Construction method of vertical shaft excavation using the raise well method and selection method of raise well drilling rig

Abstract

The present invention provides a construction method for excavating a vertical shaft by using a reverse shaft method, comprising the following steps: determining a theoretical slag chute radius r according to the parameters of the vertical shaft to be excavated and the working parameters of the slag disposal equipment used for excavation, where r = [kad 2 / (f×t)] 0 . 5 In the formula, k is the waste safety factor, that is, the ratio of the volume of the slag chute per unit length to the waste volume per bucket of the waste equipment, a is the excavation depth per cycle, d is the shaft radius, f is the waste frequency of the waste equipment, and t is the waste time per cycle of the waste equipment; and a raise boring rig with a hole diameter greater than 2r and a drilling depth L greater than H is selected for construction, where H is the drilling depth of the raise boring rig to the horizontal tunnel at the bottom of the shaft; the shaft is excavated using the raise boring method using the selected raise boring rig. This can prevent the slag chute from becoming clogged when the waste equipment discharges the blasting slag from the slag chute to the horizontal tunnel at the bottom of the shaft. The present invention also provides a method for selecting a raise boring rig for vertical shaft excavation using the raise boring method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a construction method for excavating a vertical shaft using a reverse shaft method. Background Art

[0002] my country's infrastructure construction is still growing, and the number of extra-long tunnels is huge, so the number of vertical shaft structures will inevitably increase. The "reverse shaft method" for vertical shaft excavation construction requires the use of a reverse shaft drilling rig to construct pilot holes and slag holes. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the basic process of vertical shaft excavation by the reverse shaft method usually includes: (1) construction of pilot hole: using the reverse shaft drilling rig to drill downward and penetrate the horizontal roadway to form a pilot hole; (2) construction of slag hole: after the pilot hole is penetrated, the drill bit of the reverse shaft drilling rig is replaced and drilled upward until it reaches the ground to form a slag hole; (3) full-section blasting excavation of the vertical shaft: using blasting method to excavate, the formed slag is discharged from the slag hole to the horizontal roadway at the bottom of the vertical shaft, and the slag is discharged to the waste dump through the horizontal roadway. The reverse shaft method often causes hole blockage. Chinese utility model patent publication number CN210888941U discloses a device for preventing slag hole blockage in tunnel shaft reverse-sink construction. The patent states that slag hole blockage is a common problem in large-section, deep-hole vertical shafts during blasting and slag removal. Currently, a major cause of slag hole blockage is excessive accumulation of blasting slag in the slag hole during the blasting process. When the slag hole is not drained quickly enough, the blasting slag accumulates in the slag hole, leading to long-term slag hole blockage. Therefore, the patent provides a device for preventing slag hole blockage in tunnel shaft reverse-sink construction to address the technical problem of slag hole blockage in deep-hole vertical shafts during tunnel reverse-sink construction. However, the device described in the patent can only prevent slag hole blockage caused by excessive accumulation of blasting slag in the slag hole during the blasting process. In practice, slag hole blockage can still occur during the subsequent discharge of blasting slag from the slag hole to the bottom horizontal roadway using slag disposal equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the problems raised in the above background technology, the present invention provides a construction method for vertical shaft excavation using the reverse well method to prevent the slag chute from being blocked when the slag equipment discharges the blasting slag from the slag chute to the horizontal tunnel at the bottom of the vertical shaft.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A construction method for vertical shaft excavation using the reverse shaft method comprises the following steps:

[0006] Select the raise boring machine based on the slag parameters: Determine the theoretical slag hole radius r according to the parameters of the vertical shaft to be excavated and the working parameters of the slag equipment used for excavation, r = [kad2 / (f×t)] 0.5 , where k is the slag safety factor, i.e., the ratio of the volume of the slag chute per unit length to the slag volume per bucket of the slag disposal equipment, expressed in 1 / m; a is the excavation depth per cycle, expressed in m; d is the shaft radius, expressed in m; f is the slag disposal frequency of the slag disposal equipment, expressed in buckets / h; and t is the slag disposal time per cycle of the slag disposal equipment, expressed in h. A raise boring rig with a hole expansion diameter greater than 2r and a drilling depth greater than H is selected for construction, where H is the drilling depth of the raise boring rig until it reaches the horizontal tunnel at the bottom of the shaft.

[0007] Use the selected raise boring machine to adopt the raise boring method to excavate the vertical shaft.

