A multi-element energy storage collaborative control system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-element energy storage collaborative control system and method. The multi-element energy storage collaborative control system includes a thermal power transmission line and a photovoltaic power transmission line. The photovoltaic power transmission line is connected to the thermal power transmission line via a first step-up transformer. The photovoltaic power transmission line is electrically connected to a first energy storage transmission line via a first control branch. The first energy storage transmission line is electrically connected to the thermal power transmission line via a power supply control branch and an energy storage control branch. The first energy storage transmission line is electrically connected to a second energy storage transmission line via an inverter power supply branch and a rectifier energy storage branch. By arranging battery clusters and supercapacitors, redundant energy from the power supply of the transmission lines is absorbed and stored. Peak electricity demand is used to supplement the grid's power supply, improving the diversity of the grid's power supply mode. During the stage of absorbing and storing redundant energy, the energy storage path is dynamically adjusted according to the state of the battery clusters and supercapacitors and the grid's power demand, achieving stable and efficient dynamic energy storage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a multi-element energy storage collaborative control system and method. Background Technology

[0002] As the goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking are being steadily advanced, the traditional power supply method relying primarily on thermal power generation is gradually being replaced by a power supply method based on new energy sources. However, the power generation of new energy sources is easily affected by external natural conditions, resulting in fluctuating power generation efficiency and unstable power supply. Therefore, energy storage has become a key technology for the widespread promotion of new energy power generation. In 2021, the State Grid Electric Power Research Institute led the completion of the grid connection test of the Yongzhou Mahuangtang Energy Storage Station, marking that the energy storage station can provide a safe and stable power supply to the grid. However, the connection between new energy power generation and grid connection and the energy storage station cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the grid's power consumption status, resulting in low energy storage efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the current technical problem that the connection path between new energy power generation and energy storage stations cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the power grid's electricity consumption status, this application proposes a multi-element energy storage collaborative control system and method.

[0004] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions:

[0005] This application discloses a multi-element energy storage collaborative control system, including a thermal power generation transmission line and a photovoltaic power generation transmission line. The photovoltaic power generation transmission line is connected to the thermal power generation transmission line via a first step-up transformer. The photovoltaic power generation transmission line is electrically connected to a first energy storage transmission line via a first control branch. The first energy storage transmission line is electrically connected to the thermal power generation transmission line via a power supply control branch and an energy storage control branch. The first energy storage transmission line is electrically connected to a second energy storage transmission line via an inverter power supply branch and a rectifier energy storage branch. The power line is electrically connected to the battery cluster and the supercapacitor respectively through the main switching control branch. A first backup control branch is set between the battery cluster and the second energy storage transmission line, and a second backup control branch is set between the supercapacitor and the second energy storage transmission line. The battery cluster and the supercapacitor are respectively equipped with a status monitoring component. The first control branch, the power supply control branch, the energy storage control branch, the main switching control branch, the first backup control branch, the second backup control branch, and the status monitoring component are all electrically connected to the power management system.

[0006] By deploying battery clusters and supercapacitors, redundant energy from power transmission lines can be absorbed and stored, peak power consumption can be used to supplement the power grid, and the diversity of power supply methods can be improved. During the stage of absorbing and storing redundant power supply energy, the energy storage path can be dynamically adjusted according to the status of battery clusters and supercapacitors and the power consumption status of the power grid to achieve stable and efficient dynamic energy storage.

[0007] Preferably, the photovoltaic power generation transmission line is equipped with a first reactive power compensator, the inverter power supply branch is equipped with a second reactive power compensator, and the thermal power generation transmission line is equipped with a third reactive power compensator near the load end. The first reactive power compensator, the second reactive power compensator, and the third reactive power compensator are all electrically connected to the power management system.

[0008] Preferably, the photovoltaic power generation transmission line includes several combiner boxes, the incoming end of the combiner box is electrically connected to the photovoltaic array, and the outgoing end of the combiner box is electrically connected to the incoming side of the first step-up transformer through a first inverter; a first reactive power compensator is connected in parallel on the transmission line between the first inverter and the first step-up transformer, and the outgoing side of the first inverter is electrically connected to the first energy storage transmission line through a first control branch.

