Drilling activity recommendation system and method

Abstract

A method for drilling a well includes receiving an initial drilling plan for drilling a well, obtaining one or more compensated well drilling activity logs generated based on drilling a compensated well, and generating a modified drilling plan for drilling a target well by adding one or more new drilling activities between a first consecutive activity and a second consecutive activity of the initial drilling plan based on a conditional probability of the one or more new drilling activities occurring between the first consecutive activity and the second consecutive activity of the initial drilling plan.

Description

Background Technology

[0001] In oil and gas fields, drilling plans are generated to guide drilling operations. The goal of a drilling plan is to provide a series of activities that result in wells that conform to desired specifications for geometry, trajectory, etc., and are highly efficient in drilling.

[0002] Drilling planning utilizes drilling knowledge gained from experience drilling other wells (sometimes called compensation wells). However, in many practical applications, drilling planning is incomplete and can lead to drillers adapting to changing circumstances between consecutive activities. This makes the process susceptible to subjectivity and human error. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Embodiments of this disclosure may provide a method for drilling, the method comprising: receiving an initial drilling plan for drilling a target well; obtaining a drilling activity log of one or more compensation wells generated based on drilling compensation wells; and generating a modified drilling plan for drilling a target well by adding the one or more new drilling activities to the initial drilling plan between the first and second consecutive activities, based on a conditional probability that one or more new drilling activities occur between a first consecutive activity and a second consecutive activity of the initial drilling plan.

[0004] Embodiments of this disclosure may also provide a computing system comprising: one or more processors; and a memory system including one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by at least one of the one or more processors, cause the computing system to perform operations. The operations include: receiving an initial drilling plan for drilling a target well; obtaining a drilling activity log of one or more compensation wells generated based on drilling compensation wells; and generating a modified drilling plan for drilling a target well by adding the one or more new drilling activities to the initial drilling plan between the first and second consecutive activities, based on a conditional probability that one or more new drilling activities will occur between a first consecutive activity and a second consecutive activity of the initial drilling plan.

[0005] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a computing system, cause the computing system to perform operations. The operations include: receiving an initial drilling plan for a target well; obtaining a drilling activity log of one or more compensation wells generated based on the drilling of compensation wells; and generating a modified drilling plan for a target well by adding the one or more new drilling activities to the initial drilling plan between the first and second consecutive activities, based on a conditional probability of one or more new drilling activities occurring between the first and second consecutive activities of the initial drilling plan.

[0006] This summary is provided to introduce a series of concepts that will be further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to help limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. Attached Figure Description

[0007] The features and advantages of the described embodiments can be more easily understood by referring to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0008] Figure 1 The device is shown in a geological environment according to one embodiment.

[0009] Figure 2 An example of a well site or drilling system and wellbore type according to one implementation is shown.

[0010] Figure 3 A block diagram of a drilling system according to one implementation is shown.

[0011] Figure 4 A block diagram of another drilling system according to one implementation is shown.

[0012] Figure 5 A flowchart of a method for creating a drilling plan according to one implementation scheme is shown.

[0013] Figure 6 The statistics tree for compensation well drilling operations is shown according to one implementation scheme.

[0014] Figure 7 The nodes of the statistics tree for compensation well drilling operations according to one implementation scheme are shown.

[0015] Figure 8 A flowchart of a procedure for generating a statistical tree of drilling operations for compensation wells, according to one implementation scheme, is shown.

[0016] Figure 9 The diagram illustrates a statistical tree of compensated well drilling operations in the first stage of tree construction, according to one implementation scheme.

[0017] Figure 10 This illustrates the second phase of construction according to one implementation scheme. Figure 9 Compensation well drilling operation statistics tree.

[0018] Figure 11 The third phase of construction is shown according to one implementation scheme. Figure 9 Compensation well drilling operation statistics tree.

[0019] Figure 12A flowchart is shown of a procedure for modifying drilling plans by applying a compensating well drilling operation statistics tree according to one implementation scheme.

[0020] Figure 13 A more detailed flowchart of a procedure for modifying drilling plans by applying a compensating well drilling operation statistics tree, according to one implementation scheme, is shown.

[0021] Figure 14 A further, more detailed flowchart is shown, illustrating a procedure for modifying drilling plans by applying a compensating well drilling operation statistics tree according to one implementation scheme.

[0022] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of a computing system according to one implementation scheme is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The following description includes implementations of the best mode currently contemplated for practice of the described embodiments. This description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as an attempt to describe the general principles of implementation. The scope of the described embodiments should be determined with reference to the published claims.

[0024] Well planning is a process by which the path of a well is mapped to reach a reservoir, for example, to extract fluids from the reservoir. As an example, constraints can be imposed on well design; for instance, the well trajectory can be constrained by one or more physical phenomena that can affect the feasibility of drilling, the ease of drilling, etc. Thus, one or more constraints can be imposed, for example, at least in part, based on the known geology of the subsurface domain or, for example, the presence of other wells in the area (e.g., to avoid conflict). One or more other constraints can be imposed, for example, considering one or more constraints closely related to the capabilities of the tools being used and / or one or more constraints related to drilling time and risk tolerance.

[0025] Well plans can be generated, at least in part, based on imposed constraints and known information. As an example, a well plan can be provided to the well owner for approval and then implemented by a drilling service provider (e.g., a directional driller or "DD").

[0026] Well design systems may take into account one or more capabilities of one or more drilling systems that can be utilized at the well site. For example, when creating one or more of various designs and specifications, drilling engineers may be required to consider such capabilities.

[0027] Well design systems (which may be well planning systems) can be automated. For example, where the well site includes well site equipment that can be automated, for example, via local and / or remote automated commands, a well plan can be generated digitally, and where at least a certain degree of automation is possible and desirable, the well plan can be used in the drilling system. For example, the drilling system can access the digital well plan, where information in the digital well plan can be utilized via one or more automation mechanisms of the drilling system to automate one or more operations at the well site.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an example of geological environment 120 is shown. Figure 1 In this context, the geological environment 120 may be a sedimentary basin comprising multiple layers (e.g., stratified), including reservoir 121 and intersecting, for example, a fault 123 (e.g., or multiple faults). As an example, the geological environment 120 may be equipped with any of a variety of sensors, detectors, actuators, etc. For example, equipment 122 may include communication circuitry for receiving and / or transmitting information relative to one or more networks 125. This information may include information associated with downhole equipment 124, which may be equipment used for information acquisition, assisting resource recovery, etc. Other equipment 126 may be located remotely from the well site and include sensing circuitry, detection circuitry, transmitting circuitry, or other circuitry. Such equipment may include storage and communication circuitry for storing and transmitting data, instructions, etc. As an example, one or more pieces of equipment may provide the measurement, collection, transmission, storage, analysis, etc., of data (e.g., regarding one or more mined resources). As an example, one or more satellites may be provided for purposes such as communication, data acquisition, geolocation, etc. For example, Figure 1 A satellite communicating with a network 125 that can be configured for communication is shown. It should be noted that the satellite may additionally or alternatively include circuitry for imaging (e.g., spatial imaging, spectral imaging, temporal imaging, radiometric imaging, etc.).

[0029] Figure 1The geological environment 120 is also shown as optionally including equipment 127 and 128 associated with a well, the well comprising a substantially horizontal portion that may intersect with one or more fractures 129. For example, consider a well in a shale formation that may include natural fractures, artificial fractures (e.g., hydraulic fractures), or a combination of natural and artificial fractures. As an example, a laterally extending reservoir may be drilled. In this example, there may be lateral variations in properties, stresses, etc., where assessment of such variations can aid in planning, operations, etc., for reservoir development (e.g., via fracturing, injection, extraction, etc.). As an example, equipment 127 and / or 128 may include components, one or more systems, etc., for fracturing, seismic sensing, seismic data analysis, assessment of one or more fractures, injection, production, etc. As an example, equipment 127 and / or 128 may provide the measurement, collection, transmission, storage, and analysis of data such as, for example, production data (e.g., regarding one or more mined resources). As an example, one or more satellites may be provided for communication, data acquisition, and other purposes.

[0030] Figure 1 Examples of equipment 170 and equipment 180 are also shown. This equipment (which can be a system of components) is suitable for geological environment 120. Although equipment 170 and 180 are shown as land-based, various components can be adapted to marine systems. Figure 1 As shown, equipment 180 can be a mobile device carried by a vehicle; it should be noted that equipment 170 can be assembled, disassembled, transported, and reassembled.

