A fatigue driving warning method, system and computer-readable storage medium based on road condition complexity level

Abstract

The present invention provides a fatigue driving warning method, system and computer-readable storage medium based on the complexity level of road conditions, wherein the method includes: determining the first complexity level corresponding to the first road condition on which the vehicle is currently traveling, and obtaining the first continuous driving time of the driver under the road condition of the first complexity level; determining the second road condition on which the vehicle has been traveling and the corresponding second complexity level according to the first road condition and the first complexity level, and obtaining the second continuous driving time of the driver under the road condition of the second complexity level; when the second complexity level is higher than the first complexity level, determining the maximum continuous driving time of the driver under the road condition of the first complexity level according to the second continuous driving time; if the first duration is greater than the maximum continuous driving time, controlling the vehicle to execute fatigue driving warning. The method takes into account the impact of different road conditions on the maximum continuous driving time, and can timely remind the driver to rest or take corresponding safety measures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a fatigue driving warning method and system based on the complexity level of road conditions, and a computer-readable storage medium. Background Art

[0002] At present, in order to improve the driver's driving safety and prevent the driver from driving fatigue, the driver's continuous driving time is usually detected. When it is detected that the driver's continuous driving time reaches a preset value, the driver needs to be reminded to rest or take some safety measures to protect the driver's driving safety as much as possible.

[0003] Faced with different road conditions, the driver's emotions and concentration levels are often different. When driving under some complex road conditions, the driver often needs to concentrate more on driving and maintain a mental state for a short time. For example, when the driver is driving under more complex road conditions such as bumps and changeable road conditions, the driver can often concentrate better under the vibration of the vehicle and brain stimulation, maintain a mental state, and analyze and think about the road conditions. However, due to high-intensity thinking, the maximum continuous driving time that the driver can persist will actually be shortened accordingly, especially when the driver changes from complex road conditions to driving under simple road conditions such as high-speed highways without congestion, the brain nerves will enter a relatively relaxed state from a tense state, and the vehicle will drive relatively smoothly under smooth road conditions, which makes it easier for the driver to fall asleep. If the solution of the prior art is adopted, according to a certain preset value as the maximum continuous driving time, it often cannot meet the driver's actual maximum continuous driving time, and cannot timely remind the driver to rest or take corresponding safety measures. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fatigue driving warning method, system and computer-readable medium based on the complexity level of road conditions, so as to solve the problem that the prior art does not combine road condition information to only judge the driving time and cannot promptly remind the driver to rest or take corresponding safety measures.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a fatigue driving warning method based on the complexity level of road conditions, comprising:

[0006] Determine a first complexity level corresponding to a first road condition on which the vehicle is currently traveling, and obtain a first continuous driving time of the driver under the road condition of the first complexity level;

[0007] Determining a second road condition on which the vehicle has traveled and a second complexity level corresponding to the second road condition according to the first road condition and the first complexity level, and obtaining a second continuous driving time of the driver in the road condition of the second complexity level, wherein the second road condition is the road condition closest to the first road condition in the sequence of the road conditions during the vehicle's driving, and the second complexity level corresponding to the second road condition is different from the first complexity level;

[0008] determining whether the second complexity level is higher than the first complexity level, and if so, determining the maximum continuous driving time of the driver under the road conditions of the first complexity level according to the second continuous driving time,

[0009] Determine whether the first duration is greater than the maximum continuous driving time. If so, send a fatigue driving warning instruction to control the vehicle to execute fatigue driving warning.

[0010] In a specific embodiment, the method further comprises:

[0011] Obtaining the driver's current driving state information, the driver's cumulative driving time under each level of complexity of the road condition, and the time weight corresponding to each level of complexity;

[0012] determining a first fatigue level of the driver according to the driver state information, the accumulated driving time and the time weight;

[0013] The maximum continuous driving time is adjusted according to the first fatigue level.

[0014] In a specific implementation, adjusting the maximum continuous driving time according to the first fatigue level specifically includes:

[0015] Determine whether the first continuous driving time is less than the maximum continuous driving time. If so, determine whether the first fatigue level is greater than a first preset fatigue level. If so, reduce the maximum continuous driving time.

