A hydrogel sweat cooling system

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of hydrogel perspiration cooling system.The present application is provided with porous wall surface, support, hydrogel coolant and water supply mechanism;Porous wall surface and support form the cavity mechanism for placing hydrogel coolant;Water supply mechanism is used to provide expansion water source for hydrogel coolant.When temperature rises, hydrogel coolant loses water by heat, while heat transfer by convection in the cavity mechanism, perspiration cooling gas film is exuded from the hole on the porous wall surface, to reduce temperature while blocking the heat transfer of high-temperature airflow to the wall surface, to achieve the effect of efficient and stable cooling.And, hydrogel coolant can absorb moisture from water supply mechanism in real time, to achieve the effect of continuous cooling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-temperature wall thermal protection technology, and in particular to a hydrogel sweating cooling system for hypersonic vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Advanced spacecraft, during high-speed flight, such as Figure 2 As shown, the outer shell is heated by aerodynamics, and the engine interior is heated by combustion gases, with temperatures exceeding 3000K. Localized shock wave disturbances and uneven heat flow further exacerbate the harsh thermal environment of the aircraft. With the development goals of high thrust, high Mach, and long endurance, thermal protection has become a key challenge restricting the development of high-speed aircraft. Traditional passive thermal protection relies on material heat sinks, ablation insulation, or high-temperature resistant insulation, increasing the aircraft's structural volume and altering its aerodynamic shape as heating progresses. Commonly used active regenerative cooling utilizes fluid convection heat transfer to cool high-temperature components, but this system is complex and has limited convective heat transfer efficiency. Traditional phase change evaporation cooling is prone to problems such as vapor blockage and temperature oscillations due to the instability of liquid phase changes, and is difficult to adjust when the flight attitude changes. Therefore, to address the thermal protection issues of hypersonic aircraft, more durable, efficient, and stable cooling methods are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology, the present invention provides a hydrogel sweating cooling system.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0005] A hydrogel sweating cooling system includes: a porous wall, a support, a hydrogel coolant, and a water supply mechanism;

[0006] The porous wall and the support form a cavity for holding the hydrogel coolant; the water supply mechanism is used to provide an expansion water source for the hydrogel coolant.

[0007] Preferably, the porous wall surface is made of a high-temperature resistant material.

[0008] Preferably, the porous wall surface is provided with a microrib structure; the microrib structure is bonded to the hydrogel coolant.

[0009] Preferably, the support body is connected to the porous wall surface by mechanical pressing or adhesive bonding.

[0010] Preferably, the water supply mechanism includes: a valve, a pressure pump, and a water tank;

[0011] The cavity mechanism is provided with a water inlet; the water inlet is connected to the water tank through a pipeline; a pressure pump and a valve are provided on the pipeline.

[0012] Preferably, the water supply mechanism comprises: an air source and a water tank.

[0013] The water cavity mechanism is provided with a water injection port; the water injection port is connected with the water tank through a pipeline; and the air source is connected with the water tank through a pipeline.

[0014] Preferably, the water supply mechanism comprises: a porous bottom plate.

[0015] The porous bottom plate is arranged in the water cavity mechanism, and the hydrogel coolant is arranged between the porous bottom plate and the porous wall surface; the porous bottom plate and the support body form a water cavity for containing liquid water; the bottom surface of the support body is provided with a water injection port; the water injection port is communicated with the water cavity; and the bottom surface of the support body is a surface opposite to the porous bottom plate.

[0016] Preferably, the water supply mechanism further comprises: a gasket.

[0017] One end of the gasket is attached to the bottom surface of the support body, and the other end of the gasket is attached to the porous wall surface; and the two ends of the porous bottom plate are arranged in the gasket.

[0018] Alternatively, one end of the gasket is attached to the bottom surface of the support body, and the other end of the gasket is attached to the porous bottom plate.

[0019] Preferably, the side wall of the support body is provided with an opening; and the side wall of the support body is a surface in contact with the porous wall surface.

