A test tube component detection device and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a test tube component detection device and method, the test tube component detection device comprises a rotating device, a laser beam emitter, a laser beam receiver and a processor, wherein the laser beam emitter and the laser beam receiver are arranged opposite to each other. The scheme uses the super strong penetrating power of the laser to obtain the sample signal value, and uses the rotating device to obtain the signal value of the laser penetrating the blood in different position states. The processor matches the first signal value, the second signal value and the third signal value in different position states with the signal threshold range conditions of each blood quality classification of the preset signal threshold group and analyzes the quality of the target sample according to the matching result, fully considering the barcode pasting on the surface of the sample test tube, and based on the barcode pasting state, the rotating device is used to obtain the signal value in different position states, and the signal value in different position states is used to comprehensively judge the blood quality, and the blood quality recognition accuracy is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to a test tube component detection device and method. Background Art

[0002] The medical clinical inspection process includes three stages: pre-analysis, in-analysis, and post-analysis. The pre-analysis error accounts for about 70% of the total laboratory error. Therefore, ensuring the quality of the sample is qualified is the premise for accurate and reliable inspection results.

[0003] Currently, in the laboratory, mainly when the inspection personnel receive the sample at the front desk or before manually putting it on the instrument for detection, they check whether the correct blood collection tube is used for the sample, whether the sample volume is too much or too little, whether the proportion of serum or plasma is too much, whether the sample is centrifuged, whether the sample is hemolyzed, jaundiced, lipemic, whether there are clots or fibrin filaments, etc., and manually evaluate whether the sample quality is qualified. This is a large workload for the staff, and the manual detection efficiency is low, and the error rate is also high. For this reason, some laboratories have introduced a pipeline system connected to a sample pre-treatment system to automatically realize operations such as sample identification, centrifugation, and opening of the cap, reducing the manual intervention link to a certain extent. Among them, for the identification of sample quality, in the prior art, the method of camera photographing and identification is usually adopted. By comparing the photographed sample photo with the preset standard sample photo, the sample quality situation is analyzed. However, for this solution, due to certain individual or batch differences in the pasting position of the barcode attached to the sample test tube, it greatly affects the identification of blood quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a test tube component detection device and method.

[0005] The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A test tube component detection device, characterized in that it includes a rotating device, a laser beam emitter, a laser beam receiver, and a processor. The laser beam emitter and the laser beam receiver are oppositely arranged. The laser beam receiver includes a photodiode and a signal amplifier;

[0007] The rotating device is used to carry the sample test tube and rotate the sample test tube;

[0008] The laser beam emitter is used to emit a laser beam that penetrates the blood sample;

[0009] The laser beam receiver is used to receive the laser beam that penetrates the blood sample and generate a signal value according to the received laser;

[0010] The processor is used to analyze and judge the blood quality grading according to the signal value.

[0011] Further, it is characterized in that the rotating device is arranged between the laser beam emitter and the laser beam receiver for rotating the carried sample test tube between the laser emission area of the laser beam emitter and the laser reception area of the laser beam receiver.

[0012] Further, it is characterized in that the processor includes a database system and an analysis system;

[0013] The database system is used to store signal threshold groups of blood with different quality grades;

[0014] The analysis system is used to analyze the blood quality grade.

[0015] Further, the method for building the database system includes:

[0016] Setting the number and types of blood quality grades;

[0017] According to the blood quality grading situation, N samples with known blood quality grades are pre-selected, and a signal value group of the N samples with known blood quality grades is obtained, where N is a natural number not less than the number of blood quality grades, and the N samples with known blood quality grades should cover each set blood quality grade;

[0018] According to the signal value group of the N samples with known blood quality grades obtained, signal threshold groups in different blood quality grade states are set.

[0019] Further, a barcode is pasted on the sample test tube, and there is a gap between the barcode and the sample test tube. The signal value group includes a first signal value, a second signal value, and a third signal value. The method for obtaining the signal value group of the N samples with known blood quality grades includes:

[0020] The rotating device drives the sample test tube with the barcode pasted on it to rotate;

[0021] Obtaining the first signal value when the laser beam is emitted from one side of the barcode, transmits through the blood sample, and exits from the other side of the barcode;

[0022] Obtaining the second signal value when the laser beam is emitted from one side of the barcode, transmits through the blood sample, and exits from the gap;

[0023] Obtaining the third signal value when the laser beam is emitted from the gap, transmits through the blood sample, and exits from the other side of the barcode.

[0024] Further, the first signal value is less than the second signal value, and the second signal value is less than the third signal value.

