Intracranial hematoma directional drainage device and drainage method

Abstract

This invention discloses a directional drainage device and method for intracranial hematoma, comprising: a drainage tube having a closed end and a drainage section connected together, wherein the drainage section is provided with at least two drainage holes, the at least two drainage holes being spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the drainage tube; and a directional mechanism including at least one plugging structure, the plugging structure being movably disposed within the drainage section, wherein the at least one plugging structure can block at least one drainage hole, thereby allowing the negative pressure of drainage to act on the at least one drainage hole not blocked by the plugging structure. This invention achieves directional drainage without adjusting the drainage tube, avoiding damage and rebleeding of brain tissue in contact with the outer wall of the drainage tube caused by frequent adjustments; it also avoids damage and rebleeding of brain tissue in the hematoma emptying area due to the negative pressure of drainage; and it allows the negative pressure of drainage to be concentrated on the hematoma site requiring drainage, ensuring that the hematoma can be drained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular, to a directional drainage device and method for intracranial hematoma. Background Technology

[0002] Intracranial hematoma is a common clinical condition, with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage often caused by hypertension. Minimally invasive drainage surgery for intracranial hematoma is a common, simple, and effective method for treatment, including various rigid or flexible hematoma evacuation procedures, as well as more sophisticated robot-assisted frameless stereotactic brain surgery.

[0003] Current minimally invasive drainage techniques for cerebral hemorrhage have the following limitations: Because intracerebral hematomas are often irregular in shape, unevenly distributed, and have varying densities, they cannot be evenly distributed into the drainage tube from each drainage hole under the negative pressure of drainage. This results in some areas of hematoma being emptied while others remain. The emptied areas will still be subjected to negative pressure during subsequent drainage, leading to damage and rebleeding of brain tissue in those areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a directional drainage device and method for intracranial hematoma, in order to solve the technical problems that current drainage tubes cannot uniformly drain hematomas from various surrounding areas, resulting in hematoma emptying zones and hematoma residual zones. Furthermore, the hematoma emptying zones are still subject to negative drainage pressure during subsequent drainage processes, leading to damage and rebleeding of brain tissue in these areas due to the negative drainage pressure.

[0005] The above-mentioned objectives of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] This invention provides a directional drainage device for intracranial hematoma, comprising: a drainage tube having a closed end and a drainage section connected to each other, wherein the drainage section is provided with at least two drainage holes, and the at least two drainage holes are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the drainage tube; and a directional mechanism including at least one plugging structure, wherein the plugging structure is movably disposed within the drainage section, and the at least one plugging structure can block at least one drainage hole so that a negative drainage pressure is applied to the at least one drainage hole that is not blocked by the plugging structure.

[0007] In an embodiment of the present invention, at least two drainage holes are evenly arranged in a drainage hole group along the circumference of the drainage tube, and at least two drainage hole groups are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the drainage section.

[0008] In an embodiment of the present invention, the plugging structure is rotatably disposed within the drainage tube along the circumference of the drainage tube. The plugging structure can rotate to at least one of the drainage holes to block at least one of the drainage holes, or rotate to between two adjacent drainage holes so that the drainage holes on both sides are in an open state.

[0009] In an embodiment of the present invention, the orientation mechanism further includes at least one rotating rod, the plugging structure includes a plugging plate, the rotating rod has a connecting end and an operating end, the connecting end extends into the drainage tube and is connected to at least one of the plugging plates, the operating end extends out of the drainage tube, and the rotating rod can drive at least one of the plugging plates to rotate circumferentially along the drainage tube.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present invention, a groove is formed on the drainage tube along its circumference, the operating end of the rotating rod extends out from the groove and slides in a sealed manner with the groove, and an angle mark is provided on one side of the groove along the sliding direction of the operating end.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present invention, a drainage side tube is connected to one side of the drainage tube, and the hematoma is discharged sequentially along the drainage tube and the drainage side tube. The connection position of the drainage side tube and the extension position of the operating end are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the drainage tube.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present invention, the intracranial hematoma directional drainage device further includes an ultrasound probe. The drainage tube has an open end, and the ultrasound probe extends from the open end along the axial direction of the drainage tube into the drainage segment. The ultrasound probe is used to obtain the location distribution and morphological changes of the hematoma around the drainage segment.

