An air circulating machine

Abstract

The application provides an air circulating machine, which comprises an expander part, a compressor part, a fan part and a main shaft, the main shaft passes through the expander part, the compressor part and the fan part, a first radial bearing, a second radial bearing, a first thrust bearing and a second thrust bearing, a first air bleeding pipeline and an air inlet channel, one end of the first air bleeding pipeline can introduce gas from an expansion chamber of the expander part, the other end of the first air bleeding pipeline is communicated with one end of the air inlet channel, the other end of the air inlet channel is communicated with a first bearing cavity, a cooling channel is arranged in the main shaft, the cooling channel can guide the gas in the first bearing cavity to a second bearing cavity, and the gas after passing through the second radial bearing can be guided to a suction port of the compressor part. The application can effectively take away the friction heat of high-speed bearings, improve the stability of a high-speed rotating rotor system, recycle the discharged high-pressure gas flow, axially position the compressor part and improve the positioning precision.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of air cycle machine, and particularly relates to an air cycle machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] The rotor of the air cycle machine for compressing air cycle refrigeration system is supported by aerodynamic bearing to rotate at high speed. The air friction heat between the bearing and the rotor needs to be removed in time, otherwise the bearing will be burned out after the heat accumulates to a certain extent, and the air cycle machine cannot work normally.

[0003] Patent CN102200165A discloses a radial bearing with double cooling for aircraft. A multi-section hollow shaft is jointed to assemble a whole shaft assembly to guide and cool the gas. The cooling gas not only flows through the gap between the bearing and the outer circular surface of the hollow shaft, but also flows through the inner hole of the hollow shaft to achieve two-way cooling of the bearing, and the flow distribution needs to be considered, and the shafting structure is complex.

[0004] Since the bearing of the air cycle machine in the prior art generates a large amount of heat, if heat dissipation and cooling are not carried out in time, the bearing will be damaged, and the normal operation of the air cycle machine will be affected; the high-pressure gas after cooling is discharged to the outside of the system in the scheme for cooling the bearing, and there are technical problems such as energy waste, therefore the present application researches and designs an air cycle machine. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the defects in the prior art that the air cycle machine cannot be precisely positioned to the compression impeller while the bearing is cooled, so as to provide an air cycle machine.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides an air cycle machine, which comprises:

[0007] The air cycle machine further comprises a first radial bearing, a second radial bearing, a first thrust bearing and a second thrust bearing, a first bleed air pipeline and an air inlet passage, the main shaft is supported by the first radial bearing, the second radial bearing, the first thrust bearing and the second thrust bearing, the first radial bearing, the first thrust bearing and the second thrust bearing are arranged in the first bearing cavity, the radial shaft sleeve is arranged on the outer periphery of the part of the shaft of the main shaft, the axial end of the radial shaft can axially position the compressor part, and the second radial bearing is arranged in the second bearing cavity.

[0008] One end of the first air bleed pipe can introduce gas from the expansion chamber of the expander part, and the other end is connected to one end of the air intake channel. The other end of the air intake channel is connected to the first bearing chamber, which is used to transport cooling air for cooling the first radial bearing, the first thrust bearing and the second thrust bearing. A cooling channel is provided inside the main shaft, and the cooling channel can conduct the gas in the first bearing chamber to the second bearing chamber, which is used to transport cooling air for cooling the second radial bearing; and the gas after passing through the second radial bearing can be conducted to the intake port of the compressor part.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first radial bearing is sleeved on the outer circumference of a partial shaft section of the radial shaft; the second thrust bearing is also sleeved on the outer circumference of a partial shaft section of the radial shaft, and an annular groove is provided on the outer circumference of the radial shaft, and the second thrust bearing is provided in the annular groove to form an axial limit for the radial shaft; the radial shaft is fixedly connected to the main shaft.

[0010] In some embodiments, the cooling channel includes a first cooling channel, a second cooling channel and a third cooling channel, one end of the first cooling channel is connected to the first bearing cavity, and the other end is connected to the second cooling channel, the second cooling channel extends along the axial direction of the main shaft, and one end of the third cooling channel is connected to one end of the second cooling channel, and the other end is connected to the second bearing cavity.

[0011] In some embodiments, a radial air hole is further provided on the radial shaft, one end of the radial air hole is communicated with the first bearing cavity, and the other end of the radial air hole is communicated with the first cooling channel.

[0012] In some embodiments, a bearing seat is included, the first bearing cavity is arranged inside the bearing seat, and the air intake passage is opened on the bearing seat; a first sealing structure and a second sealing structure are provided in the bearing seat, and the main shaft is assembled on the bearing seat through the first radial bearing, the first thrust bearing and the second thrust bearing, and the first bearing cavity is located in a cavity surrounded by the bearing seat, the main shaft, the first sealing structure and the second sealing structure.

[0013] In some embodiments, a part of the thrust shaft is further arranged between the first thrust bearing and the second thrust bearing, one end of the air inlet channel is opposite to the thrust shaft, cooling gas enters the first bearing cavity from the air inlet channel and cools the first thrust bearing and the second thrust bearing respectively, and then reaches the first radial bearing and cools it; then enters the second cooling channel inside the main shaft through the first cooling channel; after the cooling gas enters the second cooling channel, it enters the second bearing cavity through the third cooling channel and cools the second radial bearing.

