A communication device overload protection apparatus

Abstract

A kind of communication equipment overload protection device, including voltage stabilizing power supply, battery, also have voltage detection circuit, arc detection circuit, temperature detection circuit, control circuit, short message circuit, filtering mechanism, trigger circuit;Filtering mechanism includes the electric telescopic rod, electromagnetic valve, fan, filter shell, filter core, filter core box, waste tank installed together;Waste tank, filter shell, filter core box are installed in electrical equipment box;Filter core is placed into filter core box, and the upper end of filter core box has photoelectric switch;First set of electric telescopic rod is installed in the side of waste tank and is equipped with sealing plate, second set of electric telescopic rod is installed in the side end of filter core box, and second set of electric telescopic rod is equipped with push block;Trigger circuit is equipped with pressure detection mechanism and is installed in the side of exhaust pipe;Voltage stabilizing power supply, battery, voltage detection circuit, arc detection circuit, temperature detection circuit, control circuit, short message circuit, trigger circuit are installed in component box and are electrically connected.The present application can play the protection effect to communication equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical protection equipment technology, and in particular to an overload protection device for communication equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless and wired communication equipment (such as mobile communication base stations) uses equipment enclosures to house the electrical equipment for proper operation and installation. Since many electrical devices generate significant heat during operation, existing equipment enclosures are equipped with ventilation holes or cooling fans to ensure airflow within the enclosure and prevent excessive temperature rise from adversely affecting the normal operation of the electrical equipment.

[0003] Existing equipment enclosures for communication devices, due to structural limitations, only serve a heat dissipation function and cannot monitor the electrical status of the equipment installed inside in real time. For example, they cannot monitor whether the supply voltage is too high, whether the operating temperature of the electrical equipment is too high, or whether the electrical equipment is malfunctioning and causing arcing. Therefore, when these problems occur, the electrical equipment inside the enclosure is not protected in time, and there is a possibility of damage to the electrical equipment due to overvoltage, overcurrent, excessive temperature rise, or arcing, failing to effectively guarantee safe communication. Furthermore, although existing equipment enclosures can achieve internal air circulation and heat dissipation, external moisture and dust can easily enter the enclosure along with the air. Excessive humidity and dust inside the enclosure can potentially damage the electrical equipment (for example, excessive humidity can cause electrical conduction between insulated components, leading to short circuits; excessive dust and poor heat dissipation can also cause damage). Although existing technologies use filtration mechanisms to filter the air before it enters the equipment enclosure, these mechanisms can become clogged with dust and other debris after a period of use, reducing or even eliminating the amount of air entering the enclosure. This can severely hinder the heat dissipation of electrical equipment inside the enclosure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the drawbacks of existing communication equipment enclosures due to structural limitations, as described in the background, this invention provides a communication equipment overload protection device that, through the combined action of relevant mechanisms and circuits, can monitor the voltage and temperature data of electrical equipment within the enclosure in real time. It can also monitor for arcing within the enclosure. In the event of voltage or temperature exceeding limits or arcing, it can immediately disconnect the main power supply to the electrical equipment, protecting all electrical devices and sending a text message to relevant personnel at a remote location for timely on-site maintenance. Furthermore, it effectively dissipates heat within the enclosure, preventing dust and humid air from entering. It also automatically monitors the performance of the filtration mechanism and automatically replaces the filter element when its performance deteriorates, ensuring smooth filtration of dust and humid air and preventing dust from the contaminated filter element from adhering to the electrical equipment before replacement.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0006] An overload protection device for communication equipment includes a regulated power supply and a storage battery. It is characterized by further comprising a voltage detection circuit, an arc detection circuit, a temperature detection circuit, a control circuit, a text messaging circuit, a filtering mechanism, and a trigger circuit. The filtering mechanism includes an electric telescopic rod, a solenoid valve, a fan, a filter housing, filter elements, a filter element box, and a waste bin. An air inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe are respectively installed on the upper and lower parts of the outer end of the filter housing. The other end of the air inlet pipe is located outside the electrical equipment box, and the other end of the exhaust pipe is connected to one end of the fan. The fan is installed inside the electrical equipment box, and the solenoid valve is installed on one side of the electrical equipment box. Multiple filter elements are included, each comprising a filter screen and a housing with filter holes at the upper and lower ends. Openings are located on both sides of the filter housing. The waste bin, filter housing, and filter element box are sequentially installed inside the electrical equipment box. Each side of the filter element box has an opening at its lower part, allowing multiple filter elements to be placed inside. One filter element is placed inside the filter housing. The upper end of the filter element box has a magnetically attached top cover, and a photoelectric switch is installed on the upper part of the top cover. Two sets of electric telescopic rods are provided. A first set of electric telescopic rods is installed on the upper side of the waste bin, with a sealing plate installed on the lower end of its movable rod. A second set of electric telescopic rods is installed on the side of the filter box, with a push block installed on the movable rod of the second set of electric telescopic rods. The trigger circuit is equipped with a pressure detection mechanism, which is installed on the side of the exhaust pipe. The regulated power supply, battery, voltage detection circuit, arc detection circuit, temperature detection circuit, control circuit, SMS circuit, and trigger circuit are installed in the component box. The signal output terminals of the arc detection circuit, temperature detection circuit, and voltage detection circuit are electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the SMS circuit. The power output terminal of the trigger circuit is electrically connected to the power input terminal of the control circuit. The power output terminal of the control circuit is electrically connected to the power input terminals of the two sets of electric telescopic rods. The control power output terminal of the SMS circuit is electrically connected to the main power input terminal of the electrical equipment. The signal output terminal of the trigger circuit is electrically connected to the power input terminal of the fan and solenoid valve. The signal terminal of the pressure detection mechanism is electrically connected in series between the two signal input terminals of the trigger circuit.

