Emergency safety quick release device for power battery of electric vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to an emergency safety quick disengaging device for a power battery of an electric vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of electric vehicles. The device comprises a frame indirectly or directly fixed on a vehicle body, at least one side of the frame is formed with an opening for loading a battery box into the frame and sliding the battery box out of the frame, a bottom plate for supporting the battery box is movably arranged at the inner bottom of the frame, the bottom plate is connected with elastic supporting members so that the bottom plate is in an inclined state when the battery box is placed on the bottom plate, and in the inclined state, the end of the bottom plate far from the opening of the frame is higher than the end close to the opening of the frame, and a pressing mechanism capable of ascending and descending is arranged in the frame. The application can shorten the time for disengaging the battery box from the vehicle body, so as to meet the requirement of quickly disengaging the battery box from the vehicle body, and thus the risk of major accidents and personnel injuries can be reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a kind of electric vehicle power battery emergency safety quick release device, belong to electric vehicle technical field. BACKGROUND

[0002] Electric vehicle receives more and more widespread attention. Electric vehicle is with rechargeable battery battery pack as power, with motor drive wheel to travel. Among them, power battery is one of the core components of electric vehicle. However, when internal short circuit or thermal runaway occurs in the battery, if it is not timely to separate from the vehicle body, it is likely to cause a chain of other battery box fire explosion, thereby causing a major catastrophic accident. At present, the existing battery box release device, by lifting one end of the bottom plate under the battery box to make it tilt to make the battery box on the bottom plate automatically release.

[0003] The existing Chinese patent No. 201520555685.6, patent name is a kind of battery box quick release device of vehicle, including battery box and base, the base has with the fixed plate of vehicle body relative fixation and bottom plate, the bottom plate rear side is equipped with lifting device between fixed plate, the lifting device can drive bottom plate low front high tilt setting, the bottom of the battery box has several rollers, the bottom plate has roller slide for roller front and back movement, the roller of battery box is embedded in the roller slide of bottom plate, and the battery box and bottom plate are locked by locking device It is connected, its beneficial effect is that it can guarantee the quick installation of battery box, and when internal short circuit or thermal runaway occurs in the battery box, the battery box can be timely separated from the vehicle body and can be pulled away from the vehicle body at a distance. But it still has the following shortcomings: since the battery box needs to control the bottom plate to tilt before separating from the vehicle body, then release the locking of the battery box and the bottom plate, the action of controlling the bottom plate to tilt and the action of releasing the locking of the battery box and the bottom plate need to be carried out separately, so that the time of separating the battery box from the vehicle body is prolonged, it is difficult to meet the requirement of quick release of the battery box from the vehicle body, thereby leading to the risk of major accidents and personnel injury increase and other problems. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a kind of electric vehicle power battery emergency safety quick release device, solve the action of controlling the bottom plate to tilt and the action of releasing the locking of the battery box and the bottom plate need to be carried out separately in prior art, so that the time of separating the battery box from the vehicle body is prolonged, it is difficult to meet the requirement of quick release of the battery box from the vehicle body, thereby leading to the risk of major accidents and personnel injury increase and other problems.

[0005] The technical problem of the present application is solved by the following technical solution: A kind of emergency safety quick release device of electric vehicle power battery, including the frame that is indirectly or directly fixed on vehicle body, at least one side of the frame is formed with the opening for battery box to be loaded in its inside and for battery box to slide out from its inside and separate from vehicle body, bottom of the inside of the frame is movably provided with the bottom plate for supporting battery box, the bottom plate is connected with elastic support to make the bottom plate be in inclined state when battery box is placed on the bottom plate, the end of the bottom plate far from the opening of the frame is higher than the end close to the opening of the frame in the inclined state, the frame is provided with the compression mechanism that can be raised and lowered, when compression mechanism is lowered, pressure can be applied to battery box to make it be compressed on the bottom plate, and the bottom plate in inclined state is turned to horizontal state and contacts with the bottom wall of the frame, when compression mechanism is raised, pressure on battery box can be removed, and the bottom plate is turned to reset to inclined state from horizontal state under the action of elastic support.