[0009] Preferably, the inverter power supply branch includes a second inverter and a second step-up transformer. The input side of the second inverter is electrically connected to the second energy storage transmission line, and the output side of the second inverter is electrically connected to the input side of the second step-up transformer. A second reactive power compensator is connected in parallel to the transmission line between the output side of the second inverter and the input side of the second step-up transformer. The output side of the second step-up transformer is electrically connected to the first energy storage transmission line. The rectifier energy storage branch includes a step-down transformer and a rectifier. The input side of the step-down transformer is electrically connected to the first energy storage transmission line, and the output side of the step-down transformer is electrically connected to the input side of the rectifier through a fuse. The output side of the rectifier is electrically connected to the second energy storage transmission line.

[0010] Preferably, both the first energy storage transmission line and the second energy storage transmission line are dual-circuit transmission lines, each including a power supply line and an energy storage line. The photovoltaic power generation transmission line, the energy storage control branch, and the rectifier energy storage branch are all electrically connected to the energy storage line. The power supply control branch and the inverter power supply branch are electrically connected to the power supply line. The main switching control branch is electrically connected to the power supply line, and the first backup control branch and the second backup control branch are electrically connected to the power supply line and the energy storage line, respectively.

[0011] Preferably, the main switching control branch, the first backup control branch, and the second backup control branch together form a dual switching control loop to adjust the usage status of the battery cluster and the supercapacitor, so as to meet the requirements of one-use-one-storage, dual-use, or dual-storage.

[0012] Preferably, the main switching control branch includes a transfer switch, the incoming terminal of which is electrically connected to the second energy storage transmission line, and the outgoing terminals of which are electrically connected to the battery cluster and the supercapacitor via a first branch and a second branch, respectively. The transfer switch is also electrically connected to the power management system. Both the first and second backup control branches include a first circuit breaker, a disconnector, a second circuit breaker, and a third circuit breaker. The battery cluster and the supercapacitor are electrically connected to the first circuit breaker, which is also electrically connected to the disconnector. The disconnector is electrically connected to the power supply line and the energy storage line via the first and second circuit breakers, respectively. All three circuit breakers are also electrically connected to the power management system.

[0013] Preferably, the status monitoring component includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and an infrared temperature sensor. The voltage sensor is connected in parallel with the battery cluster and the supercapacitor. The current sensor is connected in series with the output side of the battery cluster and the supercapacitor. The infrared temperature sensor is located on the outside of the battery cluster and the supercapacitor. The voltage sensor, the current sensor, and the infrared temperature sensor are all electrically connected to the power management system.

[0014] Preferably, the power management system includes a field controller, which is electrically connected to an external power source via a power converter, and is electrically connected to a local storage unit, a wireless data transmission unit, and a relay unit. The wireless data transmission unit is communicatively connected to a remote control host.

[0015] This application also discloses a multi-element energy storage coordinated control method, including the following steps:

[0016] S1. During peak electricity consumption periods, the photovoltaic power generation transmission lines, battery clusters, and supercapacitors are all connected to the thermal power generation transmission lines. S2. According to step S1, when the voltage of the battery clusters and / or supercapacitors is lower than the lower voltage limit setting, the power supply lines of the battery clusters and / or supercapacitors are disconnected, and at the same time, the photovoltaic power generation transmission lines are connected to the energy storage lines, and the supercapacitors and / or battery clusters begin to charge and store energy.

[0017] S3. During normal power consumption periods, the photovoltaic power generation transmission line is switched to the energy storage line, and the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor begin to charge and store energy.

[0018] S4. During off-peak electricity consumption periods, photovoltaic power generation lines and thermal power transmission lines are switched to energy storage lines, and battery clusters and / or supercapacitors begin charging and energy storage.