[0013] In an embodiment of the present invention, a clamping sleeve is provided on the drainage tube, and the clamping sleeve can be clamped and fixed by a robotic arm, which fixes the drainage tube during the drainage process.

[0014] In an embodiment of the present invention, an intracranial pressure monitoring transducer is provided on the closed end, and the intracranial pressure monitoring transducer is electrically connected to an intracranial pressure monitor.

[0015] In an embodiment of the present invention, the intracranial hematoma directional drainage device further includes a fixing buckle, which includes an upper fixing ring and a lower fixing ring. The lower fixing ring is fixed to the scalp. A retaining ring is provided on the inner ring surface of the lower fixing ring, and the lower fixing ring and the retaining ring are provided with corresponding lower notches. One end of the upper fixing ring is rotatably connected to the retaining ring. The upper fixing ring is provided with an upper notch communicating with its inner hole. The upper fixing ring can rotate around the retaining ring so that the upper notch and the lower notch correspond to form an entrance. The drainage tube can be inserted into the retaining ring from the entrance.

[0016] The present invention also provides a drainage method using the above-mentioned intracranial hematoma directional drainage device, comprising the following steps: inserting a drainage tube, placing the drainage section of the drainage tube into the hematoma cavity; directional drainage, wherein, according to the hematoma location distribution and / or hematoma morphological changes around the drainage section, the plugging structure blocks at least one of the drainage holes so that negative drainage pressure is applied to at least one unblocked drainage hole.

[0017] In an embodiment of the present invention, after the step of inserting the drainage tube and before the step of directional drainage, non-directional drainage is also included. All the drainage holes are in the open state, and the negative pressure of drainage is applied to all the drainage holes at the same time to drain the hematoma. A part of the hematoma around the drainage segment is cleared to form a hematoma emptying zone, while another part of the hematoma remains around the drainage segment to form a hematoma residue zone.

[0018] In an embodiment of the present invention, the directional drainage step includes: extending an ultrasound probe from the drainage tube into the drainage section and monitoring the positions of the hematoma emptying area and the hematoma residual area; the plugging structure plugs the drainage hole facing the hematoma emptying area, while the drainage hole facing the hematoma residual area is in an open state.

[0019] The features and advantages of this invention are:

[0020] The intracranial hematoma directional drainage device and method of the present invention, when the hematoma distribution around the drainage section is uneven, eliminates the need to adjust the drainage tube. Instead, by simply blocking at least one drainage hole located in the direction where drainage is not desired using a plugging structure, negative drainage pressure is applied to at least one drainage hole located in the drainage direction that is not blocked by the plugging structure. This achieves directional drainage. Furthermore, when draining irregularly shaped hematomas or after changes in hematoma shape, and the drainage tube cannot be placed in the center of the ideal hematoma geometry, frequent adjustments to the drainage tube can be avoided, thus preventing disruption to the drainage process. The tube's outer wall can prevent damage and rebleeding of brain tissue in contact with it; on the other hand, it can prevent damage and rebleeding of brain tissue in the hematoma emptying area due to the negative pressure of drainage; furthermore, it can concentrate the negative pressure of drainage on the hematoma site that needs drainage, ensuring that the hematoma can be drained; in addition, by staggering the plug structure from all drainage holes, all drainage holes are in an open state, allowing the negative pressure of drainage to act on all drainage holes simultaneously, so that the hematoma around the drainage segment can enter the drainage tube from each drainage hole, improving drainage efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a front view of the intracranial hematoma directional drainage device of the present invention during non-directional drainage.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a side view of the intracranial hematoma directional drainage device of the present invention during non-directional drainage (the intracranial pressure monitoring transducer is omitted).

[0024] Figure 3 This is a front view of the intracranial hematoma directional drainage device of the present invention during directional drainage.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing buckle of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the usage state of the fixing buckle of the present invention.