[0006] When the device of the present application is used, the battery box is first pushed into the frame from the side opening of the frame during installation, and the battery box is placed at the specified position on the bottom plate, at this time the bottom plate is in inclined state under the action of elastic support, then the compression mechanism is controlled to be lowered to apply pressure to the battery box to make it be compressed on the bottom plate, and the bottom plate in inclined state is turned to horizontal state and contacts with the bottom wall of the frame inside, so that the battery box can be fixed horizontally on the bottom plate, when emergency occurs and the power battery in the battery box needs to be separated from the vehicle body, the compression mechanism is controlled to be raised to remove the pressure on the battery box, and the bottom plate is turned to reset to inclined state from horizontal state under the action of elastic support during the raising process, at this time the battery box is slid out from the side opening of the frame and separated from the vehicle body under the action of its own gravity, the present application realizes the inclination control of the bottom plate and the locking control of the battery box and the bottom plate through the compression mechanism, the pressure on the battery box can be removed when the compression mechanism is raised to release the locking of the battery box and the bottom plate, at the same time the bottom plate can be automatically turned to reset to inclined state from horizontal state under the action of elastic support, so that the action of controlling the inclination of the bottom plate and the action of releasing the locking of the battery box and the bottom plate can be carried out at the same time, thereby the time of separating the battery box from the vehicle body can be shortened to meet the requirement of quickly separating the battery box from the vehicle body, so as to reduce the risk of major accidents and injury to personnel.

[0007] As a preferred, the compression mechanism at least includes compression member that can be raised and lowered relative to the bottom plate and fixing member fixed to the bottom of the compression member, the fixing member can apply pressure to the battery box when it is lowered, and at the same time realize the limiting and fixing of the battery box and the bottom plate in horizontal direction, the fixing member can remove the pressure on the battery box when it is raised, and at the same time release the limiting and fixing of the battery box and the bottom plate in horizontal direction.

[0008] The fixing member is arranged on the bottom plate and is capable of applying pressure to the battery box and fixing the battery box and the bottom plate in the horizontal direction when descending, and is capable of removing the pressure applied to the battery box and releasing the fixing of the battery box and the bottom plate in the horizontal direction when ascending, so that the fixing member can move synchronously with the pressing member when the pressing member ascends and descends, the battery box can be pressed on the bottom plate and the bottom plate in the inclined state can be turned to the horizontal state in contact with the bottom wall of the frame when the fixing member descends, the battery box can be pressed on the bottom plate to achieve stable installation, the pressure applied to the battery box can be removed to release the locking of the battery box and the bottom plate when the fixing member ascends, and the bottom plate can be automatically turned from the horizontal state to the inclined state under the action of the elastic supporting member, so that the action of controlling the inclination of the bottom plate and the action of releasing the locking of the battery box and the bottom plate can be performed simultaneously to shorten the time for the battery box to be separated from the vehicle body, the fixing member can further improve the fixing effect after the battery box is installed to improve the stability of the battery box after installation, and the locking of the battery box and the bottom plate in the horizontal direction can be automatically released when the fixing member ascends, so that the time for the battery box to be separated from the vehicle body is not prolonged.

[0009] As a preferred, the fixing member comprises horizontal extension parts formed on the bottom side of both ends of the battery box in the length direction and two clamping blocks respectively located directly above the two horizontal extension parts, the clamping blocks are fixed to the lower surface of the pressing member, the lower surface of the clamping blocks is formed with a plurality of positioning pins extending vertically downward, the horizontal extension parts and the bottom plate are respectively formed with a plurality of first positioning holes and second positioning holes penetrating up and down, the plurality of positioning pins, the first positioning holes and the second positioning holes are one-to-one corresponding and the axes of the three coincide, when the clamping blocks descend to contact with the upper surface of the horizontal extension part, the positioning pins are sequentially inserted into the first positioning holes and the second positioning holes and form a sliding fit.

[0010] The horizontal extension and the bottom plate are respectively provided with a plurality of first positioning holes and second positioning holes penetrating up and down, the plurality of positioning pins, the first positioning holes and the second positioning holes are one-to-one corresponding and the axes of the three coincide, when the clamping block descends to contact the upper surface of the horizontal extension, the positioning pins are sequentially inserted into the first positioning holes and the second positioning holes and form a sliding fit, so that the two clamping blocks can be driven to move synchronously when the pressing member rises and falls, when the clamping block descends to the lower limit position, that is, when it contacts the upper surface of the horizontal extension, the clamping block can apply force to the horizontal extension to press the battery box on the bottom plate, thereby achieving double fixation of the battery box in the vertical and horizontal directions on the bottom plate, effectively improving the stability of the battery box after installation, effectively preventing the battery box from shaking during vehicle driving due to bumps, thereby ensuring the normal use of the internal electronic components of the battery, and when the clamping block ascends and is separated from the horizontal extension, the pressure on the battery box is removed, and at the same time, the plurality of positioning pins are pulled out of the corresponding first positioning holes and second positioning holes, thereby releasing the fixation of the battery box, so that the battery box can automatically slide out of the frame along the bottom plate and thus be separated from the vehicle body.

