air purifier

Abstract

The present invention relates to an air purifier, comprising: a filter; a heating mechanism, which is arranged on one side of the filter; wherein the heating mechanism has an initial mode separated from the filter, and its orthographic projection toward the filter is misaligned with at least a portion of the filter, and a sterilization mode in direct contact with the filter. When the air purifier needs to be sterilized after working for a period of time, the heating mechanism is switched to the sterilization mode so that the heating mechanism is in direct contact with the filter, so that the heat generated by the heating mechanism can be directly transferred to the filter, thereby inactivating viruses and bacteria on the filter. In this way, the filter is sterilized and disinfected at high temperature by the heating mechanism in direct contact with the filter, and heat is directly transferred from the heating mechanism to the filter. The filter can reach the set value required for sterilization more quickly, and the sterilization efficiency is higher. In addition, because heat can be transferred directly, the heating power of the heating mechanism is low, and the power consumption during operation is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of air purification, in particular to an air purifier. Background Art

[0002] As people's demands for air quality become increasingly higher, air purifiers are gradually entering the market. Generally, an air purifier is placed in the machine's air duct through a filter, and a heating element is placed in front of the windward side of the filter, and a temperature sensor is placed between the filter and the heating element. When the air purifier is working, the outside air enters the air purifier and flows through the filter. Aerosols of viruses and bacteria in the air, dust and other particles are filtered and adsorbed on the filter, thus achieving air purification. In addition, after the filter has been working for a period of time, the heating element is turned on, and the heat from the heating element is used to heat the filter to a certain high temperature. This high temperature is used to disinfect viruses, bacteria, etc. attached to the filter.

[0003] In this type of product, the filter needs to be heated to a certain high temperature to disinfect viruses. However, excessively high temperatures will damage the filter, affect its lifespan, and produce odors. Therefore, the filter temperature needs to be controlled so that it is not too high. When the heating element is just turned on, in order to prevent the filter from being damaged by a sudden change in temperature to a higher temperature, a higher fan speed and a larger air volume will be used to ensure that the filter temperature does not exceed the safe temperature range. After that, the temperature value is collected based on the temperature sensor, and the wind speed is gradually adjusted and the air volume is reduced to gradually increase the filter temperature and approach the set value. However, this will take a long time to adjust to the set value required for filter sterilization, and the sterilization efficiency is low. In addition, in order to make the filter reach a higher temperature, the heating element power is relatively high (the total heating element power of some products is about 1000W or more), and the power consumption is relatively high during operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide an air purifier to address the problems of low sterilization efficiency and high power consumption of air purifiers.

[0005] An air purifier, comprising:

[0006] filter;

[0007] A heating mechanism is provided on one side of the filter;

[0008] The heating mechanism has an initial mode in which the heating mechanism is separated from the filter and its orthographic projection toward the filter is offset from at least a portion of the filter, and a sterilization mode in which the heating mechanism is in direct contact with the filter.

[0009] In one embodiment, the heating mechanism includes a heating element and a driving assembly connected to each other;

[0010] In the initial mode, the heating element is driven by the driving assembly to move to be separated from the filter, and its orthographic projection toward the filter is misaligned with at least a portion of the filter;

[0011] In the sterilization mode, the heating element is driven by the driving assembly to move to fit the windward side or the leeward side of the filter.

[0012] In one embodiment, the heating element is an electric heating film, and the heating element has a heat-conducting surface that matches the windward surface or the leeward surface of the filter;

[0013] In the initial mode, the heating element is driven by the driving element to rotate until the heat-conducting surface intersects the filter and is away from the filter;

[0014] In the sterilization mode, the heating element is driven by the driving element to rotate until the heat-conducting surface is parallel to the filter screen, and moves toward the filter screen until it is in contact with the filter screen.

[0015] In one embodiment, the driving assembly includes a first driving member and a second driving member;

[0016] The output end of the first driving member is connected to the heating member, and is used to drive the heating member to rotate so that the heat-conducting surface is parallel to or intersects with the filter; the output end of the second driving member is connected to the first driving member, and drives the first driving member and the heating member to move synchronously toward or away from the filter.

[0017] In one embodiment, the driving assembly further includes a bracket, a pulley, a traction rope and a slider, the slider is slidably disposed on the bracket, and the first driving member is fixed on the slider;

[0018] The pulley is fixed on the bracket, one end of the traction rope is connected to the second driving member, and the other end is connected to the slider, and the traction rope is wound around the outside of the pulley.