[0031] Equipment 170 includes a platform 171, a derrick 172, a crane 173, a wire rope 174, a traveling block assembly 175, a winch 176, and a loading / unloading platform 177 (e.g., a second-level platform). As an example, the wire rope 174 can be controlled at least partially via the winch 176, allowing the traveling block assembly 175 to travel vertically relative to the platform 171. For example, by winding in the wire rope 174, the winch 176 can move the wire rope 174 through the crane 173 and lift the traveling block assembly 175 away from the platform 171; while by releasing the wire rope 174, the winch 176 can move the wire rope 174 through the crane 173 and lower the traveling block assembly 175 toward the platform 171. When the traveling block assembly 175 carries drill pipe (e.g., casing, etc.), tracking the movement of the traveling block 175 can provide an indication of how much drill pipe has been deployed.

[0032] A derrick can be a structure used to support an overhead crane and a traveling block that is at least partially operatively coupled to the overhead crane via wire ropes. The derrick can be pyramidal in shape and provide a suitable strength-to-weight ratio. The derrick can be moved as a unit or piece by piece (e.g., to be assembled and disassembled).

[0033] As an example, a winch may include a spool, brake, power source, and various auxiliary devices. The winch can be controlled to release and wind up the wire rope. The wire rope can be wound onto the overhead crane and coupled to the traveling block to obtain mechanical advantages in a "pulley" or "roller" configuration. Releasing and winding up the wire rope can cause the traveling block (e.g., and anything that may be suspended below it) to be lowered into or raised out of the borehole. The wire rope can be released by gravity and wound up by a motor, engine, etc. (e.g., an electric motor, a diesel engine, etc.).

[0034] The overhead crane may include a set of pulleys (e.g., grooved sheaves) located at or near the top of the derrick or drilling rig, through which a wire rope passes. The traveling block may include a set of grooved sheaves that can move up and down within the derrick or drilling rig via a wire rope passing through both the traveling block's and the overhead crane's grooved sheaves. The overhead crane, traveling block, and wire rope form a pulley system for the derrick or drilling rig, enabling the handling of heavy loads (e.g., drill string, drill pipe, casing, liner, etc.) to be lifted out of or lowered into the borehole. As an example, the wire rope may have a diameter of approximately one to five centimeters, such as a steel cable. By using a set of grooved sheaves, this wire rope can carry heavier loads than a single-strand wire rope can support.

[0035] A derrickman can be a member of the drilling team working on a platform attached to a derrick or rig. The derrick may include a loading platform on which the derrickman can stand. As an example, such a loading platform may be located approximately 10 meters or higher above the rig. During an operation known as tripping (TOH), the derrickman wears a safety harness that allows him to lean out from the work platform (e.g., a second platform) to reach the drill pipe located at or near the center of the derrick or rig, and to wrap a wireline around the drill pipe and pull it back to its storage position (e.g., a finger beam) until it may be desired to lower the drill pipe back into the borehole. As an example, the drilling rig may include automated drill pipe handling equipment, allowing the derrickman to control the machinery rather than handle the drill pipe manually.

[0036] As an example, tripping in and out of the borehole can refer to the actions of removing equipment from the borehole and / or running equipment into the borehole. As an example, equipment may include drill strings that can be retrieved from and / or run into or replaced in the wellbore. As an example, tripping in and out of drill pipe may be performed when the drill bit has become dull or has otherwise ceased to drill effectively and needs to be replaced.

[0037] Figure 2An example of a well site system 200 is shown (e.g., at a well site that may be located on land or at sea). As shown, the well site system 200 may include: a mud tank 201 for storing mud and other materials (e.g., where the mud may be drilling fluid); a suction line 203 serving as an inlet for a mud pump 204 for pumping mud from the mud tank 201 to a vibratory hose 206; a winch 207 for hoisting one or more drilling wire ropes 212; a riser 208 for receiving mud from the vibratory hose 206; a kelly hose 209 for receiving mud from the riser 208; one or more gooseneck pipes 210; a traveling block 211; and a crane 213 (e.g., see...). Figure 1 The overhead crane 173), which is used to carry the traveling block 211 via one or more drilling wire ropes 212; the derrick 214 (see, for example, see...) Figure 1 The derrick 172; 218 or top drive 240; 219; rotary table 220; 221; bell-shaped sub 222; one or more blowout preventers (BOPs) 223; drill string 225; drill bit 226; casing head 227; and flow pipe 228 for carrying mud and other materials to, for example, mud tank 201.

[0038] exist Figure 2 In the exemplary system, a wellbore 232 is formed in the underground formation 230 by rotary drilling; it should be noted that various exemplary embodiments may also use directional drilling.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown in the example, drill string 225 is suspended within wellbore 232 and has drill string assembly 250, which includes drill bit 226 at its lower end. As an example, drill string assembly 250 may be a bottomhole assembly (BHA).

[0040] Well site system 200 provides access to the drill string 225 and other operations. As shown, well site system 200 includes a platform 211 and a derrick 214 positioned above the wellbore 232. As mentioned, well site system 200 may include a rotary table 220 through which the drill string 225 passes.

[0041] like Figure 2As illustrated in the example, the well site system 200 may include a crisscross drill pipe 218 and associated components, or a top drive 240 and associated components. Regarding the example of the crisscross drill pipe, the crisscross drill pipe 218 may be a square or hexagonal metal / alloy rod with holes drilled to serve as a mud flow path. The crisscross drill pipe 218 can be used to transmit rotational motion from the rotary table 220 via a crisscross drill pipe insert 219 to the drill string 225, while allowing the drill string 225 to be lowered or raised during rotation. The crisscross drill pipe 218 may pass through a crisscross drill pipe insert 219 that can be driven by the rotary table 220. As an example, the rotary table 220 may include a main insert operatively coupled to the crisscross drill pipe insert 219, such that rotation of the rotary table 220 can rotate the crisscross drill pipe insert 219 and thus rotate the crisscross drill pipe 218. The square drill pipe filler 219 may include an internal profile that matches the external profile (e.g., square, hexagonal, etc.) of the square drill pipe 218; however, it has a slightly larger size, allowing the square drill pipe 218 to move freely up and down within the square drill pipe filler 219.

[0042] Regarding the example of a top drive, top drive 240 provides functionality performed by a kelly and rotary table. Top drive 240 rotates drill string 225. As an example, top drive 240 may include one or more (e.g., electric and / or hydraulic) motors connected via suitable transmissions to a short section of tubing known as a hollow shaft, which can be screwed into a protective fitting or drill string 225 itself. Top drive 240 may be suspended on traveling block 211, thus allowing the rotating mechanism to move freely up and down along derrick 214. As an example, top drive 240 may allow drilling to be performed using more individual drill strings than with a kelly / rotary table configuration.

[0043] exist Figure 2 In the example, mud tank 201 may store mud, which may be one or more types of drilling fluid. As an example, a wellbore may be drilled to extract fluids, inject fluids, or both (e.g., hydrocarbons, minerals, water, etc.).

[0044] exist Figure 2In the example, drill string 225 (e.g., including one or more downhole tools) may consist of a series of drill pipes threaded together to form a long tube, with drill bit 226 at its lower end. As drill string 225 enters the wellbore for drilling, before or at some point coinciding with drilling, mud may be pumped from mud tank 201 (e.g., or other source) via lines 206, 208, and 209 to a port of kelly 218, or, for example, to a port of top drive 240, via pump 204. The mud may then flow through channels (e.g., or multiple channels) in drill string 225 and exit from a port located on drill bit 226 (e.g., see directional arrows). As the mud exits drill string 225 via the port in drill bit 226, it may then circulate upwards through the annulus region between one or more outer surfaces of drill string 225 and one or more surrounding wellbore walls (e.g., open borehole, casing, etc.), as indicated by the directional arrows. In this way, the mud lubricates the drill bit 226 and carries thermal energy (e.g., frictional energy or other energy) and formation cuttings to the surface, where the mud (e.g., and the cuttings) can be returned to the mud tank 201 for example for recycling (e.g., by treatment to remove cuttings, etc.).