[0027] In the picture:

[0028] 1. Drainage tube; 11. Drainage section; 12. Closed end; 13. Drainage hole; 13'. Drainage hole; 14. Slide groove; 15. Angle mark; 16. Open end; 2. Orientation mechanism; 21. Plug structure; 211. Plug plate; 22. Rotating rod; 221. Connecting end; 222. Operating end; 3. Drainage side tube; 4. Ultrasonic probe; 5. Clamping sleeve; 6. Intracranial pressure monitoring transducer; 61. Guide wire; 7. Connecting structure; 71. First connector; 72. Second connector; 73. Third connector; 8. Fixing buckle; 81. Lower fixing ring; 811. Scalp fixing foot; 82. Upper fixing ring; 83. Clamping ring; 84. Lower notch; 85. Upper notch. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Implementation Method 1

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the present invention provides a directional drainage device for intracranial hematoma, comprising: a drainage tube 1 having a closed end 12 and a drainage section 11 connected to each other, the drainage section 11 having at least one drainage hole 13 and at least one drainage hole 13', the at least one drainage hole 13 and at least one drainage hole 13' being spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the drainage tube 1; and a directional mechanism 2 including at least one plugging structure 21, the plugging structure 21 being movably disposed within the drainage section 11, the at least one plugging structure 21 being able to block at least one drainage hole 13 so that the negative pressure of drainage is applied to at least one drainage hole 13' not blocked by the plugging structure 21.

[0032] The intracranial hematoma directional drainage device and method of the present invention, when the hematoma distribution around the drainage segment 11 is uneven, does not require adjustment of the drainage tube 1. Instead, it achieves directional drainage by simply blocking at least one drainage hole 13 located in the direction where drainage is not desired using the plugging structure 21, thereby applying negative drainage pressure to at least one drainage hole 13' located in the drainage direction that is not blocked by the plugging structure 21. Furthermore, when performing drainage of irregularly shaped hematomas or after changes in hematoma shape, and the drainage tube 1 cannot be placed in the center of the ideal hematoma geometry, it avoids frequent adjustments to the drainage tube 1 that could cause brain tissue to come into contact with the outer wall of the drainage tube 1. On the one hand, it can prevent damage and rebleeding; on the other hand, it can prevent brain tissue in the hematoma emptying area from being damaged and rebleeding due to the negative pressure of drainage; furthermore, it can concentrate the negative pressure of drainage on the hematoma site that needs drainage, ensuring that the hematoma can be drained; in addition, by offsetting the plug structure 21 from all drainage holes 13 and drainage holes 13', all drainage holes 13 and drainage holes 13' are in the open state, so that the negative pressure of drainage can act on all drainage holes 13 and drainage holes 13' at the same time, so that the hematoma around the drainage segment 11 can enter the drainage tube 1 from each drainage hole 13 and drainage hole 13', thereby improving the drainage efficiency.

[0033] Minimally invasive drainage surgery for cerebral hemorrhage involves drilling a hole in the skull and then inserting the drainage section 11 of a drainage tube 1 through the brain tissue to reach the hematoma cavity. By connecting the drainage tube 1 to a suction device, a certain negative pressure suction force (i.e., drainage negative pressure) is used to drain the hematoma from the hematoma cavity. Because the outer wall of the drainage tube 1 is in direct contact with the brain tissue, frequent adjustments to the drainage tube 1 can cause damage to the contacted brain tissue and rebleeding. On the one hand, due to the irregular shape of the hematoma, and the fact that the drainage segment 11 may not be located at the ideal central target point of the hematoma geometry after insertion, the hematoma distribution around the drainage segment 11 is uneven. That is, the amount of hematoma in different areas around the drainage segment 11 is not the same, and it is even possible that most of the hematoma is located on one side of the drainage segment 11. On the other hand, the shape of the hematoma will also change irregularly during the aspiration process, resulting in uneven distribution of the hematoma around the drainage segment 11. Some areas of the hematoma are cleared, while some areas still have hematoma remaining. Therefore, by selectively blocking the drainage hole 13 in the direction that does not need drainage through the plugging structure 21, the negative pressure of drainage is applied to the drainage hole 13' in the direction that needs drainage, so as to achieve directional drainage, ensure that the hematoma in each area is drained, and at the same time avoid damage and rebleeding of the brain tissue in the hematoma clearing area due to the negative pressure of drainage. Furthermore, due to the uneven density and fluidity of the hematoma, the density and fluidity of the hematoma in different areas around the drainage segment 11 are also different. When the negative pressure of drainage is distributed at each drainage hole 13 and drainage hole 13', it is easy for hematomas with lower density and better fluidity to be drained, while hematomas with higher density and poorer fluidity remain in the hematoma cavity. If the negative pressure of drainage is directly increased, it is easy for the brain tissue in the hematoma emptying area formed after the hematoma with lower density is drained to be damaged and rebleed under the effect of the negative pressure of drainage.