[0011] Preferably, the length direction of the clamping block is parallel to the length direction of the horizontal extension, and the plurality of positioning pins are equidistantly arranged along the length direction of the clamping block, and the bottom end of the positioning pin is formed with a tapered guide portion.

[0012] By setting the length direction of the clamping block parallel to the length direction of the horizontal extension, and equidistantly arranging the plurality of positioning pins along the length direction of the clamping block, and forming a tapered guide portion at the bottom end of the positioning pin, the stress on the battery box as a whole in the vertical and horizontal directions is uniform, which can further ensure the stability of the battery box after installation, and in addition, the guide portion at the bottom end of the positioning pin ensures that the positioning pin can be smoothly inserted into the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole to achieve positioning when the clamping block descends.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the frame is formed with an opening, the pressing member is arranged at the top opening of the frame, the pressing member is a long strip extending parallel to the length direction of the bottom plate, and the length direction of the pressing member is formed with a connecting portion extending vertically downward and fixedly connected with the upper surfaces of the two clamping blocks, and when the battery box is placed at the specified position on the bottom plate, the pressing member is located above the middle of the battery box in the width direction.

[0014] The frame top is formed with an opening, the pressing member is arranged at the top opening of the frame, the pressing member is in a strip shape extending in parallel to the length direction of the bottom plate, and the length direction of the two ends of the pressing member is respectively formed with a connecting part extending vertically downward and fixedly connected with the upper surfaces of the two clamping blocks, when the battery box is placed at the specified position on the bottom plate, the pressing member is located above the middle part in the width direction of the battery box, so that when the pressing member is lifted up and down, the two clamping blocks can be driven to move synchronously, so as to realize the fixed installation and quick disengagement of the battery box, and the pressing member can exert pressure on the middle part in the width direction of the battery box, so that the overall force of the battery box is more uniform, and the stability is better.

[0015] As preferred, the pressing mechanism further comprises a driving member for driving the pressing member to lift up and down, the driving member comprises a screw rod located above the pressing member and extending in parallel to the length direction of the pressing member, the screw rod is rotationally supported on the vehicle body, two sliding blocks are threadedly fitted on the screw rod in opposite directions, and the two sliding blocks are respectively hinged with connecting rods at the top ends of the pressing member, when the two sliding blocks are close to each other along the axial direction of the screw rod, the pressing member is driven to descend by the connecting rods, when the two sliding blocks are away from each other along the axial direction of the screw rod, the pressing member is driven to ascend by the connecting rods, and one end of the screw rod is transmissionally connected with an operating rod extending perpendicularly to the axial direction of the screw rod, one end of the operating rod away from the screw rod extends to the outside of the frame in a horizontal direction and is detachably fixed with a rocker.

[0016] As preferred, the pressing mechanism further comprises a driving member for driving the pressing member to lift up and down, the driving member comprises a screw rod located above the pressing member and extending in parallel to the length direction of the pressing member, the screw rod is rotationally supported on the vehicle body, two sliding blocks are threadedly fitted on the screw rod in opposite directions, and the two sliding blocks are respectively hinged with connecting rods at the top ends of the pressing member, when the two sliding blocks are close to each other along the axial direction of the screw rod, the pressing member is driven to descend by the connecting rods, when the two sliding blocks are away from each other along the axial direction of the screw rod, the pressing member is driven to ascend by the connecting rods, and one end of the screw rod is transmissionally connected with an operating rod extending perpendicularly to the axial direction of the screw rod, one end of the operating rod away from the screw rod extends to the outside of the frame in a horizontal direction and is detachably fixed with a rocker.

[0017] As a preferred, the frame is provided with a baffle plate at the opening, the bottom end of the baffle plate is hinged to the frame so that the baffle plate can be flipped around the hinge point, one end of the length direction of the clamping block extends to the outside of the width direction of the battery box and is provided with a locking part for locking the baffle plate in the vertical state, the length direction of the locking part is perpendicular to the length direction of the clamping block, the bottom side of both ends of the length direction of the baffle plate is provided with an abutting part that can abut with the locking part, when the clamping block is lowered to contact the upper surface of the horizontal extension part, the inner end surface of the locking part abuts with the outer end surface of the upper abutting part of the baffle plate in the vertical state, and when the baffle plate is in the vertical state, it contacts the end surface in the width direction of the battery box.