[0045] The mud pumped into the drill string 225 by pump 204 forms a mud cake lining the wellbore after leaving the drill string 225. This mud cake significantly reduces friction between the drill string 225 and one or more surrounding wellbore walls (e.g., wellbore, casing, etc.). This reduction in friction facilitates the advance or retraction of the drill string 225. During drilling operations, the entire drill string 225 can be retrieved from the wellbore and optionally replaced, for example, with a new or sharper drill bit, a smaller diameter drill string, etc. As mentioned, the act of retrieving the drill string from the wellbore or replacing it within the wellbore is called tripping. Depending on the direction of tripping, tripping can be referred to as tripping up or tripping out, or tripping down or tripping in.

[0046] As an example, consider drilling downwards, where, as the drill bit 226 of the drill string 225 reaches the bottom of the wellbore, the pumping of mud begins to lubricate the drill bit 226 for drilling to enlarge the wellbore. As mentioned, mud can be pumped into the channels of the drill string 225 via pump 204, and while filling the channels, the mud can be used as a medium for transmitting energy (e.g., energy that can encode information, as in mud pulse telemetry).

[0047] Mud pulse telemetry equipment may include downhole devices configured to realize pressure changes in the mud to generate one or more acoustic waves that can be used to modulate information. In this example, information from downhole equipment (e.g., one or more modules of drill string 225) can be transmitted up the wellbore to a wellhead device, which can relay this information to other equipment for processing, control, etc.

[0048] Telemetry equipment can operate by transmitting energy via the drill string 225 itself. For example, consider a signal generator that transmits an encoded energy signal to the drill string 225, and a repeater that can receive and relay this energy for further transmission of the encoded energy signal (e.g., information).

[0049] Drill string 225 may be fitted with telemetry equipment 252, which includes: a rotatable drive shaft; a turbine impeller mechanically coupled to the drive shaft such that mud can cause the turbine impeller to rotate; a modulator rotor mechanically coupled to the drive shaft such that rotation of the turbine impeller causes rotation of the modulator rotor; a modulator stator mounted adjacent to or near the modulator rotor such that rotation of the modulator rotor relative to the modulator stator generates pressure pulses in the mud; and a controllable brake for selectively braking the rotation of the modulator rotor to modulate the pressure pulses. In this example, an alternator may be coupled to the aforementioned drive shaft, wherein the alternator includes at least one stator winding electrically coupled to a control circuit to selectively short-circuit the at least one stator winding to electromagnetically brake the alternator, thereby selectively braking the rotation of the modulator rotor to modulate the pressure pulses in the mud.

[0050] exist Figure 2 In one example, the wellhead control and / or data acquisition system 262 may include circuitry for sensing pressure pulses generated by the telemetry equipment 252 and, for example, transmitting the sensed pressure pulses or information derived therefrom for processing, control, etc.

[0051] The component 250 shown in the example includes a logging-while-drilling (LWD) module 254, a measurement-while-drilling (MWD) module 256, an optional module 258, a rotary steering system and a motor 260, and a drill bit 226.

[0052] LWD module 254 can be housed in a suitable type of drill collar and may contain one or more logging tools of the selected type. It should also be understood that more than one LWD and / or MWD module may be used, for example, as represented by module 256 of drill string assembly 250. When referring to the location of an LWD module, by way of example, it may refer to the module at the location of LWD module 254, module 256, etc. An LWD module may include the ability to measure, process, and store information, as well as the ability to communicate with surface equipment. In the example shown, LWD module 254 may include a seismic measuring device.

[0053] MWD module 256 may be housed in a suitable type of drill collar and may include one or more devices for measuring the characteristics of drill string 225 and drill bit 226. As an example, MWD tool 254 may include equipment for generating electricity, for example, to power various components of drill string 225. As an example, MWD tool 254 may include telemetry equipment 252, for example, where a turbine impeller generates electricity via the flow of mud; it should be understood that other electrical and / or battery systems may be used to power various components. As an example, MWD module 256 may include one or more measuring devices of the following types: drill pressure measuring device, torque measuring device, vibration measuring device, impact measuring device, stick-slip measuring device, direction measuring device, and inclination measuring device.

[0054] Figure 2 Some examples of drillable wellbore types are also shown. For example, consider deviated wellbore 272, S-shaped wellbore 274, deeply inclined wellbore 276, and horizontal wellbore 278.

[0055] As an example, drilling operations may include directional drilling, where, for example, at least a portion of the well includes a curved axis. For instance, consider a radius defining the curvature, where the inclination relative to the vertical direction can vary up to an angle between about 30 degrees and about 60 degrees, or, for example, an angle of about 90 degrees or possibly greater than about 90 degrees.

[0056] As an example, directional wells may include various shapes, each designed to meet specific operational requirements. As an example, drilling procedures may be performed based on information transmitted to the drilling engineer and once that information has been transmitted. As an example, inclination and / or direction may be modified based on information received during the drilling process.

[0057] As an example, borehole deflection can be achieved in part by using downhole motors and / or turbines. Regarding motors, for example, the drill string can include a positive displacement motor (PDM).

[0058] As an example, the system can be a guidance system and include equipment for performing methods such as geological guidance. As an example, the guidance system may include a PDM or turbine located at the bottom of the drill string, just above the drill bit, with a bendable joint for mounting. As an example, above the PDM may be: MWD equipment that provides real-time or near-real-time data of interest (e.g., inclination, direction, pressure, temperature, actual weight on the drill bit, torque stress, etc.); and / or LWD equipment. Regarding the latter, LWD equipment can transmit various types of data of interest to the surface, including, for example, geological data (e.g., gamma-ray logging, resistivity, density, and sonic logging, etc.).

[0059] Coupled with sensors that provide real-time or near-real-time information about the well trajectory process to one or more logging devices, such as those characterizing formations from a geological perspective, geological steering methods can be implemented. These methods may include navigating the subsurface environment, for example, to follow a desired route to one or more desired targets.

[0060] As an example, a drill string may include: an azimuth density neutron (AND) tool for measuring density and porosity; a MWD tool for measuring tilt, azimuth, and impact; a compensated dual resistivity (CDR) tool for measuring resistivity and gamma-ray related phenomena; one or more variable diameter stabilizers; one or more bend joints; and a geological guidance tool that may include a motor and (optionally) equipment for measuring one or more of the tilt, resistivity, and gamma-ray related phenomena and / or responding to them.

[0061] As an example, geological steering may include intentional directional control of the wellbore based on downhole geological logging measurements in a manner intended to keep the directional wellbore within a desired area, zone (e.g., oil-producing layer). As an example, geological steering may include guiding the wellbore to keep it within a specific section of the reservoir, for example, to minimize gas and / or water breakthroughs, and for example, to maximize economic production from the well including the wellbore.

[0062] Refer again Figure 2 The well site system 200 may include one or more sensors 264, which are operatively coupled to a control and / or data acquisition system 262. As an example, the one or more sensors may be located at a surface location. As an example, the one or more sensors may be located at a downhole location. As an example, the one or more sensors may be located at one or more remote locations within approximately one hundred meters of the well site system 200. As an example, the one or more sensors may be located at a compensation well site, wherein the well site system 200 and the compensation well site are located in a common oil and gas field (e.g., an oil field and / or a gas field).

[0063] As an example, one or more sensors 264 may be provided to track the movement of the drill pipe, at least a portion of the drill string, etc.

[0064] As an example, system 200 may include one or more sensors 266 that can sense signals and / or transmit signals to fluid conduits, such as drilling fluid conduits (e.g., drilling mud conduits). For example, in system 200, the one or more sensors 266 are operatively coupled to a portion of riser 208 through which mud flows. As an example, a downhole tool may generate pulses that can pass through the mud and be sensed by one or more of the one or more sensors 266. In this example, the downhole tool may include associated circuitry, such as, for example, coded circuitry that can encode signals, for example, to reduce transmission requirements. As an example, surface-based circuitry may include decoding circuitry to decode encoded information transmitted at least partially via mud pulse telemetry. As an example, surface-based circuitry may include encoder circuitry and / or decoder circuitry, and downhole circuitry may include encoder circuitry and / or decoder circuitry. As an example, system 200 may include a transmitter that can generate signals that can be transmitted downhole via mud (e.g., drilling fluid) as a transmission medium.

