Battery management system and battery device

Abstract

The application relates to a battery management system and a battery device, which comprise a direct-current converter, an external power supply access detection circuit, a charging switch, a controller and a logic control circuit. The controller outputs a stall signal to the logic control circuit after stall. When the voltage difference between the two ends of the charging switch is greater than or equal to a preset detection value, the external power supply access detection circuit sends a first level signal to the logic control circuit; when the voltage difference between the two ends of the charging switch is less than the preset detection value, the external power supply access detection circuit sends a second level signal to the logic control circuit. When the logic control circuit receives the stall signal and the first level signal, the logic control circuit sends a closing signal to the direct-current converter; when the logic control circuit receives the stall signal and the second level signal, the logic control circuit sends an opening signal to the direct-current converter. After the controller stalls, the battery pack does not need to be returned or disassembled, and the battery pack can be restored to a working state, which is convenient and reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery management system and battery device. Background Technology

[0002] With the government's stringent environmental regulations and the continuous pursuit of higher energy and power density in new energy electric vehicles, environmentally friendly, high-energy-density lithium batteries have been widely adopted. When lithium battery packs are used in the market, their waterproof rating is generally required to reach IPX7. Due to these waterproof requirements, the number of terminals connecting the battery pack to the outside should be minimized. Lithium batteries are typically managed by a battery management system (BMS), which controls and protects the batteries. The BMS is installed inside the battery pack to meet stringent waterproof requirements.

[0003] However, the rich functionality of battery management systems indirectly increases the probability of software crashes. Continuing to use a system that has crashed poses a significant safety risk to the battery pack. The traditional method for handling crashes is to return the battery for repair. This method cannot be handled on-site, resulting in high after-sales costs. Furthermore, users must wait for the battery to be repaired before it can be used again, which is time-consuming and inconvenient. Additionally, while some battery management systems on the market are designed with watchdog circuits to restart controllers, this method cannot completely eliminate all crash problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a battery management system and battery device to address the problem of inconvenience caused by traditional battery management systems.

[0005] A battery management system includes a DC-DC converter, an external power supply detection circuit, a charging switch, a controller, and a logic control circuit. The DC-DC converter is used to connect to a battery and to the controller. One end of the charging switch is used to connect to the battery, and the other end is used to connect to a charging device. The two input terminals of the external power supply detection circuit are respectively connected to the two ends of the charging switch. The output terminal of the external power supply detection circuit is connected to the first input terminal of the logic control circuit. The second input terminal of the logic control circuit is connected to the controller, and the output terminal of the logic control circuit is connected to the DC-DC converter.

[0006] After a system crash, the controller outputs a crash signal to the logic control circuit. When the voltage difference across the charging switch is greater than or equal to a preset detection value, the external power supply access detection circuit sends a first level signal to the logic control circuit. When the voltage difference across the charging switch is less than the preset detection value, it sends a second level signal to the logic control circuit. Upon receiving the crash signal and the first level signal, the logic control circuit sends a shutdown signal to the DC-DC converter. Upon receiving the crash signal and the second level signal, it sends an activation signal to the DC-DC converter.

[0007] In one embodiment, a battery sampling chip is also included, which is used to connect to the battery and the controller.

[0008] In one embodiment, the battery sampling chip communicates with the controller via IIC.

[0009] In one embodiment, the battery sampling chip is also connected to the charging switch, and the battery sampling chip is used to control the charging switch to open when it detects that the battery voltage is greater than or equal to the charging threshold value.

[0010] In one embodiment, a discharge switch is also included, one end of which is used to connect to the battery.

[0011] In one embodiment, both the charging switch and the discharging switch are connected to the controller.

[0012] In one embodiment, the system further includes a first logic circuit and a second logic circuit. The two inputs of the first logic circuit are respectively connected to the battery sampling chip and the controller, and the output of the first logic circuit is connected to the discharge switch. The two inputs of the second logic circuit are respectively connected to the battery sampling chip and the controller, and the output of the second logic circuit is connected to the charging switch.