[0014] In some embodiments, the other axial end of the radial shaft abuts against the thrust shaft.

[0015] In some embodiments, a first gap is formed in the first radial bearing along the axial direction between the first radial bearing and the main shaft or on the first radial bearing, and the first gap can guide the airflow on one side of the first radial bearing to the other side of the first radial bearing.

[0016] In some embodiments, a second gap is formed between the first thrust bearing and the thrust shaft, a third gap is formed between the second thrust bearing and the thrust shaft, a fourth gap is formed in the second thrust bearing along the axial direction between the second thrust bearing and the radial shaft or on the second thrust bearing, a fifth gap is formed in the thrust shaft along the axial direction, the fifth gap can guide the airflow on one side of the thrust shaft to the other side of the thrust shaft, and the second thrust bearing is located between the thrust shaft and the first radial bearing.

[0017] In some embodiments, a fan seat is further included, the second bearing cavity is arranged in the fan seat, a third sealing structure and a thrust piece are arranged on the fan seat, the main shaft is assembled on the fan seat through the second radial bearing, and the second bearing cavity is located in a space surrounded by the fan seat, the main shaft, the third sealing structure and the thrust piece.

[0018] In some embodiments, a second air guide channel is further arranged on the expansion housing of the expander part, a gas guide part is further arranged on the expansion housing, a third air guide channel is arranged on the gas guide part, one end of the first air guide pipeline is in communication with one end of the third air guide channel, the other end of the third air guide channel is in communication with one end of the second air guide channel, and the other end of the second air guide channel is in communication with the expansion cavity of the expander part.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first radial bearing and the second radial bearing are radial aerodynamic bearings; and / or, the first thrust bearing and the second thrust bearing are thrust aerodynamic bearings.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first cooling channel has a bore diameter D1, the second cooling channel has a bore diameter D2, the third cooling channel has a bore diameter D3, an outer circumferential surface of a shaft section of the main shaft opposite to the second radial bearing is a shaft surface, an outer diameter of the shaft surface is D4, an end surface of the main shaft connected to the compressor section is a shaft locating surface, an axial distance between a cross section A-A at a position of the first cooling channel and the shaft locating surface is L1, an axial distance between a cross section B-B at a position of the third cooling channel and the shaft locating surface is L2, D3≥D1, and bore diameter ratios D1 / D4=0.05-0.2 and D3 / D4=0.2-0.5.

[0021] In some embodiments, L1 / D4=1.5-2.5 and L2 / D4=3.5-5.5.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first cooling channel extends in a radial direction of the main shaft, the third cooling channel extends in a radial direction of the main shaft, and / or the first cooling channel is a plurality of first cooling channels arranged at intervals in a circumferential direction of the main shaft, and the third cooling channel is a plurality of third cooling channels arranged at intervals in a circumferential direction of the main shaft.

[0023] In some embodiments, when the first cooling channel is a plurality of first cooling channels and the third cooling channel is a plurality of third cooling channels, the number of the first cooling channels is 2-12, and the number of the third cooling channels is 2-12.

[0024] The air circulating machine provided by the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The air cycle machine of the present invention is designed to accommodate two bearing cavities of the bearing device, and an air duct is provided to connect it with the expansion cavity (inlet cavity) of the expander part, and the low-temperature gas at the expansion machine suction port can be introduced through the air inlet channel. After entering the first bearing cavity, the first and second thrust bearings and the first radial bearing are cooled. After cooling, the gas can be effectively conducted to the second bearing cavity through the cooling channel opened in the main shaft to cool the second radial bearing. The cooling airflow is in direct contact with the bearing device to be cooled, taking away a large amount of heat from the bearing device, effectively improving the cooling effect of the bearing and enhancing the heat dissipation capacity. At the same time, by connecting the other end of the second bearing cavity to the suction port of the compressor part The opening allows the gas after the bearings are cooled in the first bearing cavity and the second bearing cavity in turn to be introduced into the air intake of the compressor part, so as to increase the temperature of the gas at the air intake of the compressor, increase the suction superheat, increase the compression capacity, increase the energy efficiency of the air cycle machine, and improve the energy saving effect; and prevent liquid hammer; therefore, the air cycle machine of the present invention can effectively take away the friction heat of the high-speed bearing, improve the stability of the high-speed rotating rotor system, and at the same time recycle and utilize the discharged high-pressure airflow, thereby achieving energy-saving effect; and the radial shaft sleeved on the outer periphery of the main shaft section can effectively perform axial positioning on the compressor part, play an accurate positioning effect on the compression impeller, improve the positioning accuracy, and ensure stable performance under high-speed operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 A structural perspective view of an air cycle machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A structural perspective view of a rotor assembly of an air cycle machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a rotor assembly (main shaft + thrust shaft + radial shaft) of an air cycle machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main shaft structure of the air cycle machine of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4a for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the middle AA section;

[0031] Figure 4b for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the middle BB cross section.