[0065] As an example, one or more portions of the drill string may become stuck. The term "stuck" can refer to one or more different degrees of inability to move or remove the drill string from the borehole. As an example, in a stuck state, it may be possible to rotate the drill string or lower it back into the borehole, or, for example, in a stuck state, it may be impossible to move the drill string axially in the borehole, but some degree of rotation is possible. As an example, in a stuck state, it may be impossible to move at least a portion of the drill string both axially and rotationally.

[0066] The term "stuck" refers to a portion of the drill string that cannot be rotated or moved axially. As an example, a condition known as "differential stuck" can be a situation where the drill string cannot move along the axis of the borehole (e.g., rotate or reciprocate). Differential stuck can occur when high contact forces, caused by low reservoir pressure, high wellbore pressure, or both, are applied over a sufficiently large area of ​​the drill string. Differential stuck can have both time and economic costs.

[0067] As an example, stuck pipe force can be the product of the pressure differential between the wellbore and the reservoir and the area over which that pressure differential acts. This means that applying a relatively low pressure differential (Δp) over a large working area can have the same effect on stuck pipe as applying a high pressure differential over a small area.

[0068] As an example, a condition referred to as "mechanical stuck" can be a situation in which the movement of the drill string is restricted or prevented by a mechanism other than differential pressure stuck. For example, mechanical stuck can be caused by one or more of the following: debris in the wellbore, abnormal wellbore geometry, cement, keyway, or cuttings accumulation in the annulus.

[0069] Figure 3An example of system 300 is shown, which includes various equipment for evaluation 310, planning 320, engineering design 330, and operation 340. For example, a drilling workflow framework 301, a seismic-to-simulation framework 302, a technical data framework 303, and a drilling framework 304 may be implemented to perform one or more processes, such as evaluating formation 314, evaluating processes 318, generating trajectories 324, validating trajectories 328, establishing constraints 334, designing equipment and / or processes 338 based at least in part on constraints, performing drilling 344, and evaluating drilling and / or formations 348.

[0070] exist Figure 3 In the example, the earthquake to the simulated frame 302 can be, for example... The framework (Schlumberger Inc., Houston, Texas), and Technical Data Framework 303 can be, for example... Frame (Schlumberger Ltd., Houston, Texas).

[0071] As an example, the framework may include entities, which may include earth entities, geological objects, or other objects such as wells, surfaces, reservoirs, etc. Entities may include virtual representations of actual physical entities reconstructed for one or more purposes such as assessment, planning, engineering design, operation, etc.

[0072] Entities may include those based on data acquired through sensing, observation, etc. (e.g., seismic data and / or other information). An entity may be characterized by one or more attributes (e.g., a geometric strut mesh entity of an Earth model may be characterized by a porosity attribute). Such attributes may represent one or more measurements (e.g., acquired data), calculations, etc.

[0073] A framework can be an object-based framework. In such a framework, entities can include entities based on predefined classes, for example, to facilitate modeling, analysis, simulation, etc. A commercial example of an object-based framework is MICROSOFT. TM .NET TM The framework (Redmond, Washington) provides a set of extensible object classes. In .NET... TM Within the framework, object classes encapsulate modules of reusable code and associated data structures. Object classes can be used to instantiate object instances for use by programs, scripts, etc. For example, a borehole class can define an object representing a borehole based on well data.

[0074] As an example, the framework may include analysis components that allow interaction with the model or model-based results (e.g., simulation results). Regarding simulation, the framework may operatively link to or include simulators, such as... Reservoir Simulator (Schlumberger Ltd., Houston, Texas) Reservoir simulator (Schlumberger Ltd., Houston, Texas), etc.

[0075] The above The framework provides components that allow for the optimization of exploration and development operations. The framework includes a seismic-to-simulation software component that outputs information to improve reservoir performance, for example, by enhancing the productivity of asset teams. By using this framework, various professionals (e.g., geophysicists, geologists, well engineers, reservoir engineers, etc.) can develop collaborative workflows and integrate operations to streamline processes. This framework can be considered an application and also a data-driven application (e.g., in cases where data is input for modeling, simulation, etc.).

[0076] As an example, one or more frameworks can be interoperable and / or run on one or the other. As an example, consider a product named... The framework environment (Schlumberger Inc., Houston, Texas) is a commercially available framework environment that allows the integration of add-ons (or plug-ins) into... In the framework workflow. The framework environment utilizes .NET TM The tool (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington) provides a stable, user-friendly interface for efficient development. In an exemplary implementation, various components can be implemented as add-ons (or plug-ins) that conform to the specifications of the framework environment and operate according to said specifications (e.g., according to the Application Programming Interface (API) specification, etc.).

[0077] As an example, a framework may include a model simulation layer, a framework service layer, a framework core layer, and module layers. The framework may include commercially available... The framework, in which the model simulation layer may include or operationally link to the hosting Commercially available framework applications A model-centric software package. In an exemplary implementation, Software can be considered a data-driven application. The software may include a framework for model building and visualization. Such a model may include one or more meshes.

[0078] As an example, the model simulation layer can provide domain objects, act as a data source, provide rendering, and provide various user interfaces. Rendering provides a graphical environment where applications can display their data, while the user interface provides a common look and feel for the application's user interface components.

[0079] As an example, domain objects can include entity objects, attribute objects, and optional other objects. Entity objects can be used to geometrically represent wells, surfaces, reservoirs, etc., while attribute objects can be used to provide attribute values ​​as well as data versioning and display parameters. For example, an entity object can represent a well, where attribute objects provide logging information as well as versioning and display information (e.g., to display the well as part of the model).

[0080] As an example, data can be stored in one or more data sources (or data storage devices, typically physical data storage devices), which may be located at the same or different physical sites and accessible via one or more networks. As an example, a model simulation layer can be configured to model a project. In this way, a specific project can be stored, where the stored project information may include inputs, models, results, and cases. Therefore, the user can save the project upon completion of the modeling session. Later, the project can be accessed and restored using the model simulation layer, which can recreate instances of the relevant domain objects.

[0081] As an example, system 300 can be used to execute one or more workflows. A workflow can be a process that includes multiple work steps. Work steps can manipulate data, for example, to create new data, to update existing data, etc. As an example, a workflow can, for instance, operate on one or more inputs based on one or more algorithms and create one or more results. As an example, the system may include a workflow editor for creating, editing, and executing workflows. In this example, the workflow editor can provide selection of one or more predefined work steps, one or more custom work steps, etc. As an example, a workflow can be... The software includes at least partially implementable workflows, for example, workflows that operate on seismic data, one or more seismic features, etc.

[0082] As an example, seismic data can be acquired via seismic surveys, where the source and receiver are located in the geological environment to emit and receive seismic energy, wherein at least a portion of this energy can be reflected away from subsurface structures. As an example, one or more seismic data analysis frameworks can be utilized (e.g., consider those sold by Schlumberger Ltd., Houston, Texas). A seismic data analysis framework can be used to determine the depth, extent, properties, etc., of subsurface structures. As an example, seismic data analysis may include forward modeling and / or inversion, for instance, to iteratively build a model of the subsurface region of a geological environment. As another example, a seismic data analysis framework could be a seismic-to-simulation framework (e.g., A portion or operationally coupled to the earthquake simulation frame (such as a frame) is attached to the simulated frame.

[0083] As an example, a workflow could be in A process that is at least partially achievable within the framework. As an example, a workflow may include one or more work steps that access modules such as plugins (e.g., external executable code).

[0084] As an example, the framework can provide modeling for oil and gas systems. For example, the product name is... The commercial modeling framework from Schlumberger Inc. in Houston, Texas includes features for inputting various types of information (e.g., seismic, well, geological, etc.) to model the evolution of sedimentary basins. The framework provides hydrocarbon system modeling by taking in various data, such as seismic data, well data, and other geological data, for example, by modeling the evolution of sedimentary basins. The framework can predict whether and how a reservoir is already filled with hydrocarbons, including factors such as the source and timing of hydrocarbon formation, migration routes, quantities, pore pressures, and the type of hydrocarbons present in subsurface or surface conditions. This can be combined with factors such as... Frameworks, such as those for basin-scale exploration, can be used to build workflows to provide exploration solutions ranging from basin to prospective scale. Data exchange between frameworks facilitates model building and data analysis (e.g., using...). Framework capability analysis The coupling of framework data and workflow.