[0019] S5. According to steps S2-S4, when the temperature of the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor during the charging and discharging process is higher than the upper temperature limit setting value, disconnect the energy storage circuit of the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects are:

[0021] 1. This application achieves the absorption and storage of redundant energy from power transmission lines by arranging battery clusters and supercapacitors in conjunction with a first energy storage line, a second energy storage line, an inverter power supply branch, a rectifier energy storage branch, a main switching control branch, a first backup control branch, and a second backup control branch. It also supplements the grid with peak power consumption, improves the diversity of power supply methods, and dynamically adjusts the energy storage path according to the status of the battery clusters and supercapacitors and the grid power consumption status during the stage of absorbing and storing redundant energy. This achieves stable and efficient dynamic energy storage.

[0022] 2. This application monitors the operating status of the battery cluster and supercapacitor in real time during the charging and discharging process, and dynamically adjusts the charging and discharging status according to the operating status, thereby optimizing the charging and discharging performance of the battery cluster and supercapacitor, improving energy storage efficiency, and extending the service life of energy storage components. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is the overall system architecture diagram of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the overall workflow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-2 The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained below:

[0027] Example 1

[0028] like Figure 1As shown, this application discloses a multi-energy storage collaborative control system, including a thermal power transmission line and a photovoltaic power transmission line. The photovoltaic power transmission line is connected to the thermal power transmission line via a first step-up transformer. A load device is connected to the end of the thermal power transmission line, and a third reactive power compensator is installed near the load end of the thermal power transmission line. In other words, connecting the thermal power transmission line to the photovoltaic power transmission line improves the stability and multi-source nature of the power grid, meeting the power demand of the load end. Simultaneously, connecting the third reactive power compensator near the load end of the transmission line improves the power factor of the power grid and reduces power losses in the transmission line.

[0029] The photovoltaic power generation transmission line is electrically connected to the first energy storage transmission line via a first control branch. The first energy storage transmission line is electrically connected to the thermal power generation transmission line via both a power supply control branch and an energy storage control branch. The first energy storage transmission line is also electrically connected to the second energy storage transmission line via both an inverter power supply branch and a rectifier energy storage branch. In other words, the first control branch controls whether the photovoltaic power generation transmission line is connected to the first energy storage transmission line. Simultaneously, the first energy storage transmission line is connected to the thermal power generation transmission line for power supply using both the power supply control branch and the inverter power supply branch. The energy storage control branch and the rectifier energy storage branch control the connection of the thermal power generation transmission line to the first energy storage transmission line for energy storage, achieving bidirectional operation of power supply and energy storage, which can be performed simultaneously. It should be noted that the first control branch includes a disconnecting switch and a smart circuit breaker, with the smart circuit breaker used to control the connection of the photovoltaic power generation transmission line to the first energy storage transmission line.

[0030] The second energy storage transmission line is electrically connected to the battery cluster and the supercapacitor respectively through the main switching control branch. A first backup control branch is set between the battery cluster and the second energy storage transmission line, and a second backup control branch is set between the supercapacitor and the second energy storage transmission line. The battery cluster and the supercapacitor are respectively equipped with a status monitoring component. The first control branch, the power supply control branch, the energy storage control branch, the main switching control branch, the first backup control branch, the second backup control branch, and the status monitoring component are all electrically connected to the power management system. In other words, the main switching control branch can be used to control the discharge of the battery cluster or supercapacitor, which can then be connected to the power grid through the power supply line. At the same time, the first and second backup control branches between the battery cluster and supercapacitor and the second energy storage transmission line can realize the individual charging and discharging of the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor. The state monitoring component can monitor the charging and discharging status of the battery cluster and supercapacitor in real time. In addition, combined with the power grid's power consumption status, it can adjust in real time whether the photovoltaic power generation transmission line and the thermal power generation transmission line are connected to the energy storage line for energy storage. At the same time, it can adjust the energy storage path between the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor.

[0031] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic power transmission line is equipped with a first reactive power compensator, and the inverter power supply branch is equipped with a second reactive power compensator. The first, second, and third reactive power compensators are all electrically connected to the power management system. That is, in order to improve the power factor on each transmission line and reduce power loss, a first and second reactive power compensator are installed beside the photovoltaic power transmission line and the inverter power supply branch. The power factor of the transmission line is calculated in real time based on the current, voltage, and power parameters obtained from the output side of each transformer, and the connection of the first and / or second reactive power compensators to the transmission line is then adjusted accordingly.