[0032] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the structure of an air cycle machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the internal cooling flow path of the air cycle machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the structure of an air cycle machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the internal cooling flow path of an air cycle machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] The reference numerals indicate:

[0037] 100, expander section; 200, compressor section; 201, air intake; 300, fan section; T01, expander inlet; T02, expander outlet; C01, compressor inlet; C02, compressor outlet; F01, fan blade inlet; F02, fan blade outlet; Z01, rotor;

[0038] 01. Main shaft; 0101. First cooling channel; 0102. Second cooling channel; 0103. Third cooling channel; 0104. Axial surface; 0105. Axial positioning surface; 02. Radial shaft; 0200. Radial air hole; 0201. First radial bearing; 0202. Second radial bearing; 0203. First thrust bearing; 0204. Second thrust bearing; 03. Thrust shaft; 0301. Fifth gap; 04. Expansion shell; 0401. Second air bleed channel; 05. Air guide part; 0501. Third air bleed channel; 06. First air bleed pipeline; 07. Bearing seat; 0701. Air intake channel; 08. First sealing structure; 09. Second sealing structure; 10. Fan seat; 11. Third sealing structure; 12. Thrust member; 13. Fourth sealing structure; 1001. Bypass air path; q1. First bearing cavity; q2. Second bearing cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Combine Figures 1 to 8 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an air cycle machine, which includes:

[0041] An expander portion 100, a compressor portion 200, a fan portion 300, a main shaft 01, and a radial shaft 02. The main shaft 01 passes through the expander portion 100, the compressor portion 200, and the fan portion 300. The air cycle machine further includes a first radial bearing 0201, a second radial bearing 0202, a first thrust bearing 0203, and a second thrust bearing 0204, a first air bleed pipe 06, and an air intake channel 0701. The main shaft 01 is supported by the first radial bearing 0201, the second radial bearing 0202, the first thrust bearing 0203, and the second thrust bearing 0204. The first radial bearing 0201, the first thrust bearing 0203, and the second thrust bearing 0204 are all arranged in a first bearing cavity q1. The radial shaft 02 is sleeved on the outer circumference of a partial shaft section of the main shaft 01. One axial end of the radial shaft 02 can axially position the compressor portion. The second radial bearing 0202 is arranged in a second bearing cavity q2.

[0042] One end of the first air bleed pipe 06 can introduce gas from the expansion chamber of the expander part 100, and the other end is connected to one end of the air intake channel 0701. The other end of the air intake channel 0701 is connected to the first bearing chamber q1, which is used to transport cooling air for cooling the first radial bearing 0201, the first thrust bearing 0203 and the second thrust bearing 0204. A cooling channel is provided inside the main shaft 01, and the cooling channel can conduct the gas in the first bearing chamber q1 to the second bearing chamber q2, which is used to transport cooling air for cooling the second radial bearing 0202; and the gas after passing through the second radial bearing 0202 can be conducted to the intake port 201 of the compressor part 200.

[0043] The air circulating machine of the present application designs two bearing cavities containing bearing devices, and sets up an air guide pipeline to make it connect with the expansion cavity (inlet cavity) of the expander part, and through the air inlet channel, the low-temperature gas at the suction inlet of the expander can be introduced into the first bearing cavity to cool the first and second thrust bearings and the first radial bearing, and after cooling, the gas can be effectively guided into the second bearing cavity through the cooling channel in the main shaft to cool the second radial bearing, and the cooling gas flow directly contacts with the bearing devices to be cooled to take away a large amount of heat of the bearing devices, effectively improving the cooling effect of the bearing and enhancing the heat dissipation capacity; meanwhile, the other end of the second bearing cavity is connected to the suction inlet of the compressor part, so that the gas cooled in the first and second bearing cavities can be introduced into the suction inlet of the compressor part to increase the temperature of the gas at the suction inlet of the compressor, improve the suction superheat degree, improve the compression capacity, improve the energy efficiency of the air circulating machine, improve the energy saving effect, and prevent liquid hammer; therefore, the air circulating machine of the present application can effectively take away the friction heat of the high-speed bearing, improve the stability of the high-speed rotating rotor system, and recycle the discharged high-pressure gas flow to achieve the energy saving effect; and the radial shaft sleeved on the outer periphery of the main shaft part can effectively axially position the compressor part to accurately position the compressor impeller, improve the positioning accuracy, and ensure the stability under high-speed operation.

[0044] 1. The present application provides a main shaft structure with a gas flow cooling flow path, which, together with a radial shaft, forms an air path through shafting.

[0045] 2. The present application provides a cooling gas flow path. The air path is arranged on the shafting and the structure adjacent to the shafting to realize the self-cooling function of the aerodynamic bearing supporting the shafting.

[0046] 3. The present application provides an air circulating machine comprising shafting and a cooling flow path.

[0047] The technical problems solved are:

[0048] 1. The technical problem of cooling the aerodynamic bearing of the air circulating machine is solved.

[0049] 2. The problem of flow distribution involved in the cooling of aerodynamic bearings at different positions is solved.

[0050] Advantages:

[0051] 1. The cooling flow path of the present application realizes the self-cooling function of the aerodynamic bearing supporting the shafting, ensuring the reliability of the high-speed rotating rotor system.

[0052] 2. The shafting with an air path through the shafting of the present application realizes a cooling flow path, and there is no need to distribute the flow for the cooling of aerodynamic bearings at different positions.