[0016] In a specific implementation, adjusting the maximum continuous driving time according to the first fatigue level specifically includes:

[0017] It is determined whether the first continuous driving time is less than the maximum continuous driving time. If so, it is determined whether the first fatigue level is less than a second preset fatigue level. If so, the maximum continuous driving time is increased.

[0018] In a specific implementation, determining the first fatigue level of the driver according to the driver state information, the accumulated driving time and the time weight specifically includes:

[0019] determining a second fatigue level of the driver according to the current driving state information of the driver;

[0020] determining a third fatigue level of the driver according to the accumulated driving time and the time weight;

[0021] The first fatigue level is determined based on the second fatigue level and the third fatigue level.

[0022] In a specific implementation, determining the first fatigue level according to the second fatigue level and the third fatigue level specifically includes:

[0023] If the second fatigue level is higher than the third fatigue level, determining the second fatigue level to be the first fatigue level;

[0024] If the second fatigue level is lower than the third fatigue level, the third fatigue level is determined to be the first fatigue level.

[0025] In a specific implementation, determining the first complexity level corresponding to the first road condition currently traveled by the vehicle specifically includes:

[0026] Collecting the vehicle operation frequency of the driver in a preset time period of the first road condition currently being driven and the maximum vibration amplitude and vibration frequency of the vehicle in the preset time period;

[0027] A first complexity level corresponding to a first road condition in which the vehicle is currently traveling is determined according to the vehicle operating frequency, the maximum vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency.

[0028] Another aspect of the present invention provides a fatigue driving warning system based on road condition level, comprising:

[0029] A first complexity level determining unit, used to determine a first complexity level corresponding to a first road condition currently traveled by the vehicle;

[0030] a first continuous driving time acquisition unit, used for acquiring a first continuous driving time of the driver under the road condition of the first complexity level;

[0031] A second complexity level determining unit is configured to determine a second road condition on which the vehicle is traveling and a second complexity level corresponding to the second road condition according to the first road condition and the first complexity level, wherein;

[0032] a second continuous driving time acquisition unit, used for acquiring a second continuous driving time of the driver under the road condition of the second complexity level;

[0033] a maximum duration determination unit, configured to determine whether the second complexity level is higher than the first complexity level, and if so, determine a maximum continuous driving time of the driver on the road condition of the first complexity level according to the second continuous driving time;

[0034] The fatigue driving warning determination unit is used to determine whether the first duration is greater than the maximum continuous driving time. If so, a fatigue driving warning instruction is sent to control the execution of the fatigue driving warning.

[0035] In a specific embodiment, the system further comprises:

[0036] An information acquisition unit, used to acquire the driver's current driving state information, the driver's cumulative driving time under each complexity level of road conditions, and the time weight corresponding to each complexity level;

[0037] a first fatigue level determination unit, configured to determine a first fatigue level of the driver according to the driver state information, the accumulated driving time and the time weight;

[0038] A maximum sustainable driving time adjustment unit is used to adjust the maximum sustainable driving time according to the first fatigue level.

[0039] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and the computer program implements the steps of the above method when executed by a processor.

[0040] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are as follows: by determining the first complexity level corresponding to the road condition on which the vehicle is currently traveling and the driver's continuous driving time at the first complexity level, the second complexity level and the driver's continuous driving time at the second complexity level are obtained according to the first complexity level, and when the second complexity level is greater than the first complexity level, the driver's maximum continuous driving time at the first complexity level is determined according to the second continuous driving time, and if the first continuous driving time is greater than the maximum continuous driving time, a fatigue driving warning instruction is generated to control the vehicle to perform fatigue warning driving. This method takes into account the impact of the driver's energy consumption on the maximum continuous driving time under different road conditions, and can adjust the maximum continuous driving time used to trigger the execution of fatigue driving warning when the road condition changes from complex to relatively simple, and promptly remind the driver to rest or take corresponding safety measures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a fatigue driving warning method based on the complexity level of road conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following descriptions of the embodiments refer to the accompanying drawings to illustrate specific embodiments in which the present invention may be implemented.

