Three-way adjustable test loading system

Abstract

The present invention provides a three-way adjustable test loading system, comprising a test piece, a gravity balance system, a follow-up loading system, and a load-bearing ground rail; the test piece is mounted on the load-bearing ground rail; the gravity balance system comprises an airbag and a bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture, which is arranged on the top of the test piece, and the airbag is used to balance the gravity of the gravity balance system; the follow-up loading system comprises a lateral load-bearing column, an adjustable loading system, and a loading member; the lateral load-bearing column is arranged in the loading direction of the test piece; the load of the loading member is transmitted to the bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture via the adjustable loading system; the adjustable loading system is mounted on the lateral load-bearing column, and its position and height are determined by the loading point position of the bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture. The present invention utilizes the high rigidity characteristics of the load-bearing ground rail and the lateral load-bearing column to concentrate the distributed load in the height direction of the test piece at the top for loading, thereby facilitating follow-up adjustment of the load loading direction and improving the accuracy of the test loading.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of specimen strength testing, and in particular to a three-way adjustable testing loading system. Background Art

[0002] The solar wing's flexible extension mechanism must be tested in its fully extended state, reaching a height of 14 meters. Bending, shear, and compressive loads must be applied simultaneously to the top of the mechanism. When fully loaded, the top of the mechanism can deform by up to 1 meter, with the load direction tracking the deformation of the specimen. The solar wing's flexible extension mechanism operates in the microgravity environment of space, and this environment must be simulated during static testing.

[0003] An existing Chinese patent, publication number CN214749429U, discloses a multi-directionally adjustable triaxial loading assembly test device, which relates to the field of geotechnical engineering. The device comprises a fixed frame, a model box, an X-direction loading assembly, a Y-direction loading assembly, and a Z-direction loading assembly. The fixed frame houses the model box, with the X-direction loading assembly located on the left side, the Y-direction loading assembly located on the back side, and the Z-direction loading assembly located above the model box.

[0004] The inventor believes that the prior art lacks a test system for simulating the environment, and a reasonable system structure needs to be provided. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a three-way adjustable test loading system.

[0006] According to the present invention, a three-way adjustable test loading system is provided, comprising: a test piece, a gravity balance system, a follow-up loading system and a load-bearing ground rail; the test piece is installed on the load-bearing ground rail; the gravity balance system comprises an airbag and a bending, shear and compression coupling loading fixture, the bending, shear and compression coupling loading fixture is arranged on the top of the test piece, and the airbag is arranged on the top of the bending, shear and compression coupling loading fixture, and the airbag is used to balance the gravity of the gravity balance system; the follow-up loading system comprises a lateral bearing column, an adjustable loading system and a loading piece; the lateral bearing column is arranged in the loading direction of the test piece, and the bottom of the lateral bearing column is fastened to the load-bearing ground rail; the load of the loading piece is transmitted to the bending, shear and compression coupling loading fixture through the adjustable loading system; the adjustable loading system is installed on the lateral bearing column, and the position and height of the adjustable loading system are determined by the loading point position of the bending, shear and compression coupling loading fixture.

[0007] Preferably, the gas filled in the airbag includes helium.

[0008] Preferably, the lateral load-bearing column includes a column and a base; the base is provided with a flange, the flange is provided with a mounting hole, and the base is fastened to the load-bearing ground rail through the mounting hole.

[0009] Preferably, the vertical surface of the column is provided with double rows of connecting holes of equal width and equal spacing; the adjustable loading system includes a base plate, which is provided with waist-shaped holes on both sides; the column and the adjustable loading system are connected through the matching assembly of the connecting holes and the waist-shaped holes.

[0010] Preferably, a linear guide rail and a roller screw parallel to each other are provided on the base plate, the linear guide rail comprises a standard ball-type linear guide rail, and the length and diameter of the roller screw match those of the linear guide rail.

[0011] Preferably, a screw nut connecting block is connected between the linear guide rail and the roller screw, and the screw nut connecting block moves along the direction of the roller screw.

[0012] Preferably, the adjustable loading system further comprises a screw and a fixed pulley, wherein the fixed pulley is arranged on the screw; the screw is fastened to the screw nut connecting block via a threaded connecting block; the fixed pulley moves along the movement direction of the roller screw and the direction of the screw.