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, in an air cycle unit used in a compressed air refrigeration system, rotor Z01's rotational power comes from the expansion work of the gas. After entering T01, the gas expands and performs work, which cools the gas. The low-temperature gas then flows out T02 and is transported to the area requiring cooling. This expansion work drives rotor Z01's rotation. The compression impeller on rotor Z01 draws in gas from C01 and compresses it before discharging it from C02. Simultaneously, the fan blades on rotor Z01 draw in air from F01 and discharge it at F02, driving the cooling airflow.

[0054] like Figure 2 In the air cycle machine, the rotor Z01 is supported radially by the first radial bearing 0201 and the second radial bearing 0202 , and is supported axially by the first thrust bearing 0203 and the second thrust bearing 0204 .

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, a shaft system is arranged in rotor Z01, consisting of a main shaft 01, a radial shaft 02, and a thrust shaft 03. The main shaft 01 is provided with a first cooling channel 0101 (radial air hole), a second cooling channel 0102 (axial center hole), and a third cooling channel 0103 (radial air hole). Radial air holes 0200 are arranged on radial shaft 02. Axial air holes (fifth gap 0301) are arranged on thrust shaft 03. The holes in the shaft system ensure a continuous air path through the shaft system, resolving the technical challenge of maintaining air path continuity for the pneumatic bearings to be cooled at different locations (first radial bearing 0201, second radial bearing 0202, first thrust bearing 0203, and second thrust bearing 0204), and avoiding the flow distribution problem of cooling airflow for bearings at different locations.

[0056] In some embodiments, the first radial bearing 0201 is sleeved on the outer circumference of a portion of the radial shaft 02; the second thrust bearing 0204 is also sleeved on the outer circumference of a portion of the radial shaft 02, and an annular groove is provided on the outer circumference of the radial shaft 02. The second thrust bearing 0204 is disposed in the annular groove to form an axial limit for the radial shaft 02; the radial shaft 02 and the main shaft 01 are fixedly connected (e.g., by interference fit). This is the relationship between the first radial bearing and the second thrust bearing of the present invention and the radial shaft, respectively, i.e., the radial shaft is preferably sleeved on the outer circumference of the main shaft by interference fit, and the first radial bearing is sleeved on the outer circumference of the radial shaft to achieve radial support for the main shaft through the radial shaft; the second thrust bearing achieves axial support for the radial shaft through the annular groove provided on the outer circumference of the radial shaft, thereby achieving axial support for the main shaft.

[0057] In some embodiments, the cooling channel includes a first cooling channel 0101, a second cooling channel 0102, and a third cooling channel 0103. One end of the first cooling channel 0101 is connected to the first bearing cavity q1, and the other end is connected to the second cooling channel 0102. The second cooling channel 0102 extends axially along the main shaft 01. One end of the third cooling channel 0103 is connected to one end of the second cooling channel 0102, and the other end is connected to the second bearing cavity q2. This is a preferred structural form of the cooling channel of the present invention, that is, cooling gas can be introduced from the first bearing cavity through the first cooling channel and enter the second cooling channel. The second cooling channel extends axially to conduct the gas to the third cooling channel. The third cooling channel guides the cooling gas into the second bearing cavity, thereby completing the effective transfer of the cooling gas and simultaneously cooling the three bearings in the first bearing cavity and the one bearing in the second bearing cavity.

[0058] In some embodiments, radial holes 0200 are further defined on the radial shaft 02. One end of the radial holes 0200 communicates with the first bearing cavity q1, and the other end communicates with the first cooling channel 0101. The present invention also enables the cooling gas in the first bearing cavity to be directed into the first cooling channel and then into the second cooling channel within the main shaft through the radial holes 0200 within the radial shaft.

[0059] In some embodiments, a bearing seat 07 is included, wherein a first bearing cavity q1 is disposed within the bearing seat 07, and an air intake passage 0701 is provided on the bearing seat 07. A first sealing structure 08 and a second sealing structure 09 are provided within the bearing seat 07. The main shaft 01 is assembled on the bearing seat 07 via the first radial bearing 0201, the first thrust bearing 0203, and the second thrust bearing 0204. The first bearing cavity q1 is located within the cavity enclosed by the bearing seat 07, the main shaft 01, the first sealing structure 08, and the second sealing structure 09. This is a further preferred structural form of the air cycle machine of the present invention. The bearing seat is used to support multiple bearings (including first and second thrust bearings and a first radial bearing). By providing the first bearing cavity and the air intake passage on the bearing seat, the present invention can effectively introduce cooling gas from the expansion chamber into the first bearing cavity, thereby providing conditions for cooling the multiple bearings.