[0013] In one embodiment, both the first logic circuit and the second logic circuit are OR logic circuits.

[0014] In one embodiment, a voltage regulator is also included, through which the DC-DC converter is connected to the controller.

[0015] A battery device includes a battery and a battery management system as described above.

[0016] The aforementioned battery management system and battery equipment include a DC-DC converter, an external power input detection circuit, a charging switch, a controller, and a logic control circuit. The DC-DC converter is used to connect to the battery and the controller. One end of the charging switch is used to connect to the battery, and the other end is used to connect to the charging device. The two input terminals of the external power input detection circuit are respectively connected to the two ends of the charging switch. The output terminal of the external power input detection circuit is connected to the first input terminal of the logic control circuit. The second input terminal of the logic control circuit is connected to the controller. The output terminal of the logic control circuit is connected to the DC-DC converter. After the controller crashes, it outputs a crash signal to the logic control circuit. When the voltage difference across the charging switch is greater than or equal to a preset detection value, the external power input detection circuit sends a first-level signal to the logic control circuit. When the voltage difference across the charging switch is less than the preset detection value, it sends a second-level signal to the logic control circuit. When the logic control circuit receives the crash signal and the first-level signal, it sends a shutdown signal to the DC-DC converter. When it receives the crash signal and the second-level signal, it sends an activation signal to the DC-DC converter.

[0017] In the aforementioned battery management system and battery equipment, the DC-DC converter converts the battery voltage to power the controller. When the charging device is connected and the charging switch is closed, the battery begins charging. When the charging switch is opened, a voltage difference is formed across the charging switch. When the voltage difference across the charging switch is greater than or equal to a preset detection value, the external power supply detection circuit sends a first-level signal to the logic control circuit. If the controller malfunctions at this time, the logic control circuit outputs a shutdown signal to the DC-DC converter, causing the DC-DC converter to stop working. When the charging device is removed or the output is turned off, the external power supply detection circuit sends a second-level signal to the logic control circuit, which then outputs an enable signal to the DC-DC converter, allowing the DC-DC converter to resume operation. This is equivalent to a power-off restart of the controller's power supply. When the controller malfunctions, it can be restored to its working state without returning the battery pack or disassembling it, making it convenient and reliable. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a battery management system in one embodiment;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery management system in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following description, in conjunction with embodiments and accompanying drawings, provides a more comprehensive overview of the application. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the application.

[0021] In one embodiment, a battery management system is provided, which is connected to a battery and used for monitoring and controlling the battery's operating status, etc. See also... Figure 1 The battery management system includes a DC-DC converter 120, an external power supply detection circuit 140, a charging switch 150, a controller 110, and a logic control circuit 130. The DC-DC converter 120 is used to connect to the battery and the controller 110. One end of the charging switch 150 is used to connect to the battery, and the other end is used to connect to the charging device. The two input terminals of the external power supply detection circuit 140 are respectively connected to the two ends of the charging switch 150. The output terminal of the external power supply detection circuit 140 is connected to the first input terminal of the logic control circuit 130. The second input terminal of the logic control circuit 130 is connected to the controller 110. The output terminal of the logic control circuit 130 is connected to the DC-DC converter 120.

[0022] After a system crash, the controller 110 outputs a crash signal to the logic control circuit 130. When the voltage difference across the charging switch 150 is greater than or equal to a preset detection value, the external power supply detection circuit 140 sends a first level signal to the logic control circuit 130. When the voltage difference across the charging switch 150 is less than the preset detection value, it sends a second level signal to the logic control circuit 130. When the logic control circuit 130 receives the crash signal and the first level signal, it sends a shutdown signal to the DC-DC converter 120. When it receives the crash signal and the second level signal, it sends an activation signal to the DC-DC converter 120. The DC-DC converter 120 converts the battery voltage to power the controller 110. When the charging device is connected and the charging switch 150 is closed, the battery begins charging. When the charging switch 150 is opened, a voltage difference is formed across the two sides of the charging switch 150. When the voltage difference across the charging switch 150 is greater than or equal to a preset detection value, the external power supply detection circuit 140 sends a first-level signal to the logic control circuit 130. If the controller 110 malfunctions at this time, the logic control circuit 130 outputs a shutdown signal to the DC-DC converter 120, causing the DC-DC converter 120 to stop working. When the charging device is removed or the output is turned off, the external power supply detection circuit 140 sends a second-level signal to the logic control circuit 130, and the logic control circuit 130 outputs an enable signal to the DC-DC converter 120, causing the DC-DC converter 120 to resume operation. This is equivalent to a power-off restart of the power supply to the controller 110. When the controller 110 malfunctions, it can be restored to its working state without returning the battery pack or disassembling it, which is convenient and reliable.

