A displacement sensor and magnetic levitation system

Abstract

This application provides a displacement sensor and a magnetic levitation system. The magnetic levitation system includes a magnetic levitation bearing and a displacement sensor. The displacement sensor includes: a first magnetic source mounted on the rotor shaft of the magnetic levitation bearing, used to generate a magnetic field; a substrate fixedly disposed at a distance from the first magnetic source, with a central hole for the rotor shaft to pass through; and a Hall array including multiple Hall chips, each attached to and electrically connected to the substrate. The Hall chips are distributed around the central hole, and each Hall chip can detect the magnetic flux density at its respective location to obtain position information of the first magnetic source and the rotor shaft. Compared to traditional magnetic levitation bearings, this application uses fewer displacement sensors, thus reducing the installation space occupied by the displacement sensors. It is also suitable for applications where the rotor shaft is extended.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of magnetic levitation equipment technology, and more specifically, relates to a displacement sensor and a magnetic levitation system. Background Technology

[0002] Magnetic levitation bearings use electromagnetic force to levitate the rotor above the center of the stator assembly, ensuring that the rotor does not contact the stator assembly and there is no friction when the rotor rotates at high speed. To maintain rotor levitation, the position of the levitated rotor needs to be detected and adjusted in real time. Magnetic levitation bearings require high-precision, fast-response displacement sensors to measure rotor displacement in real time.

[0003] Most existing magnetic levitation bearings use multiple eddy current, inductive, and capacitive displacement sensors. These displacement sensors are expensive and have slow response speeds. In addition, using multiple displacement sensors simultaneously will greatly increase the size of the entire magnetic levitation bearing and increase the difficulty of design and assembly. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a displacement sensor and a magnetic levitation system to solve the technical problem of large displacement sensor size in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application embodiment is: to provide a displacement sensor, including:

[0006] A first magnetic source is used to be installed on a moving body and is used to generate a magnetic field.

[0007] A substrate is fixedly disposed and spaced apart from the first magnetic source. A central hole is provided on the substrate for the movable body to pass through.

[0008] The Hall array includes multiple Hall chips, which are respectively attached to the substrate and electrically connected to the substrate. The multiple Hall chips are distributed around the central hole, and each Hall chip can detect the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field at its respective location to obtain the position information of the first magnetic source and the moving body.

[0009] In one possible design, multiple Hall chips are arranged in a ring and uniformly distributed on the radial outer side of the first magnetic source to form the Hall array;

[0010] Alternatively, multiple Hall chips and the first magnetic source may be arranged axially spaced along the central hole and surround each other to form the Hall array.

[0011] In one possible design, all the Hall chips are oriented in the same direction;

[0012] Alternatively, the orientation of each Hall chip may not be exactly the same.

[0013] In one possible design, the orientation of the Hall chip has a first angle with the axial direction of the central hole, the first angle being in the range of -90° to 90°.

[0014] In one possible design, the substrate has at least one mounting surface, and a plurality of Hall chips are respectively mounted on at least one mounting surface, with each Hall chip on each mounting surface arranged in an array.

[0015] In one possible design, the first magnetic source is an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.

[0016] In one possible design, the first magnetic source includes a first permanent magnet;

[0017] Alternatively, the first magnetic source includes a first bushing for being fitted onto the movable body and multiple second permanent magnets, with the multiple second permanent magnets respectively surrounding the outer or inner peripheral wall of the first bushing.

[0018] Alternatively, the first magnetic source includes a second bushing for fitting onto the movable body and a plurality of third permanent magnets, the plurality of third permanent magnets being respectively arranged around the side of the second bushing facing the substrate.

[0019] In one possible design, at least one side of the first magnetic source is provided with a magnetic conductor made of a magnetically conductive material.

[0020] In one possible design, magnetic conductors are provided at both ends of the first magnetic source along its axial direction;

[0021] Alternatively, a magnetic conductor may be provided on the inner side of the first magnetic source;

[0022] Alternatively, a magnetic conductor may be provided on the outside of the first magnetic source;

[0023] Alternatively, magnetic conductors are provided at both ends of the first magnetic source and on its inner side;

[0024] Alternatively, magnetic conductors may be provided at both ends of the first magnetic source and on its outer side;

[0025] Alternatively, a magnetic conductor may be provided at one axial end of the first magnetic source.

[0026] In one possible design, the surface of the magnetic conductor is either flat or curved.

[0027] In one possible design, the number of the first magnetic sources is one;

[0028] Alternatively, there may be two first magnetic sources, with the substrate located between the two first magnetic sources, or the two first magnetic sources may be located on the same side of the substrate.