[0019] In one embodiment, the filter screen and the heating element are constructed as two corrugated plates that can be nested with each other.

[0020] In one embodiment, the air purifier further includes a controller, which controls the heating mechanism to be in the sterilization mode when receiving a sterilization instruction, and controls the heating mechanism to heat the filter at a temperature within a preset temperature range for a corresponding period of time.

[0021] In one embodiment, the air purifier further comprises a temperature sensing package, which is provided on the heating mechanism and is used to sense the heating temperature;

[0022] The controller starts timing the corresponding time when the heating temperature reaches a minimum value in the preset temperature range.

[0023] In one embodiment, during the corresponding time period, if the heating temperature continuously exceeds the maximum value of the preset temperature range within the preset time period, the controller controls the heating mechanism to stop heating; if the heating temperature continuously is less than the minimum value of the preset temperature range within the preset time period, the controller controls the heating mechanism to start heating.

[0024] In one embodiment, the corresponding duration is 40-50 minutes; the preset duration is 8-12 seconds.

[0025] In one embodiment, the air purifier further includes a fan, which drives external air flow through the filter when the heating mechanism is in the initial mode; and stops working when the heating mechanism is in the sterilization mode.

[0026] When the air purifier is operating, the heating mechanism switches to an initial mode, separating the heating mechanism from the filter and preventing direct contact with the filter. Furthermore, the heating mechanism's projection toward the filter is offset from at least a portion of the filter, ensuring that the heating mechanism and the filter are offset. This ensures that the heating mechanism does not completely block the windward or outlet surfaces of the filter, allowing air to flow smoothly through the filter for filtration. When the air purifier requires sterilization after operating for a period of time, the heating mechanism is switched to a sterilization mode, bringing the heating mechanism into direct contact with the filter. This allows the heat generated by the heating mechanism to be directly transferred to the filter, inactivating viruses and bacteria on the filter.

[0027] In this way, the filter is sterilized at high temperature by the heating mechanism in direct contact with the filter. Heat is directly transferred from the heating mechanism to the filter, allowing the filter to reach the set sterilization temperature more quickly, resulting in higher sterilization efficiency. In addition, because heat can be directly transferred, the heating power of the heating mechanism is lower, and the power consumption during operation is lower. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an air purifier according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the heating mechanism of the air purifier shown is in the initial mode;

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the structure of the heating mechanism shown is in the process of switching from the initial mode to the sterilization mode;

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the heating mechanism shown in the figure when it is in sterilization mode;

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the heating mechanism shown;

[0033] Figure 6 for Figure 1 The control flow chart of the air purifier is shown.

[0034] Figure numerals: 100, air purifier; 10, filter; 30, heating mechanism; 32, heating element; 34, driving assembly; 341, first driving element; 343, second driving element; 345, bracket; 347, pulley; 348, traction rope; 349, slider; 50, fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description sets forth numerous specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0037] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0038] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection; direct connection, or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components, or interaction between two components, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0039] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0040] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation methods.

[0041] See Figure 1 In one embodiment of the present invention, an air purifier 100 is provided, including a filter 10 and a heating mechanism 30. The filter 10 is used to filter and collect particulate matter such as dust, viruses and bacteria in the air. The heating mechanism 30 is arranged on one side of the filter 10 and is used to perform high-temperature disinfection and sterilization on the particulate matter on the filter 10.

[0042] See Figure 2-Figure 5Specifically, the heating mechanism 30 has an initial mode in which it is separated from the filter 10 and its projection toward the filter 10 is misaligned with at least a portion of the filter 10, and a sterilization mode in which it is in direct contact with the filter 10. That is to say, the heating mechanism 30 is movable, and the state of the heating mechanism 30 can be switched according to actual conditions. When the air purifier 100 is working, the heating mechanism 30 is switched to the initial mode, so that the heating mechanism 30 is separated from the filter 10 and is not in direct contact with the filter 10, and the projection toward the filter 10 is misaligned with at least a portion of the filter 10, so that the heating mechanism 30 is misaligned with the filter 10. In this way, the heating mechanism 30 will not completely block the windward side or the wind outlet side of the filter 10, so that the air can flow smoothly through the filter 10 for filtration. When the air purifier 100 needs to be sterilized after working for a period of time, the heating mechanism 30 is switched to the sterilization mode so that the heating mechanism 30 is in direct contact with the filter 10. In this way, the heat generated by the heating mechanism 30 can be directly transferred to the filter 10 to inactivate the viruses and bacteria on the filter 10.