[0044] The following reference Figure 1 As shown, the first embodiment of the present invention provides a fatigue driving warning method based on the complexity level of road conditions, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S1. Determine a first complexity level corresponding to a first road condition on which a vehicle is currently traveling, and obtain a first continuous driving time of a driver under the road condition of the first complexity level.

[0046] Specifically, the complexity level corresponding to the first road condition on which the vehicle is currently traveling is determined, and the first complexity level corresponding to the current first road condition of the vehicle is obtained from a plurality of preset complexity levels according to the determined complexity level, and the first continuous driving time of the driver under the road condition of the first complexity level is calculated in real time.

[0047] In a specific implementation, determining the first complexity level corresponding to the first road condition currently traveled by the vehicle specifically includes:

[0048] A. Collecting the maximum vibration amplitude and maximum vibration frequency of the vehicle within a preset time period and the vehicle operation frequency of the driver within the preset time period during the driving process of the vehicle in the current first road condition.

[0049] Specifically, the maximum vibration amplitude and vibration frequency of the vehicle within a preset time period are detected by sensors. The maximum vibration amplitude and vibration frequency can indirectly reflect the complexity of the road conditions.

[0050] Specifically, the sensor detects the driver's vehicle operation frequency within a preset time period, and the driver's vehicle operation within the preset time period includes the driver controlling the turn signal, stepping on the accelerator, stepping on the accelerator pedal, adjusting the gear, etc. The vehicle operation frequency of the vehicle driver indirectly reflects the driver's thinking intensity and the complexity of the road conditions to a certain extent.

[0051] B. Determine a first complexity level corresponding to a first road condition on which the vehicle is currently traveling based on the maximum vibration amplitude, the vibration frequency, and the vehicle operating frequency.

[0052] In a specific implementation, the vehicle operating frequency a, the maximum vibration amplitude b and the maximum vibration frequency c are used as input features and input into a pre-trained neural network model, and the corresponding complexity level is calculated by the neural network model.

[0053] In a specific implementation, the vehicle operating frequency a, the maximum vibration amplitude b and the maximum vibration frequency c may be used as index conditions, and the complexity levels corresponding to a, b and c may be queried by table lookup to obtain the first complexity level.

[0054] S2. Determine a second road condition on which the vehicle has traveled and a second complexity level corresponding to the second road condition based on the first road condition and the first complexity level, and obtain a second continuous driving time of the driver under the road condition of the second complexity level, wherein the second road condition is the road condition closest to the first road condition in the order in which the vehicle has traveled during driving, and the second complexity level corresponding to the second road condition is different from the first complexity level.

[0055] Specifically, the second complexity level is, in the order of the road conditions experienced by the vehicle, a complexity level corresponding to a previous road condition that is closest to the current road condition and has a corresponding complexity level different from the first complexity level.

[0056] For example, suppose a vehicle is driving on a road and the current time is the third hour of driving. The road condition in the first two hours is Grade A, and the road condition in the next hour is Grade B. Then the road condition corresponding to the next hour is the first road condition, and the first complexity level is Grade B. The road condition corresponding to the first two hours is the second road condition, and the second complexity level is Grade A. The first duration is 1 hour, and the second duration is 2 hours.

[0057] S3. Determine whether the second complexity level is higher than the first complexity level; if so, determine the maximum continuous driving time of the driver under the road condition of the first complexity level according to the second continuous driving time.

[0058] In a specific implementation, the maximum continuous driving time may be determined by looking up a table according to the second continuous driving time, wherein the table already stores a correspondence between the second continuous driving time and the maximum continuous driving time.

[0059] In a specific embodiment, multiple sets of the second duration and the maximum continuous driving time data corresponding to the second duration can be obtained in advance through experimental testing, and a mathematical model for calculating the maximum continuous driving time can be fitted according to the multiple sets of data, and then the maximum continuous driving time can be calculated based on the obtained second continuous driving time through the mathematical model.