[0034] Specifically, drainage holes 13 and 13' are circular or elliptical. At least one drainage hole 13 and at least one drainage hole 13' are spaced apart circumferentially on the drainage tube 1, meaning that at least one drainage hole 13 and at least one drainage hole 13' face different directions. The length of the drainage segment 11 is 2-3 cm. The closed end 12 is generally rounded and bullet-shaped, greatly reducing resistance and damage to brain tissue during puncture.

[0035] like Figures 1-3As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, at least one drainage hole 13 and at least one drainage hole 13' are uniformly arranged in a drainage hole group along the circumference of the drainage tube 1, and at least two drainage hole groups are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the drainage section 11. By providing at least two drainage hole groups on the drainage section 11, the area of ​​the drainage section 11 acting on the hematoma is increased in the axial direction. When the hematoma has a large circumferential size in the drainage section 11, it can enter the drainage tube 1 from the drainage holes 13 and drainage holes 13' of each drainage hole group. Furthermore, when the hematoma is unevenly distributed in the axial direction of the drainage section 11, at least one drainage hole 13 or drainage hole 13' in the at least one drainage hole group is selectively blocked by the plugging structure 21, so that the intracranial hematoma directional drainage device of the present invention can achieve directional drainage not only in the circumferential direction of the drainage tube 1, but also in the axial direction of the drainage tube 1.

[0036] Specifically, a drainage hole 13 and a drainage hole 13' are arranged opposite each other to form a drainage hole group, and the three drainage hole groups are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the drainage section 11. The diameter of the drainage pipe 1, the diameters of the drainage holes 13 and 13', and the spacing between each drainage hole group are not specifically limited. If the diameter of the drainage pipe 1 is D, the diameter of the drainage hole 13 is d, the number of drainage holes in each drainage hole group is n, and the spacing between the drainage holes in each drainage hole group is j, then the following relationship holds: d = j = πD / 2n. In this embodiment, the diameter of the drainage pipe 1 is 4mm, each drainage hole group has a drainage hole 13 and a drainage hole 13', the spacing between the drainage holes 13 and 13', and the diameter of the drainage hole 13 are both approximately 3mm. The spacing between the three drainage hole groups is 5mm. Optionally, the three drainage holes are arranged equidistantly along the circumference of the drainage pipe, providing more directional options. Optionally, the diameter of the drainage tube can be 3mm, 5mm or other suitable sizes.

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the plugging structure 21 is rotatably disposed within the drainage pipe 1 along its circumference. The plugging structure 21 can rotate to at least one drainage hole 13 to block at least one drainage hole 13, or rotate to a position between adjacent drainage holes 13 and 13' so that both drainage holes 13 and 13' on both sides are in an open state. The opening or closing of the drainage holes 13 and 13' can be controlled by the plugging structure 21. Specifically, the initial position of the plugging structure 21 is located in the middle of adjacent drainage holes 13 and 13', and rotating it to both sides by the same angle can control the opening or closing of the drainage holes 13 on both sides. In this embodiment, the plugging structure 21 blocks one drainage hole 13 after rotating 90 degrees to one side, and blocks another drainage hole 13' after rotating 90 degrees to the other side.