[0008] Furthermore, k is taken as (1.5~2)1 / m.

[0009] Furthermore, the amount of waste per bucket of the waste equipment is v=u / (f×t), where u is the amount of excavation per cycle of the waste equipment, in m³, f is the waste frequency of the waste equipment, and t is the waste time per cycle of the waste equipment.

[0010] Furthermore, the excavation volume per cycle of the waste equipment is u=πd 2 a, where d is the shaft radius and a is the excavation depth per cycle.

[0011] Furthermore, the safety factor k of the waste residue is calculated according to the per-meter ratio, k=πr 2 / v, where v is the amount of waste per bucket of the waste equipment.

[0012] Furthermore, the slag disposal equipment is one or more of an excavator, a scraper, a loader, and a bulldozer.

[0013] Furthermore, when multiple slag disposal equipment are operating simultaneously during the construction process, the amount of slag disposed per bucket of the slag disposal equipment is the maximum amount of slag disposed per bucket of the multiple slag disposal equipment.

[0014] Furthermore, when two or more slag disposal equipment of the same type and model are used to operate simultaneously, or two or more slag disposal equipment of different types or models are used to operate simultaneously, the slag disposal frequency is calculated using the following formula:

[0015] , where v i is the amount of waste per bucket of the i-th waste equipment, f i is the slag disposal frequency of the i-th slag disposal equipment, and n is the total number of slag disposal equipment.

[0016] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] Research has found that the main reason for slag hole blockage during the process of slag removal equipment draining the blasting slag from the slag hole to the horizontal tunnel at the bottom of the shaft is that the slag hole diameter is too small, resulting in hole blockage during the slag removal process. Generally speaking, the larger the slag hole diameter, the less likely it is to be blocked during slag removal. However, the larger the diameter, the higher the project cost and the slower the construction speed. Therefore, due to construction cost and efficiency constraints, workers will use experience to select a raise boring machine with an appropriate hole expansion diameter based on the required drilling depth and shaft diameter. However, the error in selecting a raise boring machine based on experience is large, which can easily lead to the diameter of the slag hole being too small. In addition, the operating parameters of the slag equipment during slag removal construction are not taken into consideration when selecting a raise boring machine. As a result, the diameter of the slag hole obtained by the selected raise boring machine is too small to meet the working requirements of the slag equipment. As a result, the slag discharged into the slag hole by the slag equipment cannot be discharged from the slag hole in time, causing the slag hole to be blocked.

[0018] The above-mentioned raise well method for shaft excavation construction method not only considers conventional parameters such as drilling depth and shaft diameter when selecting a raise well drilling rig, but also combines working parameters such as safety factor of slag disposal equipment, slag disposal frequency, and slag disposal time per cycle to establish a mathematical formula to calculate the theoretical slag hole radius r, and selects a raise well drilling rig with a hole expansion diameter greater than 2r and a drilling depth L greater than H for construction, wherein H is the drilling depth of the raise well drilling rig to the horizontal tunnel at the bottom of the shaft, thereby ensuring that the slag hole diameter obtained by the selected raise well drilling rig can meet the working requirements of the slag disposal equipment, solving the problem of existing technology. The selection of the raise boring machine based on the workers' experience leads to the problem of clogging of the slag hole when the slag formed by blasting is discharged from the slag hole to the bottom horizontal tunnel by the waste slag equipment. The raise boring machine is selected by the construction method of vertical shaft excavation using the above-mentioned raise boring method, which can obtain the appropriate size of the slag hole diameter, avoiding the slag hole diameter being too large, resulting in excessively high project costs or reduced construction efficiency, and at the same time avoiding the slag hole diameter being too small, resulting in clogging of the slag hole. The above-mentioned construction method of vertical shaft excavation using the raise boring method provides a basis for the selection of the raise boring machine, avoiding problems such as large errors caused by selection based on experience. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the construction method of vertical shaft excavation using the reverse well method in the prior art.