[0060] S4. Determine whether the first continuous driving time is greater than the maximum continuous driving time. If so, send a fatigue driving warning instruction to control the vehicle to execute fatigue driving warning.

[0061] When the first continuous driving time is greater than the maximum continuous driving time, it indicates that the driver is fatigued and needs to rest, so a fatigue driving warning instruction is generated to control the vehicle to execute the fatigue driving warning.

[0062] In a specific embodiment, the method further comprises:

[0063] S5. Obtain the current driving state information of the driver, the cumulative driving time of the driver under each complexity level of the road condition, and the time weight corresponding to each complexity level.

[0064] Specifically, the driver's driving state information includes the driver's physiological characteristic information within a preset time period, wherein the physiological characteristic information includes the driver's blinking times, head dropping times, eye closure degree, etc. within the preset time period, and of course, may also include the driver's heart rate, brain waves and other parameters. Specifically, the driver's cumulative driving time under each level of complexity and the time weight corresponding to each preset level of complexity are obtained. For example, the driver's cumulative driving time under high, medium and low levels of complexity are T1, T2 and T3 respectively, and the time weights corresponding to the complexity levels of "high", "medium" and "low" are a1, a2 and a3.

[0065] S6. Determine a first fatigue level of the driver according to the driver status information, the accumulated driving time and the time weight.

[0066] Specifically, a second fatigue level is determined from several fatigue levels based on the driver status information, the driver's analysis time is calculated based on the cumulative driving time under each of the complexity levels of road conditions and the time weight corresponding to the complexity level, a third fatigue level is determined from several preset fatigue levels based on the analysis time, and the first fatigue level is determined based on the second fatigue level and the third fatigue level.

[0067] In a specific implementation, if the driver's cumulative driving time under road conditions with high, medium and low complexity levels are T1, T2 and T3 respectively, and the time weights corresponding to the complexity levels of "high", "medium" and "low" are a1, a2 and a3, then the time T to be analyzed is: T = T1*a1+T2*a2+T3*a3.

[0068] In a specific implementation, if the second fatigue level is higher than the third fatigue level, the second fatigue level is determined as the first fatigue level; if the second fatigue level is lower than the third fatigue level, the third fatigue level is determined as the first fatigue level.

[0069] In a specific embodiment, if several preset fatigue levels are represented by numerical values, and the larger the numerical value is, the more fatigued one is, then a corresponding weight is pre-assigned to each preset fatigue level, the weight corresponding to the first fatigue level is determined to obtain the first weight, the weight corresponding to the second fatigue level is determined to obtain the second weight, and the third fatigue level is calculated based on the first fatigue level, the first weight, the second fatigue level, and the second weight. If the third fatigue level calculated by the calculation method is not suitable for the preset fatigue level, the third fatigue level is corrected to be greater than the minimum value in the calculated value. For example, the preset 5 fatigue levels are represented by 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. If the calculated value of the third fatigue level is 3.4, then from the fatigue levels 4 and 5 that are greater than 3.4, the smallest 4 is selected, and the third fatigue level is corrected to 4.

[0070] S7. Adjust the maximum continuous driving time according to the first fatigue level.

[0071] Specifically, when the first duration does not reach the maximum continuous running time, if the third fatigue level is greater than the first preset fatigue level, the maximum continuous running time is reduced.

[0072] Specifically, when the first duration does not reach the maximum continuous running time, if the third fatigue level is less than the second preset fatigue level, the maximum continuous running time is increased.

[0073] As the driver's mental state gradually deteriorates, his judgment and ability to respond to road conditions will gradually weaken, but the driver's mental state has not reached the level where he needs rest to recover. Therefore, the vehicle's straight-ahead safety mechanism is controlled according to the first fatigue level in order to provide a certain degree of protection for the driver's safety in this process. Because the driver's mental state is different, the longer his reaction time to take over emergency road conditions is required. Therefore, the vehicle's upper speed limit or distance between vehicles can be controlled to provide the driver with a takeover time that is consistent with his fatigue state.