[0032] Specifically, the photovoltaic power transmission line includes several combiner boxes. The incoming terminals of the combiner boxes are electrically connected to the photovoltaic array, and the outgoing terminals of the combiner boxes are electrically connected to the incoming side of the first step-up transformer via a first inverter. A first reactive power compensator is connected in parallel on the transmission line between the first inverter and the first step-up transformer, and the outgoing side of the first inverter is electrically connected to the first energy storage transmission line via a first control branch. In other words, the DC power is collected by multiple combiner boxes and then converted into high-voltage AC power by the first inverter and the step-up transformer, thereby meeting the current standards for grid connection.

[0033] Specifically, the inverter power supply branch includes a second inverter and a second step-up transformer. The input side of the second inverter is electrically connected to the second energy storage transmission line, and the output side of the second inverter is electrically connected to the input side of the second step-up transformer. A second reactive power compensator is connected in parallel to the transmission line between the output side of the second inverter and the input side of the second step-up transformer. The output side of the second step-up transformer is electrically connected to the first energy storage transmission line. The rectifier energy storage branch includes a step-down transformer and a rectifier. The input side of the step-down transformer is electrically connected to the first energy storage transmission line, and the output side of the step-down transformer is electrically connected to the input side of the rectifier via a fuse. The output side of the rectifier is electrically connected to the second energy storage transmission line. In other words, the inverter and the second step-up transformer convert the discharge current of the energy storage element into high-voltage AC power, and the step-down transformer and the rectifier convert the high-voltage AC power into low-voltage DC power.

[0034] In some embodiments, both the first energy storage transmission line and the second energy storage transmission line are dual-circuit transmission lines, each including a power supply line and an energy storage line. The photovoltaic power generation transmission line, the energy storage control branch, and the rectifier energy storage branch are all electrically connected to the energy storage line. The power supply control branch and the inverter power supply branch are electrically connected to the power supply line. The main switching control branch is electrically connected to the power supply line, and the first backup control branch and the second backup control branch are electrically connected to the power supply line and the energy storage line, respectively. In other words, the first and second energy storage transmission lines are arranged as dual-circuit independent lines. The power supply line is used to supply power unidirectionally to the thermal power transmission line, and the energy storage line is used to receive the electrical energy connected to the thermal power transmission line and / or the photovoltaic power transmission line, and transmit it unidirectionally to the energy storage element for storage. The main switching control branch is used as the main power supply switching mode, which can adjust the unidirectional power supply from the battery cluster or supercapacitor to the thermal power transmission line. The first and second backup control branches are used to independently control the charging or discharging of the battery cluster or supercapacitor. That is, the battery cluster can switch between discharging and charging with the power supply line and the energy storage line through the first backup control branch, and the supercapacitor can switch between discharging and charging with the power supply line and the energy storage circuit through the second backup control branch, thereby realizing multi-mode charging and discharging.

[0035] In some embodiments, the main switching control branch, the first backup control branch, and the second backup control branch collectively form a dual switching control loop to adjust the usage status of the battery cluster and the supercapacitor, thereby meeting the requirements of one-for-one use, dual use, or dual storage. That is, the main switching control branch can be used to control the discharge of the battery cluster or supercapacitor and connect it to the grid, while simultaneously controlling the conduction of the first backup control branch or the second backup control branch independently, enabling the supercapacitor or battery cluster to charge and store energy synchronously, thus achieving one-for-one backup. By adjusting the conduction circuit of the first backup control branch or the second backup control branch, the charging and discharging state of the battery cluster or supercapacitor can be adjusted. In other words, when the main switching control branch is switched to the point where the battery cluster begins to discharge, the first control branch can be switched on to connect the photovoltaic power transmission line to the energy storage line in the first energy storage transmission line. At the same time, the second backup control branch is switched on to connect with the energy storage line, and the supercapacitor begins to charge, achieving one backup and one use. During peak electricity demand, the second backup control branch can be switched on to connect with the power supply line, and the supercapacitor begins to discharge, achieving synchronous power supply to the battery cluster and the supercapacitor. During off-peak electricity demand, the main switching control branch is completely disconnected, and the first and second backup control branches are switched on to connect with the energy storage line, allowing the battery cluster and the supercapacitor to start synchronous charging and energy storage.