[0013] Preferably, the loading member includes a weight and a steel wire rope, and the steel wire rope passes through the fixed pulley; one end of the steel wire rope is fastened to the loading point of the bending, shear and compression coupling loading tooling, and the other end is fastened to the weight.

[0014] Preferably, the test piece is mounted on the load-bearing ground rail via a fixed base plate; matching connection holes are provided on the fixed base plate and the test piece; through holes are provided at the four corners of the fixed base plate, which are fastened to the load-bearing ground rail via ground rail bolts.

[0015] Preferably, the load-bearing ground rail includes a T-shaped cross-section, and the ground rail bolt includes a T-shaped structure matching the T-shaped cross-section.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The present invention utilizes the high stiffness characteristics of the load-bearing ground rails and lateral load-bearing columns, and uses a bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture and an adjustable loading system to concentrate the distributed load in the height direction of the test piece at the top for loading. This helps to adjust the load loading direction dynamically and helps to improve the accuracy of the test loading.

[0018] 2. The present invention utilizes the unidirectional guiding capability of the linear guide rail and the threaded feeding motion capability of the lead screw, thereby helping the shear force direction of the test piece to always remain consistent with the out-of-plane and in-plane directions of the top surface of the test piece during the deformation of the test piece. When the test load is loaded, it helps to achieve the function of bidirectional load adjustment and helps to improve the accuracy of the test loading.

[0019] 3. The present invention balances the gravity of the test piece and the loading fixture through the lift generated by the airbag, which helps to maintain a gravity balance state during the follow-up loading process and helps to simulate the microgravity environment in space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the three-way adjustable test loading system of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the airbag of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the lateral load-bearing column mainly embodied in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the adjustable loading system mainly embodied in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the bending, shear and compression coupled loading tooling of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of the fixed base plate of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram mainly showing the overall structure of the floor rail bolts of the present invention.

[0028] As shown in the figure:

[0029] Airbag 1 Lateral support column 2 Adjustable loading system 3

[0030] Base plate 31 Linear guide 32 Roller screw 33

[0031] Screw nut connection block 34 Threaded connection block 35 Screw 36

[0032] Fixed pulley 37 Bending, shearing and compression coupling loading fixture 4 Test piece 5

[0033] Load-bearing rail 6 Fixed base plate 7 Rail bolt 8 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. These all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, a three-way adjustable test loading system provided according to the present invention includes: a test piece 5, a gravity balance system, a follow-up loading system and a load-bearing ground rail 6; the test piece 5 is installed on the load-bearing ground rail 6; the gravity balance system includes an airbag 1 and a bending, shear and compression coupling loading tooling 4, the bending, shear and compression coupling loading tooling 4 is arranged on the top of the test piece 5, and the airbag 1 is arranged on the top of the bending, shear and compression coupling loading tooling 4, and the airbag 1 is used to balance the gravity of the gravity balance system; the follow-up loading system includes a lateral bearing column 2, an adjustable loading system 3 and a loading piece; the lateral bearing column 2 is arranged in the loading direction of the test piece 5, and the bottom of the lateral bearing column 2 is fastened to the load-bearing ground rail 6; the load of the loading piece is transmitted to the bending, shear and compression coupling loading tooling 4 through the adjustable loading system 3; the adjustable loading system 3 is installed on the lateral bearing column 2, and the position and height of the adjustable loading system 3 are determined by the loading point position of the bending, shear and compression coupling loading tooling 4.

[0036] This invention leverages the high rigidity of the load-bearing ground rails 6 and the lateral support columns 2. Using a bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture 4 and an adjustable loading system 3, the distributed load in the specimen's height direction is concentrated at the top. To address the need for dynamic loading due to the large top deformation of large flexible structures, the adjustable loading system 3 dynamically adjusts the load direction. The lift generated by the airbag 1 balances the weight of the specimen and the loading fixture, simulating the microgravity environment of space.