[0023] Generally, the battery voltage is relatively high, usually greater than 20V, while the controller 110 and other components inside the battery management system typically require a lower supply voltage, usually less than 5V. The DC-DC converter 120 is used to connect the battery and the controller 110. The DC-DC converter 120 can reduce the high voltage of the battery to a lower voltage for the controller 110 to use; therefore, the DC-DC converter 120 can be understood as the power supply for the controller 110.

[0024] One end of the charging switch 150 is used to connect to the battery, and the other end is used to connect to a charging device. When the charging switch 150 is closed and the charging device is connected, the charging device charges the battery. Specifically, the positive terminal of the charging device is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the negative terminal of the battery is connected to the negative terminal of the charging device through the charging switch 150. The two input terminals of the external power supply detection circuit 140 are respectively connected to the two ends of the charging switch 150, and the output terminal of the external power supply detection circuit 140 is connected to the first input terminal of the logic control circuit 130. When the voltage difference across the charging switch 150 is greater than or equal to a preset detection value, the external power supply detection circuit 140 sends a first level signal to the logic control circuit 130.

[0025] After a system crash, controller 110 outputs a crash signal to logic control circuit 130. A controller 110 crash generally means that controller 110 suddenly stops working. During normal operation, the software within controller 110 runs normally, typically outputting pulses. A pulse consists of a high-level signal for a certain period followed by a low-level signal for a certain period, cycling through these intervals. When controller 110 crashes, the crash signal output to logic control circuit 130 may be either a high-level or low-level signal because controller 110 crashes randomly.

[0026] When charging switch 150 is disconnected, the charging device remains connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery. The voltage of the charging device is greater than the internal voltage of the battery. When the external charging power source (charging device) is connected, a voltage difference is created between the first and second terminals of charging switch 150. Because the positive terminal of the battery is connected to the positive terminal of the charging device, the voltage at the first terminal (B-) of charging switch 150 is greater than the voltage at the second terminal (P-), meaning (B-) - (P-) is positive. When the voltage difference exceeds a preset detection value, the external power supply detection circuit 140 sends a first-level signal to the logic control circuit 130. When the voltage difference across charging switch 150 is less than the preset detection value, a second-level signal is sent to the logic control circuit 130. The types of the first and second level signals are not unique; they only need to be distinguishable. For example, the first level signal can be a high-level signal, and the second level signal can be a low-level signal.

[0027] The first input terminal of the logic control circuit 130 is connected to the output terminal of the external power supply access detection circuit 140, the second input terminal of the logic control circuit 130 is connected to the controller 110, and the output terminal of the logic control circuit 130 is connected to the DC-DC converter 120. Specifically, the logic control circuit 130 can output a corresponding signal through its output terminal when it receives different input signals at its two input terminals according to a preset truth table. In this embodiment, when the logic control circuit 130 receives a crash signal and a first level signal (i.e., the controller 110 crashes, and the voltage difference across the charging switch 150 is greater than or equal to a preset detection value, the charging switch 150 and the battery are connected to the charging device, and the charging switch 150 is opened), it sends a shutdown signal to the DC-DC converter 120, causing the DC-DC converter 120 to stop working. Upon receiving a crash signal and a second-level signal (i.e., the controller 110 crashes, and the voltage difference across the charging switch 150 is less than a preset detection value), or when the charging device is removed or the output is turned off, an enable signal is sent to the DC-DC converter 120, causing the DC-DC converter 120 to continue operating. This is equivalent to powering off and restarting the power supply to the controller 110. This battery management system solves the software crash problem using the positive and negative terminals of the battery, eliminating the need for additional external connection terminals and signals, resulting in a simple and reliable design.