[0018] By installing a baffle plate at the opening of the frame, the bottom end of the baffle plate is hinged to the frame so that the baffle plate can be flipped around the hinge point, one end of the length direction of the clamping block extends to the outside of the width direction of the battery box and is provided with a locking part for locking the baffle plate in the vertical state, the length direction of the locking part is perpendicular to the length direction of the clamping block, the bottom side of both ends of the length direction of the baffle plate is provided with an abutting part that can abut with the locking part, when the clamping block is lowered to contact the upper surface of the horizontal extension part, the inner end surface of the locking part abuts with the outer end surface of the upper abutting part of the baffle plate in the vertical state, and when the baffle plate is in the vertical state, it contacts the end surface in the width direction of the battery box, so that after the battery box is installed inside the frame, the baffle plate can be flipped to the vertical state, and when the clamping block is lowered, the baffle plate can be locked in the vertical state by the cooperation between the locking part and the abutting part, so that the baffle plate can block the battery box at the opening of the frame side, and when the battery box needs to be separated from the vehicle body, the baffle plate can be flipped outward around the hinge point after the clamping block is raised, which can play a transitional role when the battery box slides out of the opening of the frame side, and the flipped end of the baffle plate can be lapped with the ground to form an inclined transition plate, which can make the battery box slide to a position farther away from the vehicle body, thereby further reducing the risk of major accidents and injuries.

[0019] As a preferred, the bottom plate is hinged to the frame at one end near the opening of the frame so that the bottom plate can be flipped around the hinge point, the elastic support is located below the side of the bottom plate away from the opening of the frame, the elastic support includes at least two compression springs arranged in the length direction of the bottom plate and a support plate fixed below the frame, one end of the compression spring abuts with the lower surface of the bottom plate, the other end of the compression spring abuts with the upper surface of the support plate.

[0020] The bottom plate is arranged to be hinged to the frame at one end close to the frame opening, and the elastic support is arranged below the side of the bottom plate away from the frame side opening, the elastic support comprises at least two compression springs arranged at intervals along the length of the bottom plate and a support plate fixed below the frame, one end of the compression spring abuts against the lower surface of the bottom plate, and the other end of the compression spring abuts against the upper surface of the support plate, so that when the compression mechanism moves upward, the bottom plate can be automatically flipped from the horizontal state to the inclined state under the action of the compression spring, so that the battery box on the bottom plate can be automatically slid out of the side opening of the frame and separated from the vehicle body, and the action of controlling the inclination of the bottom plate and the action of unlocking the battery box from the bottom plate can be performed simultaneously.

[0021] Preferably, the side opening of the frame is located outside the width direction of the battery box, the bottom of the battery box is provided with at least two groups of rollers arranged at intervals along the length direction of the battery box, each group comprises a plurality of rollers arranged at intervals along the width direction of the battery box, the bottom plate is formed with two top portions and a lateral opening to form a clearance slot for the two groups of rollers, the lateral opening of the clearance slot is located on the same side as the side opening of the frame, and the depth of the clearance slot is equal to the vertical distance between the bottom end of the roller and the lower surface of the bottom plate.

[0022] Preferably, the side opening of the frame is located outside the width direction of the battery box, the bottom of the battery box is provided with at least two groups of rollers arranged at intervals along the length direction of the battery box, each group comprises a plurality of rollers arranged at intervals along the width direction of the battery box, the bottom plate is formed with two top portions and a lateral opening to form a clearance slot for the two groups of rollers, the lateral opening of the clearance slot is located on the same side as the side opening of the frame, and the depth of the clearance slot is equal to the vertical distance between the bottom end of the roller and the lower surface of the bottom plate.

[0023] Preferably, the frame is a hollow rectangular structure, the inner cavity of the frame is formed with a horizontal annular support portion at the bottom, the bottom plate is arranged on the upper surface of the annular support portion, and the length of the inner cavity of the frame is adapted to the length of the battery box so that when the battery box is placed on the bottom plate, the two end faces in the length direction of the battery box form a sliding fit with the inner wall of the frame.