[0037] The gravity balance system includes an airbag 1 and a bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture 4. The bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture 4 is mounted on top of the test piece 5 and assembled to the test piece 5 via bolts. The airbag 1 is mounted on top of the bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture 4 and is connected to the bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture 4 via screws. By filling the airbag 1 with an appropriate amount of helium, the buoyancy of the airbag 1 is balanced with the gravity of the airbag 1 and the bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture, and a gravitational balance state is maintained during the deformation of the test piece. The buoyancy generated by the helium filling of the airbag 1 is measured on the ground using a spring dynamometer, and its buoyancy is equal to the gravity of the bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture 4. The buoyancy of the airbag 1 is used to balance the gravity of the airbag 1, the bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture 4, and the test piece 5, and a gravitational balance state is maintained during the follow-up loading process, simulating the microgravity state in space during the test piece's operation.

[0038] The lateral support column 2 consists of an upright and a base. The base is equipped with a flange with mounting holes, through which the base is securely connected to the load-bearing ground rail 6. The lateral support column, serving as an auxiliary load-bearing component, is assembled from a table frame and an ingot base. The bottom surface of the ingot base is connected to the load-bearing ground rail 6 via ground rail bolts 8, thus integrating the lateral support column 2 with the load-bearing ground rail 6.

[0039] The vertical surface of the lateral load-bearing column 2 is provided with a double row of connection holes of equal width and equal spacing; the adjustable loading system 3 includes a base plate 31, which is provided with waist-shaped holes on both sides; the column and the adjustable loading system 3 are connected by the matching assembly of the connection holes and the waist-shaped holes. The lateral load-bearing column 2 is formed by screwing a number of table frames, which is convenient for adjusting the installation height of the adjustable loading system 3. The vertical surface of the lateral load-bearing column 2 is provided with evenly distributed connection holes for connecting with the waist-shaped holes of the adjustable loading system 3, so that the adjustable loading system 3 and the shear loading point on the bending, shearing and compression coupling loading fixture 4 are installed at the same height. The adjustable loading system 3 is connected to the lateral load-bearing column 2, and the high rigidity of the lateral load-bearing column is utilized to improve the lateral rigidity at the high-altitude loading point.

[0040] The adjustable loading system 3 is a bidirectionally adjustable structure. Its base plate 31 is a rectangular plate whose cross-sectional dimensions are determined by the length to be adjusted. Parallel linear guides 32 and roller screws 33 are installed on the base plate 31 of the adjustable loading system 3. Multiple threaded holes are provided in the base plate 31 for securing the linear guides 32 and roller screws 33. The length and diameter of the roller screws 33 match those of the linear guides 32. During installation, threaded holes in the base plate 31 ensure parallelism between the roller screws 33 and the linear guides 32.

[0041] The linear guide 32 is a standard ball-bearing linear guide, consisting of a slider, a guide rail, and ball bearings. The slider and guide rail are connected by ball bearings. The guide rail's cross-section can be selected based on the load capacity. The guide rail is a linear slide, and its length is slightly larger than the required adjustment length. The specific model and size are determined by the required load of the test.

[0042] A screw nut connection block 34 connects the linear guide rail 32 and the roller screw 33. The slider has several threaded holes on one end, and the screw nut connection block 34 has several threaded holes. The screw nut connection block 34 is integrally machined and connects the linear guide rail 32 and the roller screw 33, allowing it to move along the roller screw 33. The specific dimensions of the screw nut connection block 34 are determined by the lateral force acting on the roller screw 33.

[0043] Adjustable loading system 3 also includes a screw 36 and a fixed pulley 37, which is mounted on screw 36. Screw 36 comprises a 20mm threaded rod that must meet the test load requirements, and each connection surface must meet the load-bearing requirements. Screw 36 is securely connected to screw nut connection block 34 via a threaded connection block 35. The threaded connection block 35 has an M20 threaded hole. The two threaded connection blocks 35 are threadedly connected to screw 36. The distance between the two threaded connection blocks 35 is determined by the lateral load on screw 36.

[0044] Fixed pulley 37 is connected to screw rod 36 via a through hole. A nut is attached to each of the top and bottom of fixed pulley 37. The nuts rotate in opposite directions to secure fixed pulley 37 to a given position on screw rod 36. Adjusting the position of the nuts adjusts the position of fixed pulley 37. The screw rod 36 and screw nut connecting block 34 cooperate to allow fixed pulley 37 to move in the direction of movement of roller screw rod 33 and screw rod 36.

