion, may be used. The dispersion of the core material coagulates (lumps) outward from the aqueous external phase, and by controlling factors such as temperature, pH, and relative concentration, a shell can be formed in the oil droplets of the internal phase and ionization can be achieved.

[0202] In the coacervation polymerization method, as the shell material, materials such as urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, gelatin, or gum arabic may be used.

[0203] In the interfacial polymerization method, the lipophilic monomer of the internal phase will exist in the form of an emulsion in the aqueous external phase. The monomer in the internal phase liquid crystal reacts with the monomer introduced into the aqueous external phase, and a polymerization reaction occurs at the interface between the droplets of the internal phase and the surrounding aqueous external phase, thereby forming a shell of particles around the droplets. Although the formed shell is thin and permeable, the difference from other manufacturing methods is that no separate heating is required, so it has the advantage of being applicable to a variety of different dielectric fluids.

[0204] The display panel applying the embodiments of the present invention can strengthen the elastic force of the microcapsules in contact with the electrodes after attachment regardless of the spherical, non-spherical, and cubic shapes of the microcapsules attached to the substrate, thereby having the durability to absorb external pressure and impact.

[0205] In the unit lattice type display panel, the partition walls may be made of non-polar organic substances or non-polar inorganic substances.

[0206] The partition walls may be formed through a photolithography or mold printing process, and thus have a certain height and width (for example, a height of 10 μm to 100 μm and a width of 10 μm to 20 μm).

[0207] The partition walls are preferably made of substances that do not become charged to prevent charged particles from binding to each other during driving due to electricity. In the embodiments of the present invention, when the fluid mixed with the charged particles is a non-polar organic solvent, it may be formed of a non-polar polymer, inorganic substance, or inorganic compound similar to the physical properties of the fluid.

Claims

1. A display panel structure composed of composite materials that can achieve two or more colors, characterized in that, Comprising: Upper substrate; Lower substrate; Upper electrode, disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; Lower electrode, disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; And, Partition wall, for defining a unit lattice region formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate; The unit lattice region respectively includes a plurality of first particles dispersed in a fluid and a plurality of second particles having a color different from that of the plurality of first particles, The plurality of first particles and the second particles each carry a positive charge and a negative charge simultaneously within one particle, the amounts of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other, and the first particles and the second particles respectively adopt a particle structure having a core-shell structure, and the shell coated on a part of the core surface and the core carry charges with opposite polarities respectively, The core of the first particle and the core of the second particle carry charges with opposite polarities, and the shell of the first particle and the shell of the second particle carry charges with opposite polarities, The plurality of first particles and the second particles move under the action of gravitational force and repulsive force due to the positive charge and the negative charge within the particles, and a transmissive mode is achieved by vertically and horizontally arranging at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode.

2. A display panel structure composed of composite materials that can achieve two or more colors, characterized in that, Comprising: Upper substrate; Lower substrate; Upper electrode, disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; Lower electrode, disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; And, Adhesive layer, including a plurality of microcapsules formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode; The plurality of microcapsules respectively include a plurality of first particles dispersed in a fluid and a plurality of second particles having a color different from that of the plurality of first particles, the first particles and the second particles respectively adopt a particle structure having a core-shell structure, and the shell coated on a part of the core surface and the core carry charges with opposite polarities respectively, The core of the first particle and the core of the second particle carry charges with opposite polarities, and the shell of the first particle and the shell of the second particle carry charges with opposite polarities, The plurality of first particles and the second particles each carry a positive charge and a negative charge simultaneously within one particle, and the amounts of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other, The plurality of first particles and the second particles move under the action of gravitational force and repulsive force due to the positive charge and the negative charge within the particles, and a transmissive mode is achieved by vertically and horizontally arranging at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode.

3. The display panel structure composed of a composite material capable of achieving two or more colors according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that: The plurality of first particles and the plurality of second particles respectively bind a certain proportion of cation ligands and anion ligands on the surfaces of polymer particles, metal particles or metal compound particles having functional groups, so that the amounts of the cations and anions reach a certain proportion.