[0085] As mentioned, the drill string can include a variety of tools capable of measurement. As an example, measurements can be performed using a cable tool or another type of tool. As an example, the tool can be configured to acquire electrical wellbore images. As an example, a full-bore formation micro-imager (FMI) tool (Schlumberger Ltd., Houston, Texas) can acquire wellbore image data. A data acquisition sequence for such a tool may include: running the tool into the wellbore with the acquisition pad closed; opening the pad and pressing it against the wellbore wall; delivering current to the material defining the wellbore while translating the tool within the wellbore; and remotely sensing the current changing through interaction with the material.

[0086] Analysis of stratigraphic information can reveal features such as, for example, caverns, dissolution planes (e.g., dissolution along bedding planes), stress-related characteristics, and subsidence events. As an example, tools can acquire information that may help characterize reservoirs (optionally, fractured reservoirs), where fractures can be natural and / or artificial (e.g., hydraulic fractures). As an example, tools such as... Frameworks are used to analyze information collected by one or more tools. As an example, The framework can be used with one or more other frameworks (such as, for example, (Framework) interoperability.

[0087] Figure 4An example of a system 400 is shown, comprising a client layer 410, an application layer 440, and a storage layer 460. As shown, the client layer 410 can communicate with the application layer 440, and the application layer 440 can communicate with the storage layer 460.

[0088] The client layer 410 may include features that allow access and interaction via one or more private networks 412, one or more mobile platforms and / or mobile networks 414, and via a “cloud” 416, which may be considered to include distributed equipment that forms a network (such as a network of networks).

[0089] exist Figure 4 In the example, application layer 440 includes, as referenced... Figure 3 The example mentioned is the drilling workflow framework 301. The application layer 440 also includes a database management component 442, which includes one or more search engine modules.

[0090] As an example, database management component 442 may include one or more search engine modules that provide searching for one or more pieces of information that can be stored in one or more data repositories. As an example, STUDIO E&P... TM Knowledge Environment (Schlumberger Ltd., Houston, Texas) includes STUDIO FIND TM The search function provides a search engine. STUDIO FIND TM The search function also provides indexing of content, for example, to create one or more indexes. As an example, the search function can provide access to public content, private content, or both, which may reside in one or more databases, and may be optionally distributed and accessed via an intranet, the internet, or one or more other networks. As an example, the search engine can be configured to apply one or more filters from one or more sets of filters, for example, to allow users to filter out data that may not be of interest.

[0091] As an example, the framework can provide features associated with search engines, such as STUDIO FIND. TMThe framework can provide interactive features for the search function. As an example, the framework may provide implementations of one or more spatial filters (e.g., based on the area viewed on the display, static data, etc.). As an example, the search may provide access to dynamic data (e.g., "real-time" data from one or more sources), which may be obtained via one or more networks (e.g., wired, wireless, etc.). As an example, one or more modules may be optionally implemented within the framework, or implemented, for example, in a manner operatively coupled to the framework (e.g., as add-ons, plugins, etc.). As an example, modules for structuring search results (e.g., in lists, hierarchical tree structures, etc.) may be optionally implemented within the framework, or implemented, for example, in a manner operatively coupled to the framework (e.g., as add-ons, plugins, etc.).

[0092] exist Figure 4 In the example, application layer 440 may include communication with one or more resources, such as, for example, seismic to simulation frame 302, drilling frame 304, and / or one or more sites (which may be or include one or more compensation well sites). As an example, application layer 440 may be implemented for a specific well site, where information may be processed as part of a workflow for operations (such as, for example, operations performed, being performed, and / or to be performed at a specific well site). As an example, the operation may involve, for example, directional drilling via geosteering.

[0093] exist Figure 4 In the example, storage layer 460 may include various types of data, information, etc., that can be stored in one or more databases 462. As an example, one or more servers 464 may provide management, access, etc., of the data, information, etc., stored in one or more databases 462. As an example, module 442 may provide searching of the data, information, etc., stored in one or more databases 462.

[0094] As an example, module 442 may include features for indexing, etc. As an example, information may be indexed at least partially relative to the well site. For example, in the case of implementing application layer 440 to execute one or more workflows associated with a specific well site, data, information, etc., associated with that specific well site may be indexed at least partially based on the well site as an indexing parameter (e.g., a search parameter).

[0095] As an example, Figure 4 System 400 can be implemented to perform with Figure 3 The system 300 is associated with one or more parts of one or more workflows. For example, a drilling workflow framework 301 may interact with a technical data framework 303 and a drilling framework 304 before, during, and / or after performing one or more drilling operations. In this example, one or more types of equipment may be used (e.g., see...). Figure 1 and Figure 2 Equipment) in geological environments (e.g., see Figure 1 One or more drilling operations are performed in environment 150.

[0096] An introduction to the methods used to generate modified drilling plans.

[0097] Figure 5 A simplified flowchart of a method 500 for creating a modified drilling plan (e.g., for drilling) according to one embodiment is shown, specifically including generating a modified drilling plan specifying drilling activities. Method 500 may include receiving an initial drilling plan that includes drilling activities for drilling a main well, as shown at 502. This is a base drilling plan, which may be determined based on past experience, other drilling plans for similar wells, etc. However, as mentioned above, despite the initial effort to provide a complete drilling plan, the initial drilling plan may contain missing elements, which, if not filled in, may require the drilling operator to improvise.

[0098] Therefore, method 500 can continue to obtain the compensation well drilling activity log, as shown at 504. Many procedures exist for locating relevant compensation wells with drilling activity from a library of compensation well data, and any such procedure can be employed. For example, compensation well drilling activity logs can be selected based on wellbore geometry or trajectory, formation similarity, location proximity, etc.

[0099] A drilling activity distribution tree can be constructed using information collected from compensation well logging, as shown at position 506. This tree can be a statistical framework based on recurring activity patterns identified in the compensation well drilling activity log. The tree can establish the probability of subsequent activities being invoked based on the execution of past activities (i.e., the conditional probability of subsequent activities taking into account past activities). Therefore, the tree can be used to: determine whether one or more activities might be missing from the activity sequence in the initial drilling plan, determine what the missing activities might be, and add them to the drilling plan.

[0100] Thus, method 500 can use a drilling activity distribution tree to generate a modified drilling plan, as shown at 508. That is, method 500 can modify the initial drilling plan by filling the sequence of activities between specified activities in the initial drilling plan using the tree, based on historical activity patterns in the compensation well drilling plan. In at least some embodiments, the modified drilling plan can then be used to drill a well.

[0101] Structure of Drilling Activity Distribution Tree

[0102] Figure 6A schematic diagram of a drilling activity distribution tree 600 according to one embodiment is shown. The construction of tree 600 will be discussed below. The elements of the constructed tree 600 include a root node 602, leaf nodes 604, and nodes 606 connecting the root node 602 to the leaf nodes 606. Nodes 606 can be arranged in parent-child relationships. For example, node 606-1 has two child nodes (606-2, 606-3), and is therefore referred to herein as the "parent node" of child nodes 606-2, 606-3, while node 606-2 has a single child node 606-4, and is therefore the parent node of child node 606-4. Root node 602 has no parent node, and leaf node 604 has no child nodes. Therefore, the parent-child relationships including node 606 define the paths to the corresponding leaf nodes 604, as is known in the field of data structures.

[0103] Figure 7 An example of node 700 according to one embodiment is shown. Nodes 602, 604, and 606 may each include components and / or other components of node 700 as described herein. Node 700 may include data representing activity 702, which may be an activity associated with node 700 in a drilling plan. In the special case of root node 602, activity 702 may be empty because root node 602 ( Figure 6 (This may not be associated with the event.)

[0104] Node 700 may also include three values ​​associated with the probability of node 700 appearing in a specific sequence: frequency 704, total number of child nodes 706, and probability 708. Frequency 704 can be the number of times node 700 is encountered when building the tree using the compensating well log. For example, frequency 704 could be an incrementing counter when activity 702 is encountered in a sequence in which node 700 is part. For example, see again... Figure 6 Node 606-1 has a frequency of 704 with a value of 4. Therefore, when tree 600 is constructed, node 606-1 is encountered four times (i.e., the path from root node 602 to node 604-1 is traversed).