[0029] The advantages of the displacement sensor provided in this application are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the displacement sensor in this embodiment, through the arrangement of a first magnetic source, a substrate, and a Hall array, allows the first magnetic source to be mounted on the moving body and generate a magnetic field. The Hall array includes multiple Hall chips respectively mounted on the substrate, each Hall chip capable of detecting the magnetic flux density at its respective location. Since the magnitude of the magnetic flux density detected by each Hall chip in the Hall array is related to the relative distance between the Hall chip and the first magnetic source, the relative position of the first magnetic source relative to the Hall array can be obtained by analyzing the magnetic flux density detected by each Hall chip. Since the first magnetic source is fixed to the rotor shaft, the position information of the rotor shaft can be obtained by analyzing the magnetic flux density detected by each Hall chip. In this embodiment, the displacement of the rotor in the magnetic levitation bearing can be measured using a single displacement sensor made using the Hall principle. Compared with traditional magnetic levitation bearings, fewer displacement sensors are used, and the installation space occupied by the displacement sensors is also reduced, resulting in a simpler overall structure, smaller overall size, and lower cost for the magnetic levitation bearing. Meanwhile, by setting a central hole on the substrate, which is used for the moving body (rotor shaft) to pass through and to reduce weight, and distributing multiple Hall chips around the central hole, the rotor shaft of the magnetic levitation bearing can be installed through the central hole when it is necessary to connect the rotor shaft of the magnetic levitation bearing through the substrate to other structures. Compared with the traditional setting where the rotor shaft can only be installed on one side of the substrate, this setting is also applicable to various occasions where the rotor shaft is led out, thus making the displacement sensor more versatile, more universal, and lighter.

[0030] On the other hand, this application also provides a magnetic levitation system, including a magnetic levitation bearing, the magnetic levitation system further including the aforementioned displacement sensor, the magnetic levitation bearing including a stator assembly and a rotor, and the first magnetic source being mounted on the rotor shaft of the rotor.

[0031] In one possible design, the magnetic levitation system further includes a magnetic coupling structure comprising an active component and a driven component. The active component is fixedly disposed, and the driven component is disposed radially inside the active component or surrounding the active component radially outside the active component. The driven component is fixedly connected to the rotor shaft, and the active component is used to generate a magnetic field to drive the driven component and the rotor shaft to rotate.

[0032] In one possible design, the active component includes an active part, a third magnetic source, and a first magnetic ring; the driven component includes a driven part, a second magnetic ring, and coupling blocks. The active part is annular, and the driven part is located radially inside or surrounding the active part radially outside, with an air gap between them. The third magnetic sources are sequentially spaced and embedded on the active part along the circumferential direction, and the first magnetic ring surrounds the side of the active part facing away from the driven part. The coupling blocks are sequentially spaced and embedded on the driven part along the circumferential direction, with each coupling block corresponding to each of the third magnetic sources, and each coupling block facing the third magnetic source. The second magnetic ring surrounds the side of the driven part facing away from the active part.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the magnetic levitation system provided in this application are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the magnetic levitation system of this application embodiment, through the setting of the above-mentioned displacement sensor, can not only accurately measure the position of the rotor, but also occupy a small space, making the entire magnetic levitation system occupy a small space and be lighter. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an assembly of a displacement sensor and a rotor shaft provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 2 This is another three-dimensional view of the assembly of the displacement sensor and the rotor shaft provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a displacement sensor provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 4 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a displacement sensor provided in an embodiment of this application, comprising two first magnetic sources;

[0039] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of one orientation distribution of a Hall effect chip;

[0040] Figure 6 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing another orientation distribution of the Hall effect chip;

[0041] Figure 7 for Figure 3A schematic diagram of the first installation method for the Hall effect chip;

[0042] Figure 8 for Figure 3 A second installation diagram of the Hall effect chip;

[0043] Figure 9 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the third type of installation of the Hall effect chip;

[0044] Figure 10 for Figure 3 The fourth installation diagram of the Hall effect chip;

[0045] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in this application embodiment where magnetic conductors are installed at both ends of the first permanent magnet;

[0046] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in this application embodiment where magnetic conductors are provided at both ends of the second permanent magnet;

[0047] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which a magnetic conductor is disposed on the inner side of the second permanent magnet in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 14 for Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the installation of the first magnetic source, substrate, Hall chip and rotor shaft;

[0049] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in this application where the surfaces of the magnetic conductors at both ends of the second permanent magnet are curved.

[0050] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of another structure in which the surfaces of the magnetic conductors at both ends of the second permanent magnet in this embodiment are curved.

[0051] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in an embodiment of the present application where a magnetic conductor is provided on the outer side of the second permanent magnet;

[0052] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second permanent magnet in this embodiment, where magnetic conductors are provided at both ends and on the outside.