4. A display panel structure composed of composite materials that can achieve three or more colors, characterized in that, Comprising: Upper substrate; Lower substrate; Upper electrode, disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; Lower electrode, disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; And, Partition wall for defining unit lattice regions formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate; The unit lattice regions each include a plurality of first particles dispersed in a fluid and presenting a first color, a plurality of second particles presenting a second color, and a plurality of third particles presenting a third color; The plurality of first particles and second particles each carry both positive and negative charges within one particle, and the amounts of the positive and negative charges are different from each other. The first particles and second particles each adopt a particle structure with a core-shell structure, and the shell coated on a part of the core surface and the core carry charges with opposite polarities respectively; The cores of the first particles and the second particles carry charges with opposite polarities, and the shells of the first particles and the second particles carry charges with opposite polarities; The third particles carry no charge or carry either a positive charge or a negative charge, and the amount of charge is extremely low compared with the amounts of charge carried by the first particles and the second particles; The plurality of first particles and second particles move under the action of gravity and repulsion due to the positive and negative charges within the particles, and a transmissive mode is achieved by arranging vertically and horizontally at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode; 5. A display panel structure composed of composite materials that can achieve three or more colors, characterized in that, Comprising: Upper substrate; Lower substrate; Upper electrode disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; Lower electrode disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; And Adhesive layer including a plurality of microcapsules formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode; The plurality of microcapsules each include a plurality of first particles dispersed in a fluid and presenting a first color, a plurality of second particles presenting a second color, and third particles presenting a third color; The plurality of first particles and second particles each carry both positive and negative charges within one particle, and the amounts of the positive and negative charges are different from each other. The first particles and second particles each adopt a particle structure with a core-shell structure, and the shell coated on a part of the core surface and the core carry charges with opposite polarities respectively; The cores of the first particles and the second particles carry charges with opposite polarities, and the shells of the first particles and the second particles carry charges with opposite polarities; The third particles carry no charge or carry either a positive charge or a negative charge, and the amount of charge is extremely low compared with the amounts of charge carried by the first particles and the second particles; The plurality of first particles and second particles move under the action of gravity and repulsion due to the positive and negative charges within the particles, and a transmissive mode is achieved by arranging vertically and horizontally at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode; 6. A display panel structure composed of composite materials that can achieve three or more colors and has a variable transmission mode, characterized in that, Comprising: Upper substrate; Lower substrate; Upper electrode disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; Lower electrode disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; And Partition wall for defining unit lattice regions formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate; The unit lattice regions respectively include a plurality of first particles presenting a first color, a plurality of second particles presenting a second color, and a plurality of third particles presenting a third color, which are dispersed in a fluid. The plurality of first particles, second particles, and third particles each carry both a positive charge and a negative charge within a single particle, and the amounts of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other. The first particles, second particles, and third particles respectively adopt a particle structure with a core-shell structure, and the shell coated on a part of the surface of the core and the core carry charges with opposite polarities. The cores of the first particles and the second particles carry charges with opposite polarities, and the shells of the first particles and the second particles carry charges with opposite polarities. The amounts of charge of the cores and shells of the first particles and second particles are greater than the amounts of charge of the cores and shells of the third particles. The plurality of first particles, second particles, and third particles move under the action of gravitational and repulsive forces due to the positive and negative charges within the particles, and a transmissive mode is achieved by arranging them vertically and horizontally at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode.

7. A display panel structure composed of composite materials that can achieve three or more colors and has a variable transmission mode, characterized in that Comprising: An upper substrate; A lower substrate; An upper electrode disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; A lower electrode disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; And, An adhesive layer including a plurality of microcapsules formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode; The plurality of microcapsules respectively include a plurality of first particles presenting a first color, a plurality of second particles presenting a second color, and a plurality of third particles presenting a third color, which are dispersed in a fluid. The plurality of first particles, second particles, and third particles each carry both a positive charge and a negative charge within a single particle, and the amounts of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other. The first particles, second particles, and third particles respectively adopt a particle structure with a core-shell structure, and the shell coated on a part of the surface of the core and the core carry charges with opposite polarities. The cores of the first particles and the second particles carry charges with opposite polarities, and the shells of the first particles and the second particles carry charges with opposite polarities. The amounts of charge of the cores and shells of the first particles and second particles are greater than the amounts of charge of the cores and shells of the third particles. The plurality of first particles, second particles, and third particles move under the action of gravitational and repulsive forces due to the positive and negative charges within the particles, and a transmissive mode is achieved by arranging them vertically and horizontally at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode.

8. A driving method for a display panel structure composed of a composite material phase capable of realizing colors, characterized in that: In order to control the mode conversion of the display panel structure according to claim 1 or claim 4 or claim 6. The lower electrode is patterned in each unit lattice on the lower substrate, and each unit lattice is selectively controlled by adjusting the application time of the driving voltage, the intensity of the driving voltage, the pulse size, or the intensity of the pulse width, so as to achieve a reflection mode, a transmission mode, or a shielding mode.

9. A driving method for a display panel structure composed of composite material phases that can achieve colors, characterized in that: In order to control the mode conversion of the display panel structure according to claim 2 or claim 5 or claim 7, The lower electrode is patterned in one or more respective unit microcapsules on the lower substrate, and the application time of the driving voltage, the intensity of the driving voltage, the pulse size, or the intensity of the pulse width of each unit microcapsule is selectively controlled, so as to achieve a reflection mode, a transmission mode, or a shielding mode.