[0024] By setting the frame as a hollow rectangular structure, a horizontal annular support part is formed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the frame, the bottom plate is arranged on the upper surface of the annular support part, the length of the inner cavity of the frame is matched with the length of the battery box, so that when the battery box is arranged on the bottom plate, the two end faces in the length direction of the battery box are in sliding fit with the inner wall of the frame, the battery box can be pressed and fixed on the frame when the pressing mechanism descends, the weight of the battery acts on the frame, the annular support part can ensure that the fixed battery box is in a horizontal state and is uniformly stressed and locked, and the normal use of the electronic components in the battery is not affected by the bumping during the driving of the vehicle, in addition, the inner wall of the frame can limit the two ends of the battery box in the length direction when the battery box is installed, so that the battery box can be accurately installed to the specified position on the bottom plate.

[0025] Therefore, the present application realizes the inclination control of the bottom plate and the locking control of the battery box and the bottom plate through the pressing mechanism, the pressing mechanism can release the pressure on the battery box when it goes up to release the locking of the battery box and the bottom plate, at the same time, the bottom plate can be automatically turned from the horizontal state to the inclined state under the action of the elastic support, so that the action of controlling the inclination of the bottom plate and the action of releasing the locking of the battery box and the bottom plate can be performed at the same time, thereby the time of separating the battery box from the vehicle body can be shortened to meet the requirement of quickly separating the battery box from the vehicle body, so as to reduce the risk of major accidents and injuries to personnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the elastic support in the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the pressing part and the fixing part in the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the clamping block in the present application;

[0030] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the battery box in the present application;

[0031] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the bottom plate in the present application.

[0032] The markings in the attached diagram are described as follows: 1. Frame; 2. Battery box; 3. Base plate; 4. Elastic support; 5. Pressing mechanism; 6. Pressing component; 7. Fixing component; 8. Locking block; 9. Positioning pin; 10. First positioning hole; 11. Second positioning hole; 12. Horizontal extension; 13. Driving component; 14. Lead screw; 15. Slider; 16. Connecting rod; 17. Operating lever; 18. Baffle; 19. Locking part; 20. Abutment part; 21. Compression spring; 22. Support plate; 23. Roller; 24. Relief groove; 25. Annular support part; 26. Rocker arm. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0034] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the present invention discloses an emergency safety rapid disconnection device for an electric vehicle power battery, comprising a frame 1 indirectly or directly fixed to the vehicle body. At least one side of the frame 1 has an opening for inserting a battery box 2 and for sliding the battery box 2 out of the vehicle body. A base plate 3 is movably provided on the inner bottom of the frame 1 to support the battery box 2. The frame 1 is a hollow rectangular structure. A horizontal annular support portion 25 is formed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the frame 1. The base plate 3 rests on the upper surface of the annular support portion 25. The length of the inner cavity of the frame 1 is adapted to the length of the battery box 2 so that when the battery box 2 is placed on the base plate 3, its two end faces in the length direction slide against the inner wall of the frame 1. The base plate 3 is connected to an elastic support member 4 so that when the battery box 2 is placed on the base plate 3, the base plate 3 is in an inclined state, with the end of the base plate 3 furthest from the opening of the frame 1 higher than the end closest to the frame. At one end of the frame 1, the bottom plate 3 is hinged to the side wall of the frame 1 so that the bottom plate 3 can be rotated around the hinge point. The elastic support 4 is located below the side of the bottom plate 3 away from the side opening of the frame 1. The elastic support 4 includes at least two compression springs 21 spaced apart along the length of the bottom plate 3 and a support plate 22 fixed below the frame 1. One end of the compression spring 21 abuts against the lower surface of the bottom plate 3, and the other end of the compression spring 21 abuts against the upper surface of the support plate 22. The elastic support 4 also includes a plurality of mounting parts for respectively mounting the compression springs 21. The mounting part includes an upper sleeve rod formed on the lower surface of the bottom plate 1 and extending vertically downward, and a lower sleeve rod formed on the upper surface of the support plate 22 and extending vertically upward. A gap is formed between the end faces of the upper sleeve rod and the lower sleeve rod, and their axes coincide. The compression springs 21 are sleeved on the radially outer side of the upper sleeve rod and the lower sleeve rod.