[0053] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in the embodiment of this application, in which magnetic conductors are provided on the outer side of the second permanent magnet;

[0054] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the third permanent magnet in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 21 for Figure 20 A schematic diagram of the installation of the third permanent magnet, substrate, Hall chip and rotor shaft;

[0056] Figure 22 for Figure 20 A schematic diagram of a structure in which a magnetic conductor is installed on one side of the third permanent magnet;

[0057] Figure 23 A schematic diagram of the structure of the displacement sensor provided in the embodiments of this application, including two types of first magnetic sources: a second permanent magnet and a third permanent magnet;

[0058] Figure 24 A schematic diagram of the structure of the displacement sensor provided in the embodiments of this application, including two sets of third permanent magnets;

[0059] Figure 25 A schematic diagram of the structure of the displacement sensor provided in the embodiments of this application, including two sets of second permanent magnets;

[0060] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the magnetic levitation system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0061] Figure 27 for Figure 26 Schematic diagram of the magnetic coupling structure;

[0062] Figure 28 for Figure 27 Schematic diagram of the medium magnetic field flow channel.

[0063] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0064] 1. Displacement sensor; 11. First magnetic source; 111a. First permanent magnet; 111b. Second permanent magnet; 112b. First bushing; 111c. Third permanent magnet; 112c. Second bushing; 1121c. Sleeve; 1122c. Flange; 12. Base plate; 121. Center hole; 122. Mounting surface; 13. Hall effect chip; 14. Magnetic conductor; 2. Magnetic levitation bearing; 21. Stator assembly; 211. Stator; 212. Stator winding; 213. Fourth permanent magnet; 22. Rotor; 221. Rotor shaft; 3. Magnetic coupling structure; 31. Active assembly; 311. Active part; 312. Third magnetic source; 313. First magnetic ring; 32. Driven assembly; 321. Driven part; 322. Coupling block; 323. Second magnetic ring; 33. Air gap. Detailed Implementation

[0065] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0066] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0067] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0068] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0069] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 3 and Figure 26 The displacement sensor 1 provided in the embodiments of this application will now be described. This displacement sensor 1 is used in the magnetic levitation bearing 2 to detect the displacement of the rotor 22 of the magnetic levitation bearing 2, thereby preventing the rotor 22 from displacing and causing contact and friction between the rotor 22 and the stator assembly 21. It is understood that in other embodiments of this application, depending on the actual application, the above-mentioned displacement sensor 1 can also be used in other devices to detect the displacement between a moving body and a fixed body, for example, to detect the displacement of a gear shaft; this is not a unique limitation.

[0070] Please see Figures 1 to 3 The displacement sensor 1 includes a first magnetic source 11, a substrate 12, and a Hall array. The first magnetic source 11 is mounted on a moving body and generates a magnetic field. The substrate 12 is fixedly disposed and spaced apart from the first magnetic source 11. A central hole 121 is formed on the substrate 12 for the moving body to pass through. The Hall array includes multiple Hall chips 13, which are respectively attached to the substrate 12 and electrically connected to it. The multiple Hall chips 13 are distributed around the central hole 121, and each Hall chip 13 can detect the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field at its respective location to obtain the position information of the first magnetic source 11 and the moving body.

[0071] In this embodiment, the moving body is the rotor shaft 221 of the rotor 22 in the magnetic levitation bearing 2, and the first magnetic source 11 is installed on the rotor shaft 221.

[0072] The displacement sensor also includes a conditioning circuit board, which can be integrated with the substrate 12 or set separately. Each Hall chip 13 is electrically connected to the conditioning circuit board. Alternatively, the substrate 12 can have wires or printed circuits and electronic components. The substrate 12 is used to power the Hall chips 13 and to condition and extract the output signals of the Hall chips 13. The substrate 12 is also used for electrical connection with external circuits.

[0073] The first magnetic source 11 can be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. When the first magnetic source 11 is a permanent magnet, it needs to be pre-magnetized. The magnetic field generated by the first magnetic source 11 is spatially distributed. By controlling the relative positions of each Hall chip 13 and the first magnetic source 11, the magnetic field can pass through each Hall chip 13, allowing the Hall chip 13 to detect the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic source 11 at that Hall chip 13. Since the magnitude of the magnetic flux density detected by each Hall chip 13 in the Hall array is related to the relative distance between the Hall chip 13 and the first magnetic source 11, the relative position of the first magnetic source 11 relative to the Hall array can be obtained by analyzing the magnetic flux density detected by each Hall chip 13. Since the first magnetic source 11 is fixed to the rotor shaft 221, the position information of the rotor shaft 221 can be obtained by analyzing the magnetic flux density detected by each Hall chip 13.

[0074] In addition, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, according to application requirements, when the rotor shaft 221 (moving body) needs to pass through the central hole 121, the inner diameter of the central hole 121 can be set to be larger than the outer diameter of the rotor shaft 221. At the same time, the central hole 121 can also reduce the weight of the entire substrate 12. When the rotor shaft 221 does not need to pass through the central hole 121, the inner diameter of the central hole 121 can be set to be slightly smaller.