[0043] In this way, the filter 10 is sterilized at high temperature by the heating mechanism 30, which is in direct contact with the filter 10. Heat is directly transferred from the heating mechanism 30 to the filter 10, allowing the filter 10 to reach the desired sterilization temperature more quickly, resulting in a higher sterilization efficiency. Furthermore, because heat can be directly transferred, the heating power of the heating mechanism 30 is lower, resulting in lower power consumption during operation.

[0044] In some embodiments, the air purifier 100 also includes a fan 50. When the heating mechanism 30 is in the initial mode, the fan 50 drives the outside air to flow through the filter 10 to filter and purify the air. When the heating mechanism 30 is in the sterilization mode, the fan 50 stops working and no longer needs to drive the air flow, and the filter 10 is sterilized through the heating mechanism 30.

[0045] In some embodiments, the heating mechanism 30 includes a heating element 32 and a drive assembly 34 that are interconnected. In the initial mode, the heating element 32 is driven by the drive assembly 34 to move to separate from the filter 10, and its projection toward the filter 10 is misaligned with at least a portion of the filter 10 to allow air to flow smoothly through the filter 10, thereby preventing the heating element 32 from affecting the normal flow of air. In the sterilization mode, the heating element 32 is driven by the drive assembly 34 to move to fit the windward side or the leeward side of the filter 10, that is, the drive element drives the heating element 32 to move to completely fit the filter 10, so as to utilize the heating element 32 to directly transfer heat to the filter 10, thereby improving the sterilization efficiency, and there is no need to turn on the fan 50 to reduce noise, while also reducing power consumption.

[0046] Furthermore, the heating element 32 is an electric heating film, and the heating element 32 has a heat-conducting surface that matches the windward side or leeward side of the filter 10, so that the heat-conducting surface of the heating element 32 is completely aligned with the windward side or leeward side of the filter 10, thereby facilitating heat transfer. In the initial mode, the heating element 32 is driven by the driving element to rotate until the heat-conducting surface intersects with the filter 10 and is away from the filter 10. This makes the heating element 32 intersect with the filter 10 and away from the filter 10, preventing the heating element 32 from blocking the windward side or leeward side of the filter 10, thereby ensuring that air can flow smoothly through the filter 10. In the sterilization mode, the heating element 32 is driven by the driving element to rotate until the heat-conducting surface is parallel to the filter 10, and moves closer to the filter 10 until it is aligned with the filter 10, so that the heat-conducting surface of the heating element 32 is aligned with the windward side or leeward side of the filter 10 to directly heat the filter 10.

[0047] Specifically in this embodiment, the filter 10 and the heater 32 are constructed as two corrugated plates that can be nested with each other. In the initial mode, the wave extension direction of the heater 32 intersects with the wave extension direction of the filter 10, and the heater 32 is offset from the windward or leeward side of the filter 10, allowing air to flow smoothly through the filter 10. In the sterilization mode, the wave extension direction of the heater 32 is parallel to the wave extension direction of the filter 10, and the heater 32 and the filter 10 can be nested and fit together to heat the filter 10.

[0048] Optionally, the heating element 32 is provided on the windward side of the filter 10, and in the sterilization mode, the heating element 32 is in contact with the windward surface of the filter 10. Alternatively, the heating element 32 is provided on the leeward side of the filter 10, and in the sterilization mode, the heating element 32 is in contact with the leeward surface of the filter 10.

[0049] In some embodiments, the drive assembly 34 includes a first drive member 341 and a second drive member 343. The output end of the first drive member 341 is connected to the heating element 32 and is used to drive the heating element 32 to rotate until the heat-conducting surface is parallel to or intersecting with the filter 10. That is, the first drive member 341 rotates the heating element 32, so that the heating element 32 and the filter 10 are parallel to or intersecting, thereby matching or misaligning the heat-conducting surface of the heating element 32 with the filter 10. The output end of the second drive member 343 is connected to the first drive member 341, and drives the first drive member 341 and the heating element 32 to move synchronously toward or away from the filter 10. After the first drive member 341 drives the heating element 32 to rotate, the second drive member 343 drives the heating element 32 toward or away from the filter 10, thereby achieving the switching of the working mode of the heating mechanism 30.