[0020] Figure 2 The present invention is a flowchart of a construction method for vertical shaft excavation using the reverse shaft method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may also be a central component. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may also be a central component. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may also be a central component. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used in this specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0024] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides a construction method for vertical shaft excavation using the reverse shaft method, comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1, select the raise boring machine based on the slag parameters: determine the theoretical slag hole radius r according to the parameters of the vertical shaft to be excavated and the working parameters of the slag equipment used for excavation, r = [kad 2 / (f×t)] 0.5 In the formula, r is the theoretical slag hole radius, k is the slag safety factor, that is, the ratio of the slag hole volume per unit length to the slag discharge volume per bucket of the slag discharge equipment, with the unit of 1 / m; a is the excavation depth per cycle of the slag discharge equipment, with the unit of m; d is the shaft radius, with the unit of m; f is the slag discharge frequency of the slag discharge equipment, with the unit of bucket times / h; t is the slag discharge time per cycle of the slag discharge equipment, with the unit of h; a raise boring rig with a hole expansion diameter greater than 2r and a drilling depth L greater than H is selected for construction, where H is the drilling depth of the raise boring rig to the horizontal tunnel at the bottom of the shaft.

[0026] In this embodiment, the slag disposal equipment is one or more of an excavator, a scraper, a loader, a bulldozer, and the like.

[0027] Assuming the theoretical radius of the slag chute is r, the safety factor k for slag disposal per linear meter is calculated as follows:

[0028] k=πr 2 / v (1)

[0029] In formula (1), r is the theoretical radius of the slag chute (m); v is the amount of slag per bucket of the slag disposal equipment (m³), which can be obtained according to the parameters of the slag disposal equipment. When multiple slag disposal equipment are operating simultaneously during the construction process, the amount of slag per bucket of the slag disposal equipment is the maximum value of the amount of slag per bucket of multiple slag disposal equipment. That is, assuming that the amount of slag per bucket of the first slag disposal equipment is v1, the amount of slag per bucket of the second slag disposal equipment is v2, and the amount of slag per bucket of the i-th slag disposal equipment is v i , then the amount of waste slag per bucket of the waste slag equipment in formula (1) is (v1, v2, ..., v i ) is the maximum value among .

[0030] The amount of waste per bucket v of the waste equipment can be calculated by referring to the following formula (2):

[0031] v = u / (f × t) (2)

[0032] In formula (2), u is the volume of excavation per cycle of the slag disposal equipment (m³); f is the slag disposal frequency of the slag disposal equipment (bucket times / h). The slag disposal frequency of the slag disposal equipment is the number of times the slag disposal equipment disposes of the slag per unit time. The slag disposal equipment scoops up the slag with the slag bucket and puts the slag in the slag bucket into the slag chute as one slag disposal operation. The slag disposal frequency can be set manually. When two or more slag disposal equipment of the same type and model are used to operate simultaneously, or two or more slag disposal equipment of different types or models are used to operate simultaneously, the slag disposal frequency is calculated by arithmetic average, that is, let the slag disposal amount per bucket of the first slag disposal equipment be v1 and the slag disposal frequency be f1, let the slag disposal amount per bucket of the second slag disposal equipment be v2 and the slag disposal frequency be f2, and let the slag disposal amount per bucket of the i-th slag disposal equipment be v i , the frequency of slag abandonment is f i , then the frequency of slag disposal equipment ; In the formula, 1≤i≤n, n is the total number of slag disposal equipment, which is a positive integer not less than 1; t is the slag disposal time per cycle of the slag disposal equipment (h), which is the time required for the slag generated by each blasting to be discharged from the slag chute to the horizontal tunnel at the bottom of the shaft after each blasting within the construction period.

[0033] The excavation volume per cycle of the waste equipment can be calculated by referring to the following formula (3):

[0034] u=πd 2 a (3)

[0035] In formula (3), d is the shaft radius (m), and a is the excavation depth per cycle of the waste disposal equipment (m), which can be selected based on the construction schedule and excavation safety factors.

[0036] According to formulas (1)-(3), the calculation formula for the radius r of the slag hole is obtained:

[0037]

[0038] In formula (4), k is usually taken as (1.5~2)1 / m.

[0039] S2, using the selected raise boring machine to excavate the vertical shaft using the raise boring method, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0040] S21, constructing a pilot hole: installing a pilot drill bit suitable for the selected raise boring machine model on the selected raise boring machine, and drilling downward using the selected raise boring machine to penetrate the horizontal roadway to form a pilot hole;

[0041] S22, constructing a slag discharge hole: After the pilot hole is penetrated, the guide drill bit of the raise boring machine is replaced with a reaming drill bit suitable for the raise boring machine model. The selected raise boring machine is used to lift and drill upward until it reaches the ground, and the pilot hole is expanded to form a slag discharge hole;

[0042] S23, full-section blasting excavation of the vertical shaft: excavation is carried out by blasting, and the slag formed by the blasting is discharged from the slag chute to the horizontal roadway at the bottom of the vertical shaft through the slag disposal equipment, and the slag is discharged to the slag disposal site through the horizontal roadway.