[0075] The displacement sensor 1 provided in this embodiment of the application, through the arrangement of a first magnetic source 11, a substrate 12, and a Hall array, wherein the first magnetic source 11 is mounted on a moving body and can generate a magnetic field, and the Hall array includes a plurality of Hall chips 13 respectively mounted on the substrate 12, each Hall chip 13 being able to detect the magnetic flux density at its respective location. Since the magnitude of the magnetic flux density detected by each Hall chip 13 in the Hall array is related to the relative distance between the Hall chip 13 and the first magnetic source 11, the relative position of the first magnetic source 11 with respect to the Hall array can be obtained by analyzing the magnetic flux density detected by each Hall chip 13. Since the first magnetic source 11 is fixed to the rotor shaft 221, the position information of the rotor shaft 221 can be obtained by analyzing the magnetic flux density detected by each Hall chip 13. In this embodiment, the displacement of the rotor 22 in the magnetic levitation bearing 2 can be measured using a single displacement sensor 1 made using the Hall effect principle. Compared to traditional magnetic levitation bearings 2, fewer displacement sensors 1 are used, and the installation space occupied by the displacement sensors 1 is also reduced, making the overall structure of the magnetic levitation bearing 2 simpler, smaller in size, and lower in cost. Furthermore, by providing a central hole 121 on the substrate 12 for the moving body (rotor shaft 221) to pass through, and distributing multiple Hall effect chips 13 around the central hole 121, when it is necessary to connect the rotor shaft 221 of the magnetic levitation bearing 2 through the substrate 12 to other structures, the rotor shaft 221 can be installed through the central hole 121. This is different from the traditional configuration where the rotor shaft 221 can only be installed on one side of the substrate 12, and it can also be applied to various situations where the rotor shaft 221 is extended, thus making the displacement sensor 1 more versatile, less heavy, and more applicable.

[0076] In one embodiment, see Figures 1 to 3 The substrate 12 is annular, and multiple Hall chips 13 are arranged in a ring at equal intervals to form a Hall array. It can be understood that in other embodiments of this application, the substrate 12 may also be square, elliptical, or other types of polygons, and the multiple Hall chips 13 may also be arranged in a square, elliptical, or other types of polygonal distribution.

[0077] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 The Hall chips 13 in the Hall array are arranged in a ring, and the Hall array is located on the radial outer side of the first magnetic source 11. That is, the Hall chips 13 are evenly arranged in a ring on the radial periphery of the first magnetic source 11. At this time, the first magnetic source 11 is located on the inner side of the Hall array, that is, each Hall chip 13 is closest to the first magnetic source 11, which allows each Hall chip 13 to obtain the magnetic flux density of the first magnetic source 11 more quickly and accurately, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the displacement sensor 1.

[0078] It should be noted here that the Hall array is located on the radial outside of the first magnetic source 11, which means that the center plane of the Hall array along the axial direction is parallel to the center plane of the first magnetic source 11 along the axial direction.

[0079] In addition, in this embodiment, the first magnetic source 11 can be in the shape of a ring and sleeved on the rotor shaft 221, so the rotor shaft 221 can be disposed through the substrate 12; the first magnetic source 11 can also be in the shape of a cylinder and disposed at one end of the rotor shaft 221, so the rotor shaft 221 is located on one side of the substrate 12.

[0080] In another embodiment of this application, please refer to Figure 1 Multiple Hall effect chips 13 are spaced apart from the first magnetic source 11 along the axial direction of the central hole 121, meaning there is a certain distance between the Hall array and the first magnetic source 11. This distance ensures that each Hall effect chip 13 can acquire the magnetic flux density of the first magnetic source 11. The central plane of the Hall array along the axial direction can be parallel to the central plane of the first magnetic source 11, such as... Figure 1 As shown; alternatively, the center plane of the Hall array along the axial direction can also be set at an angle to the center plane of the first magnetic source 11, such as... Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown.

[0081] In one embodiment, see Figure 5 Each Hall chip 13 is oriented in the same direction, meaning that each Hall chip 13 can only detect magnetic fields in a specific direction.

[0082] In another embodiment of this application, please refer to Figure 6 The orientation of each Hall chip 13 can also be different, meaning different Hall chips 13 can detect magnetic fields in different directions, thus enabling the detection of magnetic fields in multiple directions and improving the detection sensitivity of the Hall chip 13. For example Figure 6 In the process, some Hall chips 13 face away from the substrate 12, and some Hall chips 13 face the central hole 121, and the two types of Hall chips 13 are arranged alternately.