[0035] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the frame 1 is provided with a vertically movable pressing mechanism 5, the pressing mechanism 5 includes a pressing member 6 vertically movable relative to the bottom plate 3 and a fixing member 7 fixed to the bottom of the pressing member 6, the top of the frame 1 is formed with an opening, the pressing member 6 is arranged at the opening of the top of the frame 1, the pressing member 6 is a long strip extending in parallel to the length direction of the bottom plate 3 and the length direction of the pressing member 6 is respectively formed with a connecting portion extending vertically downward and fixedly connected with the upper surfaces of two clamping blocks 8, when the battery box 2 is placed on the designated position of the bottom plate 3, the pressing member 6 is located above the middle of the battery box 2 in the width direction, the fixing member 7 includes two horizontal extension portions 12 formed at the bottom side of the two ends of the battery box 2 in the length direction and two clamping blocks 8 respectively located directly above the two horizontal extension portions 12, the length direction of the clamping block 8 is parallel to the length direction of the horizontal extension portion 12, the clamping block 8 is fixed to the lower surface of the pressing member 6, the lower surface of the clamping block 8 is formed with a plurality of vertically downward extending positioning pins 9, wherein the positioning pin 9 is in a cylindrical shape, the plurality of positioning pins 9 are equidistantly arranged along the length direction of the clamping block 8, the bottom end of the positioning pin 9 is formed with a tapered guide portion, the horizontal extension portion 12 and the bottom plate 3 are respectively formed with a plurality of first positioning holes 10 and second positioning holes 11 penetrating upward and downward, the plurality of positioning pins 9, the first positioning holes 10 and the second positioning holes 11 correspond one by one and the axes of the three coincide, when the clamping block 8 is lowered to contact with the upper surface of the horizontal extension portion 12, the positioning pins 9 are sequentially inserted into the first positioning holes 10 and the second positioning holes 11 and form a sliding fit.

[0036] As shown, Figure 1 The pressing mechanism 5 further includes a driving member 13 for driving the pressing member 6 to move upward and downward, the driving member 13 includes a lead screw 14 located above the pressing member 6 and extending in parallel to the length direction of the pressing member 6, the lead screw 14 is rotationally supported on the vehicle body, the lead screw 14 is threadedly fitted with two sliding blocks 15 in opposite directions, the two sliding blocks 15 are respectively hingedly connected with the connecting rods 16 at the top ends of the pressing member 6, when the two sliding blocks 15 are close to each other along the axial direction of the lead screw 14, the pressing member 6 is driven to move downward by the connecting rods 16, when the two sliding blocks 15 are away from each other along the axial direction of the lead screw 14, the pressing member 6 is driven to move upward by the connecting rods 16, one end of the lead screw 14 is transmissionally connected with an operating rod 17 extending perpendicularly to the axial direction of the lead screw 14, one end of the operating rod 17 away from the lead screw 14 extends to the outside of the frame 1 in a horizontal direction and is detachably fixed with a rocker 26.

[0037] As shown, Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the opening of the frame 1 is provided with a baffle 18, the bottom end of the baffle 18 is hinged to the frame 1 so that the baffle 18 can be flipped around the hinge point, one end of the length direction of the clamping block 8 extends to the outside of the width direction of the battery box 2 and is provided with a locking portion 19 for locking the baffle 18 in the vertical state, the length direction of the locking portion 19 is perpendicular to the length direction of the clamping block 8, the bottom side of both ends of the length direction of the baffle 18 is provided with an abutting portion 20 which can abut with the locking portion 19, when the clamping block 8 is lowered to contact the upper surface of the horizontal extension 12, the inner end surface of the locking portion 19 abuts with the outer end surface of the abutting portion 20 of the baffle 18 in the vertical state, when the baffle 18 is in the vertical state, it contacts the end surface in the width direction of the battery box 2.

[0038] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the side opening of the frame 1 is located outside the width direction of the battery box 2, the bottom of the battery box 2 is provided with two groups of rollers 23 which are arranged along the length direction of the battery box 2 and are spaced apart, each group of rollers 23 is located in a groove at the bottom of the battery box 2 and includes a plurality of rollers 23 which are arranged along the width direction of the battery box 2 and are spaced apart, the bottom plate 3 is provided with two let-in grooves 24 which are formed on the top and the side of the bottom plate 3 to accommodate the two groups of rollers 23, the let-in grooves 24 are rectangular grooves, the side opening of the let-in grooves 24 is located on the same side as the side opening of the frame 1, and the depth of the let-in grooves 24 is equal to the vertical distance between the bottom end of the roller 23 and the lower surface of the bottom plate 3.