[0038] Optionally, the drainage section has a first drainage hole, a second drainage hole, and a third drainage hole arranged equidistantly along its circumference. The first plugging structure is located in the middle of the first and second drainage holes, and the second plugging structure is located in the middle of the second and third drainage holes. When the first and second plugging structures are rotated 60 degrees toward the first drainage hole simultaneously, the first and second drainage holes are blocked, and the third drainage hole allows drainage. When the first and second plugging structures are rotated 60 degrees toward the third drainage hole simultaneously, the second and third drainage holes are blocked, and the first drainage hole allows drainage. When the first and second plugging structures are rotated 180 degrees to one side simultaneously, the third drainage hole and the first drainage hole are blocked, and the second drainage hole allows drainage.

[0039] Optionally, the plugging structure can be movably disposed within the drainage pipe along its axial direction. The plugging structure moves axially along the drainage pipe to the drainage hole, thereby blocking it. Alternatively, the plugging structure can be movably disposed within the drainage pipe along both its circumferential and axial directions. The plugging structure moves axially along the drainage pipe to one of the drainage hole groups, and then rotates circumferentially along the drainage pipe to a specific drainage hole within that group, thus blocking it.

[0040] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the orientation mechanism 2 also includes at least one rotating rod 22, the plugging structure 21 includes a plugging piece 211, the rotating rod 22 has a connecting end 221 and an operating end 222, the connecting end 221 extends into the drainage tube 1 and is connected to at least one plugging piece 211, the operating end 222 extends out of the drainage tube 1, and the rotating rod 22 can drive at least one plugging piece 211 to rotate circumferentially along the drainage tube 1.

[0041] Specifically, the size and material of the rotating rod 22 are not specifically limited, as long as the rotating rod 22 has a certain rigidity so that it will not twist during rotation and will not occupy too much space in the drainage tube 1. The material of the plugging plate 211 is not specifically limited, as long as the plugging plate 211 has a certain rigidity so that it will not shift under the action of drainage negative pressure. The length of the rotating rod 22 extending into the drainage tube 1 is approximately 180mm-200mm, and the width of the rotating rod 22 is greater than 2mm. In this embodiment, the rotating rod 22 and the plugging plate 211 are made of titanium alloy, which has magnetic resonance compatibility and good toughness and high strength. The plugging plate 211 is generally in the form of a circular or elliptical plate structure. The orientation mechanism 2 includes a rotating rod 22, and three plugging plates 211 are spaced apart along its axial direction at the connecting end 221 of the rotating rod 22 to simultaneously control the opening of the drainage holes 13 and 13' in the three drainage hole groups or to close one of the drainage holes 13. Optionally, the rotating rod and the plugging plate are made of stainless steel. Optionally, the rotating rod is a hollow cylindrical tube structure, that is, the rotating rod and the drainage tube are fitted together to form a sleeve structure with a gap.

[0042] Optionally, the directional mechanism includes three rotating rods, each with a plug at its connecting end, to control either two drainage holes in the three drainage hole groups to be open or one drainage hole to be closed. Optionally, the plug is generally an arc-shaped plate structure that matches the drainage tube, and has a through hole. When the through hole is aligned with a drainage hole, the drainage hole is open; when the through hole is offset from both drainage holes, both drainage holes are closed. Optionally, the plugging plate is generally an annular plate structure that matches the drainage tube, and the plugging plate is provided with three through holes, two of which are spaced equidistant from the two drainage holes. When the two through holes are aligned with the two drainage holes, both drainage holes are in the open state. When the through hole is offset from both drainage holes, and the other through hole is aligned with one of the drainage holes, the drainage hole is in the closed state while the other drainage hole is in the open state. When all three through holes are offset from the two drainage holes, both drainage holes are in the closed state, thereby achieving directional drainage in both the axial and circumferential directions of the drainage tube.