[0083] In one embodiment, see Figure 5 , Figures 7 to 10 The Hall chip 13 is oriented at a first angle to the axis of the central hole 121, and the first angle ranges from -90° to 90°. Specifically, the first angle can be -90°, -45°, 0°, 45°, or 90°.

[0084] It should be noted that the positive direction of the axis of the central hole 121 refers to the direction towards the first magnetic source 11. That is, when the angle between the orientation of the Hall chip 13 and the axis of the central hole 121 is within the range of -90° to 90°, the Hall chip 13 is always oriented towards the first magnetic source 11.

[0085] In this embodiment, by setting the orientation of the Hall chip 13 to be at different angles from the axis of the central hole 121, that is, by setting each Hall chip 13 to a certain optimized angle with the magnetic field in space, the detection sensitivity of each Hall chip 13 is improved.

[0086] In one embodiment, see Figures 7 to 10 The substrate 12 has at least one mounting surface 122, and multiple Hall chips 13 are respectively mounted on the at least one mounting surface 122, with the Hall chips 13 on each mounting surface 122 arranged in an array. For example, the substrate 12 has one mounting surface 122, and multiple Hall chips 13 are all mounted on this mounting surface 122; or, when the number of mounting surfaces 122 is two or more, multiple Hall chips 13 are respectively mounted on each mounting surface 122.

[0087] The Hall effect chip 13 is vertically mounted on the mounting surface 122. Generally, the orientation of the Hall effect chip 13 is perpendicular to the mounting surface 122. The mounting surface 122 forms a second angle with the axial direction of the central hole 121, and the range of this second angle is -90° to 90°. Specifically, the second angle can be -90°, -45°, 0°, 45°, or 90°. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 6 When the mounting surface 122 is perpendicular to the axis of the center hole 121, that is, when the Hall chip 13 faces the first magnetic source 11; please refer to Figure 7 When the mounting surface 122 forms a negative acute angle with the axial direction of the central hole 121, the mounting surface 122 is the conical outer surface of the substrate 12, and the orientation of the Hall chip 13 forms a positive acute angle with the central hole 121; please refer to Figure 10 When the axial angle between the mounting surface 122 and the center hole 121 is 0°, that is, when the axial angles of the mounting surface 122 and the center hole 121 are parallel, the mounting surface 122 can be the inner sidewall and / or the outer sidewall of the substrate 12, and the Hall chip 13 is disposed on the inner sidewall or the outer sidewall of the substrate 12; please refer to Figure 8 When the mounting surface 122 forms a positive acute angle with the axial direction of the central hole 121, the mounting surface 122 is the inclined inner surface of the substrate 12, and the orientation of the Hall chip 13 is set at a negative acute angle with the axial direction of the central hole 121. In this embodiment, by setting the mounting surface 122 at different angles with the axial direction of the central hole 121, that is, by setting the orientation of each Hall chip 13 at different angles with the axial direction of the central hole 121, the Hall chip 13 forms a certain optimized angle with the magnetic field in space, thereby improving the detection sensitivity of each Hall chip 13.

[0088] In one embodiment, see Figure 9 The substrate 12 has two mounting surfaces 122 arranged at an angle. Multiple Hall effect chips 13 are mounted on the two mounting surfaces 122, and the Hall effect chips 13 on each mounting surface 122 are arranged in a ring. Understandably, both mounting surfaces 122 face the first magnetic source 11; for example, the two mounting surfaces 122 are surfaces facing the first magnetic source 11 and connected to each other. Each Hall effect chip 13 generally has a fixed orientation and can only detect magnetic fields in a specific direction. Because the two mounting surfaces 122 are arranged at an angle, the Hall effect chips 13 on the two mounting surfaces 122 have different orientations, thus enabling the measurement of magnetic fields in multiple directions. Of course, in other embodiments, the substrate 12 may also have three or more mounting surfaces 122, with each mounting surface 122 angular to each other; this is not particularly limited here.

[0089] In one embodiment, the first magnetic source 11 is in the shape of a ring or a cylinder. See also... Figures 1 to 3 When the first magnetic source 11 is in the shape of a ring, the first magnetic source 11 is sleeved on the rotor shaft 221; please refer to Figure 12 When the first magnetic source 11 is cylindrical, the first magnetic source 11 is mounted on one end of the rotor shaft 221.

[0090] The first magnetic source 11 can be an electromagnet or a permanent magnet. When the first magnetic source 11 is a permanent magnet, it needs to be pre-magnetized.

[0091] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 The first magnetic source 11 is a permanent magnet, and the first magnetic source 11 is a single piece of the first permanent magnet 111a. The first permanent magnet 111a can be cylindrical or ring-shaped.