[0050] Furthermore, the drive assembly 34 also includes a bracket 345, a pulley 347, a traction rope 348, and a slider 349. The slider 349 is slidably mounted on the bracket 345. The first drive member 341 is fixed to the slider 349 and is used to drive the heating element 32 to rotate. The pulley 347 is fixed to the bracket 345. One end of the traction rope 348 is connected to the second drive member 343, and the other end is connected to the slider 349. The traction rope 348 is wound around the pulley 347. When the second drive member 343 outputs a rotational motion, it can drive the traction rope 348 to rise and fall around the pulley 347, thereby pulling the slider 349, the first drive member 341, and the heating element 32 to rise and fall, thereby achieving a lifting drive.

[0051] In some embodiments, the air purifier 100 further includes a controller. When the controller receives a sterilization instruction, it controls the heating mechanism 30 to switch to a sterilization mode and controls the heating mechanism 30 to heat the filter 10 at a temperature within a preset temperature range for a corresponding time. In other words, when the sterilization instruction is triggered, the controller controls the drive assembly 34 to move the heating element 32, causing the heating element 32 to fit the filter 10, and switching the heating mechanism 30 to the sterilization mode. The controller then controls the heating mechanism 30 to heat within the preset temperature range for a corresponding time, thereby achieving the purpose of effectively sterilizing the filter 10.

[0052] Furthermore, the air purifier 100 also includes a temperature sensing package, which is provided on the heating mechanism 30 for sensing the heating temperature, specifically on the heating element 32. The controller starts timing the corresponding time when the heating temperature reaches the minimum value of the preset temperature range. That is, when the heating mechanism 30 heats up to enter the preset temperature range, the timing starts to record the heating time within the preset temperature range, thereby effectively controlling the heating time. Optionally, the preset temperature range is 65-75°C, and the corresponding heating time is 40-50 minutes, preferably 45 minutes.

[0053] Furthermore, during a corresponding time period, if the heating temperature continuously exceeds the maximum value of the preset temperature range for a predetermined period of time, the controller controls the heating mechanism 30 to stop heating to prevent the heating temperature from being too high. If the heating temperature continuously falls below the minimum value of the preset temperature range for a predetermined period of time, the controller controls the heating mechanism 30 to start heating to increase the heating temperature to prevent the heating temperature from being too low. In this way, by monitoring the heating temperature in real time, the heating temperature can be dynamically adjusted to maintain it within the preset temperature range. Optionally, the preset time period is 8-12 seconds, preferably 10 seconds.

[0054] See Figure 6Specifically in this embodiment, when the controller receives the sterilization instruction, it controls the fan 50 to stop running, and controls the first driving member 341 to run, so as to drive the heating member 32 to rotate 90 degrees, so that the heating member 32 is parallel to the filter 10. Afterwards, the second driving member 343 is controlled to run, driving the heating member 32 to rise until it is in contact with the filter 10. Next, the controller controls the heating film to be powered on for heating, and when the heating temperature is greater than 65°C, starts timing the corresponding time (45 minutes). During the 45-minute timing period, if the heating temperature is greater than 75°C for 10 consecutive seconds, the heating member 32 is controlled to stop heating; if the heating temperature is less than 65°C for 10 consecutive seconds, the heating member 32 is controlled to start heating, so that the heating temperature is dynamically maintained within the preset temperature range (65-75°C). After the corresponding time is completed, the power to the heating element 32 is stopped, and the second driving element 343 is operated to drive the heating element 32 to descend and separate from the filter 10. Then the first driving element 341 is operated to drive the heating element 32 to rotate 90° in the opposite direction, so that the heating element 32 is rotated to be perpendicular to the filter 10, so that the heating mechanism 30 is restored to the initial mode, and the sterilization process is contacted.

[0055] When the air purifier 100 is in operation, the heating mechanism 30 is switched to the initial mode, separating the heating mechanism 30 from the filter 10 and preventing direct contact with the filter 10. Furthermore, the orthographic projection of the heating mechanism 30 toward the filter 10 is offset from at least a portion of the filter 10, thereby offsetting the heating mechanism 30 from the filter 10. In this manner, the heating mechanism 30 does not completely block the windward or outlet surfaces of the filter 10, allowing air to flow smoothly through the filter 10 for filtration. When the air purifier 100 has been operating for a period of time and requires sterilization, the heating mechanism 30 is switched to the sterilization mode, bringing the heating mechanism 30 into direct contact with the filter 10. This allows the heat generated by the heating mechanism 30 to be directly transferred to the filter 10, thereby inactivating viruses and bacteria on the filter 10.