[0036] Specifically, the main switching control branch includes a transfer switch. The input terminal of the transfer switch is electrically connected to the second energy storage transmission line, and the output terminal of the transfer switch is electrically connected to the battery cluster and the supercapacitor through a first branch and a second branch, respectively. The transfer switch is also electrically connected to the power management system. Both the first and second backup control branches include a first circuit breaker, a disconnector, a second circuit breaker, and a third circuit breaker. The battery cluster and the supercapacitor are electrically connected to the first circuit breaker, which is also electrically connected to the disconnector. The disconnector is electrically connected to the power supply line and the energy storage line through the first and second circuit breakers, respectively. All three circuit breakers are also electrically connected to the power management system. In other words, the dynamic switching between charging and discharging of the battery cluster and the supercapacitor can be achieved through the cooperation of the transfer switch, the first circuit breaker, the second circuit breaker, and the third circuit breaker, greatly improving energy storage efficiency.

[0037] Specifically, the status monitoring component includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and an infrared temperature sensor. The voltage sensor is connected in parallel with the battery cluster and the supercapacitor. A current sensor is connected in series with the output terminals of the battery cluster and the supercapacitor. An infrared temperature sensor is located on the outside of the battery cluster and the supercapacitor. The voltage sensor, current sensor, and infrared temperature sensor are all electrically connected to the power management system. The power management system includes a field controller, which is electrically connected to an external power source via a power converter. The field controller is also electrically connected to a local storage unit, a wireless data transmission unit, and a relay unit. The wireless data transmission unit is communicatively connected to a remote control host. In other words, by using the voltage and current sensors to monitor the voltage and output current parameters of the battery cluster and the supercapacitor in real time, the energy storage status of the battery cluster and the battery cluster can be determined. Based on the energy storage status, dynamic adjustment of the charging and discharging state between the battery cluster and the supercapacitor can be achieved.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, this application also discloses a multi-element energy storage coordinated control method, including the following steps:

[0040] S1. During peak electricity consumption periods, all photovoltaic (PV) power transmission lines, battery clusters, and supercapacitors are connected to thermal power transmission lines. In other words, during peak electricity consumption periods, to alleviate the load on the main grid and ensure stable power supply, all PV power transmission lines, battery clusters, and supercapacitors are connected to thermal power transmission lines, thereby meeting the main grid's electricity demand. Specifically, by controlling the closing of the fuse between the first inverter and the step-up transformer in the PV power transmission line, the PV power transmission line is connected to the grid. Simultaneously, by controlling the closing of the circuit breaker in the power supply branch, the power supply return branch consisting of the battery clusters and supercapacitors is connected to the main grid.

[0041] S2. According to step S1, when the voltage of the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor is lower than the lower voltage limit setting, the power supply line of the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor is disconnected, and the photovoltaic power generation transmission line is simultaneously switched to the energy storage line, and the supercapacitor and / or battery cluster begin charging and energy storage. That is to say, during the discharge process of the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor, when the voltage of the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor is lower than the minimum energy storage voltage, the photovoltaic power generation transmission line can be connected to the energy storage line by controlling the circuit breaker of the first control branch to close. At this time, after step-down rectification through the rectifier transmission line, it is connected to the next-level energy storage line. Subsequently, the first backup control branch and / or the second backup branch are connected to the energy storage line. It should be noted that when the voltage of both the battery cluster and the supercapacitor is lower than the minimum energy storage voltage, the control switch is completely disconnected. At this time, the first backup branch and the second backup branch are fully connected to the energy storage line, and synchronous charging and energy storage begin. In other words, when the main switching control branch is switched to the point where the battery cluster begins to discharge, the first control branch can be switched on to connect the photovoltaic power transmission line to the energy storage line in the first energy storage transmission line. At the same time, the second backup control branch is switched on to connect with the energy storage line, and the supercapacitor begins to charge, achieving one backup and one use. During peak electricity demand, the second backup control branch can be switched on to connect with the power supply line, and the supercapacitor begins to discharge, achieving synchronous power supply to the battery cluster and the supercapacitor. During off-peak electricity demand, the main switching control branch is completely disconnected, and the first and second backup control branches are switched on to connect with the energy storage line, allowing the battery cluster and the supercapacitor to start synchronous charging and energy storage.