[0092] In another embodiment of this application, please refer to Figure 12 and Figure 13 The first magnetic source 11 includes a first bushing 112b and multiple second permanent magnets 111b. The first bushing 112b is used to be sleeved on the movable body (i.e., rotor shaft 221), and the multiple second permanent magnets 111b are respectively arranged around the outer or inner peripheral wall of the first bushing 112b.

[0093] For details, please refer to Figure 12 and Figure 13 The first bushing 112b is cylindrical, and multiple second permanent magnets 111b extend along the axial direction of the first bushing 112b and are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first bushing 112b. Each second permanent magnet 111b has a small size, and the number of second permanent magnets 111b is large. The first magnetic source 11 formed by them has high structural strength and large size.

[0094] Multiple second permanent magnets 111b can be evenly distributed on the outer peripheral wall of the first bushing 112b, or even evenly distributed on the inner peripheral wall of the first bushing 112b, or even distributed on both the outer peripheral wall and the inner peripheral wall of the first bushing 112b, thereby enhancing the magnetic field strength of the first magnetic source 11 and facilitating the detection of magnetic flux density by the Hall chip 13.

[0095] In another embodiment of this application, please refer to Figures 20 to 22 The first magnetic source 11 includes a second bushing 112c and multiple third permanent magnets 111c. The second bushing 112c is used to fit onto the movable body (i.e., the rotor shaft 221), and the multiple third permanent magnets 111c are respectively arranged around the side of the second bushing 112c facing the substrate 12. Specifically, the second bushing 112c includes a cylindrical sleeve 1121c and a flange 1122c provided on the outer edge of one end of the sleeve 1121c. Each third permanent magnet 111c extends circumferentially along the sleeve 1121c. Each third permanent magnet 111c is in the shape of a thin sheet. Each third permanent magnet 111c is installed on the side of the flange 1122c away from the sleeve 1121c, so that after installation, each third permanent magnet 111c is closer to each Hall chip 13, which is more conducive to detection.

[0096] In one embodiment, see Figures 1 to 3 The number of the first magnetic source 11 is one.

[0097] In another embodiment of this application, please refer to Figure 4 There are two first magnetic sources 11, and the substrate 12 is located between the two first magnetic sources 11. The arrangement of the two first magnetic sources 11 results in a relatively larger magnetic flux density at each position of the Hall chip 13 on the substrate 12, which facilitates the Hall chip 13 in acquiring the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the displacement sensor 1. For example... Figure 23 As shown, the two first magnetic sources 11 are respectively multiple second permanent magnets 111b and multiple third permanent magnets 111c. In this case, the two first magnetic sources 11 can be respectively located on the same side of the substrate 12, that is, the first bushing 112b and the second bushing 112c are respectively axially sleeved onto the rotor shaft 221. For example... Figure 24 As shown, the two first magnetic sources 11 can be two sets of third permanent magnets 111c, and the two sets of third permanent magnets 111c are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the substrate 12; for example... Figure 25 As shown, the two first magnetic sources 11 can be two sets of second permanent magnets 111b, the two substrates 12 are stacked in the middle, the Hall chips 13 are distributed on the opposite sides of the two substrates 12, and the two sets of second permanent magnets 111b are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the substrates 12.

[0098] In one embodiment, the substrate 12 can be a magnetically conductive material or a non-magnetically conductive material. When the substrate 12 is a magnetically conductive material, the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic source 11 can be guided towards the substrate 12, that is, towards the Hall chip 13, thereby facilitating the Hall effect of the Hall chip 13 on the magnetic flux density of the first magnetic source 11.

[0099] In one embodiment, at least one side of the first magnetic source 11 is provided with a magnetic conductor 14, which is made of a magnetic material. The magnetic conductor 14 can concentrate and distribute the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic source 11, so that each Hall chip 13 can more accurately obtain the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field at that location, thereby greatly improving the positioning accuracy of the displacement sensor 1.

[0100] In one embodiment, see Figure 12 , Figure 15 and Figure 16 The first magnetic source 11 has magnetic conductors 14 at both ends of its axial direction.

[0101] For example, when the first magnetic source 11 is a single piece of permanent magnet 111a, magnetic conductors 14 are provided at both ends of the first magnetic source 11 along its axial direction. The two magnetic conductors 14 can have the same shape or different shapes. By setting two magnetic conductors 14, the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic source 11 is more uniformly distributed and the magnetic field is better concentrated.

[0102] For example, please refer to Figure 13 When the first magnetic source 11 is composed of multiple second permanent magnets 111b, magnetic conductors 14 can be provided at both ends of the first magnetic source 11 along its axial direction. Specifically, both magnetic conductors 14 are annular in shape and are fixed to the two ends of each second permanent magnet 111b.