[0028] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 The battery management system also includes a battery sampling chip 160, which is used to connect to the battery and to the controller 110.

[0029] Specifically, a battery may include two or more cells. The method of installing the cells in a battery is not unique. In this embodiment, the battery includes two or more stacked cell layers, each containing two or more cells connected in series and parallel in an orderly arrangement. Each cell layer also includes a first cell support and a second cell support, which are positioned opposite each other on the upper and lower sides of the cell layer to fix the position of each cell. The left and right sides of the cell layer are the directions in which the cells extend. It is understood that in other embodiments, the cells in the battery may be arranged in other ways, as long as those skilled in the art deem it feasible.

[0030] The battery sampling chip 160 can detect cell information in the battery and send it to the controller 110. The controller 110 can output corresponding signals based on the acquired information to control the operation of relevant devices, facilitating better battery monitoring. Specifically, the type of cell information is not unique, and includes, but is not limited to, cell series voltage, charging and discharging current, and cell temperature. The battery sampling chip 160 can also obtain configuration parameters from the controller 110, configure corresponding protection threshold registers based on the received configuration parameters, and then compare the collected cell information with the threshold registers in real time to output protection signals and control the operation of other devices.

[0031] In one embodiment, the battery sampling chip 160 communicates with the controller 110 via IIC. The IIC communication interface is directly on the component, thus the IIC bus occupies very little space, reducing board space and the number of chip pins, and lowering interconnection costs. Any device capable of sending and receiving can serve as the master bus, and a master controller can control signal transmission and clock frequency. It is understood that in other embodiments, the battery sampling chip 160 may also communicate with the controller 110 in other ways, as long as those skilled in the art deem it feasible.

[0032] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 The battery sampling chip 160 is also connected to the charging switch 150. The battery sampling chip 160 controls the charging switch 150 to disconnect when the battery voltage is detected to be greater than or equal to a charging threshold value. The battery sampling chip 160 can control the operation of the charging switch 150 based on the detected battery voltage. When the battery voltage is detected to be greater than or equal to the charging threshold value, it sends a charging protection signal to the charging switch 150, controlling the charging switch 150 to disconnect and stop charging, thus preventing overcharging and damage to the battery. The charging threshold value can be obtained from the controller 110. The specific value of the charging threshold value is not unique; for example, it can be the maximum battery voltage, as long as it is deemed feasible by those skilled in the art. The charging switch 150 is controlled by the charging protection signal to realize the charging control between the battery and the charging device. It is understood that in other embodiments, the charging switch 150 can also be controlled by other signals, which can be set according to actual needs.

[0033] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 The battery management system also includes a discharge switch 170, one end of which is used to connect the battery via the discharge switch 170. Specifically, the discharge switch 170 enables discharge control between the battery and an external load. The charging switch 150 and the discharge switch 170 are connected in series. When both the discharge switch 170 and the charging switch 150 are closed simultaneously, the battery can discharge to the load through the closed discharge switch 170, thus powering the load.

[0034] Furthermore, when the battery management system includes a battery sampling chip 160, the battery sampling chip 160 is also connected to a discharge switch 170. The battery sampling chip 160 controls the discharge switch 170 to open when it detects that the battery voltage is less than or equal to a discharge threshold value. The battery sampling chip 160 can control the operation of the discharge switch 170 according to the detected battery voltage. When the detected battery voltage is less than or equal to the discharge threshold value, it sends a discharge protection signal to the discharge switch 170, controlling the discharge switch 170 to open, stopping the discharge, and preventing over-discharge from damaging the battery. The discharge threshold value can be obtained from the controller 110. The specific value of the discharge threshold value is not unique; for example, it can be the minimum battery voltage, as long as it is considered feasible by those skilled in the art. The discharge switch 170 is controlled by the discharge protection signal to realize the discharge control between the battery and the external load. It is understood that in other embodiments, the discharge switch 170 can also be controlled by other signals, which can be set according to actual needs.