[0045] The loading part includes a weight and a steel wire rope, and the steel wire rope passes through the fixed pulley 37; one end of the steel wire rope is tightly connected to the loading point of the bending, shearing and pressing coupling loading tooling 4, and the other end is tightly connected to the weight.

[0046] The present application makes full use of the unidirectional guiding capability of the linear guide rail 32 and the threaded feeding motion capability of the screw rod 36, so that the shear force direction of the test piece 5 can always be consistent with the out-of-plane and in-plane directions of the top surface of the test piece 5 during the deformation process of the test piece 5. When the test load is loaded, the function of bidirectional load adjustment is realized, thereby improving the accuracy of the test loading.

[0047] The test piece 5 is mounted on the load-bearing ground rail 6 via a fixed base plate 7. Matching connection holes are provided on the fixed base plate 7 and the test piece 5. A stepped through-hole is provided on the fixed base plate 7 to match the connection hole at the bottom of the test piece 5. The test piece 5 is mounted on the fixed base plate 7 using bolts. Through-holes are provided at the four corners of the fixed base plate 7, which are fastened to the load-bearing ground rail 6 using ground rail bolts 8.

[0048] The load-bearing ground rail 6 is a fixed bearing member in the laboratory. It is designed according to a certain spacing and load-bearing capacity and has a T-shaped cross-section for connecting the ground rail bolts 8. The ground rail bolts 8 are fasteners with a T-shaped structure that matches the T-shaped cross-section of the load-bearing ground rail 6 for fixed connection.

[0049] This application is assembled through the following steps:

[0050] S1: Assemble the test piece 5 and the fixed base plate 7 to form the main platform, insert the ground rail bolts 8 into the through holes on the fixed base plate 7 and connect them to the load-bearing ground rails 6;

[0051] S2: Using a spring dynamometer on the ground to measure the weight of the bending, shear and compression coupling loading tool 4, and inflating the airbag 1 with helium so that the buoyancy generated by the airbag 1 is consistent with the gravity of the bending, shear and compression coupling loading tool 4, and then using a drawstring and screws to connect the airbag 1 and the bending, shear and compression coupling loading tool 4 so that they are in a state of gravity balance;

[0052] S3: Raise the assembly of the airbag 1 and the bending, shear and compression coupling loading fixture 4 to the top of the test piece 5 and connect it to the top interface of the test piece 5 with screws;

[0053] S4: Move the lateral bearing column 2 to the required loading direction of the test piece 5, insert the ground rail bolt 8 into the hole on the flange at the lower end of the lateral bearing column 2 and connect it to the bearing ground rail 6;

[0054] S5: Connect the adjustable loading system 3 to the lateral bearing column 2 by bolts. The installation height is determined by the position of the loading hole on the bending, shear and compression coupling loading tool 4;

[0055] S6: Connect the wire rope to the loading hole of the bending, shear and compression coupling loading tooling 4, pass it through the fixed pulley 37, and hang it down to near the ground. Hang the weight on the wire rope, adjust the position of the screw nut connecting block 34 by rotating the roller screw 33, and adjust the position of the fixed pulley 37 by rotating the nut to realize the follow-up loading function.

[0056] This application fully utilizes the buoyancy generated by the airbag 1, using it to offset the gravity of the bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture 4 and the airbag 1. By leveraging the principle that the buoyancy generated by the airbag 1 always points upward, this successfully simulates the microgravity of space on the ground. The combination of the roller screw 33 and the fixed pulley 37 enables dynamic loading of the load, improving loading accuracy and successfully applying it in static strength testing of the space station's flexible extension mechanism.