[0020] According to the specific embodiments of the present application, the following technical effects are achieved:

[0021] The water gel sweating cooling system provided by the present application is provided with a porous wall surface, a support body, a hydrogel coolant and a water supply mechanism; the porous wall surface and the support body form a water cavity mechanism for placing the hydrogel coolant; and the water supply mechanism is used for providing the hydrogel coolant with an expansion water source. When the temperature rises, the hydrogel coolant loses water due to heat, and the water vapor convectively exchanges heat in the water cavity mechanism while seeping out of the pores on the porous wall surface to form a sweating gas film, so as to block the heat transfer of the high-temperature gas flow to the wall surface while reducing the temperature, thereby achieving the effect of efficient and stable cooling. Moreover, the hydrogel coolant can absorb water in real time from the water supply mechanism, so as to achieve the effect of continuous cooling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to make the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art clearer, the accompanying drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description only need to be some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 Structure diagram of the water gel perspiration cooling system provided by the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 Thermal receiving diagram of the hypersonic vehicle shell and engine provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 Structure diagram of the water gel perspiration cooling system provided by the embodiment of the present application in the pressure water supply mode;

[0026] Figure 4 Structure diagram of another water gel perspiration cooling system provided by the embodiment of the present application in the pressure water supply mode;

[0027] Figure 5 Structure diagram of the water gel perspiration cooling system provided by the embodiment of the present application in the natural water absorption mode;

[0028] Figure 6 Structure diagram of the water gel perspiration cooling system provided by the embodiment of the present application in the natural water absorption mode;

[0029] Figure 7 Cooling principle diagram of the water gel perspiration cooling system provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Symbol explanation:

[0031] 1-porous wall surface, 2-water gel coolant, 3-supporting body, 4-pipeline, 5-valve, 6-pressure pump, 7-water tank, 8-liquid water, 9-micro-rib structure, 10-porous bottom plate, 11-gasket, 12-opening, 13-water inlet, 14-water cavity, 15-air source. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0033] The application aims to provide a hydrogel sweating cooling system with specific characteristics such as long-lasting cooling, efficient cooling, and stable cooling.

[0034] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the application more obvious and easy to understand, the application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] As shown in the drawings, Figure 1 The hydrogel sweating cooling system provided by the application comprises a porous wall surface 1, a support body 3, a hydrogel coolant 2, and a water supply mechanism. The porous wall surface 1 and the support body 3 form a cavity mechanism for placing the hydrogel coolant 2. The water supply mechanism is used to provide the hydrogel coolant 2 with a source of swelling water. For example, the support body 3 and the porous wall surface 1 are connected and fixed by mechanical pressing or adhesion to form the cavity mechanism. The support body 3 is made of high-temperature-resistant metal or ceramic materials to play the role of support, separation, fixation, etc. The hydrogel sweating cooling system can be used for Figure 2 high-supersonic aircraft outer shells, engine inner walls, and other heated components. The porous wall surface 1 in the system is used as a heated wall surface, and the support body 3 is mechanically connected or welded with the aircraft.

[0036] The porous wall surface 1 is made of high-temperature-resistant metal particles, carbon-based ceramics, silicon-based ceramics, ceramic matrix composites, or other high-temperature-resistant materials and is processed by high-temperature sintering, 3D printing, vapor deposition, etc. In order to increase the heat conduction capacity, a micro-rib structure 9 is also arranged on the lower surface of the porous wall surface 1 in contact with the hydrogel coolant 2. In addition, the porous wall surface 1 can be designed into different shapes according to the needs of different heated components, and the hydrogel coolant 2 is filled in the inside, swells tightly against the porous wall surface 1, and can ensure normal thermal protection under different structures and different heat flows.

[0037] In order to improve the water absorption and release capacity of the hydrogel coolant 2, the hydrogel coolant 2 used in the application is formed by absorbing water from high-water-absorption polymers such as polyacrylamide, anhydrous metal salts, and metal organic frameworks, etc. It has the characteristics of high water absorption, difficulty in losing water under pressure, and releasing water at a specific temperature.

[0038] The water absorption method of the hydrogel coolant 2 provided above will be described below based on different structures of the water supply mechanism.

[0039] When the hydrogel coolant 2 uses pressure driving as the water supply method, the following implementation method is set:

[0040] Example One

[0041] As shown in the drawings, Figure 3 The water supply mechanism in this example one comprises a valve 5, a pressure pump 6, and a water tank 7.

[0042] A water inlet is provided on the cavity mechanism. The water inlet is connected to the water tank 7 via a pipe 4. A pressure pump 6 and a valve 5 are installed on the pipe 4. Based on this structure, the pressure of the water supplied in the pipe 4 is controlled by the water pump and the valve 5, so that water can be continuously supplied to the cavity mechanism for absorption by the hydrogel coolant 2.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] like Figure 4 As shown, the water supply mechanism in this second embodiment includes: a gas source 15 and a water tank 7.