10. A display panel structure composed of composite material phases, characterized in that, Including: An upper substrate; A lower substrate; An upper electrode disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; A lower electrode disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; And, Partition walls for defining unit lattice regions formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate; The unit lattice regions respectively include a plurality of first particles presenting a first color, a plurality of second particles presenting a second color, a plurality of third particles presenting a third color, and a plurality of fourth particles presenting a fourth color dispersed in a fluid, The plurality of first particles and second particles each carry a positive charge and a negative charge within one particle, and the amounts of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other. The first particles and the second particles respectively adopt a particle structure with a core-shell structure, and the shell coated on a part of the core surface and the core carry charges with opposite polarities to each other, The cores of the first particles and the second particles carry charges with opposite polarities to each other, and the shells of the first particles and the second particles carry charges with opposite polarities to each other, The third particles and the fourth particles each carry only one of a positive charge or a negative charge in one particle, and the charges carried by the third particles and the fourth particles are opposite, The amounts of charge of the first particles and the second particles are greater than the amounts of charge of the third particles and the fourth particles, The plurality of first particles and second particles move under the action of gravitational and repulsive forces due to the positive and negative charges within the particles, and are vertically and horizontally arranged at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode, so as to achieve full color of four colors.

11. A display panel structure composed of composite material phases, characterized in that, Including: An upper substrate; A lower substrate; An upper electrode disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; A lower electrode disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; And, An adhesive layer including a plurality of microcapsules formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode; The plurality of unit microcapsules respectively include a plurality of first particles presenting a first color, a plurality of second particles presenting a second color, a plurality of third particles presenting a third color, and a plurality of fourth particles presenting a fourth color dispersed in a fluid, The multiple first particles and second particles each carry a positive charge and a negative charge within one particle, and the amounts of charge of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other. The first particles and the second particles respectively adopt a particle structure with a core-shell structure, and the shell coated on a part of the core surface and the core carry charges with opposite polarities respectively. The cores of the first particles and the second particles carry charges with opposite polarities, and the shells of the first particles and the second particles carry charges with opposite polarities. The third particles and the fourth particles each carry only one of a positive charge or a negative charge in one particle, and the charges carried by the third particles and the fourth particles are opposite. The amounts of charge of the first particles and the second particles are greater than the amounts of charge of the third particles and the fourth particles. The multiple first particles and second particles move under the action of gravitational force and repulsive force due to the positive charge and negative charge within the particles, and are vertically and horizontally arranged at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode, thereby realizing full color of four colors.

12. A display panel structure composed of composite materials that can achieve full color of four colors and has a variable transmission mode, characterized in that, Comprising: An upper substrate; A lower substrate; An upper electrode disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; A lower electrode disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; And, Partition walls for defining unit lattice regions formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate; The unit lattice regions respectively include multiple first particles presenting a first color, multiple second particles presenting a second color, multiple third particles presenting a third color, and multiple fourth particles presenting a fourth color dispersed in a fluid. The multiple first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles each carry a positive charge and a negative charge within one particle, and the amounts of charge of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other. The first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles respectively adopt a particle structure with a core-shell structure, and the shell coated on a part of the core surface and the core carry charges with opposite polarities respectively. The cores of the first particles and the second particles carry charges with opposite polarities, and the shells of the first particles and the second particles carry charges with opposite polarities; the cores of the third particles and the fourth particles carry charges with opposite polarities, and the shells of the third particles and the fourth particles carry charges with opposite polarities. The amounts of charge of the cores and shells of the first particles and the second particles are greater than the amounts of charge of the cores and shells of the third particles and the fourth particles. The multiple first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles move under the action of gravitational force and repulsive force due to the positive charge and negative charge within the particles, and are vertically and horizontally arranged at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode to achieve a transmissive mode.

13. A display panel structure composed of composite materials that can achieve full color with four colors and has a variable transmission mode, characterized in that, Comprising: An upper substrate; A lower substrate; An upper electrode disposed on one side surface of the upper substrate; A lower electrode disposed on one side surface of the lower substrate; And, An adhesive layer including multiple microcapsules formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. The multiple unit microcapsules respectively include a plurality of first particles presenting a first color, a plurality of second particles presenting a second color, a plurality of third particles presenting a third color, and a plurality of fourth particles presenting a fourth color, which are dispersed in a fluid. The plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles each carry a positive charge and a negative charge simultaneously within a single particle, and the amounts of the positive charge and the negative charge are different from each other. The first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles respectively adopt a particle structure with a core-shell structure, and the shell coated on a part of the surface of the core and the core carry charges with opposite polarities to each other. The cores of the first particles and the second particles carry charges with opposite polarities to each other, and the shells of the first particles and the second particles carry charges with opposite polarities to each other; the cores of the third particles and the fourth particles carry charges with opposite polarities to each other, and the shells of the third particles and the fourth particles carry charges with opposite polarities to each other. The amounts of charge of the cores and shells of the first particles and the second particles are greater than the amounts of charge of the cores and shells of the third particles and the fourth particles. The plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles, and fourth particles move under the action of gravitational and repulsive forces due to the positive and negative charges within the particles, and a transmissive mode is achieved by arranging them vertically and horizontally at a certain interval from the upper electrode to the lower electrode.

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