[0039] In the specific implementation of the embodiment, during installation, the battery box 2 is first pushed into the frame 2 from the side opening of the frame 1, and the battery box 2 is pushed to a specified position on the bottom plate 3 so that the first positioning hole 10 and the second positioning hole 11 are aligned, at this time the bottom plate 3 is in an inclined state under the action of the elastic support 4, then the baffle 18 is flipped to the vertical state and contacts the side of the battery box 2, and then the rocker 26 is rotated clockwise, so that the two sliders 15 on the lead screw 14 are driven to move towards each other along the axial direction, so that the pressing member 6 is driven to move downward through the connecting rod 16, so that the clamping block 8 is driven to move downward, so that the plurality of positioning pins 9 are sequentially inserted into the corresponding first positioning hole 10 and second positioning hole 11, so that the battery box 2 and the bottom plate 3 are fixed and limited in the horizontal direction, when the clamping block 8 is lowered to the lower stop position, i.e. contacts the upper surface of the horizontal extension 12, at this time the clamping block 8 can apply a force to the horizontal extension 12 to press the battery box 2 against the bottom plate 1, and the baffle 18 is also locked, so that the battery box 2 on the bottom plate 1 is fixed and limited in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, thereby completing the fixed installation of the battery box 2;

[0040] When an emergency occurs and the power battery in the battery box 2 needs to be separated from the vehicle body, the rocker 26 is rotated counterclockwise to drive the pressing member 6 to move upward, thereby driving the clamping block 8 to move upward to cancel the pressure on the battery box 2 and simultaneously drive the plurality of positioning pins 9 to move out of the first positioning hole 10 and the second positioning hole 11, simultaneously release the locking of the baffle 18, and in the process of the upward movement of the clamping block 8, the bottom plate 3 is gradually turned and reset from the horizontal state to the inclined state under the action of the compression spring 21, and then the battery box 2 is slid out of the frame 1 along the bottom plate 3 and the baffle 18 from the side opening of the frame 1 under the action of its own gravity and separated from the vehicle body.

[0041] The present application realizes the inclination control of the bottom plate and the locking control of the battery box and the bottom plate through the pressing mechanism, when the pressing mechanism moves upward, the pressure on the battery box can be cancelled to release the locking of the battery box and the bottom plate, and at the same time, the bottom plate can be automatically turned and reset from the horizontal state to the inclined state under the action of the elastic support, so that the action of controlling the inclination of the bottom plate and the action of releasing the locking of the battery box and the bottom plate can be performed at the same time, thereby the time of separating the battery box from the vehicle body can be shortened, so as to meet the requirement of quickly separating the battery box from the vehicle body, thereby the risk of major accidents and injuries to personnel can be reduced.

Claims

1. An emergency safety rapid disconnection device for an electric vehicle power battery, characterized in that: The system includes a frame (1) that is indirectly or directly fixed to the vehicle body. At least one side of the frame (1) has an opening for the battery box (2) to be inserted into it and for the battery box (2) to slide out of it and detach from the vehicle body. The bottom inner side of the frame (1) is movably provided with a base plate (3) for supporting the battery box (2). The base plate (3) is connected to an elastic support member (4) so ​​that when the battery box (2) is placed on the base plate (3), the base plate (3) is tilted. In this tilted state, the base plate (3) is away from the frame. (1) One end of the opening is higher than the end near the opening of the frame (1). The frame (1) is provided with a pressing mechanism (5) that can be raised and lowered. When the pressing mechanism (5) moves down, it can apply pressure to the battery box (2) to press it onto the bottom plate (3) and flip the tilted bottom plate (3) to a horizontal state that contacts the bottom wall of the frame (1). When the pressing mechanism (5) moves up, it can remove the pressure on the battery box (2) so that the bottom plate (3) flips back from the horizontal state to the tilted state under the action of the elastic support member (4). The clamping mechanism (5) includes at least a clamping member (6) that can move up and down relative to the base plate (3) and a fixing member (7) fixed to the bottom of the clamping member (6). When the fixing member (7) moves down, it can apply pressure to the battery box (2) and simultaneously limit and fix the battery box (2) and the base plate (3) in the horizontal direction. When the fixing member (7) moves up, it can remove the pressure on the battery box (2) and simultaneously release the limit and fixation of the battery box (2) and the base plate (3) in the horizontal direction. The fixing member (7) includes a horizontal extension (12) formed on the bottom side of both ends of the battery box (2) along its length and two locking blocks (8) located directly above the two horizontal extensions (12). The locking blocks (8) are fixed to the lower surface of the clamping member (6). Multiple vertically downward extending positioning pins (9) are formed on the lower surface of the locking blocks (8). Multiple vertically penetrating first positioning holes (10) and second positioning holes (11) are formed in the horizontal extensions (12) and the bottom plate (3). The multiple positioning pins (9), first positioning holes (10) and second positioning holes (11) correspond one-to-one and their axes coincide. When the locking block (8) moves down to contact the upper surface of the horizontal extension (12), the positioning pins (9) are inserted into the first positioning holes (10) and second positioning holes (11) in sequence and form a sliding fit. The length direction of the card block (8) is parallel to the length direction of the horizontal extension (12), and a plurality of positioning pins (9) are equidistantly spaced along the length direction of the card block (8), with a pointed cone-shaped guide portion formed at the bottom end of the positioning pin (9). The frame (1) has an opening at the top, and the clamping member (6) is located at the top opening of the frame (1). The clamping member (6) is a long strip extending parallel to the length direction of the base plate (3), and its two ends in the length direction have vertically downward extending connecting parts that are fixedly connected to the upper surfaces of the two clips (8). When the battery box (2) is placed in a designated position on the base plate (3), the clamping member (6) is located above the middle part in the width direction of the battery box (2).