[0007] Furthermore, the solenoid valve is a normally closed valve core solenoid valve.

[0008] Furthermore, the voltage detection circuit includes an electrically connected rectifier bridge, a capacitor, a resistor, and an adjustable resistor. The positive power output terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor and one end of the resistor. The other end of the resistor is connected to one end of the adjustable resistor. The other end of the adjustable resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the rectifier bridge and the negative terminal of the capacitor.

[0009] Furthermore, the arc detection circuit includes a photoresistor and an adjustable resistor that are electrically connected, with one end of the adjustable resistor connected to one end of the photoresistor.

[0010] Furthermore, the temperature detection circuit includes a thermistor and an adjustable resistor that are electrically connected, with one end of the thermistor and one end of the adjustable resistor connected together.

[0011] Furthermore, the trigger circuit includes a time-controlled switch, a relay, a resistor, and an NPN transistor that are electrically connected. The positive power input terminal of the time-controlled switch is connected to the positive power input terminal and the control power input terminal of the relay. The negative power input terminal of the time-controlled switch is connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor. One end of the resistor is connected to the base of the NPN transistor. The collector of the NPN transistor is connected to the negative power input terminal of the relay.

[0012] Furthermore, the SMS circuit includes a microcontroller module, a resistor, an NPN transistor, a relay, and an SMS module electrically connected to each other, and is electrically connected to a photoelectric switch. The positive power input terminal of the microcontroller module is connected to the positive power input terminals of the SMS module, the photoelectric switch, and the relay. The signal output terminal of the microcontroller module is connected to one end of the first resistor, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the base of the first NPN transistor. The collector of the first NPN transistor is connected to the first signal input terminal of the SMS module and the negative power input terminal of the relay. The signal output terminal of the photoelectric switch is connected to one end of the second resistor, and the other end of the second resistor is connected to the base of the second NPN transistor. The collector of the second NPN transistor is connected to the second signal input terminal of the SMS module. The emitters of the two NPN transistors are connected to the negative power input terminals of the microcontroller module and the SMS module.