[0103] In one embodiment, a magnetic conductor 14 is provided on the inner or outer side of the first magnetic source 11. For example, if the first permanent magnet 111a is annular, the magnetic conductor 14 can be disposed on the inner or outer side of the first permanent magnet 111a. See also... Figure 13 When the first magnetic source 11 includes multiple second permanent magnets 111b, and when the multiple second permanent magnets 111b are installed inside the first bushing 112b, the magnetic conductor 14 can be installed inside the multiple second permanent magnets 111b; please refer to Figure 19 When multiple second permanent magnets 111b are installed on the outside of the first bushing 112b, the magnetic conductor 14 can be installed on the outside of the multiple second permanent magnets 111b.

[0104] In one embodiment, see Figure 15 and Figure 16The first magnetic source 11 has magnetic conductors 14 on both sides and the inner side along its axial direction. Alternatively, the first magnetic source 11 may have magnetic conductors 14 on both sides and the outer side along its axial direction, or on both sides and the inner and outer sides of the first magnetic source 11, such as... Figure 18 As shown, the magnetic conductor 14 surrounds multiple second permanent magnets 111b, which further improves the concentration and uniformity of the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic source 11.

[0105] Alternatively, magnetic conductors 14 can be provided on both the inner and outer sides of the first magnetic source 11, such as... Figure 17 As shown.

[0106] In one embodiment, a magnetic conductor 14 is provided at one axial end of the first magnetic source 11. For example... Figure 23 In the case where multiple third permanent magnets 111c are respectively installed on the side of flange 1122c facing Hall chip 13, and the thickness of the third permanent magnets 111c is relatively thin, it is only suitable to provide a magnetic conductor 14 on the side of each third permanent magnet 111c facing Hall chip 13. Of course, in other structural cases of the first magnetic source 11, a magnetic conductor 14 can also be provided only at one axial end of the first magnetic source 11, which is not particularly limited here.

[0107] In one embodiment, in order to better concentrate the magnetic field and eliminate the magnetic field inhomogeneity caused by splicing multiple second permanent magnets 111b, the surface of the magnetic conductor 14 can be set as a plane or a curved surface.

[0108] For details, please refer to Figure 11 When the first magnetic source 11 is a whole first permanent magnet 111a, two magnetic conductors 14 can be respectively set at the two ends of the first magnetic source 11 along the axis. In order to make the magnetic field better concentrated, the end of the magnetic conductor 14 near the Hall chip 13 facing the Hall chip 13 or the entire magnetic conductor 14 can be set into a conical shape, that is, the surface of the magnetic conductor 14 is a conical surface.

[0109] For example, please refer to Figure 15 and Figure 16 In order to better concentrate the magnetic field and eliminate the unevenness of the magnetic field caused by splicing multiple second permanent magnets 111b, the magnetic conductors 14 at both ends can be arranged in a shape that converges towards the center on the side away from the second permanent magnets 111b. This can be arranged from the outside in and from the closer to the farther away; or from the outside in and from the farther away to the closer.

[0110] For example, please refer to Figure 17 and Figure 18 In this case, the magnetic conductor 14 can be a curved surface with a larger middle and smaller ends on its outer circumference.

[0111] On the other hand, please see Figure 26This application also provides a magnetic levitation system, including a magnetic levitation bearing 2 and the aforementioned displacement sensor 1. The magnetic levitation bearing 2 includes a stator assembly 21 and a rotor 22. The stator assembly 21 includes a stator 211, a fourth permanent magnet 213, and a stator winding 212. The fourth permanent magnet 213 is embedded in the stator, and the stator winding 212 is wound on the stator. The fourth permanent magnet 213 and the stator winding 212 interact to levitate the rotor 22 within the stator assembly 21. A first magnetic source 11 is mounted on the rotor shaft 221 of the rotor 22. This magnetic levitation system, through the placement of the aforementioned displacement sensor 1, can not only accurately measure the position of the rotor 22 but also occupies a small space, resulting in a small overall space footprint for the magnetic levitation system.

[0112] In one embodiment, see Figure 26 The magnetic levitation system also includes a magnetic coupling structure 3, which comprises an active component 31 and a driven component 32. The active component 31 is fixedly disposed, and the driven component 32 is disposed radially inside the active component 31 or surrounds the radially inside the active component 31. The driven component 32 is fixedly connected to the rotor shaft 221. The active component 31 is used to generate a magnetic field to drive the driven component 32 and the rotor shaft 221 to rotate. In this embodiment, the rotor 22 is levitated by the stator 211, the fourth permanent magnet 213, and the stator winding 212, and the rotor 22 is rotated by the magnetic coupling structure 3. This arrangement decouples the magnetic circuit controlling the position and levitation state of the rotor 22 from the magnetic circuit controlling the rotation of the rotor 22, thereby reducing the difficulty of controlling the magnetic circuit of the magnetic levitation motor using the magnetic levitation system provided in this application, enhancing operational stability, and reducing torque fluctuation. In addition, by distributing the active component 31 and the driven component 32 radially, the axial space occupied is reduced.

