Mechanical Sampling Method for Exploration Wells

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for mechanically taking soil samples in exploration wells. 1. After the exploration well is drilled, a winch is placed at the wellhead, the hook of the winch is connected to the lifting rope, and then the winch is operated to lower the cylinder to the sampling position at the bottom of the well. 2. Through wired or wireless means, the soil cutting knife of the soil sampler is pushed into the soil of the well wall from the soil sampling window, and then the soil cutting knife with the soil is retracted. 3. The winch is operated to lift the cylinder to the wellhead to take out the soil sample, and then the winch is operated to lower the cylinder to the next sampling position. 4. Steps 2 and 3 are repeated until the soil sampling work at each preset sampling position in the exploration well is completed. The present invention completely replaces the traditional manual soil sampling process, eliminates various safety hazards (such as lack of oxygen, harmful gases, well wall collapse, falling blocks, etc.) of manual soil sampling, greatly improves the work efficiency, saves the exploration operation cost, and fundamentally ensures the safety of exploration operation personnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the engineering investigation of collapsible loess sites, and in particular to a method for mechanically obtaining soil samples in exploration wells. Background Art

[0002] In engineering investigations, especially in the engineering investigations of collapsible loess sites, exploration wells, as an important exploration means, are widely used because they can obtain grade-I soil samples without disturbance. Currently, the operation modes of forming exploration well holes are generally divided into two types: manual digging with a Luoyang shovel and mechanical digging with a Luoyang shovel. However, for obtaining soil samples after the hole is formed, they are all obtained manually, that is: the operator is lowered to the bottom of the hole by a windlass installed at the ground hole opening, and the operator manually obtains soil samples on the hole wall from bottom to top. Generally, the interval of obtaining soil samples up and down is 1.0 meter. Since the depth of exploration wells is generally 10 - 20 meters, and some deeper exploration wells can reach 30 - 40 meters, there are often situations such as lack of oxygen and harmful gases in the well, and there are also risks such as local collapse of the well wall and falling of blocks from the upper part, which seriously threaten the life safety of the operators in the well, and accidents of casualties occur from time to time. Even if no safety accident occurs, since 10 - 20, or even 30 - 40 soil samples need to be obtained in each exploration well, limited by the soil sampling speed and physical strength of the operator, the time for obtaining soil samples in each exploration well is long, the working efficiency is low, it is time-consuming and laborious, and the personnel cost is high. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for mechanically obtaining soil samples in exploration wells with high working efficiency, low operation cost, safety and reliability.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention can adopt the following technical solutions:

[0005] The method for mechanically obtaining soil samples in exploration wells of the present invention adopts the following soil sampling device:

[0006] The soil sampling device includes an upper-opening cylindrical barrel, and a lifting rope is arranged at the barrel opening of the barrel; a bearing plate is horizontally arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the barrel, a soil sampler is arranged on the bearing plate, and a soil sampling window is opened on the side wall of the barrel corresponding to the soil sampler; a power source for providing power to the soil sampler is arranged on the bottom wall of the barrel;

[0007] The method for obtaining soil samples includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1, after the exploration well hole is formed, place a winch at the hole opening, connect the hook of the winch with the lifting rope, and then operate the winch to lower the barrel to the sampling position at the bottom of the hole;

[0009] Step 2, operate the soil sampling knife of the soil sampler to push into the soil body of the hole wall through the soil sampling window in a wired or wireless manner, and then retract the soil sampling knife with the soil body;

[0010] Step 3: Operate the winch to lift the cylinder to the orifice to take out the soil sample, and then operate the winch to lower the cylinder to the next sampling position.

[0011] Step 4: Repeat Step 2 and Step 3 until the soil sampling at each preset sampling position in the exploratory shaft is completed.

[0012] Furthermore, the soil sampler includes a chute provided on the bearing plate, the chute is arranged towards the soil sampling window, and the soil sampling knife is slidably arranged on the chute; the soil sampling knife is composed of a first knife head and a second knife head; the first knife head is a scoop-shaped structure formed by a bottom blade, left vertical blades vertically connected to the left and right edges of the bottom blade, right vertical blades, and a rear vertical plate connected to the rear edges of the left and right vertical blades and the bottom blade; the second knife head is a flat shoveling knife; a bearing frame is arranged on the rear vertical plate, on the bearing frame, a bearing rod for carrying the flat shoveling knife is arranged along the upper edge direction of the left vertical blade or the right vertical blade, the front end of the bearing rod is detachably connected to the bearing frame at the upper edge position of the rear vertical plate, the middle of the bearing rod is hinged to the rear end of the bearing frame, the flat shoveling knife is arranged on the bearing rod, and a second hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the bearing rod, the piston rod end of the second hydraulic cylinder is connected to the rear edge of the flat shoveling knife; a first hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the bearing plate, and the piston rod end of the first hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the bearing frame; the power source is a hydraulic pump station, and the hydraulic pump station is arranged on the bottom wall of the cylinder, and the hydraulic pump station is used to drive the first and second hydraulic cylinders to work.

