The invention discloses an
underwater collaborative navigation positioning method based on
inertia / ultra-short baseline alternative navigation. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing a navigator motion model; a navigator carries out calculation navigation by using INS, and when the navigator does not receive a prior
topographic map, INS / DVL integrated navigation is carried out by using Kalman filtering. When a navigator receives a prior
topographic map, INS / DVL / TAN integrated navigation is carried out by using Kalman filtering. And then establishing a follower collaborative
navigation model. Then, the navigator carries out
distance measurement and angle measurement on the follower through the ultra-short
base line, position information, slant distance information and
azimuth angle information of the follower are sent to the follower at
fixed time intervals, and the follower carries out tight combination based on Kalman filtering through the information; and finally, when the USBL carries out
distance measurement and angle measurement, the single navigator carries out tight combination positioning on the follower. When the USBL only carries out
distance measurement, simultaneous navigation is set to be alternate navigation, namely, the navigator 1 broadcasts own position and distance information at the moment, and the navigator 2 broadcasts own position and distance information at the next moment.