[0105] Refer again Figure 7 The total number of child nodes, 706, stores the number of times node 700 is reached, and does not represent the last activity in the sequence. Therefore, for node 606-1, node 606-1 is reached four times (frequency = 4), and is not the last node (total number of child nodes = 3) three times. Thus, it should be understood that the "total number of child nodes" does not refer to the total number of nodes traced back to root 602 via node 700; in the example of node 606-1, the total number of child nodes is two, not three.

[0106] The probability 708 is the frequency 704 divided by the total number of child nodes of node 700's parent node (not node 700 itself), which is 706. Therefore, refer again... Figure 6 For example, node 606-1 has a 25% probability because its frequency is four and its parent node (root node 602) has a total of 16 child nodes (4 / 16 = 25%). In contrast, node 606-2 has a 33.3% probability because its frequency is one and its parent node (node ​​606-1) has a total of three child nodes (1 / 3 = 33.3%). It should be noted that these are conditional probabilities. For instance, assuming node 606-1 is reached and it is not the last node in the sequence, the probability of node 606-2 represents the probability that node 606-2 follows node 606-1.

[0107] Constructing a drilling activity distribution tree

[0108] An example of the basic structure of the drilling activity distribution tree has already been discussed; now refer to Figure 8 Describing an exemplary tree construction process, the diagram illustrates a flowchart of procedure 800 for constructing a drilling activity distribution tree (such as tree 600) according to one embodiment. As described above, tree 600 may be constructed based on a compensation drilling activity log; therefore, procedure 800 may begin with or otherwise include the selection of a compensation well drilling plan, as at 802. The compensation well plan may specify the activities performed and the order in which they were performed. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, many different types of drilling operations may be specified. For illustrative purposes, two simple examples of drilling plans are presented below:

[0109] Compensation Drilling Activity Log #1: [Act1, Act2, Act3, Act4, Act1, Act2, Act3, Act4]

[0110] Compensation Drilling Activity Log #2: [Act2, Act3, Act4, Act5, Act3, Act4, Act5, Act6]

[0111] To construct tree 600, the compensated well activity sequence log is parsed into segments, for example, using a sliding window of a specified size, as shown at 804. In one example, the window size is four activities wide, but any suitable length can be chosen, for example, by the user. After each segment is selected, the window moves one space to the right until the window is empty. Thus, the first segment is the first four activities of log #1, the second segment is the second through fifth activities of log #1, and so on. As the window continues to slide, it eventually contains empty elements after the end of the drilling activity log. The result is shorter segments until the window is empty. The segments formed by compensated drilling activity logs #1 and #2 are as follows:

[0112] Segment Number Fragment sequence 1 Act1, Act2, Act3, Act4 2 Act2, Act3, Act4, Act5 3 Act3, Act4, Act1, Act2 4 Act4, Act1, Act2, Act3 5 Act1, Act2, Act3, Act4 6 Act2, Act3, Act4 7 Act 3, Act 4 8 Act4 9 Act2, Act3, Act4, Act5 10 Act3, Act4, Act5, Act3 11 Act4, Act5, Act3, Act4 12 Act5, Act3, Act4, Act5 13 Act3, Act4, Act5, Act6 14 Act4, Act5, Act6 15 Act5, Act6 16 Act 6

[0113] Then, nodes are extracted from the fragment and used to build the tree, as shown at position 806. For example, the fragment from the example above could produce tree 600. To help understand how tree 600 is constructed, in Figure 9 Part of tree 900 is shown. Tree 900 represents the first four segments (note the total number of child nodes of the root node 902).

[0114] As described above, each node 700 is associated with an activity, more specifically, with an activity that appears in a particular sequence within a fragment. Therefore, the nodes 904 of the tree 900 are populated with the activities in which they appear in the sequence, using the root node 902, which is not associated with any activity, as a common starting point.

[0115] For example, for segment 1 in the table above, the first activity is Act1, so a new node 904-1 is associated with Act1 and becomes a child node of the root node 902 (the line from the root node 902 to node 904-1 indicates the parent-child relationship). The next activity in segment 1 is Act2, so a new node 904-2 associated with Act2 is added to tree 900 as a child node of node 904-1, and so on for the remaining activities of the segment. Each new segment starts again at the root node 902. It should be noted that for the first four sequences, since none of them share the first activity, each segment follows a different path from the root node 902 to a separate leaf node 906 from node 904. Thus, each node 904 (except the root node 902) has a frequency of one, because the sequences do not repeat any of the same paths.

[0116] Now for reference Figure 10 Segments 5-8 are used to further construct tree 900, and since each segment at least partially follows one of the established paths from root node 902 to leaf node 906, the frequency of node 904 is updated accordingly, but no new nodes are added. It should be noted that the frequency of node 904 on various paths no longer matches the total number of its child nodes. For example, segment 8 has only a single activity: Act4. Therefore, this segment is stored in the tree as root node 902 and nodes 904-5. From the previous segments, node 904-5 is part of a longer path, but segment 8 does not include the remaining activities of that sequence. Therefore, the frequency of node 904-5 increases, but not according to the total number of its child nodes, nor the frequency of its child nodes, grandchild nodes, etc.

[0117] Now for reference Figure 11Fragment 9 is added to tree 900. Fragment 9 follows the established paths from root node 902 to nodes 904-6 to 904-8 associated with Act2, Act3, and Act4 respectively, but fragment 9 does not end at Act4, nor does it follow the established path to leaf node 904-9 associated with Act1. Instead, it forms a new subsequence, generating a second child node from node 904-8 associated with Act4, which leads to leaf node 904-10 associated with Act5.

[0118] The tree-building process continues on the remaining segments, producing... Figure 6 Tree 600. Once the tree is complete (or possibly during the construction phase), the conditional probabilities of nodes 604 and 606 can be calculated. As mentioned above, the conditional probability of the main node is the frequency of the main node divided by the total number of child nodes of the node that is the parent node of the main node.

[0119] Applying drilling activity distribution trees to drilling planning

[0120] After the tree is constructed, it can then be applied to the initial drilling plan to fill in any missed drilling activities between consecutive activities in the initial drilling plan using the conditional probabilities of nodes in the sequence represented as in the tree. Figure 12 A simplified flowchart of program 1200 of application tree 600 according to one implementation scheme is shown.

[0121] Procedure 1200 may begin or otherwise include selecting the principal activity of the initial drilling plan, as at 1202. Procedure 1200 may then include selecting a sequence of prior activities from the current proposal that precede the principal activity, for example, the prior activity may immediately precede the principal activity in the initial drilling plan and may represent the last member of the current proposal, as at 1204. Procedure 1200 may then include using tree 600 to find a sequence of zero or more activities between the prior activities and the principal activity based on conditional probabilities, as at 1206. Typically, this is an application of tree 600. Thus, procedure 1200 considers the sequence of proposed activities (e.g., within the window size established above) and, for each sequence within the current proposal, determines a path from the prior activity to the principal activity in tree 600. Procedure 1200 then selects one of these paths, such as the most probable path. In the case of two or more paths having the same probability, a tie-breaker (such as path length or time when identifying subpatterns) may be used to select a path.

[0122] Once a path is selected, the activities represented by that path can be added to the current recommendation, and can occur after the preceding activities but before the main activities (the main activities can also be added to the current recommendation), as at point 1208. The current recommendation can also be used to enhance the initial drilling plan and generate a modified drilling plan.

[0123] When a next available principal activity exists, procedure 1200 may loop back to select the next principal activity and iterate through work steps 1202-1208 to identify possible sub-patterns and fill in any missing activities. Once the drilling plan is established, it can be used as a working drilling plan, from which wells can be drilled, as at 1210.

[0124] Figure 13 A more detailed view of a program 1300 for applying tree 600 according to one embodiment is shown. Program 1300 may have three inputs: tree 1300, current recommendations 1302, and initial drilling plan 1304. As shown at 1306, current recommendations 1302 is a collection of one or more recommendation sequences. In the case of providing two or more recommendation sequences, the sequences have different lengths, for example, between 0 and the window size used to generate the fragments for building the tree. The recommendation sequences are in the "prior" activity (A i-1 The activity terminates at point ), which predates "main" activity A in the original sequence provided by the initial drilling plan. i Therefore, procedure 1300 is intended to select the prior activity A. i-1 With main activity A i Possible sequences between them.