[0035] In one embodiment, both the charging switch 150 and the discharging switch 170 are connected to the controller 110. The charging switch 150 and the discharging switch 170 can be closed or opened under the control of the controller 110. For example, the controller 110 controls the charging switch 150 to close when it receives a charging command or detects a charging device connected, enabling on-demand charging. When the charging time reaches a preset charging time, the controller controls the charging switch 150 to open, completing the charging process and preventing overcharging of the battery from affecting performance. Alternatively, the controller 110 can also control the discharging switch 170 to close when it receives a discharging command or detects a load connected, enabling on-demand discharging. When the discharging time reaches a preset discharging time, the controller controls the discharging switch 170 to open, completing the discharging process and preventing over-discharging of the battery from affecting performance.

[0036] Furthermore, when the battery management system also includes a battery sampling chip 160, the controller 110 can obtain cell information from the battery sampling chip 160. This cell information includes, but is not limited to, cell series voltage, charging / discharging current, and cell temperature. The controller 110 can also set configuration data, including, but not limited to, overcharge protection thresholds, over-discharge protection thresholds, overcurrent protection thresholds, and short-circuit protection thresholds. The controller 110 can output corresponding signals based on the cell information and configuration data to control the charging switch 150 and the discharging switch 170. For example, when the controller 110 determines that a single battery cell is over-discharged or the system is over-temperature, it outputs a stop-discharge signal to the discharging switch 170, controlling the discharging switch 170 to close. Alternatively, when the controller 110 determines that a single battery cell is overcharged or the system is over-temperature, it outputs a stop-charging signal to the charging switch 150, controlling the charging switch 150 to close, thereby extending the battery's lifespan.

[0037] In one embodiment, see Figure 2The battery management system also includes a first logic circuit 182 and a second logic circuit 184. The two inputs of the first logic circuit 182 are connected to the battery sampling chip 160 and the controller 110, respectively, and its output is connected to a discharge switch 170. The two inputs of the second logic circuit 184 are connected to the battery sampling chip 160 and the controller 110, respectively, and its output is connected to a charging switch 150. The first logic circuit 182 can output corresponding signals based on the signals received from the battery sampling chip 160 and the controller 110 to control the operation of the discharge switch 170. Similarly, the second logic circuit 184 can output corresponding signals based on the signals received from the battery sampling chip 160 and the controller 110 to control the operation of the charging switch 150. Through the first logic circuit 182 and the second logic circuit 184, diversified automatic control of the charging switch 150 and the discharge switch 170 can be achieved.

[0038] The types of the first logic circuit 182 and the second logic circuit 184 are not unique. In this embodiment, both the first logic circuit 182 and the second logic circuit 184 are OR logic circuits. When the first logic circuit 182 is an OR logic circuit, as long as one of the signals from the battery sampling chip 160 and the controller 110 is valid, the output of the OR logic circuit is valid, so that both the battery sampling chip 160 and the controller 110 can control the operation of the discharge switch 170. Similarly, when the second logic circuit 184 is an OR logic circuit, as long as one of the signals from the battery sampling chip 160 and the controller 110 is valid, the output of the OR logic circuit is valid, so that both the battery sampling chip 160 and the controller 110 can control the operation of the charging switch 150, which is convenient to use. It is understood that in other embodiments, the first logic circuit 182 and the second logic circuit 184 can also be of other types, as long as those skilled in the art believe that it is feasible.

[0039] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 The battery management system also includes a voltage regulator 190, through which the DC-DC converter 120 is connected to the controller 110. The voltage regulator 190 regulates the voltage output from the DC-DC converter 120 before transmitting it to the controller 110, thus improving the quality of the power supply to the controller 110 and consequently enhancing its performance. The type of voltage regulator 190 is not unique; for example, it can be a linear regulator.