[0013] Furthermore, the pressure detection mechanism includes an air tube, a spring, and a piston. The spring and piston are sequentially installed inside the air tube. The lower end of the air tube is connected to the exhaust pipe. A contact plate is installed on the upper end of the piston. A contact seat is installed on the air tube below the contact plate.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The voltage detection circuit, arc detection circuit, and temperature detection circuit of this invention can respectively monitor the input voltage data of electrical equipment, the temperature data inside the equipment box, and whether arcing occurs in the electrical equipment. When voltage or temperature exceeds the limit or arcing occurs, the SMS circuit can immediately disconnect the main power supply of the electrical equipment, protecting all electrical equipment, and sending an SMS to relevant personnel at a remote location for timely on-site maintenance. The trigger circuit can energize the solenoid valve and axial flow fan at regular intervals to dissipate heat inside the equipment box. The filtration mechanism ensures that dust and moisture in the flowing air entering the equipment box are filtered and absorbed, reducing the impact of dust and humid air on the normal operation of the electrical equipment. In particular, in this invention, the trigger circuit and pressure detection mechanism can also automatically monitor the performance of the filtration mechanism. When the filter element performance deteriorates, it can automatically replace the deteriorated filter element, ensuring smooth filtration of dust and humid air, and preventing dust on the filter element before replacement from adhering to the electrical equipment and adversely affecting its normal operation. Based on the above, this invention has good application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and a partially enlarged structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is the circuit diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Figure 1 , 2As shown, an overload protection device for communication equipment includes an electrical equipment box 1 with two hinged movable doors 101 at the front end, a regulated power supply A1, a storage battery G1, and also includes a voltage detection circuit 2, an arc detection circuit 3, a temperature detection circuit 4, a control circuit 5, a text messaging circuit 6, a filtering mechanism, and a trigger circuit 7. The filtering mechanism includes electric telescopic rods M1 and M2, a solenoid valve DC, an axial flow fan M (operating voltage DC 12V, power 60W), a filter shell 8, a filter element box 9, a filter element 10, and a waste bin 11. An air inlet pipe 12 and an exhaust pipe 13 communicating with the interior are welded to the upper and lower outer sides of the hollow sealed rectangular filter shell 8, respectively. The other end of the air inlet pipe 12 is sealed and welded to... The electrical equipment box 1 has an opening in the middle of the upper left side, with the outermost part of the air inlet pipe 12 located outside the equipment box 1. The other end of the exhaust pipe 13 is connected to the air inlet pipe of the axial flow fan M via a pipe joint. The exhaust pipe of the axial flow fan M is located at the lower end of the equipment box 1. A branch pipe 14, which communicates with the inside of the equipment box, is vertically welded to the middle of the upper end of the equipment box 1. The upper end of the branch pipe 14 is connected to one end of the solenoid valve DC via a thread (the solenoid valve DC is located outside the upper end of the equipment box 1). There are multiple filter elements 10. Each filter element 10 includes multiple filter cotton meshes 1011 stacked on top of each other and a rectangular shell 1012. The filter cotton meshes 1011 are sealed and installed inside the shell 1012. The upper and lower ends of the shell 1012 are distributed at a certain distance. Several air holes 1013 are provided. The filter housing 8 has a rectangular opening 81 at the lower left and right ends. The width of the opening 81 at its front and rear ends and its height at its top and bottom ends are 3 mm greater than the width of the filter element 10 at its front and rear ends and its height at its top and bottom ends. The waste bin 11, with an open upper structure, is installed in the lower left middle of the equipment box 1 via screws and nuts. The left end of the filter housing 8 is installed on the upper right side of the waste bin 11 via screws and nuts, and the lower end of the filter housing 8 is slightly higher than the upper end of the waste bin 11 by 2 mm. The rectangular filter element box 9 has an open upper structure. The filter element box 9 has a rectangular opening 91 at the lower left and right ends. The width of the opening 91 at its front and rear ends and its height at its top and bottom ends are 3 mm greater than the width of the filter element at its front and rear ends and its height at its top and bottom ends. The filter cartridge 9 has an inner diameter 3 mm larger than the outer diameter of the filter element 10 (and a height 5 times greater than the height of the filter element 10). The filter cartridge 9 is installed on the right side of the filter housing 8 via screws and nuts. Five filter elements 10 are placed into the filter cartridge 9 from top to bottom (one filter element is pre-placed in the filter housing, the inner diameter of the filter housing is 3 mm larger than the outer diameter of the filter element, and the height is 3 mm higher than the filter element). A hollow rectangular lower permanent magnet 92 is glued to the upper end of the filter cartridge 10. The filter cartridge 9 is equipped with a top cover 94 with a hollow rectangular upper permanent magnet 93 glued to the lower end. The top cover 94 is attracted to the filter cartridge 9 by magnets. A photoelectric switch A4 is vertically installed on the upper part of the top cover 94. The probe of the photoelectric switch A4 is located at the upper inner end of the filter cartridge 9.There are two sets of electric telescopic rods. The first set of electric telescopic rods M1 is vertically distributed and installed in the middle of the left side of the equipment box 1 via screws and nuts, with its movable rod located at the upper end of the waste bin 11. A movable sealing plate 17 with an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of the upper end of the waste bin 11 is welded to the lower end of the movable rod of the first set of electric telescopic rods M1. The second set of electric telescopic rods M2 is installed horizontally in the lower left end of the equipment box, and a push block 16 (located at the right end of the filter cartridge box) is installed in front of the left end of its movable rod. The outer diameter of the rectangular push block 16 is smaller than the inner diameter of the rectangular opening 91 at the left and right ends of the filter cartridge box 9. The length is 2 mm, and its horizontal length is greater than the lateral length of the left and right ends of the filter cartridge 9. The left end of the push block 16 and the right end opening 81 of the filter shell and the right end opening 91 of the filter cartridge are aligned. The trigger circuit 7 is equipped with a pressure detection mechanism 15, which is installed on the front end of the exhaust pipe 13. The regulated power supply A1, the battery G1, the voltage detection circuit 2, the arc detection circuit 3, the temperature detection circuit 4, the control circuit 5, the SMS circuit 6, and the trigger circuit 7 are installed in the component box 18, which is installed in the lower left end of the equipment box 1.