[0025] Further, the blood quality grading includes normal, mild quality abnormality, and severe quality abnormality. The signal threshold group includes a first normal signal threshold, a second normal signal threshold, a third normal signal threshold, a first mild signal threshold, a second mild signal threshold, a third mild signal threshold, a first severe signal threshold, a second severe signal threshold, and a third severe signal threshold. The method for obtaining the signal threshold group includes:

[0026] Set the known sample number of normal blood as n1, set the known sample number of mild quality abnormality as n2, and set the known sample number of severe quality abnormality as n3. Among them, n1 + n2 + n3 = N, and n1, n2, and n3 are all natural numbers not less than 1.

[0027] Obtain and calculate the average values of the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value of n1 known samples of normal blood according to the foregoing method. Set the average value of the first signal value of n1 known samples of normal blood as the first normal signal threshold, set the average value of the second signal value of n1 known samples of normal blood as the second normal signal threshold, and set the average value of the third signal value of n1 known samples of normal blood as the third normal signal threshold.

[0028] Obtain and calculate the average values of the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value of n2 known samples of mild quality abnormality according to the foregoing method. Set the average value of the first signal value of n2 known samples of mild quality abnormality as the first mild signal threshold, set the average value of the second signal value of n2 known samples of mild quality abnormality as the second mild signal threshold, and set the average value of the third signal value of n2 known samples of mild quality abnormality as the third mild signal threshold.

[0029] Obtain and calculate the average values of the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value of n3 known samples of severe quality abnormality according to the foregoing method. Set the average value of the first signal value of n3 known samples of severe quality abnormality as the first severe signal threshold, set the average value of the second signal value of n3 known samples of severe quality abnormality as the second severe signal threshold, and set the average value of the third signal value of n3 known samples of severe quality abnormality as the third severe signal threshold.

[0030] Further, set the first normal signal threshold, the second normal signal threshold, the third normal signal threshold, the first mild signal threshold, the second mild signal threshold, the third mild signal threshold, the first severe signal threshold, the second severe signal threshold, and the third severe signal threshold as N1, N2, N3, M1, M2, M3, H1, H2, and H3 respectively, where 600 ≤ N1 ≤ 700, 1500 ≤ N2 ≤ 1800, 2500 ≤ N3 ≤ 6000, 500 ≤ M1 ≤ 650, 800 ≤ M2 ≤ 1300, 1200 ≤ M3 ≤ 5500, 500 ≤ H1 ≤ 600, 650 ≤ H2 ≤ 750, 700 ≤ H3 ≤ 1200.

[0031] Further, the method for the analysis system to analyze the blood quality grading includes:

[0032] Set the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value of the target sample as P1, P2, and P3 respectively;

[0033] When 600 ≤ P1 ≤ 700, 1500 ≤ P2 ≤ 1800, and 2500 ≤ P3 ≤ 6000, the target sample is a normal sample;

[0034] When 500 ≤ P1 ≤ 650, 800 ≤ P2 ≤ 1300, and 1200 ≤ P3 ≤ 5500, the target sample is a sample with mild quality abnormality;

[0035] When 500 ≤ P1 ≤ 600, 650 ≤ P2 ≤ 750, and 700 ≤ P3 ≤ 1200, the target sample is a sample with severe quality abnormality.

[0036] A method for detecting the components of a test tube specifically includes:

[0037] Place the sample test tube loaded with the target sample in the rotating device;

[0038] The rotating device drives the rotation of the sample test tube;

[0039] The laser beam emitter emits a laser beam that transmits through the blood sample;

[0040] The laser beam receiver receives the laser beam that penetrates the blood sample and generates a first signal value, a second signal value, and a third signal value based on the received laser;

[0041] The laser beam receiver feeds back the generated first signal value, second signal value, and third signal value to the processor;

[0042] The processor matches the first signal value, second signal value, and third signal value of the target sample received with the signal threshold ranges under each blood quality grading of the signal threshold group;

[0043] The processor analyzes the quality of the target sample according to the matching result.