[0043] like Figures 1-3 As shown, a groove 14 is formed along the circumference of the drainage tube 1. The operating end 222 of the rotating rod 22 extends from the groove 14 and slides in a sealing manner with the groove 14. An angle mark 15 is provided on one side of the groove 14 along the sliding direction of the operating end 222. By sliding the operating end 222 of the rotating rod 22 along the groove 14, the plugging piece 211 is driven to rotate circumferentially along the drainage tube 1, and the position of the plugging piece 211 can be determined according to the angle mark 15. Specifically, the angle mark 15 includes "0", "+90", and "-90". Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, when the operating end 222 corresponds to "0", the plug 211 is positioned in the middle of the drainage hole 13 and the drainage hole 13', both of which are open; when the operating end 222 is rotated clockwise to correspond to "+90", the plug 211 blocks the drainage hole 13' on the right, allowing only the drainage hole 13 on the left to drain; Figure 3 As shown, when the operating end 222 is rotated counterclockwise to correspond to "-90", the plugging piece 211 blocks the left drainage hole 13, allowing only the right drainage hole 13' to drain. An annular sealing layer is provided inside the slide groove 14 to ensure the sealing performance at the slide groove 14. Optionally, the inner wall surface of the drainage tube is provided with a guide groove along its circumference that slides and engages with the plugging piece to guide the plugging piece to rotate circumferentially along the drainage tube.

[0044] like Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, a drainage side tube 3 is connected to one side of the drainage tube 1. The hematoma is discharged sequentially along the drainage tube 1 and the drainage side tube 3. The connection position of the drainage side tube 3 and the extension position of the operating end 222 are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the drainage tube 1. During the process of the hematoma flowing from the drainage tube 1 into the drainage side tube 3, it will not flow to the side where the rotating rod 22 is located, thus avoiding the hematoma adhering to the rotating rod 22 and affecting the rotation of the rotating rod 22. Specifically, the drainage side tube 3 is connected to the aspiration device. Specifically, the extension position of the operating end 222 is set opposite to the connection position of the drainage side tube 3.

[0045] like Figures 1-3 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the intracranial hematoma directional drainage device further includes an ultrasound probe 4. The drainage tube 1 has an open end 16. The ultrasound probe 4 extends from the open end 16 along the axial direction of the drainage tube 1 into the drainage section 11. The ultrasound probe 4 is used to obtain the positional distribution and morphological changes of the hematoma around the drainage section 11. By setting the ultrasound probe 4, the positional distribution and morphological changes of the hematoma around the drainage section 11 can be monitored in real time during the drainage process. Based on the positional distribution and morphological changes of the hematoma, the plugging structure 21 can be controlled to achieve more precise directional drainage. Furthermore, it can also detect whether the drainage section 11 accurately extends into the hematoma cavity before drainage. Specifically, the drainage tube 1 is a transparent tube. The open end 16 of the drainage tube 1 is provided with a connecting structure 7, which includes a first connector 71. The ultrasound probe 4 is provided with a fixed connector. The probe end of the ultrasound probe 4 passes through the first connector 71 and extends into the drainage section 11. The fixed connector is threadedly snapped into and sealed with the first connector 71. The rotating rod 22 is generally a flat rod-shaped structure. It extends from one side of the drainage tube 1 along the inner wall of the drainage tube 1 into the drainage section 11, thus avoiding interference with the ultrasound probe 4. After the minimally invasive drainage surgery for cerebral hemorrhage, the ultrasound probe 4 is removed from the drainage tube 1, which facilitates continuous drainage post-operatively. Optionally, the location and morphological changes of the hematoma can be obtained using a head CT scan.

[0046] like Figures 1-3 As shown, a clamping sleeve 5 is fitted onto the drainage tube 1. The clamping sleeve 5 can be clamped and fixed by a robotic arm, which fixes the drainage tube 1 during drainage. By clamping and fixing the clamping sleeve 5 with the robotic arm, the drainage tube 1 is kept fixed during drainage, thereby preventing the drainage tube 1 from shaking and causing changes in the relative position of the drainage segment 11 and the hematoma, as well as damage to the brain tissue in contact with the drainage tube 1. The robotic arm used is the existing robotic arm of a surgical robot, which will not be described in detail here. Optionally, the drainage tube can be fixed by hand by the operator. Specifically, the extension position of the operating end 222 of the rotating rod 22 and the connection position of the drainage side tube 3 are both set closer to the opening end 16 than the fitting position of the clamping sleeve 5, so that the robotic arm will not obstruct the operation of the operating end 222 or the connection of the drainage side tube 3 to the suction device.