[0019] Figure 1 , 2As shown, the regulated power supply A1 is a 220V / 12V / 1KW AC 220V to DC 12V switching power supply module; the battery G1 is a 12V / 10Ah lithium battery; the axial fan M is a 12V / 60W axial fan; and the solenoid valve DC is a normally closed solenoid valve with a power of 2W and a working voltage of DC 12V. The voltage detection circuit includes a rectifier bridge A7, a capacitor C, a resistor R, and an adjustable resistor RP connected via circuit board wiring. The positive power output terminal 3 of the rectifier bridge A7 is connected to the positive terminal of capacitor C and one end of resistor R. The other end of resistor R is connected to one end of the adjustable resistor RP. The other end of the adjustable resistor RP is connected to the negative power output terminal 4 of the rectifier bridge A7 and the negative terminal of capacitor C. The arc detection circuit includes a photoresistor RL and an adjustable resistor RP2 connected via circuit board wiring. One end of the adjustable resistor RP2 is connected to one end of the photoresistor RL. The light-receiving surface of the photoresistor RL is located outside the first opening at the front of the component box 16. The temperature detection circuit includes a negative temperature coefficient thermistor RT and an adjustable resistor RP1. One end of the thermistor RT is connected to one end of the adjustable resistor RP1. The heat-receiving surface of the thermistor RT is located outside the second opening at the front of the component box 16. The control circuit A5 is a PLC or a microcontroller module (in this embodiment, it is a PLC); the trigger circuit includes a time switch A6, a relay K1, a resistor R3, and an NPN transistor Q3 connected via circuit board wiring. The positive power input terminal 1 of the time switch A6 is connected to the positive power input terminal and the control power input terminal of the relay K1. The negative power input terminal 2 of the time switch A6 is connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor Q3. One end of the resistor R3 is connected to the base of the NPN transistor Q3. The collector of the NPN transistor Q3 is connected to the negative power input terminal of the relay K1. The SMS circuit includes a microcontroller module A2, resistors R1 and R2, NPN transistors Q1 and Q2, relay K2, and SMS module A3, all connected via circuit board wiring. It is also connected to photoelectric switch A4 via wires. The positive power input pin 5 of microcontroller module A2 is connected to the positive power input pin 1 of SMS module A3, the positive power input pin 1 of photoelectric switch A4, and the positive power input pin of relay K2. The signal output pin 4 of microcontroller module A2 is connected to one end of the first resistor R1, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the base of the first NPN transistor Q1. The connections are as follows: the collector of the first NPN transistor Q1 is connected to pin 3 of the first signal input terminal of SMS module A3 and the negative power input terminal of relay K2; the signal output terminal of photoelectric switch A4 is connected to one end of the second resistor R2; the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the base of the second NPN transistor Q2; the collector of the second NPN transistor Q2 is connected to pin 4 of the second signal input terminal of SMS module A3; and the emitters of both NPN transistors Q1 and Q2 are connected to pin 6 of the negative power input terminal of microcontroller module A2 and pin 2 of the negative power input terminal of SMS module A3.

[0020] Figure 1, 2 As shown, the pressure detection mechanism 15 includes an air tube 151 (sealed at the upper end), a spring 152 (outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the air tube by 1 mm), and a rubber piston 153 (outer diameter slightly larger than the inner diameter of the air tube by 1 mm). The lower end of the air tube 151 has a negative pressure tube 154 integrally formed with the air tube and internally interconnected, with external threads on its outer end. The spring 152 and piston 153 are sequentially installed at the lower end and middle of the air tube 151, respectively, with the piston 153 positioned above the spring 152. The air tube 151 passes through its negative pressure tube 154 via external threads. The pressure detection mechanism 15 is installed at the front outer end of the exhaust pipe 13 by screwing into the internal thread on the front side of the exhaust pipe 13. A copper circular contact piece 155 (with an outer diameter 2 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the air pipe) is installed at the middle of the upper end of the piston 153. A copper contact seat 156 (located at the lower end of the contact piece) is installed at the left side of the middle of the air pipe. A wire is welded to the upper end of the contact seat 156 and the contact piece 156 respectively. The two wires are led out through the openings at the middle of the left side end and the middle of the upper end of the air pipe 151 respectively. The openings are sealed with pressure-resistant sealant.