2. The emergency safety rapid disconnection device for electric vehicle power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (5) further includes a driving member (13) for driving the clamping member (6) to move up and down. The driving member (13) includes a lead screw (14) located above the clamping member (6) and extending parallel to the length direction of the clamping member (6). The lead screw (14) is rotatably supported on the vehicle body. Two sliders (15) are slidably fitted on the lead screw (14) with threads in opposite directions. The two sliders (15) are respectively hinged to the top of the clamping member (6) with connecting rods (16). (15) When the two sliders (15) move closer to each other along the axial direction of the lead screw (14), the clamping member (6) is driven to move downward through the connecting rod (16). When the two sliders (15) move further away from each other along the axial direction of the lead screw (14), the clamping member (6) is driven to move upward through the connecting rod (16). One end of the lead screw (14) is connected to an operating rod (17) that extends perpendicular to its axial direction. The end of the operating rod (17) away from the lead screw (14) extends horizontally to the outside of the frame (1) and is detachably fixed with a rocker arm (26).

3. The emergency safety rapid disconnection device for electric vehicle power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: A baffle (18) is installed at the opening of the frame (1). The bottom end of the baffle (18) is hinged to the frame (1) so that the baffle (18) can be rotated around the hinge point. One end of the locking block (8) extends to the outside of the width direction of the battery box (2) and forms a locking part (19) for locking the baffle (18) in a vertical state. The length direction of the locking part (19) is perpendicular to the length direction of the locking block (8). The bottom sides of both ends of the baffle (18) in the length direction form abutment parts (20) that can abut against the locking part (19). When the locking block (8) moves down to contact the upper surface of the horizontal extension (12), the inner end face of the locking part (19) abuts against the outer end face of the abutment part (20) on the baffle (18) in the vertical state. When the baffle (18) is in the vertical state, it contacts the end face in the width direction of the battery box (2).

4. The emergency safety rapid disconnection device for electric vehicle power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate (3) is hinged to the frame (1) at one end near the opening of the frame (1) so that the bottom plate (3) can be rotated around the hinge point. The elastic support (4) is located below the side of the bottom plate (3) away from the opening of the frame (1). The elastic support (4) includes at least two compression springs (21) spaced apart along the length of the bottom plate (3) and a support plate (22) fixed below the frame (1). One end of the compression spring (21) abuts against the lower surface of the bottom plate (3), and the other end of the compression spring (21) abuts against the upper surface of the support plate (22).

5. The emergency safety rapid disconnection device for electric vehicle power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side opening of the frame (1) is located outside the width direction of the battery box (2). The bottom of the battery box (2) is provided with at least two sets of rollers (23) spaced apart along its length direction. Each set includes multiple rollers (23) spaced apart along the width direction of the battery box (2). The bottom plate (3) forms a relief groove (24) with two top and side openings to make way for the two sets of rollers (23). The side opening of the relief groove (24) is on the same side as the side opening of the frame (1). The depth of the relief groove (24) is equal to the vertical distance between the bottom end of the roller (23) and the lower surface of the bottom plate (3).

6. The emergency safety rapid disconnection device for electric vehicle power batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that: The frame (1) is a hollow rectangular structure. A horizontal annular support part (25) is formed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the frame (1). The base plate (3) is placed on the upper surface of the annular support part (25). The length of the inner cavity of the frame (1) is adapted to the length of the battery box (2) so that when the battery box (2) is placed on the base plate (3), its two end faces in the length direction form a sliding fit with the inner wall of the frame (1).

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