[0045] A water inlet is provided on the cavity mechanism. The water inlet is connected to the water tank 7 via pipe 4. The air source 15 is connected to the water tank 7 via pipe 4. Based on this structure, the hydrogel coolant 2 is connected to the water tank 7 via pipe 4, and the water tank 7 is pressurized by the air source 15 to maintain a certain pressure for water supply.

[0046] When the hydrogel coolant 2 is replenished by natural water absorption, the following implementation method is set up:

[0047] Example 3

[0048] The water supply system includes: water tank 7.

[0049] The hydrogel coolant 2 is connected to the water tank 7 via pipe 4. Water transport and cooling are achieved by the natural suction of water after the hydrogel coolant 2 loses water. At this time, no pressure pump or air source is set up to provide water injection power.

[0050] Example 4

[0051] like Figure 5 As shown, the water supply mechanism includes: a perforated base plate 10.

[0052] A porous base plate 10 is disposed within the cavity mechanism, and the hydrogel coolant 2 is placed between the porous base plate 10 and the porous wall surface 1. The porous base plate 10 and the support body 3 form a water cavity 14 for containing liquid water 8. A water inlet is provided on the bottom surface of the support body 3. The water inlet communicates with the water cavity 14. The bottom surface of the support body 3 is the surface opposite to the porous base plate 10.

[0053] Based on this structure, the hydrogel coolant 2 naturally draws water from the pores of the porous base plate 10.

[0054] Furthermore, a gasket 11 may also be provided in the water supply mechanism of this embodiment.

[0055] Different shapes of the porous wall 1 will result in different placement of the gasket 11, such as... Figure 5 As shown, when the porous wall surface 1 is flat, one end of the gasket 11 is attached to the bottom surface of the support 3, and the other end of the gasket 11 is attached to the porous wall surface 1. Both ends of the porous base plate 10 are placed within the gasket 11.Figure 6 As shown, when the porous wall 1 is curved, one end of the gasket 11 is attached to the bottom surface of the support 3, and the other end of the gasket 11 is attached to the porous base plate 10.

[0056] In this embodiment, the gasket 11 may be formed of materials such as graphite, silicone, or polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0057] In addition, to prevent flow interruption, fibrous material can be filled into the water cavity 14 formed by the porous base plate 10 and the support 3 to contain liquid water 8, so as to provide capillary force.

[0058] Based on the above description, the working principle provided by this invention is as follows:

[0059] Before the sweating cooling begins, the hydrogel coolant 2 expands under pressure or by natural suction to block the porous wall 1, preventing leakage of the hydrogel coolant 2.

[0060] When subjected to external heat flow, such as Figure 7 As shown, the hydrogel coolant 2 undergoes a water loss phase change, absorbing a large amount of heat. Subsequently, vapor permeates from the porous wall 1, forming a gas film on the outer side of the wall. This thickens the temperature boundary layer, reducing heat transfer from the high-temperature airflow to the interior of the structure, thus achieving a thermal protection effect through sweating cooling. After losing water, the hydrogel coolant 2 shrinks in volume, reducing the internal pressure. Under natural water absorption or pressure-driven conditions, liquid water 8 enters the hydrogel coolant 2 through the water inlet 13 to replenish it, ensuring that the hydrogel coolant 2 always fills the cavity and adheres tightly to the porous wall 1 for efficient, continuous, and stable cooling. As the heat flux density increases, the water loss phase change rate of the hydrogel coolant 2 increases, and the corresponding water absorption rate also increases, enabling automatic flow rate adjustment.

[0061] After heating is completed, the hydrogel coolant 2 no longer loses water, absorbs water and expands to block the porous wall 1, the hydrogel coolant 2 stops seeping out, and the sweating cooling automatically stops. It does not require precise control of start-up, shutdown and flow rate, and has the characteristics of simple structure and high reliability.

[0062] Based on the above description, the hydrogel sweating cooling system provided by the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0063] 1. This invention combines hydrogel coolant and porous materials to provide thermal protection for high-temperature walls through the water loss and sweating cooling of the hydrogel coolant. The hydrogel coolant first loses water and then undergoes a phase change, absorbing a large amount of heat. The hydrogel coolant has a large heat sink, high cooling efficiency, and low demand for hydrogel coolant.