[0021] Figure 1 , 2As shown, the power input terminals 1 and 2 of the regulated power supply A1 (actually connected to the two normally closed contacts of relay K2), the power input terminal of the voltage detection circuit, the rectifier bridge A7, pins 1 and 2 (actually connected to the two normally closed contacts of relay K2), the two control power input terminals of relay K2 in the SMS circuit, and the two poles of the AC 220V power supply are connected by wires. The power output terminals 3 and 4 of the regulated power supply A1, the two poles of the battery G1, the power input terminal of the arc detection circuit, the other end of the photoresistor RL and the other end of the adjustable resistor RP2, the power input terminal of the temperature detection circuit, the other end of the thermistor RT and the other end of the adjustable resistor RP1, the power input terminal of the SMS circuit, the positive power input terminal of the SMS module A3 and the emitter of the NPN transistor Q1, the power input terminal of the trigger circuit, and the time switch A6, pins 1 and 2, are connected by wires. The signal output terminal of the arc detection circuit, the other end of the photoresistor RL, the signal output terminal of the temperature detection circuit, the other end of the thermistor RT, the signal output terminal of the voltage detection circuit, one end of the adjustable resistor RP, and the signal input terminal of the SMS circuit are connected to pins 3, 2, and 1 of the microcontroller module A2 via wires. The power output terminal of the trigger circuit, the normally open contact of the relay K1, the emitter of the NPN transistor Q3, and the power input terminals 1 and 2 of the control circuit A5 are connected via wires. The two power output terminals 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the control circuit A5 are connected to the positive and negative and negative and positive ... positive and negative and positive and positive and positive and negative and positive and positive and directional power output terminals of the control power output terminal of the SMS circuit and the two normally closed contacts of the relay K2 are connected to the main power input terminal of the electrical equipment DQ in the electrical equipment box via wires. The signal output terminals of the trigger circuit, the time control switch A6, pin 3 and pin 4, are connected to the power input terminals of the axial flow fan M and the power input terminals of the solenoid valve DC via wires. The signal output terminals of the pressure detection mechanism, the contact piece 155 (W) and the contact seat 156 (W), are connected in series between the two signal input terminals of the trigger circuit, the time control switch A6, pin 3 and pin 4, and the other end of the resistor R3 via wires.

[0022] Figure 1 , 2As shown, after the 220V AC power supply enters the power input terminals of the regulated power supply A1 and the voltage detection circuit, the regulated power supply A1 will output a stable DC 12V power supply through pins 3 and 4 under the action of its internal circuit. This power supply enters the two terminals of the battery G1 (normally the 12V power supply is used to float charge the battery G1 to ensure that the invention can still work normally after power failure) and the power input terminals of the arc detection circuit, temperature detection circuit, SMS circuit, and trigger circuit. The above circuits are powered on and work. In the voltage detection circuit, the 220V AC power supply is rectified by rectifier bridge A7 and filtered by capacitor C to convert it into DC power. Then, the DC power supply is divided by resistors R and RP and enters the signal input terminal 1 of microcontroller module A2. In actual situations, when the supply voltage is not excessive, the DC power supply, after being divided by resistors R and adjustable resistors RP (the larger the resistance value of the adjustable resistor RP, the larger the voltage division, and vice versa), enters the signal voltage at pin 1 of microcontroller module A2, which is lower than the 3V threshold voltage inside microcontroller module A2. Therefore, pin 4 of microcontroller module A2 will not output a high level. When the supply voltage is excessive, the DC power supply, after being divided by resistors R and adjustable resistors RP, enters the signal voltage at pin 1 of microcontroller module A2, which is higher than the 3V threshold voltage inside microcontroller module A2. Therefore, pin 4 of microcontroller module A2 will output a high level and enter the other end of resistor R1. In the arc detection circuit, when there is no arcing fault in the electrical equipment inside the equipment box, the photoresistor RL experiences very low light intensity and has a high resistance, resulting in a large voltage drop. The 12V power supply, after being divided by the photoresistor RL and the adjustable resistor RP2, enters pin 3 of the microcontroller module A2, where the signal voltage is lower than the internal 3V threshold voltage of the microcontroller module A2. Therefore, pin 4 of the microcontroller module A2 will not output a high level. Conversely, when there is arcing fault in the electrical equipment inside the equipment box, the photoresistor RL experiences high light intensity and has a very low resistance, resulting in a smaller voltage drop. The 12V power supply, after being divided by the photoresistor RL and the adjustable resistor RP2, enters pin 3 of the microcontroller module A2, where the signal voltage is higher than the internal 3V threshold voltage of the microcontroller module A2. Therefore, pin 4 of the microcontroller module A2 will output a high level, which enters the other end of resistor R1. In the temperature detection circuit, when there is no fault in the electrical equipment inside the equipment box and a fire occurs, the resistance of the thermistor RT is very large, so its voltage drop is large. The 12V power supply, after being divided by the thermistor RT and the adjustable resistor RP1, enters the signal voltage at pin 2 of the microcontroller module A2. This voltage is lower than the 3V threshold voltage inside the microcontroller module A2, so pin 4 of the microcontroller module A2 will not output a high level. When the electrical equipment inside the equipment box malfunctions and a fire occurs, the resistance of the thermistor RT is relatively small, so its voltage drop is small. The 12V power supply, after being divided by the thermistor RT and the adjustable resistor RP1, enters the signal voltage at pin 2 of the microcontroller module A2. This voltage is higher than the 3V threshold voltage inside the microcontroller module A2, so pin 4 of the microcontroller module A2 will output a high level, which enters the other end of resistor R1.