[0044] In combination with the structural features of the present invention, compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a test tube component detection device and method, the test tube component detection device includes a rotating device, a laser beam emitter, a laser beam receiver and a processor, the laser beam emitter and the laser beam receiver are arranged opposite to each other, the rotating device is used to carry the sample test tube and rotate the sample test tube, the laser beam emitter is used to emit a laser beam that penetrates the blood sample, the laser beam receiver is used to receive the laser beam that penetrates the blood sample and generates a signal value according to the received laser, and the processor is used to analyze and determine the blood quality grade according to the signal value. This scheme uses the super-strong penetrating power of laser to obtain sample signal values, and uses a rotating device to obtain signal values of laser penetrating blood in different position states. The processor matches the first signal value, the second signal value and the third signal value in different position states with the signal threshold range conditions under each blood quality grade of the preset signal threshold group, and analyzes the quality of the target sample according to the matching result. For this scheme, the barcode pasting on the surface of the sample test tube is taken into consideration, and based on the barcode pasting state, a rotating device is used to simultaneously obtain signal values in different position states such as the laser shooting from the barcode on one side into the barcode on the other side, shooting from the barcode on one side into the gap, and shooting from the gap into the barcode on the other side. The signal values in different position states are used to comprehensively judge the blood quality. The blood quality recognition accuracy is high, which effectively solves the problem of affecting the recognition accuracy of blood quality in the prior art due to the possibility of certain individual or batch differences in the pasting position of the barcode pasted on the sample test tube. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a test tube component detection device according to the present invention.

[0047] Among them, 1-rotating device, 2-sample tube, 3-barcode, 4-slit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture. If this specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0050] As Figure 1 shown, a test tube component detection device includes a rotating device 1, a laser beam emitter, a laser beam receiver and a processor. The laser beam emitter and the laser beam receiver are arranged opposite to each other. The laser beam receiver includes a photodiode and a signal amplifier;

[0051] The rotating device 1 is arranged between the laser beam emitter and the laser beam receiver to rotate the loaded sample test tube 2 360° between the laser emission area of the laser beam emitter and the laser reception area of the laser beam receiver. It should be noted that Figure 1 The figure shown is only a schematic diagram and does not represent the actual structural features of the rotating device. Any mechanism device with a rotating function falls within the scope of protection of the present invention;

[0052] The laser beam emitter is used to emit a laser beam that transmits through the blood sample. It should be noted that the laser emitter can be a laser beam emitter formed by multiple laser emission devices, or a laser beam emitter formed by splitting a single laser beam into multiple laser beams through an optical path splitting device, and both fall within the scope of protection of the present invention;

[0053] The laser beam receiver is used to receive the laser beam that penetrates the blood sample and generate a signal value according to the received laser. It should be noted that the signal value can be a current value, a voltage value, a wavelength value, etc., and all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] The processor is used to analyze and judge the blood quality grading according to the signal value.

[0055] In one embodiment, the processor includes a database system and an analysis system. The database system is used to store the signal threshold groups of blood with different quality gradings, and the analysis system is used to analyze the blood quality grading. Among them, the method for building the database system includes:

[0056] Set the number and type of blood quality grades. In this embodiment, the blood quality grades include 3 grades, namely normal, mild quality abnormality, and severe quality abnormality. Among them, the mild quality abnormality and severe quality abnormality are blood samples with mild lipemia and severe lipemia respectively;

[0057] According to the blood quality grading situation, 12 samples with known blood quality grades are pre-selected. Among them, these 12 samples with known blood quality grades cover the blood quality of the 3 different grades set. In this embodiment, among the 12 samples with known blood quality grades, there are 3 normal samples, 4 samples with mild lipemia, and 5 samples with severe lipemia. A barcode 3 is pasted on the sample tube 2 for loading the samples. The barcode is used to store sample information, such as test item information, patient information, etc. There is a gap 4 left between the barcode 3 and the sample tube 2. As Figure 1 shown, the signal value groups of the 12 samples with known blood quality grades are obtained by the following methods S1 - S4. Among them, the signal value groups include the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value:

[0058] S1: The rotating device 1 drives the sample tube 2 with the barcode 3 pasted on it to rotate 360°;

[0059] S2: The laser beam emitter emits a laser beam that transmits through the blood sample. During the process of the rotating device driving the sample tube to rotate, the laser beam receiver receives the laser beam that transmits through the blood sample from one - side barcode and exits from the other - side barcode and converts it into a digital signal value as the first signal value;

[0060] S3: The laser beam emitter emits a laser beam that transmits through the blood sample. During the process of the rotating device driving the sample tube to rotate, the laser beam receiver receives the laser beam that transmits through the blood sample from one - side barcode and exits from the gap 4 and converts it into a digital signal value as the second signal value;

[0061] S4: The laser beam emitter emits a laser beam that transmits through the blood sample. During the process of the rotating device driving the sample tube to rotate, the laser beam receiver receives the laser beam that transmits through the blood sample from the gap and exits from the other - side barcode and converts it into a digital signal value as the third signal value;

[0062] Among them, through experimental research, the first signal value is less than the second signal value, and the second signal value is less than the third signal value.