[0047] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, an intracranial pressure monitoring transducer 6 is provided on the closed end 12, and the intracranial pressure monitoring transducer 6 is electrically connected to an intracranial pressure monitor. After the minimally invasive drainage surgery for cerebral hemorrhage is completed, the drainage section 11 will continue to be placed in the hematoma cavity for a period of time to continue to drain the residual hematoma through the action of intracranial pressure. The intracranial pressure is monitored in real time after surgery by the intracranial pressure monitoring transducer 6, and the characteristics of the drainage fluid are observed, thereby assisting the doctor in indirectly judging whether there is rebleeding and abnormal drainage fluid volume. Specifically, the connecting structure 7 is also provided with a second connector 72, which is electrically connected to the intracranial pressure monitoring transducer 6 through a guide wire 61. After connecting the input end of the intracranial pressure monitor to the second connector 72, the monitoring signal of the intracranial pressure monitoring transducer 6 is transmitted to the intracranial pressure monitor through the guide wire 61. The connecting structure 7 is also provided with a third connector 73, which is used to connect the drainage side tube 3 for negative pressure aspiration during surgery and to connect the drainage bag for continuous drainage after surgery.

[0048] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the intracranial hematoma directional drainage device also includes a fixing buckle 8, which includes an upper fixing ring 82 and a lower fixing ring 81. The lower fixing ring 81 is fixed to the scalp, and a retaining ring 83 is provided on the inner ring surface of the lower fixing ring 81. The lower fixing ring 81 and the retaining ring 83 are provided with corresponding lower notches 84. One end of the upper fixing ring 82 is rotatably connected to the retaining ring 83. The upper fixing ring 82 is provided with an upper notch 85 communicating with its inner hole. The upper fixing ring 82 can rotate around the retaining ring 83 so that the upper notch 85 and the lower notch 84 correspond to form an entrance, and the drainage tube 1 can be inserted into the retaining ring 83 through the entrance. By fixing the lower fixing ring 81 to the scalp after surgery, and then inserting the drainage tube 1 into the retaining ring 83, the drainage tube 1 is fixed. By rotating the upper fixing ring 82, the upper notch 85 and the lower notch 84 are misaligned, ensuring that the drainage tube 1 will not loosen. Specifically, the inner diameter of the retaining ring 83 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the drainage tube 1. The retaining ring 83 is made of silicone, rubber, or other anti-slip material. At least three scalp fixing feet 811 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the lower fixing ring 81, and these feet are sewn onto the scalp. Optionally, a fixing buckle can be used to secure the drainage tube during the drainage process.

[0049] Implementation Method 2

[0050] Combination Figure 3As shown, the present invention also provides a drainage method using a directional drainage device for intracranial hematoma, comprising the following steps: inserting a drainage tube 1, placing the drainage section 11 of the drainage tube 1 into the hematoma cavity; directional drainage, based on the distribution of the hematoma location around the drainage section 11 and / or the changes in the hematoma morphology, the plugging structure 21 plugs at least one drainage hole 13 so that the negative drainage pressure acts on at least one unblocked drainage hole 13'. The directional drainage device for intracranial hematoma in this embodiment has the same specific structure, working principle, and beneficial effects as the directional drainage device for intracranial hematoma in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0051] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, after the insertion of the drainage tube 1 and before the directional drainage step, non-directional drainage is also included. All drainage holes 13 and 13' are open, and negative pressure is applied simultaneously to all drainage holes 13 and 13' to drain the hematoma. A portion of the hematoma around the drainage segment 11 is cleared to form a hematoma emptying zone, while another portion of the hematoma remains around the drainage segment 11 to form a hematoma residue zone. The directional drainage step includes: extending the ultrasound probe 4 from the drainage tube 1 into the drainage segment 11 and monitoring the positions of the hematoma emptying zone and the hematoma residue zone; the plugging structure 21 blocks the drainage holes 13 facing the hematoma emptying zone, while the drainage holes 13' facing the hematoma residue zone are open. By performing the non-directional drainage step first and then the directional drainage step, a portion of the hematoma is quickly drained from multiple drainage holes 13, while another portion of the hematoma is drained separately through directional drainage, resulting in higher drainage efficiency.