[0125] Therefore, the i-th activity A can be selected from the initial plan 1304. i (Where i represents the number of iterations currently running in program 1300), as shown at 1308. Then tree 600 is applied to determine the prior activity A. i-1 With main activity A i Possible sequences between them. If in activity A i-1 and A i (represented as activity (B) j1 B j2 ,…,B ji If any activities are omitted or suggested, modify the drilling plan at 1312; otherwise, do not modify the drilling plan.

[0126] Program 1300 can then increment i at 1314, and by selecting the next main activity A i The sequence can be restarted by specifying the next currently recommended sequence, etc. The current recommendation can be updated, for example, to take into account the modification made at 1312.

[0127] Therefore, by applying tree 600, one or more new drilling activities (B) j1 B j2 ,…B ji It can be inserted into the prior active A. i-1 With main activity A i In between, this analysis / insertion can be performed on one, some, or all of the activities in the initial drilling plan. These new drilling activities can be added to the initial drilling plan to produce a modified drilling plan.

[0128] Figure 14 A more detailed flowchart of a program 1400 for an application tree 600 according to one embodiment is provided. This embodiment of program 1400 will be further aided by... Figure 6 To illustrate, the diagram illustrates tree 600 as described above. In this example, the initial drilling planning settings are as follows:

[0129] Initial drilling plan: Act3, Act4, Act3, ActX, Act5

[0130] The current recommendation was also used. In the initial case, the current recommendation was empty.

[0131] Refer again Figure 14 The variable i is initialized to 1, as at position 1402. Next, the main activity A is selected from the initial drilling plan. i For example, at position 1404. In this case, A i =A1=Act3. The variable j is also initialized to reference the first activity of the current proposal, as at 1406. Then A is selected from the current proposal. j To A i-1 The sequence, such as at 1408. In this case, the current proposal is empty, therefore sequence A. i To A i-1 It is also empty.

[0132] Therefore, taking into account the selected sequence from the currently proposed sequence, the procedure determines the prior activity A. i-1 (The last element of the current recommendation) and (the main activity A of the initial drilling plan) i Possible sequences between these points, such as at 1410. (See reference.) Figure 6In the initial case, procedure 1400 therefore searches for any missed activities that might occur before the first activity A1 (Act3) in the initial drilling plan (i.e., between root node 602 and the node associated with Act3). In this example, node 610-1 is associated with Act3 and is a direct child of root node 602 with a conditional probability of 25%. There are other longer paths from root node 602 to nodes also associated with Act3; however, they each have a lower probability than the path from root 602 to node 610-1. For example, another path to Act3 is root 602, node 610-2, node 610-3, but this sequence has a probability of 12.5% ​​(probability of node 610-2 * probability of node 610-3 = 12.5% ​​* 100%). Therefore, the most probable path between root 602 and the node associated with Act3 proceeds directly to node 610-1. Thus, in the prior activity A... i-1 With main activity A i The possible activity sequences between them are empty.

[0133] Program 1400 then determines whether there are any additional sequences to consider in the current proposal (formally, whether j is less than i-1 in the current proposal), as at 1412. In this case, j and i are equal, so the answer is no, and no more sequences need to be considered. Therefore, program 1400 exits the initial loop and moves to compare the conditional probabilities of possible sequences, as at 1414. In this case, a single possible sequence is identified (the initial loop did not iterate a second time, which will be the case later), so there is no comparison to be made at 1414. Thus, a single possible sequence is selected, as at 1416. Then, at 1418, the sequence is "added" to the current proposal. Because the sequence is empty, the main activity A... i It has been added to the current recommendations.

[0134] Next, in some implementations, program 1400 may move the currently suggested window, such as at 1420. Specifically, the currently suggested window may be associated with the window of the segment used to construct the tree, or it may be the maximum depth of tree 600. Recall the discussion of constructing tree 600, in this example the segment window size is four. The current suggestion is Act3, so its length is one element. Therefore, the window may not be moved at 1420, and this working step can be bypassed. Program 1400 moves to 1422, where i is incremented by one to the value two.

[0135] Return to box 1404, main activity A iThis is now the second activity A2 in the initial drilling plan. From the initial drilling plan example above, the second activity A2 is Act4. The variable j is set to reference the first element of the current proposal (j = 1 in this case), as at position 1406. Next, A is selected from the current proposal. j To A i-1 The sequence is as follows. In the current proposal, A1 = Act3, as previously established. Therefore, the sequence to be considered in the current proposal is Act3. Next, procedure 1400 determines the possible paths between the node associated with the prior activity A1 (in the current proposal) and the node associated with the main activity A2 (in the initial drilling plan) (in this example, between Act3 and Act4).

[0136] Refer again Figure 6 The analysis begins at the node associated with the first activity of the currently proposed sequence, which in this case is also the last and prior activity of the currently proposed sequence, i.e., Act3. In tree 600, this means the analysis begins at node 610-1. Procedure 1400 searches for the most probable path from node 610-1 to the node associated with Act4. In this case, node 610-4 is associated with Act4 and has a 100% conditional probability (taking into account the choice of node 610-1). There is no other path in tree 600 from root 602 to Act3 (assuming nothing precedes Act3 as previously established) to Act4, therefore A i-1 With A i The possible sequences between them are again empty. The rest of program 1400 follows the path described above, where the current recommendation is now Act3, Act4.

[0137] Then, at 1422, the value of i is incremented, and the program returns to block 1404. Variable i = 3, and A3 in the initial drilling plan is Act3. Variable j is reset to the first element of the current proposal (j = 1), and a sequence selected from the current proposal is Act3, Act4. Next, at 1410, program 1400 determines the last activity in the current proposal (which is also the prior activity in the initial drilling plan), A. i-1 (Act4) and A in the initial drilling plan i Possible sequences between (Act3).

[0138] Refer again Figure 6Considering the current recommendation to choose Act3 and Act4, where there is nothing before Act3 and nothing between Act3 and Act4, node 610-4 is the starting point for the analysis. The paths from node 610-4 to the node associated with Act3 are nodes 610-5 and 610-6. The conditional probability of this path is 33% (probability of node 610-5 x probability of node 610-6 = 66.7% x 50%). No other paths are available starting from node 610-4 and ending at the node associated with Act3; therefore, sequences Act3 and Act5 are identified.

[0139] Refer again Figure 14 Procedure 1400 determines whether there are any additional sequences in the current proposal to consider (e.g., whether j is less than the end of the current proposal, e.g., i-1). In this case, j = 1 and i = 3; therefore, the answer is yes. Then, the variable j is incremented to 2, while i remains at 3. This allows for the evaluation of a second sequence in the current proposal that still terminates at the prior activity A. i-1 Therefore, the second sequence differs from the first sequence in that it begins with a different activity (the currently proposed second activity, rather than its first activity).

[0140] Returning to box 1408, program 1400 selects A2 from the current suggestion (j and i-1 are both 2, therefore a single activity is selected). The second activity A2 is Act4. Program 1400 then uses... Figure 6 Tree 600 advances to box 1410. Therefore, the currently proposed sequence under consideration is root Act4, which produces node 606-1. Two paths exist between node 606-1 and the node representing Act3: the first is node 606-2, node 606-3, and node 610-7; the second is node 606-3, node 610-8. The conditional probabilities of these two paths are the same: 33%. Therefore, procedure 1400 can use a tie-breaker to choose one over the other. For example, a tie-breaker could be the longer length of the identified sequence. Other tie-breakers can be used, such as the order in which the sequences are identified (e.g., prioritizing the first discovered) or any other factor or combination of factors. Procedure 1400 can also store both paths and use a tie-breaker later, as discussed below. In this case, using the sequence length as the tie-breaker, paths 606-2, 606-3, and 610-7 are chosen, such that Act1 and Act2 are between Act4 and Act3.

[0141] Back Figure 14j = 2 and i = 3; therefore, j is not less than i-1, which means there are no additional sequences to consider in the current proposal, as determined at 1412. Next, at 1414, the conditional probabilities of the identified possible sequences are compared. In the two iterations above, two possible paths were identified for traveling from Act4 to Act3: Act5 (33%) and Act1, Act2 (33%). Again, as part of the comparison at 1414, a tiebreaker can be applied, in which the longer sequence is preferred in this example. Therefore, Act1, Act2 is chosen as the path from Act4 to Act3. Then, in A i-1 Subsequently, the activities associated with the nodes along this path and A i They are added together to the current recommendations. Therefore, the current recommendations become: Act3, Act4, Act1, Act2, Act3.