[0040] The aforementioned battery management system includes a DC-DC converter 120, an external power supply detection circuit 140, a charging switch 150, a controller 110, and a logic control circuit 130. The DC-DC converter 120 is used to connect to the battery and to the controller 110. One end of the charging switch 150 is used to connect to the battery, and the other end is used to connect to a charging device. The two input terminals of the external power supply detection circuit 140 are respectively connected to the two ends of the charging switch 150. The output terminal of the external power supply detection circuit 140 is connected to the first input terminal of the logic control circuit 130, and the second input terminal of the logic control circuit 130 is connected to the controller 110. The output terminal is connected to the DC-DC converter 120. After the controller 110 crashes, it outputs a crash signal to the logic control circuit 130. When the voltage difference across the charging switch 150 is greater than or equal to the preset detection value, the external power supply detection circuit 140 sends a first level signal to the logic control circuit 130. When the voltage difference across the charging switch 150 is less than the preset detection value, it sends a second level signal to the logic control circuit 130. When the logic control circuit 130 receives the crash signal and the first level signal, it sends a shutdown signal to the DC-DC converter 120. When it receives the crash signal and the second level signal, it sends an activation signal to the DC-DC converter 120.

[0041] In the aforementioned battery management system, the DC-DC converter 120 converts the battery voltage to power the controller 110. When the charging device is connected and the charging switch 150 is closed, the battery begins charging. When the charging switch 150 is opened, a voltage difference is formed across the two sides of the charging switch 150. When the voltage difference across the charging switch 150 is greater than or equal to a preset detection value, the external power supply detection circuit 140 sends a first-level signal to the logic control circuit 130. If the controller 110 malfunctions at this time, the logic control circuit 130 outputs a shutdown signal to the DC-DC converter 120, causing the DC-DC converter 120 to stop working. When the charging device is removed or the output is turned off, the external power supply detection circuit 140 sends a second-level signal to the logic control circuit 130, and the logic control circuit 130 outputs an activation signal to the DC-DC converter 120, causing the DC-DC converter 120 to resume operation. This is equivalent to a power-off restart of the power supply to the controller 110. When the controller 110 malfunctions, it can be restored to its working state without returning the battery pack or disassembling it, which is convenient and reliable.

[0042] To better understand the above embodiments, a detailed explanation is provided below with reference to a specific embodiment. In one embodiment, the battery management system includes a battery sampling chip 160, a controller 110, a first logic circuit 182, a second logic circuit 184, a DC-DC converter 120, a voltage regulator 190, a logic control circuit 130, an external power supply access detection circuit 140, a charging switch 150, and a discharging switch 170. The controller 110 is an MCU, the first logic circuit 182 and the second logic circuit 184 are both OR logic, the voltage regulator 190 is a linear voltage regulator, and the battery 200 includes cells (C1 to Cx).

[0043] Specifically, the battery cells (C1~Cx) provide the power required by the load, supplying power to the battery sampling chip 160 and the DC-DC converter 120. The battery sampling chip 160 monitors the voltage of each cell string and communicates with the MCU via IIC, transmitting parameters such as cell voltage to the MCU. The MCU can also send configuration parameters to the battery sampling chip 160. Simultaneously, the battery sampling chip 160 can implement hardware protection based on the configuration parameters. Specifically, the MCU sends the configuration parameters to the battery sampling chip 160 via IIC communication. After receiving the parameters, the battery sampling chip 160 configures the corresponding protection threshold register. The battery sampling chip 160 compares the collected cell voltage with the protection threshold register in real time. If the voltage exceeds the threshold value, it outputs a protection signal, such as AFE_CHG / AFE_DIS. The battery sampling chip 160 outputs corresponding protection signals after overcharging and over-discharging. For example, after overcharging, it outputs a charging protection signal AFE_CHG, which turns off the charging switch 150 after passing through the OR logic function block, so that external devices cannot charge the battery cell. Similarly, after over-discharging, it outputs a discharge protection signal AFE_DIS, which turns off the discharge switch 170 after passing through the OR logic function block, so that the battery cell cannot output to the outside.