[0043] The structure of the raise boring machine belongs to the existing technology and will not be described here for the sake of space. Usually, each model of the raise boring machine is equipped with a pilot drill bit and a reaming drill bit adapted to the model. Usually, the reaming diameter of the raise boring machine refers to the working parameters of the reaming drill bit.

[0044] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for selecting a raise boring machine for shaft excavation by the raise boring method, comprising the following steps: determining a theoretical slag hole radius r according to the parameters of the shaft to be excavated and the working parameters of the slag disposal equipment used for excavation, r = [kad 2 / (f×t)] 0.5 Where r is the theoretical slag hole radius, k is the slag safety factor, that is, the ratio of the slag hole volume per unit length to the slag discharge volume per bucket of the slag disposal equipment, a is the excavation depth per cycle of the slag disposal equipment, d is the shaft radius, f is the slag discharge frequency of the slag disposal equipment, and t is the slag discharge time per cycle of the slag disposal equipment; a raise boring rig with a hole expansion diameter greater than 2r and a drilling depth L greater than H is selected for construction, where H is the drilling depth of the raise boring rig to the horizontal tunnel at the bottom of the shaft, which is determined by the construction requirements.

[0045] The construction method for vertical shaft excavation using the reverse shaft method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples.

[0046] According to market research, the main technical parameters of commonly used raise boring rigs are shown in Table 1. Among them, the expansion diameter and drilling depth are important reference indicators of raise boring rigs.

[0047] Table 1 Main technical parameters of raise boring rig

[0048]

[0049] Obtain the drilling depth H of the raise boring machine through to the horizontal tunnel at the bottom of the shaft, the shaft radius, and the operating parameters of the waste disposal equipment. In this embodiment, H = 180 m, the shaft radius d = 8.7 m, the waste disposal equipment used is an excavator of the same model, the waste disposal safety factor k = 1.5, the waste disposal frequency f = 45 buckets / h, the waste disposal time per cycle t = 6 h, and the excavation depth per cycle a = 1 m;

[0050] The theoretical slag hole radius r is calculated by formula (4), as shown in Table 2 below: the theoretical slag hole radius r = 0.65m.

[0051] Table 2 Calculation of theoretical slag hole radius

[0052]

[0053] The main control parameters for the selection of the raise boring machine are the theoretical slag hole diameter 2r and the drilling depth H.

[0054] The value of the control parameter 1 (theoretical slag hole diameter) selected for the raise boring machine is obtained according to the theoretical slag hole radius, as shown in Table 3.

[0055] Table 3 Raise boring machine reverse selection control parameters 1 Theoretical slag hole diameter

[0056]

[0057] The selection control parameter 2 (drilling depth) of the raise boring machine is determined according to the actual drilling depth, as shown in Table 4.

[0058] Table 4 Raise boring machine reverse selection control parameters 2 drilling depth

[0059]

[0060] An appropriate model of raise boring rig is selected according to the selection control parameters of the raise boring rig. Specifically, a raise boring rig meets the conditions when its reaming diameter R>2r and its drilling depth L>H. In this embodiment, a raise boring rig with a reaming diameter R>1.30m and L>180m meets the requirements, as shown in Table 5 below.

[0061] Table 5 Applicable Raise Boring Table

[0062]

[0063] As can be seen from Table 5, in this embodiment, the raise boring rigs of models aM-200, aM-250, ZFY2.5 / 200 and aM-400 can be selected for construction.

[0064] After the selection of the raise boring machine is completed, the selected raise boring machine is used to carry out the vertical shaft construction. This belongs to the existing technology and will not be described here for the sake of space.