[0063] According to the signal value groups of the 12 known blood quality grading samples obtained above, the signal threshold groups in each blood quality grading state are set by the following methods S5 to S8. The signal threshold groups include the first normal signal threshold, the second normal signal threshold, the third normal signal threshold, the first mild signal threshold, the second mild signal threshold, the third mild signal threshold, the first severe signal threshold, the second severe signal threshold, and the third severe signal threshold:

[0064] S5: The number of known samples of normal blood is 3, the number of known samples of mild lipemia is 4, and the number of known samples of severe lipemia is 5;

[0065] S6: Respectively obtain and calculate the average values of the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value of the 3 known samples of normal blood according to the methods S1 to S4 described above. The average value of the first signal value of the 3 known samples of normal blood is the first normal signal threshold N1, the average value of the second signal value of the 3 known samples of normal blood is the second normal signal threshold N2, and the average value of the third signal value of the 3 known samples of normal blood is the third normal signal threshold N3;

[0066] S7: Respectively obtain and calculate the average values of the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value of the 4 known samples of mild quality abnormality according to the methods S1 to S4 described above. The average value of the first signal value of the 4 known samples of mild lipemia is the first mild signal threshold M1, the average value of the second signal value of the 4 known samples of mild lipemia is the second mild signal threshold M2, and the average value of the third signal value of the 4 known samples of mild lipemia is the third mild signal threshold M3;

[0067] S8: Respectively obtain and calculate the average values of the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value of the 5 known samples of severe lipemia according to the methods S1 to S4 described above. The average value of the first signal value of the 5 known samples of severe lipemia is the first severe signal threshold H1, the average value of the second signal value of the 5 known samples of severe lipemia is the second severe signal threshold H2, and the average value of the third signal value of the 5 known samples of severe lipemia is the third severe signal threshold H3;

[0068] In one embodiment, 600 ≤ N1 ≤ 700, 1500 ≤ N2 ≤ 1800, 2500 ≤ N3 ≤ 6000, 500 ≤ M1 ≤ 650, 800 ≤ M2 ≤ 1300, 1200 ≤ M3 ≤ 5500, 500 ≤ H1 ≤ 600, 650 ≤ H2 ≤ 750, 700 ≤ H3 ≤ 1200.

[0069] In one embodiment, the method for the analysis system to analyze blood quality grading includes:

[0070] Set the first signal value, second signal value, and third signal value of the target sample to P1, P2, and P3 respectively;

[0071] When 600 ≤ P1 ≤ 700, 1500 ≤ P2 ≤ 1800, and 2500 ≤ P3 ≤ 6000, the target sample is a normal sample;

[0072] When 500 ≤ P1 ≤ 650, 800 ≤ P2 ≤ 1300, and 1200 ≤ P3 ≤ 5500, the target sample is a sample with mild lipemia;

[0073] When 500 ≤ P1 ≤ 600, 650 ≤ P2 ≤ 750, and 700 ≤ P3 ≤ 1200, the target sample is a sample with severe lipemia.

[0074] The following are the analysis results of 9 target samples. Among them, as described in the foregoing embodiment, the first signal value is the signal value obtained by the laser beam receiver receiving the laser beam that penetrates the blood sample and is emitted from one side barcode and exits from the other side barcode and converting it into a digital value. The second signal value is the signal value obtained by the laser beam receiver receiving the laser beam that penetrates the blood sample and is emitted from one side barcode and exits from slit 4 and converting it into a digital value. The third signal value is the signal value obtained by the laser beam receiver receiving the laser beam that penetrates the blood sample and is emitted from the slit and exits from the other side barcode and converting it into a digital value:

[0075]

[0076] A test tube component detection method involved in the present invention specifically includes:

[0077] Place the sample test tube 2 loaded with the target sample in the rotating device 1;

[0078] The rotating device drives the sample test tube to rotate 360°;

[0079] The laser beam emitter emits a laser beam that penetrates the blood sample;

[0080] The laser beam receiver receives the laser beam that penetrates the blood sample and generates a first signal value, a second signal value, and a third signal value based on the received laser;

[0081] The laser beam receiver feeds back the generated first signal value, second signal value, and third signal value to the processor;