[0142] The current suggested length is now five, which exceeds the window size of four. Therefore, the window of the current suggested element can be moved at 1420 so that, for example, it contains one less element than the window size. Thus, the current suggested element becomes Act1, Act2, Act3. Note that due to the window movement, the value of j representing the first element cannot be 1. Instead, j is chosen such that each member of the current suggested element within the window is selected as the starting point for a separate sequence to be applied to tree 600 to determine the preceding activity A. i-1 With main activity A i Possible paths between them.

[0143] Then, program 1400 increments i to four at 1422 and returns to box 1404, where it selects the fourth activity A4 from the initial drilling plan. The fourth activity A4 is ActX, representing an activity not in tree 600. To handle this situation, program 1400 can ignore this activity and proceed in parallel to the next activity A5, which is Act5. As described above, considering the three different possible sequences selected from the current proposal: specifically, the first sequence Act1, Act2, Act3; the second sequence Act2, Act3; and the third sequence Act3, program 1400 then determines the possible path between Act3 (the last element of the current proposal) and Act5 (the next activity of the initial drilling plan). In the case of a sequence different from the current proposal, the path from Act3 to Act5 can be selected using tree 600 and conditional probability and added to the current proposal. The unknown activity ActX can then be added back to the modified drilling plan, immediately preceding Act5.

[0144] Once the current recommendation is finalized, for example, after determining the possible sequences between each sequence of activities in the initial drilling plan, the modified drilling plan can be the current recommendation.

[0145] In some implementations, the methods of this disclosure can be executed by a computing system. Figure 15 An example of such a computing system 1500 according to some embodiments is shown. The computing system 1500 may include a computer or a computer system 1501A, which may be a standalone computer system 1501A or an arrangement of distributed computer systems. According to some embodiments, the computer system 1501A includes one or more analysis modules 1502 configured to perform various tasks, such as one or more methods disclosed herein. To perform these various tasks, the analysis modules 1502 execute independently or in coordination with one or more processors 1504 connected to one or more storage media 1506. One or more processors 1504 are also connected to a network interface 1507 to allow computer system 1501A to communicate with one or more additional computer systems and / or computing systems (such as 1501B, 1501C and / or 1501D) via a data network 1509. (It should be noted that computer systems 1501B, 1501C and / or 1501D may or may not share the same architecture as computer system 1501A and may be located in different physical locations. For example, computer systems 1501A and 1501B may be located in a processing facility while communicating with one or more computer systems (such as 1501C and / or 1501D) located in one or more data centers and / or in different countries on different continents.)

[0146] The processor may include a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a processor module or subsystem, a programmable integrated circuit, a programmable gate array, or another control or computing device.

[0147] Storage medium 1506 may be implemented as one or more computer-readable or machine-readable storage media. It should be noted that, although in Figure 15 In the exemplary embodiments, storage medium 1506 is depicted within computer system 1501A; however, in some embodiments, storage medium 1506 may be distributed within and / or across multiple internal and / or external enclosures of computing system 1501A and / or additional computing systems. Storage medium 1506 may include one or more different forms of memory, including semiconductor memory devices such as dynamic or static random access memory (DRAM or SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and flash memory; magnetic disks such as fixed disks, floppy disks, and removable disks; and other magnetic media, including magnetic tape, optical media such as optical discs (CDs) or digital video discs (DVDs). Disks or other types of optical storage media; or other types of storage devices. It should be noted that the instructions discussed above may be set on a single computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium, or on multiple computer-readable or machine-readable storage media distributed across a large system that may have multiple nodes. Such one or more computer-readable or machine-readable storage media are considered part of an article (or article of manufacture). An article or article of manufacture may refer to any single or multiple manufactured components. One or more storage media may be located in a machine that executes the machine-readable instructions, or at a remote site from which machine-readable instructions can be downloaded and executed via a network.

[0148] In some embodiments, computing system 1500 includes one or more possible sequence determination modules 1508. In an example of computing system 1500, computer system 1501A includes possible sequence determination module 1508. In some embodiments, a single possible sequence determination module may be used to perform aspects of one or more embodiments of the methods disclosed herein. In other embodiments, multiple possible sequence determination modules may be used to perform aspects of the methods herein.

[0149] It should be understood that computing system 1500 is merely one example of a computing system, and computing system 1500 may have more or fewer components than shown, and can be combined. Figure 15 Additional components not depicted in the exemplary embodiments, and / or the computing system 1500 may have Figure 15 The different configurations or arrangements of the components described. Figure 15 The various components shown can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both, including one or more signal processing circuits and / or application-specific integrated circuits.

[0150] Furthermore, the steps in the processing methods described herein can be implemented by operating one or more functional modules in an information processing device (such as a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose chip (such as an ASIC, FPGA, PLD, or other suitable device)). These modules, combinations of these modules, and / or their combinations with general hardware are included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0151] Computational interpretation, models, and / or other interpretation aids can be optimized iteratively; this concept applies to the methods discussed herein. This may include the use of feedback loops, which are based on algorithms (such as in computing devices (e.g., computing system 1500)). Figure 15 It can be executed at the location, and / or by manual control by the user who can make a determination as to whether a given set of steps, actions, templates, models or curves is sufficient to accurately assess the underground 3D geological structure under consideration.

[0152] For purposes of explanation, the foregoing description has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the above illustrative arguments are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the precise form disclosed. In view of the foregoing teachings, many modifications and variations are possible. Furthermore, the order of the elements shown and described herein may be rearranged, and / or two or more elements may occur simultaneously. These embodiments have been chosen and described to best explain the principles of this disclosure and its practical application, thereby allowing others skilled in the art to best utilize the disclosed embodiments and multiple embodiments, with various modifications suitable for the specific uses covered.

Claims

1. A method for planning wells, the method comprising: Receive the initial drilling plan for drilling and extraction wells; Obtain drilling activity logs for one or more compensation wells generated based on drilling compensation wells; as well as Based on the conditional probability of one or more new drilling activities occurring between the first and second consecutive activities of the initial drilling plan, a modified drilling plan is generated for drilling the target well by adding the one or more new drilling activities to the initial drilling plan between the first and second consecutive activities. Generating the modified drilling plan includes: constructing a compensation well drilling operation statistics tree based on the drilling activity logs of the one or more compensation wells, wherein the compensation well drilling operation statistics tree includes the probability of activities in the drilling activity sequence. The construction of the compensation well drilling operation statistics tree includes: Divide the drilling activity logs of the one or more compensation wells into segments; and The nodes in the tree are defined based on the segments, wherein each node represents an activity within a segment and the order in which the node appears in the segments, and wherein the nodes are arranged in a parent-child relationship based on the segments. The generation of the modified drilling plan includes: Select the first sequence of activities that ends with the first consecutive activity in the current recommendation; Select the second continuous activity from the initial drilling plan; Determine one or more first paths in the tree from the node representing the first consecutive activity in the first sequence of activities to the node representing the second consecutive activity; and The first path is selected from one or more first paths in the tree based at least in part on the conditional probability of the first path.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein each node represents data, and the data represents the following: This represents the frequency of the total number of times the node appears sequentially in the segment; The number of child nodes of the node, wherein the number of child nodes is the number of times the node appears sequentially in the segment but is not the last node in the segment; and This represents the probability of the frequency of the node divided by the number of child nodes of the node's parent node.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the modified drilling plan comprises: Select a second sequence of activities that ends with the first consecutive activity in the current proposal, the second sequence being different from the first sequence; Determine one or more second paths in the tree from the node representing the first consecutive activity in the second sequence to the node representing the second consecutive activity, wherein the node representing the first consecutive activity in the second sequence is different from the node representing the first consecutive activity in the first sequence; The second path is selected from one or more second paths based at least in part on the conditional probability of the second path; The first path is selected while the second path is not selected, at least in part, based on the conditional probabilities of the first path and the second path; as well as The first path is added to the modified drilling plan between the first continuous activity and the second continuous activity.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the second sequence begins at least one activity after the first sequence.

5. A computing system comprising: One or more processors; as well as A memory system comprising one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by at least one of the one or more processors, cause the computing system to perform operations including the steps of the method of any one of claims 1-4.

6. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a computing system, cause the computing system to perform operations, the operations comprising the steps of the method of any one of claims 1-4.

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