[0065] Research has found that the main reason for clogging of the slag chute during the process of the waste slag equipment flowing the blasting slag from the chute hole to the bottom horizontal tunnel is that the diameter of the slag chute is too small, resulting in a blockage during the slag discharge process. Generally speaking, the larger the diameter of the slag chute, the less likely it is to be blocked during slag discharge. However, the larger the diameter, the higher the project cost and the lower the construction speed. Therefore, based on the constraints of construction cost and efficiency, workers will empirically select a raise boring machine with an appropriate hole expansion diameter based on the required drilling depth and shaft diameter. However, the error in selecting a raise boring machine based on experience is large, which can easily lead to the diameter of the slag chute obtained from the construction being too small. In addition, the operating parameters of the waste slag equipment during slag discharge construction are not taken into consideration when selecting a raise boring machine. As a result, the diameter of the slag chute obtained by the selected raise boring machine is too small to meet the working requirements of the waste slag equipment. As a result, the slag discharged into the slag chute by the waste slag equipment cannot be discharged from the slag chute in time, causing the slag chute to be blocked.

[0066] The above-mentioned raise well method for shaft excavation construction method not only considers conventional parameters such as drilling depth and shaft diameter when selecting a raise well drilling rig, but also combines working parameters such as safety factor of slag disposal equipment, slag disposal frequency, and slag disposal time per cycle to establish a mathematical formula to calculate the theoretical slag chute diameter, and selects a raise well drilling rig with a hole expansion diameter greater than 2r and a drilling depth L greater than H for construction, wherein H is the drilling depth of the raise well drilling rig to the horizontal tunnel at the bottom of the shaft, thereby ensuring that the slag chute diameter obtained by the selected raise well drilling rig can meet the working requirements of the slag disposal equipment, solving the problem of existing technology. The selection of the raise boring machine based on the workers' experience leads to the problem of clogging of the slag hole when the slag formed by blasting is discharged from the slag hole to the bottom horizontal tunnel by the waste slag equipment. The raise boring machine is selected by the construction method of vertical shaft excavation using the above-mentioned raise boring method, which can obtain the appropriate size of the slag hole diameter, avoiding the slag hole diameter being too large, resulting in excessively high project costs or reduced construction efficiency, and at the same time avoiding the slag hole diameter being too small, resulting in clogging of the slag hole. The above-mentioned construction method of vertical shaft excavation using the raise boring method provides a basis for the selection of the raise boring machine, avoiding problems such as large errors caused by selection based on experience.

[0067] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications completed under the technical spirit suggested by the present invention should fall within the patent scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for vertical shaft excavation using the reverse shaft method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Select the raise boring machine based on the slag parameters: Determine the theoretical slag hole radius r according to the parameters of the vertical shaft to be excavated and the working parameters of the slag equipment used for excavation, r = [kad 2 / (f×t)] 0.5 , where k is the slag safety factor, that is, the ratio of the volume of the slag chute per unit length to the slag volume per bucket of the slag disposal equipment, with the unit of 1 / m; a is the excavation depth per cycle, with the unit of m; d is the shaft radius, with the unit of m; f is the frequency of slag disposal by the slag disposal equipment, measured in buckets / hour; t is the slag disposal time per cycle of the slag disposal equipment, measured in hours; a raise boring rig with a hole diameter greater than 2r and a drilling depth greater than H is selected for construction, where H is the drilling depth of the raise boring rig until it reaches the horizontal tunnel at the bottom of the shaft; the safety factor k for slag disposal is calculated as k=πr per linear meter. 2 / v, where v is the waste volume per bucket of the waste equipment, and k is (1.5-2)1 / m; the waste volume per bucket of the waste equipment v=u / (f×t), where u is the volume of excavation per cycle of the waste equipment, in m³; the volume of excavation per cycle of the waste equipment u=πd 2 a; Use the selected raise boring machine to adopt the raise boring method to excavate the vertical shaft.

2. The construction method for vertical shaft excavation using the reverse shaft method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slag disposal equipment is one or more of an excavator, a scraper, a loader, and a bulldozer.

3. The construction method for vertical shaft excavation using the reverse shaft method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When multiple waste slag equipment are operating simultaneously during the construction process, the waste slag volume per bucket of the waste slag equipment shall be the maximum value of the waste slag volumes per bucket of the multiple waste slag equipment.

4. The construction method for vertical shaft excavation using the reverse shaft method according to claim 1, wherein: When two or more slag disposal equipment of the same type and model are used for simultaneous operation, or two or more slag disposal equipment of different types or models are used for simultaneous operation, the slag disposal frequency is calculated using the following formula: , where v i is the amount of waste per bucket of the i-th waste equipment, f i is the slag disposal frequency of the i-th slag disposal equipment, and n is the total number of slag disposal equipment.

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