A rapid release device based on combined blasting and radiation shielding functions

Abstract

A rapid discharge device based on combined blasting and radiation shielding functions relates to the fields of nuclear safety and radiation protection. The rapid discharge device based on combined blasting and radiation shielding functions includes a containment shell provided with a through-hole and a shielding support provided within the containment shell. A shielding material layer is fixed to the side of the shielding support facing the interior of the containment shell. The shielding support and the containment shell are connected by multiple webs. A bursting membrane is connected between two adjacent webs. The shielding support, each web, and the bursting membrane cooperate to isolate the through-hole from the interior of the containment shell. The bursting membrane is configured to rupture when subjected to a preset pressure, thereby connecting the through-hole to the interior of the containment shell. The rapid discharge device based on combined blasting and radiation shielding functions provided in this application can ensure that steam can be quickly discharged to a pressure relief tank for condensation when a coolant leak occurs, such as after a rupture in the main coolant pipeline of the primary circuit system of a nuclear power plant, thereby preventing the pressure in the containment shell from exceeding the design limit and causing a serious safety accident.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of nuclear safety and radiation protection, and in particular to a rapid discharge device based on combined blasting and radiation shielding functions. Background Art

[0002] After an accident such as a rupture of the main coolant pipeline in the containment of a nuclear power plant, the coolant will be released into the containment from the rupture, generating a large amount of steam through flash evaporation, and releasing a large amount of heat into the containment, causing the pressure and temperature of the gas in the containment to rise rapidly, creating a safety hazard.

[0003] For some small or compact floating nuclear power plants, marine nuclear power plants, etc., the containment is designed to have a low pressure and a small internal free volume. In order to ensure the integrity of the containment structure after the design basis accident conditions, a containment pressure suppression system needs to be set up to quickly release the steam in the containment after the accident into the pressure relief tank for condensation, thereby absorbing the heat in the containment through condensation so that the pressure of the containment does not exceed its design pressure.

[0004] During normal operation of a nuclear power system, the integrity of the containment seal and shielding must be maintained, ensuring that the penetrating radiation level outside the containment meets the prescribed dose rate limit requirements. Therefore, for containment penetrations (including pipes connecting the containment and the pressure relief tank), on the one hand, isolation devices should be installed to ensure effective isolation between the containment and the pressure relief tank, as well as local airtightness of the containment, to prevent the diffusion of radioactive materials within the containment. On the other hand, local shielding should be installed to reduce the leakage of neutrons and gamma rays from the containment through the penetrations to the outside of the containment, ensuring that the radiation field outside the containment meets the prescribed safety limit requirements.

[0005] After an accident such as a rupture of the main coolant pipeline in the containment of a nuclear power system, the coolant is released from the rupture into the containment and flashes to form steam quickly, and the pressure in the containment rises quickly. In order to ensure that the pressure in the containment does not exceed its designed pressure, the isolation device between the containment and the pressure relief tank is required to be able to be opened within a short time after the accident and to achieve the required flow area, and to prevent the uncontrolled leakage of radioactive materials in the containment.

[0006] Therefore, a rapid release device based on combined blasting and nuclear radiation shielding is needed to meet the above requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide a rapid discharge device based on combined blasting and radiation shielding functions, which can ensure that steam can be quickly discharged to the pressure relief tank for condensation when a coolant leak occurs, thereby preventing the pressure in the containment vessel from exceeding the designed pressure and causing a safety accident.

[0008] The embodiment of the present application is implemented as follows:

[0009] An embodiment of the present application provides a rapid discharge device based on a combined blasting and radiation shielding function, which includes a containment shell provided with a through-hole and a shielding support provided in the containment shell. A shielding material layer is fixed to the side of the shielding support facing the inside of the containment shell. The shielding support and the containment shell are connected by multiple webs. A bursting membrane is connected between two adjacent webs. The shielding support, each web and the bursting membrane cooperate to isolate the through-hole from the interior of the containment shell. The bursting membrane is configured to rupture when subjected to a preset pressure to connect the through-hole with the interior of the containment shell.

[0010] In some optional embodiments, the projection of the shielding material layer on the containment vessel covers the through-hole.

[0011] In some optional embodiments, the shielding support encloses a shielding cavity to accommodate the shielding material layer.

[0012] In some optional embodiments, a plurality of webs are spaced apart along the circumference of the through-hole.

[0013] In some optional embodiments, an annular bursting membrane wall support is connected between two adjacent webs, and the bursting membrane is fixed to the bursting membrane wall support.

[0014] In some optional embodiments, the plane where the bursting membrane is located is perpendicular to the plane where the through-hole is located.

[0015] In some optional embodiments, a plurality of bursting disks are spaced apart along the circumference of the through-hole.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: the rapid release device based on combined blasting and radiation shielding functions provided herein comprises a containment vessel provided with a through-hole and a shielding support disposed within the containment vessel. A shielding material layer is fixed to the side of the shielding support facing the interior of the containment vessel. The shielding support and the containment vessel are connected by multiple webs. A bursting membrane is connected between two adjacent webs. The shielding support, each web, and the bursting membrane cooperate to isolate the through-hole from the interior of the containment vessel. The bursting membrane is configured to rupture when subjected to a preset pressure, thereby connecting the through-hole to the interior of the containment vessel. The rapid release device based on combined blasting and radiation shielding functions provided herein can ensure that steam can be quickly discharged into a pressure relief tank and condensed in the event of a coolant leak, preventing the pressure within the containment vessel from exceeding the designed pressure and causing a safety accident. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a rapid release device based on a combined blasting and radiation shielding function provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 For the Figure 1 Sectional view of the AA section line;

[0020] Figure 3 For the Figure 1 Sectional view of the middle BB section line;

[0021] Figure 4 For the Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the local structure in the direction of arrow C.