[0082] The processor matches the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value of the received target sample with the signal threshold ranges under each blood quality grading of the signal threshold group. The processor analyzes the quality of the target sample according to the matching result, that is, when the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value of the target sample simultaneously satisfy the signal value ranges of the first normal signal threshold N1, the second normal signal threshold N2, and the third normal signal threshold N3 respectively, it is determined as a normal blood sample. When the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value of the target sample simultaneously satisfy the signal value ranges of the first mild signal threshold M1, the second mild signal threshold M2, and the third mild signal threshold M3 respectively, it is determined as a blood sample with mild lipemia. When the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value of the target sample simultaneously satisfy the signal value ranges of the first severe signal threshold H1, the second severe signal threshold H2, and the third severe signal threshold H3 respectively, it is determined as a blood sample with severe lipemia.

[0083] The test tube component detection device and method of the present invention rotate the sample test tube through a rotating device, enabling the laser beam emitter to penetrate the blood sample from multiple position states. The laser beam receiver converts the laser beams received in different position states into different digital signal values, including a first signal value obtained by the laser beam receiver receiving the laser beam that penetrates the blood sample when transmitted from one side barcode through the blood sample and emitted from the other side barcode and converting it into a digital signal, a second signal value obtained by the laser beam receiver receiving the laser beam that penetrates the blood sample when transmitted from one side barcode through the blood sample and emitted from the slit 4 and converting it into a digital signal, and a third signal value obtained by the laser beam receiver receiving the laser beam that penetrates the blood sample when transmitted from the slit through the blood sample and emitted from the other side barcode and converting it into a digital signal. The first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value are fed back to the processor, and the processor matches and judges the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value with the signal value ranges of the first normal signal threshold N1, the second normal signal threshold N2, the third normal signal threshold N3, the first mild signal threshold M1, the second mild signal threshold M2, the third mild signal threshold M3, the first severe signal threshold H1, the second severe signal threshold H2, and the third severe signal threshold H3. Only when the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value respectively fall within the three signal threshold ranges of a certain level can the blood quality result be determined. This solution, on the one hand, solves the problem in the prior art that the recognition accuracy of blood quality is affected due to possible individual or batch differences in the pasting positions of the barcodes on the sample test tubes. Because there are three position states for obtaining the target sample signal values in this solution, the pasting situation of the barcodes is fully considered and not affected by the barcode pasting. On the other hand, by comprehensively judging the three signal values obtained from the three position states, it is necessary to simultaneously meet the three signal threshold range conditions corresponding to the blood quality level to determine that the target sample falls within the corresponding blood quality category. Therefore, this method has high recognition accuracy of blood quality and low error rate.

[0084] The applicant declares that the above-described embodiments only represent the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification is only the principle of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art in this industry, without departing from the concept and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements can still be made, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed.

[0085] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. All embodiments that adopt a structure and method similar to the present invention to achieve the purpose of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test tube component detection device, characterized in that, It includes a rotating device, a laser beam emitter, a laser beam receiver, and a processor. The laser beam emitter and the laser beam receiver are arranged opposite to each other. The laser beam receiver includes a photodiode and a signal amplifier; The rotating device is used to carry a sample test tube and rotate the sample test tube; The laser beam emitter is used to emit a laser beam that transmits through the blood sample; The laser beam receiver is used to receive the laser beam that penetrates the blood sample and generate a signal value based on the received laser; The processor is used to analyze and judge the blood quality grading according to the signal value. The processor includes a database system and an analysis system. The database system is used to store a set of signal thresholds for blood of different quality gradings; The analysis system is used to analyze the blood quality grading; The method for building the database system includes: setting the number and types of blood quality gradings; according to the blood quality grading situation, pre-selecting N samples with known blood quality gradings and obtaining a set of signal values of the N samples with known blood quality gradings; A barcode is pasted on the sample test tube, and there is a gap between the barcode and the sample test tube. The set of signal values includes a first signal value, a second signal value, and a third signal value. The method for obtaining the set of signal values of the N samples with known blood quality gradings includes: the rotating device drives the sample test tube with the barcode pasted on it to rotate; obtaining the first signal value when the laser beam is emitted from one side of the barcode, transmits through the blood sample, and exits from the other side of the barcode; obtaining the second signal value when the laser beam is emitted from one side of the barcode, transmits through the blood sample, and exits from the gap; obtaining the third signal value when the laser beam is emitted from the gap, transmits through the blood sample, and exits from the other side of the barcode.

2. The test tube component detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating device is arranged between the laser beam emitter and the laser beam receiver to rotate the carried sample test tube between the laser emission area of the laser beam emitter and the laser reception area of the laser beam receiver.