[0042] S3. During normal power consumption periods, the photovoltaic power generation transmission line is switched to the energy storage line, and the battery clusters and / or supercapacitors begin charging and storing energy. In other words, during normal power consumption periods, when the main grid can meet power demand through thermal power generation, the photovoltaic power generation transmission line is connected to the energy storage line within the first energy storage transmission line by disconnecting the fuse between the photovoltaic power generation transmission line and the main grid, and simultaneously closing the circuit breaker of the first control branch. Subsequently, by controlling the connection between the first backup control branch and / or the second backup branch and the energy storage line, the battery clusters and / or supercapacitors begin charging and storing energy. It should be noted that when the battery clusters and supercapacitors begin charging and storing energy simultaneously, the transfer switch must first be disconnected, at which point the battery clusters and supercapacitors are fully connected to the energy storage line.

[0043] S4. During off-peak electricity demand periods, the photovoltaic power generation lines and thermal power transmission lines are connected to the energy storage line, and the battery clusters and / or supercapacitors begin charging and storing energy. In other words, during off-peak electricity demand periods, the main grid is supplied by thermal power transmission lines with energy redundancy. At this time, the circuit breakers of the first control branch and the energy storage branch can be closed synchronously. The photovoltaic power generation lines and thermal power transmission lines are then simultaneously connected to the energy storage line, beginning to charge and store energy for the battery clusters and / or supercapacitors. It is important to note that when the battery clusters and supercapacitors begin charging and storing energy synchronously, the transfer switch must first be disconnected, at which point the battery clusters and supercapacitors are fully connected to the energy storage line.

[0044] S5. According to steps S2-S4, when the temperature of the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor during charging and discharging exceeds the upper temperature limit setting, the energy storage circuit of the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor is disconnected. That is, during the charging and discharging phase of the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor, an infrared temperature sensor is used to monitor changes in battery status in real time. When the temperature exceeds the safety warning level, the circuit breaker and transfer switch between the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor and the energy storage circuit or power supply circuit are disconnected, completely severing the connection between the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor and the external circuit, ensuring the safe use of the overall energy storage components.

[0045] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A multi-element energy storage collaborative control system, comprising thermal power transmission lines and photovoltaic power transmission lines, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power generation transmission line is connected to the thermal power generation transmission line through a first step-up transformer. The photovoltaic power generation transmission line is electrically connected to the first energy storage transmission line through a first control branch. The first energy storage transmission line is electrically connected to the thermal power generation transmission line through a power supply control branch and an energy storage control branch. The first energy storage transmission line is electrically connected to the second energy storage transmission line through an inverter power supply branch and a rectifier energy storage branch. The second energy storage transmission line is electrically connected to the battery cluster and the supercapacitor through a main switching control branch. A first backup control branch is provided between the battery cluster and the second energy storage transmission line, and a second backup control branch is provided between the supercapacitor and the second energy storage transmission line. The inverter power supply branch includes a second inverter and a second step-up transformer. The input side of the second inverter is electrically connected to the second energy storage transmission line, and the output side of the second inverter is electrically connected to the input side of the second step-up transformer. A second reactive power compensator is connected in parallel to the transmission line between the output side of the second inverter and the input side of the second step-up transformer. The output side of the second step-up transformer is electrically connected to the first energy storage transmission line. The rectifier energy storage branch includes a step-down transformer and a rectifier. The input side of the step-down transformer is electrically connected to the first energy storage transmission line, and the output side of the step-down transformer is connected to the first energy storage transmission line via a fuse. The rectifier's input side is electrically connected, and the rectifier's output side is electrically connected to the second energy storage transmission line; both the first and second energy storage transmission lines are dual-circuit transmission lines, each including a power supply line and an energy storage line; the photovoltaic power generation transmission line, the energy storage control branch, and the rectifier energy storage branch are all electrically connected to the energy storage line; the power supply control branch and the inverter power supply branch are electrically connected to the power supply line; the main switching control branch is electrically connected to the power supply line; and the first backup control branch and the second backup control branch are respectively electrically connected to the power supply line and the energy storage line. The main switching control branch, the first backup control branch, and the second backup control branch together form a dual switching control loop to adjust the usage status of the battery cluster and the supercapacitor, so as to meet the requirements of one-use-one-storage, dual-use, or dual-storage. The battery cluster and the supercapacitor are each equipped with a status monitoring component. The first control branch, the power supply control branch, the energy storage control branch, the main switching control branch, the first backup control branch, the second backup control branch, and the status monitoring component are all electrically connected to the power management system.