[0074] The fatigue driving warning method based on road condition level of the embodiment of the present invention determines the first complexity level corresponding to the road condition on which the vehicle is currently traveling and the driver's continuous driving time at the first complexity level, obtains the second complexity level and the driver's continuous driving time at the second complexity level according to the first complexity level, and when the second complexity level is greater than the first complexity level, determines the driver's maximum continuous driving time at the first complexity level according to the second continuous driving time, and if the first continuous driving time is greater than the maximum continuous driving time, generates a fatigue driving warning instruction to control the vehicle to perform fatigue warning driving. This method takes into account the impact of the driver's energy consumption on the maximum continuous driving time under different road conditions, and can adjust the maximum continuous driving time used to trigger the execution of fatigue driving warning when the road condition changes from complex to relatively simple, and promptly reminds the driver to rest or take corresponding safety measures.

[0075] Based on the first embodiment of the present invention, the second embodiment of the present invention provides a fatigue driving warning system based on the complexity level of road conditions, including a first complexity level determination unit, a first continuous driving time acquisition unit, a second complexity level determination unit, a second continuous driving time acquisition unit, a maximum duration determination unit, and a fatigue driving warning determination unit, wherein the first complexity level determination unit is used to determine a first complexity level corresponding to a first road condition on which the vehicle is currently traveling; the first continuous driving time acquisition unit is used to acquire a first continuous driving time of the driver under the first complexity level of the road condition; the second complexity level determination unit is used to determine a second road condition on which the vehicle is currently traveling and a second complexity level corresponding to the second road condition based on the first road condition and the first complexity level, wherein the second road condition The second complexity level corresponding to the second road condition is different from the first complexity level during vehicle driving; the second continuous driving time acquisition unit is used to obtain the second continuous driving time of the driver under the road condition of the second complexity level; the maximum duration determination unit is used to determine whether the second complexity level is higher than the first complexity level, and if so, determine the maximum continuous driving time of the driver under the road condition of the first complexity level according to the second continuous driving time; the fatigue driving warning determination unit is used to determine whether the first duration is greater than the maximum continuous driving time, and if so, send a fatigue driving warning instruction to control the execution of the fatigue driving warning.

[0076] In a specific embodiment, the system also includes an information acquisition unit, a first fatigue level determination unit and a maximum sustainable driving time adjustment unit, wherein the information acquisition unit is used to obtain the driver's current driving status information, the driver's cumulative driving time under each complexity level of road conditions and the time weight corresponding to each complexity level; the first fatigue level determination unit is used to determine the driver's first fatigue level based on the driver's status information, the cumulative driving time and the time weight; the maximum sustainable driving time adjustment unit is used to adjust the maximum continuous driving time according to the first fatigue level.

[0077] In a specific embodiment, the maximum sustainable driving time adjustment unit is used to determine whether the first continuous driving time is less than the maximum continuous driving time. If so, determine whether the first fatigue level is greater than a first preset fatigue level. If so, reduce the maximum continuous driving time.

[0078] In a specific embodiment, the maximum sustainable driving time adjustment unit determines whether the first continuous driving time is less than the maximum continuous driving time. If so, it determines whether the first fatigue level is less than a second preset fatigue level. If so, it increases the maximum continuous driving time.

[0079] Based on the first embodiment of the present invention, the third embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the aforementioned method are implemented.

[0080] For the working principle of this embodiment and the beneficial effects it brings, please refer to the description of the first embodiment of the present invention, which will not be repeated here.