[0022] In the figure: 100, containment vessel; 110, through-hole; 200, shielding support; 210, shielding material layer; 220, web; 230, bursting membrane; 240, shielding cavity; 250, bursting membrane wall support; 260, panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0024] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0025] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0026] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the product of this application is typically placed when in use. These terms are intended only to facilitate the description of this application and simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "overhanging" do not necessarily imply that a component must be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted.

[0028] It should also be noted that, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0029] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0030] The features and performance of the rapid release device based on the combined blasting and radiation shielding functions of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0031] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a rapid discharge device based on a combined blasting and radiation shielding function, which includes a containment shell 100 provided with a through-hole 110 and a shielding support 200 provided in the containment shell 100, the shielding support 200 is provided at the through-hole 110, a shielding cavity 240 is provided in the shielding support 200, a shielding material layer 210 is provided in the shielding cavity 240, the projection of the shielding material layer 210 on the containment shell 100 covers the through-hole 110, and an annular panel 260 is provided on the side of the shielding support 200 facing the through-hole 110, and 8 webs 220 are connected between the panel 260 and the containment shell 100, and the 8 webs 220 are arranged along the through-hole The shield support 200 and the webs 220 are arranged circumferentially at intervals, and an annular bursting disk wall support 250 is connected between two adjacent webs 220. A bursting disk 230 is fixed on the bursting disk wall support 250. The bursting disk 230 is fixed to the bursting disk wall support 250 by a clamping flange. The eight bursting disks 230 are arranged circumferentially at intervals along the through-hole 110, and the plane on which each bursting disk 230 is located is perpendicular to the plane on which the through-hole 110 is located. The shield support 200, the webs 220, and the bursting disks 230 cooperate to isolate the through-hole 110 from the interior of the containment vessel 100. The bursting disks 230 are configured to rupture when subjected to a preset pressure, thereby connecting the through-hole 110 with the interior of the containment vessel 100.

[0032] The rapid discharge device based on the combined blasting and radiation shielding function provided in the embodiment of the present application is provided with a shielding support 200 located at the through-hole 110 in the containment shell 100, and a shielding material layer 210 projected to cover the through-hole 110 is provided in the shielding cavity 240 of the shielding support 200. The shielding support 200 is connected to the containment shell 100 through a panel 260. There are 8 webs 220 arranged at intervals along the circumference of the through-hole 110. An annular bursting membrane wall support 250 is connected between two adjacent webs 220. A bursting membrane 230 is fixed on the bursting membrane wall support 250. The shielding support 200, each web 220 and the bursting membrane 230 cooperate to isolate the through-hole 110 from the inside of the containment shell 100. The bursting membrane 230 is configured to rupture when subjected to a preset pressure, so that the through-hole 110 is connected to the interior of the containment vessel 100. When the nuclear power system is operating normally, the containment vessel 100 maintains a slightly negative pressure state, and the bursting membrane 230 is in an intact state. The shielding support 200, each web 220 and the bursting membrane 230 cooperate to isolate the through-hole 110 from the interior of the containment vessel 100 to form a seal, so that the interior of the containment vessel 100 is effectively isolated from the external pressure relief tank. The shielding material layer 210 in the shielding support 200 is then used to shield the through-hole 110 from radiation, thereby preventing neutrons and gamma rays in the containment vessel 100 from leaking through the through-hole 110, and ensuring that the radiation field outside the containment vessel 100 meets the specified safety limit requirements.

[0033] When a primary coolant pipe ruptures within the containment vessel 100 of a nuclear power system, coolant is released from the rupture into the containment vessel 100, flashing to form steam and rapidly raising the pressure within the containment vessel 100 to a preset pressure. Because the bursting disc 230 is a pressure-sensitive element that rapidly activates in response to overpressure, the bursting pressure of the bursting disc 230 is controlled by the weakening structure on its surface. When the preset pressure is reached, the bursting disc 230 ruptures along its weakening structure, allowing the interior of the containment vessel 100 to communicate with the external pressure relief tank via the through-hole 110. Steam generated within the containment vessel 100 is released through each ruptured bursting disc 230 and the through-hole 110 into the pressure relief tank, where it condenses, completing the rapid release operation.

[0034] Bursting disc 230 requires regular inspection and replacement to ensure its structural stability and reliability. Bursting disc 230 is mounted on the bursting disc wall support 250 in an easily accessible area, making inspection, replacement, and maintenance easy. Bursting disc 230 is secured to the bursting disc wall support 250 via a clamping flange. Replacement requires only removing the clamping screws and installing a new one.

[0035] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A rapid release device based on combined blasting and radiation shielding functions, characterized in that: It includes a containment shell provided with a through-hole and a shielding support provided in the containment shell, a shielding material layer is fixed to the side of the shielding support facing the inside of the containment shell, the shielding support and the containment shell are connected by a plurality of webs, a bursting membrane is connected between two adjacent webs, an annular bursting membrane surrounding wall support is connected between two adjacent webs, the bursting membrane is fixed to the bursting membrane surrounding wall support, the shielding support, each of the webs and the bursting membrane cooperate to isolate the through-hole from the interior of the containment shell, the bursting membrane is configured to rupture when subjected to a preset pressure to connect the through-hole with the interior of the containment shell, the plane on which the bursting membrane is located is perpendicular to the plane on which the through-hole is located, and a plurality of the bursting membranes are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the through-hole.

2. The rapid release device based on combined blasting and radiation shielding function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The projection of the shielding material layer on the containment shell covers the through-hole.

3. The rapid release device based on combined blasting and radiation shielding function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The shielding supports enclose and form a shielding cavity for accommodating the shielding material layer.

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