2. The multi-element energy storage collaborative control system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power generation transmission line is equipped with a first reactive power compensator, the inverter power supply branch is equipped with a second reactive power compensator, and the thermal power generation transmission line is equipped with a third reactive power compensator near the load end. The first reactive power compensator, the second reactive power compensator, and the third reactive power compensator are all electrically connected to the power management system.

3. The multi-element energy storage collaborative control system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power generation transmission line includes several combiner boxes. The incoming end of the combiner box is electrically connected to the photovoltaic array, and the outgoing end of the combiner box is electrically connected to the incoming side of the first step-up transformer through the first inverter. A first reactive power compensator is connected in parallel on the transmission line between the first inverter and the first step-up transformer, and the outgoing side of the first inverter is electrically connected to the first energy storage transmission line through the first control branch.

4. The multi-element energy storage collaborative control system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The main switching control branch includes a transfer switch. The incoming terminal of the transfer switch is electrically connected to the second energy storage transmission line. The outgoing terminals of the transfer switch are electrically connected to the battery cluster and the supercapacitor via a first branch and a second branch, respectively. The transfer switch is electrically connected to the power management system. Both the first backup control branch and the second backup control branch include a first circuit breaker, a disconnector, a second circuit breaker, and a third circuit breaker. The battery cluster and the supercapacitor are electrically connected to the first circuit breaker. The first circuit breaker is electrically connected to the disconnector. The disconnector is electrically connected to the power supply line and the energy storage line via the first circuit breaker and the second circuit breaker, respectively. The first circuit breaker, the second circuit breaker, and the third circuit breaker are all electrically connected to the power management system.

5. The multi-element energy storage collaborative control system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The status monitoring component includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and an infrared temperature sensor. The voltage sensor is connected in parallel with the battery cluster and the supercapacitor. The current sensor is connected in series with the output side of the battery cluster and the supercapacitor. The infrared temperature sensor is located on the outside of the battery cluster and the supercapacitor. The voltage sensor, the current sensor, and the infrared temperature sensor are all electrically connected to the power management system.

6. The multi-element energy storage collaborative control system as described in claim 1, 2, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The power management system includes a field controller, which is electrically connected to an external power source via a power converter. The field controller is also electrically connected to a local storage unit, a wireless data transmission unit, and a relay unit. The wireless data transmission unit is communicatively connected to a remote control host.

7. A multi-element energy storage collaborative control method, applied to a multi-element energy storage collaborative control system as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. During peak electricity consumption periods, all photovoltaic power generation transmission lines, battery clusters, and supercapacitors are connected to thermal power generation transmission lines. S2. According to step S1, when the voltage of the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor is lower than the voltage lower limit setting value, disconnect the power supply line of the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor, and at the same time switch the photovoltaic power generation transmission line to the energy storage line, and the supercapacitor and / or battery cluster start charging and storing energy. S3. During normal power consumption periods, the photovoltaic power generation transmission line is switched to the energy storage line, and the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor begin to charge and store energy. S4. During off-peak electricity consumption periods, photovoltaic power generation lines and thermal power transmission lines are switched to energy storage lines, and battery clusters and / or supercapacitors begin charging and energy storage. S5. According to steps S2-S4, based on the infrared temperature sensor, monitor the battery status changes of the battery cluster in real time. When the temperature of the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor during charging and discharging is higher than the upper temperature limit set value, disconnect the energy storage line of the battery cluster and / or supercapacitor.

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