[0064] 2. In this invention, water vapor seeps out from the porous wall surface, forming a gas film on the high-temperature wall surface, thickening the temperature boundary layer, reducing the heat transfer from the high-temperature airflow to the wall surface, and further reducing the cooling requirements.

[0065] 3. In this invention, before and after heating begins, the hydrogel coolant remains in a water-absorbing and expanded state, the upper porous wall remains blocked, and the hydrogel coolant is sealed below. Only when subjected to heat flow does the hydrogel coolant lose water, and the hydrogel coolant cools through sweating through the pores. It has the characteristics of automatic start and stop, requiring no control and avoiding leakage of the hydrogel coolant.

[0066] 4. In this invention, the rate of water loss and phase change of the hydrogel coolant varies with the external heat flux density, realizing the adaptive adjustment of cooling flow rate to heat flux density, eliminating the need for a precise control system and improving system stability.

[0067] 5. In this invention, the hydrogel coolant loses water and changes phase to vapor below the pores before it can seep out through the pores. The internal phase change temperature is maintained, while the temperature of the external porous material is higher than the phase change point of water. This utilizes the heat resistance of the material to further reduce heat flow.

[0068] 6. In this invention, the hydrogel coolant can be replenished with water, always keeping the hydrogel coolant cavity full, and does not flow with changes in the flight attitude of the aircraft. It is suitable for various maneuvering flight processes and can achieve stable and continuous thermal protection.

[0069] 7. In this invention, the hydrogel coolant loses water and evaporates faster in areas with higher heat flux density, avoiding the problem of steam blockage in high heat flux areas in traditional phase change sweating cooling, and has a strong ability to cope with non-uniform heat flux.

[0070] Furthermore, to improve the applicability of the aforementioned hydrogel sweating cooling system, openings 12 are provided on the side wall of the support 3 to facilitate connection with nearby modules. The side wall of the support 3 is the surface that contacts the porous wall 1.

[0071] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0072] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogel sweat cooling system characterized by, The application relates to a porous wall surface, a supporting body, a hydrogel coolant and a water supply mechanism. The porous wall surface and the supporting body form a cavity mechanism for placing the hydrogel coolant. The water supply mechanism is used for providing the hydrogel coolant with a water source for expansion. The water supply mechanism comprises a porous bottom plate. The porous bottom plate is arranged in the cavity mechanism, and the hydrogel coolant is arranged between the porous bottom plate and the porous wall surface; the porous bottom plate and the supporting body form a water cavity for containing liquid water. The hydrogel coolant naturally sucks water from the pores of the porous bottom plate. The porous wall surface is provided with a micro-rib structure which is attached to the hydrogel coolant. The preparation material of the porous wall surface is a high-temperature-resistant material.

2. The hydrogel sweat cooling system of claim 1, wherein, The supporting body and the porous wall surface are connected by mechanical pressing or adhesive bonding.

3. The hydrogel sweat cooling system of claim 1, wherein, The water supply mechanism comprises a valve, a pressure pump and a water tank.

4. The hydrogel sweat cooling system of claim 1, wherein, The cavity mechanism is provided with a water injection port; the water injection port is connected with the water tank through a pipeline; the pipeline is provided with a pressure pump and a valve. The water supply mechanism comprises an air source and a water tank.

5. The hydrogel sweat cooling system of claim 1, wherein, The cavity mechanism is provided with a water injection port; the water injection port is connected with the water tank through a pipeline; the air source is connected with the water tank through a pipeline. The bottom surface of the supporting body is provided with a water injection port; the water injection port is communicated with the water cavity; the bottom surface of the supporting body is opposite to the porous bottom plate.

6. The hydrogel sweat cooling system of claim 1, wherein, The water supply mechanism further comprises a gasket.

7. The hydrogel sweat cooling system of claim 6, wherein, One end of the gasket is attached to the bottom surface of the supporting body, and the other end of the gasket is attached to the porous wall surface; both ends of the porous bottom plate are arranged in the gasket. Or, one end of the gasket is attached to the bottom surface of the supporting body, and the other end of the gasket is attached to the porous bottom plate. The side wall of the supporting body is provided with an opening; the side wall of the supporting body is the surface which is contacted with the porous wall surface.

8. The hydrogel sweat cooling system of claim 1, wherein, ​

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