[0113] In one embodiment, see Figure 27 and Figure 28The active component 31 includes an active part 311, a third magnetic source 312 and a first magnetic ring 313. The driven component 32 includes a driven part 321, a second magnetic ring 323 and a coupling block 322. The active part 311 is annular, and the driven part 321 is annular and located on the radial inner side of the active part 311 or surrounding the radial outer side of the active part 311. There is an air gap 33 between the driven part 321 and the active part 311. The third magnetic source 312 is sequentially spaced and embedded on the active part 311 along the circumferential direction. The first magnetic ring 313 surrounds the active part 311 on the side facing away from the driven part 321. The coupling blocks 322 are sequentially spaced and embedded on the driven part 321 along the circumferential direction, and each coupling block 322 corresponds to each third magnetic source 312. Each coupling block 322 faces the third magnetic source 312. The second magnetic ring 323 is located on the side of the driven part 321 facing away from the active part 311. The third magnetic source 312 can be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet composed of coils. The coupling blocks 322 can be made of magnetically conductive material or permanent magnet material.

[0114] The magnetic circuit in magnetic coupling structure 3 is as follows Figure 28 As shown. The magnetic field is generated by the third magnetic source 312, flows into the coupling block 322 through the air gap 33, then flows into the second magnetic ring 323 from the coupling block 322, then flows into another coupling block 322 from the second magnetic ring 323, and then flows from the coupling block 322 through the air gap 33 into another third magnetic source 312, thus realizing a closed loop magnetic circuit.

[0115] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A displacement sensor, characterized by, The application relates to a displacement sensor for a magnetic suspension system. The displacement sensor comprises a first magnetic source, a substrate and a Hall array. The first magnetic source is arranged on a movable body and used for generating a magnetic field. The first magnetic source is provided with a magnetic conductor at each axial end. The substrate is fixedly arranged and spaced apart from the first magnetic source.

2. The displacement sensor of claim 1, wherein, The substrate is provided with a central hole for the movable body to pass through. The Hall array comprises a plurality of Hall chips.

3. The displacement sensor of claim 1, wherein, The Hall chips are arranged on the substrate and electrically connected to the substrate. The Hall chips are distributed around the central hole.

4. The displacement sensor of claim 1, wherein, Each Hall chip can detect the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field at the Hall chip to obtain the position information of the first magnetic source and the movable body.

5. The displacement sensor of claim 1, wherein, The end of the magnetic conductor close to the Hall chip is conical.

6. The displacement sensor of claim 1, wherein, The Hall chips are arranged in a ring around the first magnetic source.

7. The displacement sensor of claim 1, wherein, The Hall chips are arranged along the axial direction of the central hole and surround the first magnetic source. The orientations of the Hall chips are the same. The orientations of the Hall chips are not the same.

8. Displacement sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The orientation of the Hall chip and the axial direction of the central hole have a first angle.

9. A magnetic levitation system comprising a magnetic bearing, characterized in that The first angle ranges from -90 degrees to 90 degrees.

10. The magnetic levitation system of claim 9, wherein, The substrate is provided with at least one mounting surface. The Hall chips are arranged on the mounting surface. The first magnetic source is an electromagnet or a permanent magnet. The first magnetic source comprises a first permanent magnet. The first magnetic source comprises a first shaft sleeve and a plurality of second permanent magnets. The first magnetic source comprises a second shaft sleeve and a plurality of third permanent magnets. The magnetic suspension system comprises the displacement sensor. The magnetic suspension system comprises a magnetic coupling structure. The magnetic coupling structure comprises a driving assembly and a driven assembly. The driving assembly is fixedly arranged. The driven assembly is arranged on the inner side of the driving assembly or around the inner side of the driving assembly. The driven assembly is fixedly connected to the rotor shaft. The driving assembly is used for generating a magnetic field to drive the driven assembly and the rotor shaft to rotate.

11. The magnetic levitation system of claim 10, wherein, The driving assembly comprises a driving part, a third magnetic source and a first magnetic conducting ring; the driven assembly comprises a driven part, a second magnetic conducting ring and a coupling block; the driving part is in the shape of a ring; the driven part is arranged on the radial inner side of the driving part or on the radial outer side of the driving part, and an air gap is arranged between the driving part and the driven part; the third magnetic source is sequentially and spacedly arranged on the driving part; the first magnetic conducting ring is arranged on the side of the driving part away from the driven part; the coupling block is sequentially and spacedly arranged on the driven part; each coupling block corresponds to each third magnetic source; each coupling block is arranged towards each third magnetic source; and the second magnetic conducting ring is arranged on the side of the driven part away from the driving part.

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