[0081] The above disclosure is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fatigue driving warning method based on the complexity level of road conditions, characterized in that: include: Determine a first complexity level corresponding to a first road condition on which the vehicle is currently traveling, and obtain a first continuous driving time of the driver under the road condition of the first complexity level; Determining a second road condition on which the vehicle has traveled and a second complexity level corresponding to the second road condition according to the first road condition and the first complexity level, and obtaining a second continuous driving time of the driver in the road condition of the second complexity level, wherein the second road condition is the road condition that is closest to the first road condition in the order of the road conditions experienced by the vehicle during the driving process of the vehicle, and the second complexity level corresponding to the second road condition is different from the first complexity level; determining whether the second complexity level is higher than the first complexity level, and if so, determining a maximum continuous driving time of the driver under the road condition of the first complexity level according to the second continuous driving time; It is determined whether the first continuous driving time is greater than the maximum continuous driving time. If so, a fatigue driving warning instruction is generated to control the vehicle to execute a fatigue driving warning.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: Obtaining the driver's current driving state information, the driver's cumulative driving time under each level of complexity of the road condition, and the time weight corresponding to each level of complexity; determining a first fatigue level of the driver according to the driver state information, the accumulated driving time and the time weight; The maximum continuous driving time is adjusted according to the first fatigue level.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The adjusting the maximum continuous driving time according to the first fatigue level specifically includes: Determine whether the first continuous driving time is less than the maximum continuous driving time. If so, determine whether the first fatigue level is greater than a first preset fatigue level. If so, reduce the maximum continuous driving time and update the maximum continuous driving time.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjusting the maximum continuous driving time according to the first fatigue level specifically includes: Determine whether the first continuous driving time is less than the maximum continuous driving time. If so, determine whether the first fatigue level is less than a second preset fatigue level. If so, increase the maximum continuous driving time and update the maximum continuous driving time.

5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: Determining the first fatigue level of the driver according to the driver state information, the accumulated driving time and the time weight specifically includes: determining a second fatigue level of the driver according to the current driving state information of the driver; determining a third fatigue level of the driver according to the accumulated driving time and the time weight; The first fatigue level is determined based on the second fatigue level and the third fatigue level.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that Determining the first fatigue level according to the second fatigue level and the third fatigue level specifically includes: If the second fatigue level is higher than the third fatigue level, determining the second fatigue level to be the first fatigue level; If the second fatigue level is lower than the third fatigue level, the third fatigue level is determined to be the first fatigue level.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The determining of the first complexity level corresponding to the first road condition currently traveled by the vehicle specifically includes: Collecting the vehicle operation frequency of the driver in a preset time period of the first road condition currently being driven and the maximum vibration amplitude and vibration frequency of the vehicle in the preset time period; A first complexity level corresponding to a first road condition in which the vehicle is currently traveling is determined according to the vehicle operating frequency, the maximum vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency.

8. A fatigue driving warning system based on road condition level, characterized in that: include: A first complexity level determining unit, used to determine a first complexity level corresponding to a first road condition currently traveled by the vehicle; a first continuous driving time acquisition unit, used for acquiring a first continuous driving time of the driver under the road condition of the first complexity level; a second complexity level determining unit, configured to determine a second road condition on which the vehicle is traveling and a second complexity level corresponding to the second road condition according to the first road condition and the first complexity level, wherein the second road condition is a road condition that is closest to the first road condition in the order in which the vehicle has traveled during the driving process, and the second complexity level corresponding to the second road condition is different from the first complexity level; a second continuous driving time acquisition unit, used for acquiring a second continuous driving time of the driver under the road condition of the second complexity level; a maximum duration determination unit, configured to determine whether the second complexity level is higher than the first complexity level, and if so, determine a maximum continuous driving time of the driver on the road condition of the first complexity level according to the second continuous driving time; The fatigue driving warning determination unit is used to determine whether the first continuous driving time is greater than the maximum continuous driving time. If so, a fatigue driving warning instruction is generated to control the vehicle to execute the fatigue driving warning.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that The system further comprises: An information acquisition unit, used to acquire the driver's current driving state information, the driver's cumulative driving time under each complexity level of road conditions, and the time weight corresponding to each complexity level; a first fatigue level determination unit, configured to determine a first fatigue level of the driver according to the driver state information, the accumulated driving time and the time weight; A maximum sustainable driving time adjustment unit is used to adjust the maximum sustainable driving time according to the first fatigue level.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: A computer program is stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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