[0023] Figure 1 , 2As shown, when the power supply voltage is too high, or the temperature is too high, causing arcing in the electrical equipment, pin 4 of the microcontroller module A2 outputs a high level. This high level is then stepped down and current-limited by resistor R1, entering the base of NPN transistor Q1. NPN transistor Q1 conducts, and its collector outputs a low level, which enters pin 3 of the SMS module A3 signal input and the negative power input of relay K2. This energizes relay K2, closing its two control power inputs and opening its two normally closed contacts. Consequently, all electrical equipment QG in the equipment box loses power and stops working (while the arc detection circuit, temperature detection circuit, control circuit, SMS circuit, trigger circuit, etc., are continued to be powered by battery G1). When pin 3 of the SMS module A3 inputs a low level, it sends the first pre-stored SMS message via the wireless mobile network. Personnel connected to the SMS module A3 receive the message on their mobile phones and are immediately aware of any abnormal power supply voltage, excessive temperature rise, or severe arcing in the electrical equipment. This allows them to promptly perform on-site maintenance as needed, preventing the fault from escalating. In reality, once the power supply voltage returns to normal, or the temperature inside the equipment box returns to normal and there is no arcing, pin 4 of the microcontroller module A2 will stop outputting power, and relay K2 will lose power again, closing its control power input terminal and normally closed contact terminal. Then, the electrical equipment inside the equipment box can be powered on and work again.

[0024] Figure 1 , 2As shown, after the trigger circuit of this invention is energized, the time control switch A6 will output power to the power input terminals of the solenoid valve DC and the axial flow fan M at regular intervals (for example, outputting power for 10 minutes every 2 hours). Thus, the solenoid valve DC and the axial flow fan M are energized and operate for 10 minutes every 2 hours. After the solenoid valve DC is energized, the internal valve core opens (normally closed to prevent external dust from entering the equipment box). After the axial flow fan M is energized, it generates negative pressure suction, drawing external air through the air inlet pipe 12 into the filter element 10 inside the filter housing for filtration, and then exhausting it into the equipment box 1. Then, the air flows out from the solenoid valve DC with the valve core open to the outside of the equipment box. During the air inflow and outflow process, it will dissipate heat for the communication electrical equipment inside the equipment box. Due to the function of the filter element 10 inside the filter housing, dust in the air before entering the equipment box is filtered out before entering the equipment box (while absorbing moisture in the air), the adverse effects of dust and moisture in the air on the operation of the electrical equipment are reduced. After the time switch A6 stops outputting power, both the axial fan M and the solenoid valve DC will lose power and cease operation. Through the aforementioned circuit, this invention can dissipate heat from the equipment housing at regular intervals and effectively prevent external dust and humid air from entering the equipment housing. While the time switch A6 outputs power at pins 3 and 4, power also enters one end of contact piece 155. In practice, when the filter element in the filter housing 8 has good filtration performance and is not clogged, air, under the action of the axial fan M, can smoothly enter the equipment housing, carry away heat, and then flow out from the top of the equipment housing (the elastic force of spring 152 pushes piston 153 and contact piece 155 upwards, so the 12V power will not enter resistor R3 through contact piece 155 and contact seat 156, the subsequent relay K1 will not be energized, and the control circuit will not operate). When the filter element in the filter housing 8 deteriorates in filtration performance and becomes clogged by dust, etc. As the negative pressure suction force generated by the axial flow fan M increases, under the action of the larger negative pressure force, the piston 153 will overcome the elastic force of the spring 152 and move downward. Thus, the lower end of the contact piece 155 and the upper end of the contact seat 156 make contact and are electrically connected. The positive terminal of the 12V power supply enters the base of the NPN transistor Q3 through the contact piece 155 and the contact seat 156 (W) via the resistor R3, which reduces the voltage and limits the current. The NPN transistor Q3 turns on, and the collector outputs a low level, which enters the negative power input terminal of the relay K1. As a result, the relay K1 is energized and its control power input terminal and normally open contact terminal are closed, thereby energizing and operating the control circuit. After the control circuit PLCA5 is powered on, its pins 5 and 6 will output a positive and negative power supply for 5 seconds to the positive and negative power input terminals of the first set of electric telescopic rods M1. Then, the movable rod of the electric telescopic rod M1 drives the movable sealing plate 15 to move upward to the stop point. In this way, the lower end of the sealing plate 15 and the upper end of the waste bin 11 are separated, which prepares for the filter element to enter the waste bin 11 after subsequent blockage.Next, pins 7, 8, 9, and 10 of the PLC output power for 5 seconds sequentially to the positive and negative and negative and positive power input terminals of the second set of electric telescopic rods M2. During the 5 seconds that the positive and negative terminals of the electric telescopic rod M2 are energized, its movable rod pushes the push block 16 to the left and stops at the stop point. Thus, the push block 16 moves to the left and enters the filter cartridge box 9. At the same time, it pushes an unused filter cartridge that was originally located at the lower end of the filter cartridge box 9 into the filter housing 8. The filter cartridge that was originally blocked at the lower end of the filter housing 8 is pushed out into the waste bin 11. During the 5 seconds that the negative and positive terminals of the electric telescopic rod M2 are energized, its movable rod drives the push block 16 to the right and stops at the stop point. In this way, the left end of the push block 16 is once again located at the outer end of the right opening of the filter cartridge box 9, preparing for the next filter cartridge to be pushed out. At the same time, the second filter cartridge that was originally located in the filter cartridge box 9 from bottom to top will fall to the bottom of the filter cartridge box, preparing for the next replacement of the new filter cartridge located in the filter housing after it becomes blocked. After pins 9 and 10 of the PLC stop outputting power, pins 3 and 4 of the PLC will output positive and negative power for 5 seconds to the positive and negative power input terminals of the first set of electric telescopic rods M1. The movable rod of the electric telescopic rod M1 then drives the movable sealing plate 17 downwards to its stop point. In this way, the lower end of the sealing plate 17 contacts the upper end of the waste bin 11, preventing dust and moisture generated by the filter element after blockage from affecting the normal operation of the electrical equipment inside the equipment box. Through the above, this invention can automatically replace the filter element after it becomes clogged inside the filter housing.