[0060] In some embodiments, at least part of the structure of the thrust shaft 03 is arranged between the first thrust bearing 0203 and the second thrust bearing 0204, and one end of the air inlet channel 0701 is opposite to the thrust shaft 03. The cooling gas in the air inlet channel 0701 enters the first bearing cavity q1 and cools the first thrust bearing 0203 and the second thrust bearing 0204 respectively, and then reaches the first radial bearing 0201 and cools it. Then, the cooling gas enters the second cooling channel 0102 inside the main shaft 01 through the first cooling channel 0101. After entering the second cooling channel 0102, the cooling gas enters the second bearing cavity q2 through the third cooling channel 0103 and cools the second radial bearing 0202. The present application can also play a role in thrusting the main shaft in two directions together with the two thrust bearings by arranging the thrust shaft structure between the two thrust bearings. The air inlet channel of the present application is opposite to the thrust shaft, so that the cooling gas entering the first bearing cavity can cool the two thrust bearings respectively, and then further cool the first radial bearing, realizing effective cooling and temperature reduction of the three bearings.

[0061] In some embodiments, the other end of the radial shaft 02 is in abutment with the thrust shaft 03. The axial one end of the radial shaft of the present application forms axial limiting for the compression impeller, and the other end is in abutment with the thrust shaft. The thrust disc and the radial shaft can realize the thrust conduction of the compression impeller, thereby improving the axial positioning accuracy of the compression impeller.

[0062] In some embodiments, a first gap is arranged along the axial direction between the first radial bearing 0201 and the main shaft 01 or on the first radial bearing 0201. The first gap can guide the airflow on one side of the first radial bearing 0201 to the other side. The first gap arranged between the first radial bearing and the main shaft or inside the first radial bearing can guide the cooling gas to the left end of the first radial bearing, thereby realizing effective cooling and guiding. Figure 1 In some embodiments, the gas is preferably cooled by the first gap and guided to the left end of the first radial bearing, thereby realizing effective cooling and guiding.

[0063] In some embodiments, a second gap is provided between the first thrust bearing 0203 and the thrust shaft 03, a third gap is provided between the second thrust bearing 0204 and the thrust shaft 03, a fourth gap is provided between the second thrust bearing 0204 and the radial shaft 02 or on the second thrust bearing 0204 along its axial direction, a fifth gap 0301 is provided on the thrust shaft 03 along its axial direction, and the fifth gap can conduct the airflow on one axial side of the thrust shaft 03 to the other axial side thereof, and the second thrust bearing 0204 is located between the thrust shaft 03 and the first radial bearing 0201. The present invention also allows the gas entering the first bearing cavity to cool the first thrust bearing through the second gap between the first thrust bearing and the thrust shaft. The third gap between the second thrust bearing and the thrust shaft allows the gas entering the first bearing cavity to cool the second thrust bearing and the thrust shaft through the third gap. The fourth gap can cool the second thrust bearing while also conducting the cooling gas to the first radial bearing. The fifth gap can conduct the gas that has cooled the first thrust bearing through the thrust shaft to the second thrust bearing, thereby completing the effective conduction of the cooling gas and achieving the effects of gas cooling and gas transfer.

[0064] like Figure 5 The bearing seat 07, the first sealing structure 08, the second sealing structure 09, the radial shaft 02 and the thrust shaft 03 form a cavity (the first bearing cavity q1), which accommodates the first radial bearing 0201, the first thrust bearing 0203 and the second thrust bearing 0204.

[0065] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, airflow 1 drawn from expansion housing 04 flows sequentially through second air bleed channel 0401, third air bleed channel 0501, first air bleed pipeline 06, and air inlet channel 0701, before flowing into first bearing cavity q1. Airflow 1 is divided into two parts: airflow 11 and airflow 12. Airflow 11 flows through the gap between first thrust bearing 0203 and thrust shaft 03, removing heat generated by the high-speed rotation of thrust shaft 03 relative to first thrust bearing 0203. Airflow 12 flows through the gap between second thrust bearing 0204 and thrust shaft 03, removing heat generated by the high-speed rotation of thrust shaft 03 relative to second thrust bearing 0204. Airflow 11 passes through the axial air hole (fifth gap 0301) and merges with airflow 12 to form airflow 2, which flows through the gap between first radial bearing 0201 and hollow radial shaft 02, removing heat generated by the high-speed rotation of radial shaft 02 relative to first radial bearing 0201. Airflow 2 flows through radial air hole 0200 and radial air hole (first cooling channel 0101) in sequence, and converges into airflow 3 in the axial center hole (second cooling channel 0102).

[0066] In some embodiments, a fan base 10 is further included, the second bearing cavity q2 being disposed within the fan base 10, the fan base 10 being provided with a third sealing structure 11 and a thrust member 12, the main shaft 01 being assembled to the fan base 10 via the second radial bearing 0202, and the second bearing cavity q2 being located within the space enclosed by the fan base 10, the main shaft 01, the third sealing structure 11, and the thrust member 12. The fan base provided in the present invention can form a second bearing cavity therein, thereby supporting one end of the main shaft thereon, the third sealing structure being able to seal the second bearing cavity, and the second bearing cavity being formed within the space enclosed by the thrust member, the third sealing structure, and the fan base.

[0067] In some embodiments, the expansion housing 04 of the expander portion 100 is further provided with a second air inlet channel 0401, the expansion housing 04 is further provided with an air guide portion 05, the air guide portion 05 is provided with a third air inlet channel 0501, one end of the first air inlet pipeline 06 is connected to one end of the third air inlet channel 0501, the other end of the third air inlet channel 0501 is connected to one end of the second air inlet channel 0401, and the other end of the second air inlet channel 0401 is connected to the expansion chamber of the expander portion. The present invention, through the provision of the second air inlet channel, the air guide portion, and the third air inlet channel, can effectively guide the cooling gas in the expansion chamber to the first bearing cavity to cool the bearing, and the cooling gas is transferred through the cooling channel inside the main shaft to achieve the effect of cooling the bearing in the second bearing cavity.