[0052] Optionally, non-directional drainage and directional drainage steps are performed alternately until all hematoma around the drainage segment is cleared. Optionally, directional drainage is performed directly after the drainage tube insertion step. After the drainage tube insertion step, the hematoma is only distributed on one side of the drainage segment, leaving the drainage hole facing that side open, and the plugging structure blocks the drainage hole on the other side, thus allowing direct directional drainage.

[0053] The above descriptions are merely a few embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations to the embodiments of the present invention based on the content disclosed in the application documents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A directional drainage device for intracranial hematoma, characterized in that, include: A drainage tube has a closed end and a drainage section connected together, wherein the drainage section is provided with at least two drainage holes, and the at least two drainage holes are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the drainage tube; The directional mechanism includes at least one plugging structure, which is movably disposed within the drainage section. The at least one plugging structure can block at least one drainage hole, thereby causing a negative drainage pressure to act on the at least one drainage hole that is not blocked by the plugging structure. The plugging structure is rotatably disposed within the drainage tube along its circumference; the directional mechanism further includes at least one rotating rod; the plugging structure includes a plugging plate; the rotating rod has a connecting end and an operating end; the connecting end extends into the drainage tube and is connected to at least one of the plugging plates; the operating end extends out of the drainage tube; and the rotating rod can drive at least one of the plugging plates to rotate along the circumference of the drainage tube. The plugging structure can be rotated to at least one of the drainage holes to block at least one of the drainage holes, and the intracranial hematoma directional drainage device can form a directional drainage pattern; The plugging structure can rotate to be positioned between two adjacent drainage holes so that both drainage holes on both sides are open, and the intracranial hematoma directional drainage device can form a non-directional drainage mode.

2. The intracranial hematoma directional drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least two drainage holes are evenly arranged in a drainage hole group along the circumference of the drainage tube, and at least two drainage hole groups are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the drainage section.

3. The intracranial hematoma directional drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A groove is formed on the drainage tube along its circumference. The operating end of the rotating rod extends out from the groove and slides in a sealed manner with the groove. An angle mark is provided on one side of the groove along the sliding direction of the operating end.

4. The intracranial hematoma directional drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, One side of the drainage tube is connected to a drainage side tube, and the hematoma is discharged sequentially along the drainage tube and the drainage side tube. The connection position of the drainage side tube and the extension position of the operating end are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the drainage tube.

5. The intracranial hematoma directional drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intracranial hematoma directional drainage device also includes an ultrasound probe. The drainage tube has an open end, and the ultrasound probe extends from the open end along the axial direction of the drainage tube into the drainage segment. The ultrasound probe is used to obtain the location distribution and morphological changes of the hematoma around the drainage segment.

6. The intracranial hematoma directional drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage tube is fitted with a clamping sleeve, which can be clamped and fixed by a robotic arm, which fixes the drainage tube during the drainage process.

7. The intracranial hematoma directional drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An intracranial pressure monitoring transducer is provided on the closed end, and the intracranial pressure monitoring transducer is electrically connected to an intracranial pressure monitor.

8. The intracranial hematoma directional drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intracranial hematoma directional drainage device also includes a fixing buckle, which includes an upper fixing ring and a lower fixing ring. The lower fixing ring is fixed to the scalp. A retaining ring is provided on the inner ring surface of the lower fixing ring, and the lower fixing ring and the retaining ring are provided with corresponding lower notches. The upper fixing ring is rotatably connected to one end of the retaining ring. The upper fixing ring is provided with an upper notch that communicates with its inner hole. The upper fixing ring can rotate around the retaining ring so that the upper notch and the lower notch correspond to form an entrance. The drainage tube can be inserted into the retaining ring from the entrance.

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