3. The test tube component detection device according to claim 1, wherein, The method for building the database system further includes: N is a natural number not less than the number of blood quality gradings, and the N samples with known blood quality gradings cover each set blood quality grading; According to the set of signal values of the N samples with known blood quality gradings obtained, set a set of signal thresholds for different blood quality grading states.

4. A test tube component detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first signal value is less than the second signal value, and the second signal value is less than the third signal value.

5. The test tube component detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The blood quality grading includes normal, mild quality abnormality, and severe quality abnormality. The set of signal thresholds includes a first normal signal threshold, a second normal signal threshold, a third normal signal threshold, a first mild signal threshold, a second mild signal threshold, a third mild signal threshold, a first severe signal threshold, a second severe signal threshold, and a third severe signal threshold. The method for obtaining the set of signal thresholds includes: Setting the number of known samples of normal blood as n1, setting the number of known samples of mild quality abnormality as n2, and setting the number of known samples of severe quality abnormality as n3. Among them, n1 + n2 + n3 = N, and n1, n2, and n3 are all natural numbers not less than 1; Obtain and calculate the average values of the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value of n1 known samples of normal blood respectively according to the foregoing method. Set the average value of the first signal value of the n1 known samples of normal blood as the first normal signal threshold, set the average value of the second signal value of the n1 known samples of normal blood as the second normal signal threshold, and set the average value of the third signal value of the n1 known samples of normal blood as the third normal signal threshold; Obtain and calculate the average values of the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value of n2 known samples with mild quality abnormalities respectively according to the foregoing method. Set the average value of the first signal value of the n2 known samples with mild quality abnormalities as the first mild signal threshold, set the average value of the second signal value of the n2 known samples with mild quality abnormalities as the second mild signal threshold, and set the average value of the third signal value of the n2 known samples with mild quality abnormalities as the third mild signal threshold; Obtain and calculate the average values of the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value of n3 known samples with severe quality abnormalities respectively according to the foregoing method. Set the average value of the first signal value of the n3 known samples with severe quality abnormalities as the first severe signal threshold, set the average value of the second signal value of the n3 known samples with severe quality abnormalities as the second severe signal threshold, and set the average value of the third signal value of the n3 known samples with severe quality abnormalities as the third severe signal threshold.

6. The test tube component detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Set the first normal signal threshold, the second normal signal threshold, the third normal signal threshold, the first mild signal threshold, the second mild signal threshold, the third mild signal threshold, the first severe signal threshold, the second severe signal threshold, and the third severe signal threshold as N1, N2, N3, M1, M2, M3, H1, H2, and H3 respectively, where 600 ≤ N1 ≤ 700, 1500 ≤ N2 ≤ 1800, 2500 ≤ N3 ≤ 6000, 500 ≤ M1 ≤ 650, 800 ≤ M2 ≤ 1300, 1200 ≤ M3 ≤ 5500, 500 ≤ H1 ≤ 600, 650 ≤ H2 ≤ 750, 700 ≤ H3 ≤ 1200.

7. The test tube component detection device according to claim 6, wherein, The method for the analysis system to analyze the blood quality grading includes: Set the first signal value, the second signal value, and the third signal value of the target sample as P1, P2, and P3 respectively; When 600 ≤ P1 ≤ 700, and 1500 ≤ P2 ≤ 1800, and 2500 ≤ P3 ≤ 6000, the target sample is a normal sample; When 500 ≤ P1 ≤ 650, and 800 ≤ P2 ≤ 1300, and 1200 ≤ P3 ≤ 5500, the target sample is a sample with mild quality abnormalities; When 500 ≤ P1 ≤ 600, and 650 ≤ P2 ≤ 750, and 700 ≤ P3 ≤ 1200, the target sample is a sample with severe quality abnormalities.

8. A test tube component detection method, characterized in that, Use a test tube component detection device according to claim 7, specifically including: Place the sample test tube loaded with the target sample in the rotating device; The rotating device drives the rotation of the sample test tube; The laser beam emitter emits a laser beam that transmits through the blood sample; The laser beam receiver receives the laser beam penetrating the blood sample and generates a first signal value, a second signal value, and a third signal value based on the received laser; The laser beam receiver feeds back the generated first signal value, second signal value, and third signal value to the processor; The processor matches the first signal value, second signal value, and third signal value of the target sample received with the signal threshold range conditions under each blood quality grading of the signal threshold group; The processor analyzes the quality of the target sample according to the matching result.

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