[0057] How it works

[0058] Assemble the test specimen 5 and the fixed base plate 7 to form the main platform. Insert ground rail bolts 8 through the through-holes in the fixed base plate 7 and connect to the load-bearing ground rail 6. Measure the weight of the bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture 4 using a spring dynamometer on the ground. Inflate the airbag 1 with helium so that the buoyancy generated by the airbag 1 matches the weight of the bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture 4. Then, use a drawstring and screws to connect the airbag 1 and the bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture 4, ensuring they are in a state of gravitational equilibrium. Raise the airbag 1 and bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture 4 combination to the top of the test specimen 5 and screw them to the top interface of the test specimen 5. Move the lateral support column 2 to the desired loading direction for the test specimen 5. Insert ground rail bolts 8 through the holes on the lower flange of the lateral support column 2 and connect to the load-bearing ground rail 6. Bolt the adjustable loading system 3 to the lateral support column 2. Its installation height is determined by the position of the loading holes on the bending, shear, and compression coupling loading fixture 4. Connect the wire rope to the loading hole of the bending, shear and compression coupling loading tooling 4, pass it through the fixed pulley 37, and hang it down to near the ground. Hang the weight on the wire rope, adjust the position of the screw nut connecting block 34 by rotating the roller screw 33, and adjust the position of the fixed pulley 37 by rotating the nut to realize the follow-up loading function.

[0059] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0060] The above describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. The embodiments of this application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other in any manner unless there is a conflict.

Claims

1. A three-way adjustable test loading system, characterized in that: include: Test piece (5), gravity balance system, follow-up loading system and load-bearing ground rail (6); The test piece (5) is installed on the load-bearing ground rail (6); The gravity balance system comprises an airbag (1) and a bending, shear and compression coupling loading tool (4), wherein the bending, shear and compression coupling loading tool (4) is arranged on the top of the test piece (5), and the airbag (1) is arranged on the top of the bending, shear and compression coupling loading tool (4), and the airbag (1) is used to balance the gravity of the gravity balance system; The follow-up loading system includes a lateral load-bearing column (2), an adjustable loading system (3) and a loading member; The lateral load-bearing column (2) is arranged in the loading direction of the test piece (5), and the bottom of the lateral load-bearing column (2) is tightly connected to the load-bearing ground rail (6); The load of the loading member is transferred to the bending, shearing and compression coupling loading tool (4) through the adjustable loading system (3); The adjustable loading system (3) is installed on the lateral load-bearing column (2), and the position and height of the adjustable loading system (3) are determined by the loading point position of the bending, shearing and compression coupling loading tool (4); The adjustable loading system (3) comprises a bottom plate (31), and waist-shaped holes are provided on both sides of the bottom plate (31); The bottom plate (31) is provided with a linear guide rail (32) and a roller screw (33) parallel to each other, the linear guide rail (32) comprises a standard ball-type linear guide rail, and the length and diameter of the roller screw (33) match those of the linear guide rail (32); A screw nut connecting block (34) is connected between the linear guide rail (32) and the roller screw (33), and the screw nut connecting block (34) moves along the direction of the roller screw (33); The adjustable loading system (3) further comprises a screw rod (36) and a fixed pulley (37), wherein the fixed pulley (37) is arranged on the screw rod (36); The screw rod (36) is fastened to the screw rod nut connecting block (34) via a threaded connecting block (35); The fixed pulley (37) moves along the movement direction of the roller screw (33) and the direction of the screw (36); The lateral load-bearing column (2) comprises a column and a base; The base is provided with a flange, the flange is provided with a mounting hole, and the base is fastened to the load-bearing ground rail (6) through the mounting hole; The loading member includes a weight and a steel wire rope, and the steel wire rope passes through the fixed pulley (37); One end of the steel wire rope is tightly connected to the loading point of the bending, shearing and compression coupling loading tool (4), and the other end is tightly connected to the weight.

2. The three-way adjustable test loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas filled in the airbag (1) includes helium.

3. The three-way adjustable test loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical surface of the column is provided with double rows of connection holes of equal width and equal spacing; The upright column and the adjustable loading system (3) are connected through the matching assembly of the connecting hole and the waist-shaped hole.

4. The three-way adjustable test loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test piece (5) is mounted on the load-bearing ground rail (6) via a fixed base plate (7); Matching connection holes are provided on the fixed base plate (7) and the test piece (5); The four corners of the fixed base plate (7) are provided with through holes, which are fastened to the load-bearing ground rail (6) via ground rail bolts (8).

5. The three-way adjustable test loading system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The load-bearing ground rail (6) comprises a T-shaped cross section, and the ground rail bolt (8) comprises a T-shaped structure matching the T-shaped cross section.

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