[0025] Figure 1 , 2As shown, in normal operation, the top cover 94 is opened to insert multiple filter elements into the filter cartridge 9 from top to bottom, and then the top cover is closed (the magnetic closing method makes opening and closing the top cover more convenient and provides better sealing performance). In practical applications, when there are two or more filter elements 10 in the filter cartridge, the infrared beam emitted by the photoelectric switch A4 detector is received by the photoelectric switch A4 receiver after returning through the filter elements. In this way, pin 3 of the photoelectric switch A4 does not output a high level, and the subsequent SMS module A3 will not transmit a second SMS message. When filter cartridge 10 in the filter cartridge box is almost used up and only one remains, the infrared beam emitted by the photoelectric switch A4 detector head will no longer be returned to be received by the photoelectric switch A4 receiver head. As a result, pin 3 of photoelectric switch A4 outputs a high level. This high level is stepped down and current-limited by resistor R2 and enters the base of NPN transistor Q2. NPN transistor Q2 then conducts, and its collector outputs a low level, which enters pin 4 of SMS module A3. SMS module A3 then sends a pre-stored SMS message, "Filter cartridge used up," via the wireless mobile network. Upon receiving the SMS message on their mobile phones, personnel connected to SMS module A3 can immediately learn that the filter cartridge is about to run out, allowing them to promptly add a new filter cartridge before it is used up, ensuring the equipment operates normally.In the circuit, the thermistor RT is a negative temperature coefficient thermistor, model NTC103D; the photoresistor RL is model MD45; the NPN transistors Q1, Q2, and Q3 are model 9013; the resistors R1, R2, and R3 have a resistance of 20KΩ; the resistor R has a resistance of 218KΩ; the adjustable resistors RP (adjustable to 3KΩ), RP1 (adjustable to 20KΩ), and RP2 (adjustable to 30KΩ) are model 100KΩ; the rectifier bridge A1 is model MB10F; the capacitor C is model 470μF / 400V; and the electric telescopic poles M1 and M2... This is a reciprocating electric actuator. Its cylinder contains limit switches; the actuator loses power and stops working when it reaches the top or bottom stop. It only operates when powered by a reverse input. The PLC is an FX3U-16 programmable controller. The microcontroller module A2 uses an STC12C5A60S2 main control chip and has three analog signal input terminals. The time switch U6 is a KG316T microcomputer time switch with seven buttons, two power input terminals (pins 1 and 2), and two power output terminals (pins 3 and 4). The device has four pins, and seven buttons allow setting the interval and duration of power output from the two power output terminals. The SMS module A3 is a JC01 SMS alarm, with signal input ports 3-10. A low-level signal at each input port triggers the SMS alarm module to send a text message via a wireless mobile network. The module stores two text messages ("Abnormal equipment box" and "Filter cartridge used up"). A low-level signal at pins 3 and 4 triggers the SMS alarm module to send a text message. The photoelectric switch A4 is a small PNP reflective photoelectric switch (LTD-12NO), with two power input terminals and one signal output terminal. During operation, the signal output terminal does not output a high level when the infrared beam emitted by the transmitter is reflected within a certain distance, and outputs a high level when the infrared beam is not reflected within a certain distance. An adjustment knob is located on the upper part of the housing; adjusting to the left increases the detection distance, and adjusting to the right decreases the detection distance (8 cm in this embodiment).