[0068] like Figure 5 As shown. An air path (second air inlet channel 0401) is provided at the inlet of expansion housing 04. An air path (third air inlet channel 0501) is arranged on component (air guide portion 05). Third air inlet channel 0501 is connected to second air inlet channel 0401. First air inlet pipe 06 is integrally assembled with air guide portion 05. First air inlet pipe 06 is connected to third air inlet channel 0501. An air inlet channel 0701 is arranged within bearing seat 07 and is connected to first air inlet pipe 06.

[0069] like Figure 5 The fan base 10 , the third sealing structure 11 , the thrust piece 12 and the main shaft 01 form a second bearing cavity q2 , which accommodates the second radial bearing 0202 .

[0070] like Figure 5 and Figure 6The axial middle hole (second cooling channel 0102) in the shafting. The airflow 3 flows through the radial air hole (third cooling channel 0103) into the second bearing cavity q2. The airflow 4 in the second bearing cavity q2 flows through the gap between the second radial bearing 0202 and the main shaft 01, taking away the heat generated when the main shaft 01 rotates at high speed relative to the second radial bearing 0202. Finally, the airflow 4 is sucked into the compressor and enters the subsequent cycle.

[0071] In some embodiments, the first radial bearing 0201 and the second radial bearing 0202 are radial aerodynamic bearings; and / or, the first thrust bearing 0203 and the second thrust bearing 0204 are thrust aerodynamic bearings. This is the preferred structural form of the radial bearings and thrust bearings of the present application.

[0072] In some embodiments, the first cooling channel 0101 has a bore diameter D1, the second cooling channel 0102 has a bore diameter D2, the third cooling channel 0103 has a bore diameter D3, the outer peripheral surface of the shaft segment of the main shaft 01 opposite the second radial bearing 0202 is the shaft surface 0104, the outer diameter of the shaft surface is D4, the end surface of the main shaft 01 connected to the compressor part 200 is the shaft positioning surface 0105, the axial distance between the cross section A-A at the position of the first cooling channel 0101 and the shaft positioning surface 0105 is L1, the axial distance between the cross section B-B at the position of the third cooling channel 0103 and the shaft positioning surface 0105 is L2, and D3≥D1, and the bore diameter ratio D1 / D4=0.05-0.2, the bore diameter ratio D3 / D4=0.2-0.5.

[0073] As shown in FIG. 1, the main shaft 01 is connected to the compressor part 200 through the first thrust bearing 0203 and the second thrust bearing 0204, and is connected to the turbine part 300 through the first radial bearing 0201 and the second radial bearing 0202. Figure 4 The geometric features of the main shaft 01 in the shafting: radial air hole (first cooling channel 0101), axial middle hole (second cooling channel 0102) and radial air hole (third cooling channel 0103), shaft surface 0104, shaft positioning surface 0105. The main shaft 01 size parameters: first cooling channel 0101 diameter D1 (mm), second cooling channel 0102 diameter D2 (mm), third cooling channel 0103 diameter D3 (mm), shaft surface 0104 diameter D4 (mm), distance L1 from first cooling channel 0101 cross section A-A to shaft positioning surface 0105, distance L2 from third cooling channel 0103 cross section B-B to shaft positioning surface 0105.

[0074] Considering the volume expansion of gas after heating, to ensure smooth circulation of the cooling fluid, D3 ≥ D1. Taking into account the strength of the rotor shaft and the flow loss of the cooling fluid, the aperture ratio D1 / D4 = 0.05-0.2, and the aperture ratio D3 / D4 = 0.05-0.2; taking into account processing economy, D1 / D4 = D3 / D4 = 0.1 is preferred. A small aperture ratio increases the rotor shaft strength but increases the flow loss of the cooling fluid; a large aperture ratio reduces the flow loss of the cooling fluid but reduces the rotor shaft strength. Taking into account the stiffness of the rotor shaft and the flow loss of the cooling fluid, the aperture ratio D2 / D4 = 0.2-0.5, and the preferred aperture ratio D2 / D4 = 0.34; a small aperture ratio D2 / D4 increases the stiffness of the rotor shaft but increases the flow loss of the cooling fluid; a large aperture ratio D2 / D4 reduces the flow loss of the cooling fluid but reduces the stiffness of the rotor shaft.

[0075] In some embodiments, L1 / D4=1.5-2.5, L2 / D4=3.5-5.5.

[0076] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown. To support rotor Z01, the positions of the first radial bearing 0201 and the second radial bearing 0202 relative to the shaft locating surface 0105 are fixed. To prevent the third cooling channel 0103 from damaging the effective load-bearing surface of the second radial bearing 0202, the distance L2 from the cross-section BB of the third cooling channel 0103 to the shaft locating surface 0105 cannot be too small. To ensure the compactness of the air cycle machine structure, L2 cannot be too large. Taking all factors into consideration, the aspect ratio L2 / D4 is determined to be 3.5 to 5.5, preferably 4.14. For structural compactness, the distance L1 from the cross-section AA of the first cooling channel 0101 to the shaft locating surface 0105 is within a certain range. An L1 that is too large or too small will result in the first cooling channel 0101 being covered when the radial shaft 02 is assembled with the main shaft 01. The aspect ratio L1 / D4 is 1.5 to 2.5.