[0013] Preferably, both the left and right vertical blades are right trapezoidal structures.

[0014] Furthermore, ventilation holes are respectively opened on the bottom wall of the cylinder and the bearing plate.

[0015] Furthermore, at least three radially extending sliders are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction on the outer edge of the bearing plate; corresponding to each slider position on the inner wall of the cylinder, a chute is respectively arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder, and the chute extends upward to the cylinder orifice.

[0016] The present invention completely replaces the traditional manual soil sampling process, eliminates various safety hazards (such as lack of oxygen, harmful gases, hole collapse, falling blocks, etc.) in manual soil sampling, greatly improves work efficiency, saves exploration operation costs, and fundamentally ensures the safety of exploration operation personnel. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the soil sampling device of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the soil sampler of the present invention. Detailed implementation mode

[0019] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If this specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0021] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, terms such as "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0022] In addition, in the present invention, descriptions such as "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.

[0023] In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing throughout the text is that it includes three parallel solutions. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, solution B, or a solution that satisfies both A and B at the same time. In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that those of ordinary skill in the art can implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0024] The method for mechanically taking soil samples in exploration wells described in the present invention uses the following soil sampling device:

[0025] Such as Figure 1 、 2As shown, the soil sampling device includes an upper-opening cylindrical barrel 1. A lifting rope 2 is arranged at the barrel opening of the barrel 1. A bearing plate 3 is horizontally arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the barrel 1. Vent holes 4 are respectively opened on the bottom wall of the barrel 1 and on the bearing plate 3, which facilitates the up and down movement of the barrel 1 in the exploration hole without being affected by air resistance.

[0026] Four radially extending sliders are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction on the outer edge of the bearing plate 3. At the position corresponding to each slider on the inner wall of the barrel 1, a chute 5 is respectively arranged along the axial direction of the barrel. The chute 5 extends upward to the barrel opening. The chute 5 is used for the loading and unloading of the bearing plate 3, which facilitates the installation, disassembly and maintenance of the equipment on the bearing plate 3 and the equipment in the barrel 1.

[0027] A soil sampler is arranged on the bearing plate 3. A soil sampling window 6 is opened on the side wall of the barrel corresponding to the soil sampler. A power source (hydraulic pump station) 7 for providing power to the soil sampler is arranged on the bottom wall of the barrel 1.

[0028] As Figure 2 shown, the soil sampler includes a chute 8 arranged on the bearing plate 3. The chute 8 is arranged in the direction towards the soil sampling window 6. The soil sampling knife is slidably arranged on the chute 8, which facilitates the soil sampling knife to cut into the side wall of the exploration well or retract from the side wall of the exploration well under the action of power, and at the same time plays a guiding role for the soil sampling knife.

[0029] The soil sampling knife is composed of a first knife head and a second knife head; the second knife head is a flat shoveling knife 10.

[0030] The first knife head is composed of a bottom knife blade 9.1, left vertical knife blades 9.2 and right vertical knife blades 9.3 vertically connected to the left and right side edges of the bottom knife blade 9.1, and a rear vertical plate 9.4 connected to the rear edges of the left and right vertical knife blades and the bottom knife blade to form a bucket-shaped structure; the left and right vertical knife blades 9.2, 9.3 are both right trapezoidal structures, which is more convenient for the bucket-shaped first knife head to cut into the side wall of the exploration well and take out the soil sample under the cooperation of the flat shoveling knife 10.

[0031] A bearing frame 11 is arranged on the rear vertical plate 9.4 to improve the strength of the first knife head and make the force on the first knife head relatively uniform; at the same time, a bearing rod 12 is arranged on the bearing frame 11; the front end of the bearing rod 12 is detachably connected to the bearing frame 11 located at the upper edge position of the rear vertical plate 9.4 through a fixing member 13. The middle of the bearing rod 12 is hinged to the rear end of the bearing frame 11 through a rotating shaft 14. The downward inclination angle of the bearing rod 12 is the same as the downward inclination angle of the upper edge of the left vertical knife blade 9.2, that is: the horizontal angle of the bearing rod 11 is the same as the horizontal angle of the upper edge of the left vertical knife blade 9.2.

[0032] The flat shovel blade 10 is slidably arranged at the front part of the bearing rod 12. A second hydraulic cylinder 15 is arranged at the rear part of the bearing rod 12. The end of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 15 is connected to the rear edge of the flat shovel blade 10. The stroke of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 15, the length of the flat shovel blade 10, and the length of the upper edge of the left vertical blade 9.2 are equal; the width of the flat shovel blade 10 is equal to the width between the upper edges of the left and right vertical blades 9.2 and 9.3. In this way, after the first cutter head cuts into the side wall of the exploration well, the flat shovel blade 10 cuts into the side wall of the exploration well along the upper edges of the left and right vertical blades, and then the upper opening of the first cutter head with a bucket-shaped structure can be sealed, and the soil sample can be cut off.