[0026] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention, as well as its advantages. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0027] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An overload protection device for communication equipment, comprising a regulated power supply and a storage battery, characterized in that... It also features a voltage detection circuit, an arc detection circuit, a temperature detection circuit, a control circuit, a text messaging circuit, a filtering mechanism, and a trigger circuit. The filtering mechanism includes an electric telescopic rod, a solenoid valve, a fan, a filter housing, filter elements, a filter element box, and a waste bin. The filter housing has an inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe installed at its upper and lower outer ends, respectively. The other end of the inlet pipe is located outside the electrical equipment box, and the other end of the exhaust pipe is connected to one end of the fan. The fan is installed inside the electrical equipment box, and the solenoid valve is installed on one side of the electrical equipment box. There are multiple filter elements, each containing... The filter screen and the housing with filter holes at the top and bottom have openings on both sides of the filter housing; the waste bin, filter housing, and filter cartridge box are sequentially installed in the electrical equipment box; each side of the filter cartridge box has an opening at the bottom, and multiple filter cartridges are placed inside the filter cartridge box. One filter cartridge is placed inside the filter housing. The top of the filter cartridge box has a magnetically attached cover, and a photoelectric switch is installed on the outer side of the top cover; there are two sets of electric telescopic rods. The first set of electric telescopic rods is installed on the upper side of the waste bin, and a sealing plate is installed at the lower end of its movable rod. The second set of electric telescopic rods is installed on one side of the filter cartridge box. The movable rod of the electric telescopic rod is equipped with a push block; the trigger circuit is equipped with a pressure detection mechanism, which is installed on the side of the exhaust pipe; the regulated power supply, battery, voltage detection circuit, arc detection circuit, temperature detection circuit, control circuit, SMS circuit, and trigger circuit are installed in the component box; the signal output terminals of the arc detection circuit, temperature detection circuit, and voltage detection circuit are electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the SMS circuit; the power output terminal of the trigger circuit is electrically connected to the power input terminal of the control circuit; the power output terminal of the control circuit is electrically connected to the power input terminals of the two electric telescopic rods; the control power output terminal of the SMS circuit is electrically connected to the main power input terminal of the electrical equipment; the signal output terminal of the trigger circuit is electrically connected to the power input terminals of the fan and solenoid valve; the signal terminal of the pressure detection mechanism is electrically connected in series between the two signal input terminals of the trigger circuit; the pressure detection mechanism includes an air pipe, a spring, and a piston, with the spring and piston installed sequentially inside the air pipe, the lower end of the air pipe connected to the exhaust pipe, a contact plate installed on the upper end of the piston, and a contact seat installed below the contact plate on the air pipe.

2. The overload protection device for communication equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solenoid valve is a normally closed solenoid valve with a spool.

3. The overload protection device for communication equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage detection circuit includes an electrically connected rectifier bridge, capacitor, resistor, and adjustable resistor. The positive power output terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor and one end of the resistor. The other end of the resistor is connected to one end of the adjustable resistor. The other end of the adjustable resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the rectifier bridge and the negative terminal of the capacitor.

4. The overload protection device for communication equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arc detection circuit includes a photoresistor and an adjustable resistor that are electrically connected, with one end of the adjustable resistor connected to one end of the photoresistor.

5. The overload protection device for communication equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature detection circuit includes an electrically connected thermistor and an adjustable resistor, with one end of the thermistor and one end of the adjustable resistor connected together.

6. The overload protection device for communication equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trigger circuit includes a time-controlled switch, a relay, a resistor, and an NPN transistor that are electrically connected. The positive power input terminal of the time-controlled switch is connected to the positive power input terminal of the relay and the control power input terminal. The negative power input terminal of the time-controlled switch is connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor. One end of the resistor is connected to the base of the NPN transistor. The collector of the NPN transistor is connected to the negative power input terminal of the relay.

7. The overload protection device for communication equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The SMS circuit includes a microcontroller module, resistors, NPN transistors, relays, and an SMS module, all electrically connected. It is also electrically connected to a photoelectric switch. The positive power input terminal of the microcontroller module is connected to the positive power input terminals of the SMS module, photoelectric switch, and relay. The signal output terminal of the microcontroller module is connected to one end of the first resistor, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the base of the first NPN transistor. The collector of the first NPN transistor is connected to the first signal input terminal of the SMS module and the negative power input terminal of the relay. The signal output terminal of the photoelectric switch is connected to one end of the second resistor, and the other end of the second resistor is connected to the base of the second NPN transistor. The collector of the second NPN transistor is connected to the second signal input terminal of the SMS module. The emitters of both NPN transistors are connected to the negative power input terminals of the microcontroller module and the SMS module.

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