[0077] In some embodiments, the first cooling channel 0101 extends along the radial direction of the main shaft 01, and the third cooling channel 0103 extends along the radial direction of the main shaft 01; and / or, there are multiple first cooling channels 0101, and the multiple first cooling channels 0101 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the main shaft 01, and there are multiple third cooling channels 0103, and the multiple third cooling channels 0103 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the main shaft 01.

[0078] In some embodiments, when there are multiple first cooling channels 0101 and multiple third cooling channels 0103, the number of the first cooling channels 0101 is 2 to 12, and the number of the third cooling channels 0103 is 2 to 12. Figure 4As shown, the first cooling channel 0101 and the third cooling channel 0103 are perpendicular to the rotating shaft and are evenly arranged around the circumference. The number of holes ranges from 2 to 12. Too many holes weaken the shaft, while too few holes make it difficult to ensure sufficient flow area. The preferred number of holes is 8.

[0079] Alternative implementations such as Figure 7 The fan base 10 , the third sealing structure 11 , the thrust piece 12 , the main shaft 01 and the fourth sealing structure 13 form a cavity q3 , which accommodates the second radial bearing 0202 .

[0080] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown. Airflow 3 in second cooling channel 0102 flows through third cooling channel 0103 and enters cavity q3. Airflow 4 in cavity q3 flows through the gap between second radial bearing 0202 and main shaft 01, removing the heat generated by the high-speed rotation of main shaft 01 relative to second radial bearing 0202, and then flows into bypass air path 1001 of fan base 10 to form airflow 5. Finally, airflow 5 is discharged from the air cycle unit through the fan side. However, in this embodiment, the cooling airflow is ultimately discharged outside the air cycle unit and cannot participate in the working medium circulation of the air conditioning component, thus wasting high-pressure airflow.

[0081] It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that, under the premise of no conflict, the above-mentioned advantageous methods can be freely combined and superimposed.

[0082] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and variations without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such improvements and variations shall also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An air cycle machine, characterized in that: include: The air cycle machine comprises an expander part (100), a compressor part (200), a fan part (300), a main shaft (01) and a radial shaft (02), wherein the main shaft (01) passes through the expander part (100), the compressor part (200) and the fan part (300); the air cycle machine further comprises a first radial bearing (0201), a second radial bearing (0202), a first thrust bearing (0203) and a second thrust bearing (0204), a first bleed air pipeline (06) and an air intake channel (0701), wherein the main shaft (01) passes through the first radial bearing (0201), a second radial bearing (0202), a first thrust bearing (0203) and a second thrust bearing (0204), a first bleed air pipeline (06) and an air intake channel (0701). The main shaft (01) is supported by a radial bearing (0201), a second radial bearing (0202), a first thrust bearing (0203) and a second thrust bearing (0204); the first radial bearing (0201), the first thrust bearing (0203) and the second thrust bearing (0204) are all arranged in a first bearing cavity (q1); the radial shaft (02) is sleeved on the outer circumference of a partial shaft section of the main shaft (01); an axial end of the radial shaft (02) can axially position the compressor portion; the second radial bearing (0202) is arranged in a second bearing cavity (q2); One end of the first air bleed pipe (06) can introduce gas from the expansion chamber of the expander part (100), and the other end is connected to one end of the air inlet channel (0701), and the other end of the air inlet channel (0701) is connected to the first bearing chamber (q1) for conveying cooling air for cooling the first radial bearing (0201), the first thrust bearing (0203) and the second thrust bearing (0204). A cooling channel is provided inside the main shaft (01), and the cooling channel can conduct the gas in the first bearing chamber (q1) to the second bearing chamber (q2) for conveying cooling air for cooling the second radial bearing (0202); and the gas after passing through the second radial bearing (0202) can be conducted to the air intake (201) of the compressor part (200); The cooling channel comprises a first cooling channel (0101), a second cooling channel (0102) and a third cooling channel (0103); one end of the first cooling channel (0101) is communicated with the first bearing cavity (q1), and the other end is communicated with the second cooling channel (0102); the second cooling channel (0102) extends along the axial direction of the main shaft (01); one end of the third cooling channel (0103) is communicated with one end of the second cooling channel (0102), and the other end is communicated with the second bearing cavity (q2); The aperture of the first cooling channel (0101) is D1, the aperture of the second cooling channel (0102) is D2, the aperture of the third cooling channel (0103) is D3, the outer peripheral surface of the shaft section of the main shaft (01) opposite to the second radial bearing (0202) is the shaft surface (0104), and the outer diameter of the shaft surface is D4, the end surface of the main shaft (01) connected to the compressor part (200) is the shaft positioning surface (0105), and the axial distance between the cross section AA at the position of the first cooling channel (0101) and the shaft positioning surface (0105) is L1, the axial distance between the cross section BB at the position of the third cooling channel (0103) and the shaft positioning surface (0105) is L2, and D3≥D1, and the aperture ratio D1 / D4=0.05~0.2, and the aperture ratio D3 / D4=0.2~0.