[0056] In this way, the filter 10 is sterilized at high temperature by the heating mechanism 30, which is in direct contact with the filter 10. Heat is directly transferred from the heating mechanism 30 to the filter 10, allowing the filter 10 to reach the desired sterilization temperature more quickly, resulting in a higher sterilization efficiency. Furthermore, because heat can be directly transferred, the heating power of the heating mechanism 30 is lower, resulting in lower power consumption during operation.

[0057] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0058] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent for this invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An air purifier, characterized in that: The air purifier comprises: filter (10); A heating mechanism (30) is provided on one side of the filter screen (10); The heating mechanism (30) has an initial mode in which the heating mechanism is separated from the filter (10) and its orthographic projection toward the filter (10) is offset from at least a portion of the filter (10), and a sterilization mode in which the heating mechanism is in direct contact with the filter (10); The heating mechanism (30) includes a heating element (32) and a driving assembly (34) connected to each other; In the initial mode, the heating element (32) is driven by the driving assembly (34) to move to be separated from the filter (10), and the orthographic projection toward the filter (10) is misaligned with at least a portion of the filter (10); In the sterilization mode, the heating element (32) is driven by the driving assembly (34) to move to fit the windward side or the leeward side of the filter (10); The driving assembly (34) includes a first driving member (341) and a second driving member (343); The output end of the first driving member (341) is connected to the heating member (32) and is used to drive the heating member (32) to rotate so that the heat-conducting surface of the heating member (32) is parallel to or intersects with the filter (10); the output end of the second driving member (343) is connected to the first driving member (341) and drives the first driving member (341) and the heating member (32) to move synchronously toward or away from the filter (10).

2. The air purifier according to claim 1, characterized in that The heating element (32) is an electric heating film, and the heating element (32) has a heat-conducting surface that matches the windward surface or the leeward surface of the filter (10); In the initial mode, the heating element (32) is driven by the driving assembly (34) to rotate until the heat-conducting surface intersects with the filter (10) and is away from the filter (10); In the sterilization mode, the heating element (32) is driven by the driving assembly (34) to rotate until the heat-conducting surface is parallel to the filter (10), and moves closer to the filter (10) until it is in contact with the filter (10).

3. The air purifier according to claim 1, characterized in that The driving assembly (34) further comprises a bracket (345), a pulley (347), a traction rope (348) and a slider (349), wherein the slider (349) is slidably disposed on the bracket (345), and the first driving member (341) is fixed on the slider (349); The pulley (347) is fixed on the bracket (345), one end of the traction rope (348) is connected to the second driving member (343), and the other end is connected to the slider (349), and the traction rope (348) is wound around the outside of the pulley (347).

4. The air purifier according to claim 2, characterized in that The filter screen (10) and the heating element (32) are constructed as two corrugated plates that can be nested in each other.

5. The air purifier according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The air purifier further comprises a controller, which controls the heating mechanism (30) to switch to the sterilization mode when receiving a sterilization instruction, and controls the heating mechanism (30) to heat the filter (10) at a temperature within a preset temperature range for a corresponding period of time.

6. The air purifier according to claim 5, characterized in that The air purifier further comprises a temperature sensing package, which is arranged on the heating mechanism (30) and is used to sense the heating temperature; The controller starts timing the corresponding time when the heating temperature reaches a minimum value in the preset temperature range.

7. The air purifier according to claim 6, characterized in that During the corresponding time period, if the heating temperature continuously exceeds the maximum value of the preset temperature range within the preset time period, the controller controls the heating mechanism (30) to stop heating; If the heating temperature is continuously lower than the minimum value of the preset temperature range within the preset time period, the controller controls the heating mechanism (30) to start heating.

8. The air purifier according to claim 7, characterized in that The corresponding duration is 40-50 minutes; the preset duration is 8-12 seconds.

9. The air purifier according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The air purifier further comprises a fan (50), which drives outside air to flow through the filter (10) when the heating mechanism (30) is in the initial mode; and stops working when the heating mechanism (30) is in the sterilization mode.

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