[0033] A first hydraulic cylinder 16 is arranged on the bearing plate 3. The end of the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 16 is hinged to the bearing frame 11. In this way, under the action of the first hydraulic cylinder 16, the first cutter head can move forward along the chute 8 and cut into or retract from the side wall of the exploration well through the soil sampling window 6. The hydraulic pump station 7 for driving the first and second hydraulic cylinders 16 and 15 is installed on the bottom wall of the cylinder body 1.

[0034] The method for taking soil samples of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0035] Step 1, after the exploration well is drilled, place a winch at the wellhead of the exploration well, connect the hook of the winch to the lifting rope 2, and then operate the winch to lower the cylinder body 1 to the sampling position at the bottom of the well. During the lowering process of the cylinder body 1, the air in the exploration well circulates up and down through the gap between the cylinder body 1 and the exploration well and the ventilation hole 4 to ensure a smooth and fluent lowering process.

[0036] Step 2, start the first hydraulic cylinder 16 to push the first cutter head into the side wall of the exploration well through the soil sampling window 6 by wired or wireless means; then start the second hydraulic cylinder 15 to cut the flat shovel blade 10 into the side wall of the exploration well along the upper edges of the left and right vertical blades 9.2 and 9.3. At this time, the soil sample is cut into the first cutter head with a bucket-shaped structure; then, operate the first hydraulic cylinder to retract, and move the soil sampling cutter with the soil sample to the bearing plate 3.

[0037] Step 3, operate the winch to lift the cylinder body 1 to the wellhead. Start the second hydraulic cylinder 15 again to retract the flat shovel blade 10 from the upper opening of the first cutter head with a bucket-shaped structure. Then, after disassembling and separating the front end of the bearing rod 12 from the bearing frame 11, rotate the bearing rod 12 to the vertical direction, and the soil sample can be taken out from the upper opening of the first cutter head; then, connect the front end of the bearing rod 12 to the bearing frame 11 through the fixing member 13, and operate the winch to lower the cylinder body 1 to the next sampling position.

[0038] Step 4, repeat Step 2 and Step 3 until the soil sampling work at each preset sampling position in the exploration well is completed.

Claims

1. A method for mechanically taking soil samples in exploration wells, characterized in that, Adopt the following soil sampling device: The soil sampling device includes an upper-opening cylindrical barrel. A lifting rope is arranged at the barrel opening of the barrel. A bearing plate is horizontally arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the barrel. A soil sampler is arranged on the bearing plate. A soil sampling window is opened on the side wall of the barrel corresponding to the soil sampler. A power source for providing power to the soil sampler is arranged on the bottom wall of the barrel; The soil sampler includes a chute arranged on the bearing plate. The chute faces the soil sampling window. A soil sampling knife is slidably arranged on the chute. The soil sampling knife is composed of a first knife head and a second knife head. The first knife head is a hopper-shaped structure composed of a bottom blade, left vertical blades vertically connected to the left and right edges of the bottom blade, right vertical blades, and a rear vertical plate connected to the rear edges of the left, right vertical blades and the bottom blade. The second knife head is a flat shovel knife. A bearing frame is arranged on the rear vertical plate. On the bearing frame, a bearing rod for bearing the flat shovel knife is arranged along the upper edge direction of the left vertical blade or the right vertical blade. The front end of the bearing rod is detachably connected to the bearing frame at the upper edge position of the rear vertical plate. The middle of the bearing rod is hinged to the rear end of the bearing frame. The flat shovel knife is arranged on the bearing rod. A second hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the bearing rod. The piston rod end of the second hydraulic cylinder is connected to the rear edge of the flat shovel knife. A first hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the bearing plate. The piston rod end of the first hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the bearing frame. The power source is a hydraulic pump station arranged on the bottom wall of the barrel. The hydraulic pump station is used to drive the first and second hydraulic cylinders to work; The soil sampling method includes the following steps: Step 1: After the exploratory well is drilled, place a winch at the wellhead. Connect the hook of the winch to the lifting rope, and then operate the winch to lower the barrel to the sampling position at the bottom of the well; Step 2: Operate the soil sampling knife of the soil sampler to push into the soil of the well wall from the soil sampling window in a wired or wireless manner, and then retract the soil sampling knife with the soil; Step 3: Operate the winch to lift the barrel to the wellhead to take out the soil sample, and then operate the winch to lower the barrel to the next sampling position; Step 4: Repeat Step 2 and Step 3 until the soil sampling work at each preset sampling position in the exploratory well is completed; Both the left and right vertical blades are right trapezoidal structures; Vent holes are respectively opened on the bottom wall of the barrel and the bearing plate; At least three radially extending sliders are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction on the outer edge of the bearing plate. At each position corresponding to each slider on the inner wall of the barrel, a chute is arranged along the axial direction of the barrel, and the chute extends upward to the barrel opening.

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