5.

2. The air cycle machine according to claim 1, wherein: The first radial bearing (0201) is sleeved on the outer circumference of a partial shaft section of the radial shaft (02); the second thrust bearing (0204) is also sleeved on the outer circumference of a partial shaft section of the radial shaft (02), and an annular groove is provided on the outer circumference of the radial shaft (02), and the second thrust bearing (0204) is provided in the annular groove to form an axial limit for the radial shaft (02); the radial shaft (02) and the main shaft (01) are fixedly connected.

3. The air cycle machine according to claim 1, wherein: A radial air hole (0200) is also provided on the radial shaft (02), one end of the radial air hole (0200) is in communication with the first bearing cavity (q1), and the other end is in communication with the first cooling channel (0101).

4. The air cycle machine according to claim 1, wherein: The invention comprises a bearing seat (07), wherein the first bearing cavity (q1) is arranged inside the bearing seat (07), and the air inlet passage (0701) is opened on the bearing seat (07); a first sealing structure (08) and a second sealing structure (09) are provided in the bearing seat (07), and the main shaft (01) is assembled on the bearing seat (07) through the first radial bearing (0201), the first thrust bearing (0203) and the second thrust bearing (0204); and the first bearing cavity (q1) is located in a cavity surrounded by the bearing seat (07), the main shaft (01), the first sealing structure (08) and the second sealing structure (09).

5. The air cycle machine according to claim 1, wherein: At least a partial structure of a thrust shaft (03) is also provided between the first thrust bearing (0203) and the second thrust bearing (0204); one end of the air inlet channel (0701) is opposite to the thrust shaft (03); the cooling gas enters the first bearing cavity (q1) from the air inlet channel (0701) and cools the first thrust bearing (0203) and the second thrust bearing (0204) respectively, and then reaches the first radial bearing (0201) and cools it; then enters the second cooling channel (0102) inside the main shaft (01) through the first cooling channel (0101); after entering the second cooling channel (0102), the cooling gas enters the second bearing cavity (q2) through the third cooling channel (0103) and cools the second radial bearing (0202).

6. The air cycle machine according to claim 5, wherein: The other axial end of the radial shaft (02) abuts against the thrust shaft (03).

7. The air cycle machine according to claim 5, wherein: A first gap is provided between the first radial bearing (0201) and the main shaft (01) or on the first radial bearing (0201) along its axial direction, and the first gap can conduct the airflow on one axial side of the first radial bearing (0201) to the other axial side thereof.

8. The air cycle machine according to claim 7, wherein: There is a second gap between the first thrust bearing (0203) and the thrust shaft (03), a third gap between the second thrust bearing (0204) and the thrust shaft (03), a fourth gap between the second thrust bearing (0204) and the radial shaft (02) or on the second thrust bearing (0204) along its axial direction, and a fifth gap (0301) is opened on the thrust shaft (03) along its axial direction. The fifth gap can conduct the airflow on one axial side of the thrust shaft (03) to the other axial side. The second thrust bearing (0204) is located between the thrust shaft (03) and the first radial bearing (0201).

9. The air cycle machine according to claim 8, wherein: The invention also includes a fan base (10), wherein the second bearing cavity (q2) is arranged in the fan base (10), and the fan base (10) is provided with a third sealing structure (11) and a thrust piece (12). The main shaft (01) is assembled on the fan base (10) through the second radial bearing (0202), and the second bearing cavity (q2) is located in a space enclosed by the fan base (10), the main shaft (01), the third sealing structure (11) and the thrust piece (12).

10. The air cycle machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The expansion shell (04) of the expander part (100) is further provided with a second air inlet channel (0401), the expansion shell (04) is further provided with an air guide portion (05), the air guide portion (05) is provided with a third air inlet channel (0501), one end of the first air inlet pipeline (06) is connected to one end of the third air inlet channel (0501), the other end of the third air inlet channel (0501) is connected to one end of the second air inlet channel (0401), and the other end of the second air inlet channel (0401) is connected to the expansion chamber of the expander part.

11. The air cycle machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The first radial bearing (0201) and the second radial bearing (0202) are radial pneumatic bearings; and / or the first thrust bearing (0203) and the second thrust bearing (0204) are thrust pneumatic bearings.

12. The air cycle machine according to claim 1, wherein L1 / D4=1.5~2.5, L2 / D4=3.5~5.

5.

13. The air cycle machine according to claim 1, wherein The first cooling channel (0101) extends in the radial direction of the main shaft (01), and the third cooling channel (0103) extends in the radial direction of the main shaft (01); and / or, there are a plurality of first cooling channels (0101), and the plurality of first cooling channels (0101) are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the main shaft (01), and there are a plurality of third cooling channels (0103), and the plurality of third cooling channels (0103) are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the main shaft (01).

14. The air cycle machine according to claim 13, wherein: The number of the first cooling channels (0101) is 2 to 12, and the number of the third cooling channels (0103) is 2 to 12.

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