[0044] The MCU, as the management platform for the entire device, primarily functions to: acquire cell information (such as cell series voltage, charging / discharging current, and cell temperature) from the battery sampling chip 160 via the IIC interface; set configuration data (such as overcharge protection thresholds, over-discharge protection thresholds, overcurrent protection thresholds, and short-circuit protection thresholds); and output three signals: MCU_DIS, MCU_CHG, and MCU_Pulse. The MCU_DIS signal controls the discharge switch 170 via an OR logic block (e.g., controlling the discharge switch 170 to open under conditions such as single-cell over-discharge or system over-temperature). The MCU_CHG signal controls the charging switch 150 via an OR logic block (e.g., controlling the charging switch 150 to open under conditions such as single-cell overcharge or system over-temperature). The MCU_Pulse signal serves as a status indicator for the MCU software. When the software is running normally, it outputs a pulse, which consists of a high level for a certain period followed by a low level for a certain period, cycling to form a pulse. When the software crashes, the output level changes, as software crashes are random and can result in either a high or low level.

[0045] The OR logic implements an OR operation between the battery sampling chip 160 and the charging / discharging control signals output by the MCU. As long as either signal is valid, the output of the OR logic is valid, thereby controlling the charging / discharging switch 170 to achieve the protection function. The DC-DC converter 120 reduces the high voltage of the battery pack to a low voltage. The voltage regulator 190 linearly regulates the voltage output from the DC-DC converter 120, ensuring the output meets the VCC power quality requirements for low-voltage systems. The voltage ripple from the DC-DC converter 120 is relatively large; the voltage regulator 190 performs ripple reduction to ensure a clean and stable voltage supply to the MCU.

[0046] The logic control circuit 130 has two input signals (Power_DET and MCU_Pulse) and one output signal (RST_EN). The logic control satisfies the truth table shown in Table 1: when Power_DET is high and MCU_Pulse is low, the output signal RST_EN is high. When RST_EN is high, the DC-DC power supply can be turned off, thereby realizing the power-off restart of the entire system.

[0047] Serial Number Power_DET MCU_Pulse RST_EN 1 H pulse L 2 H L H 3 L pulse L 4 L L L

[0048] Table 1

[0049] The external power supply detection circuit 140 has two inputs and one output (Power_DET). One input is connected to B-, and the other is connected to P-. When the charging switch 150 is turned off, an external charging power supply (i.e., charging device) will be connected, creating a voltage difference between B- and P-. Since the battery is connected to the positive terminal of the external charging power supply, B- is greater than P-, meaning (B-) - (P-) is a positive value. When the voltage difference exceeds the detection value, the output Power_DET is high; otherwise, it is low.

[0050] The charging switch 150 is controlled by the CHG signal to control the charging of the battery and the external charging power supply. The discharging switch 170 is controlled by the DIS signal to control the discharging of the battery and the external load.

[0051] The aforementioned battery management system allows for a seamless recovery of the battery pack from a crash without requiring its return or disassembly. The operation is as follows: When the battery management system software crashes, the functions of the MCU fail, but the protection function of the battery sampling chip 160 continues. After user operation, the battery is charged until the charging protection (AFE_CHG active) is activated, at which point the charging switch 150 disconnects, and the charging device remains connected to the battery's positive and negative terminals. Because the charging device's voltage is greater than the battery's internal voltage, the external power supply detection block outputs a high level (Power_DET = 1). The MCU software crash causes the MCU_Pulse signal to fail to output a pulse, and according to the truth table of the logic control function block, it outputs a high level (RST_EN = 1), thus shutting down the DC-DC converter output. When the charging device is removed or the output is shut down, the DC-DC converter 120 resumes operation, effectively restarting the MCU's power supply and resolving the crash issue. This battery management system solves the software crash problem using only the battery's positive and negative terminals, eliminating the need for additional external connection terminals and signals, resulting in a simple and reliable design.

[0052] In one embodiment, a battery device is provided, including a battery 200 and a battery management system as described above.

[0053] The battery 200 includes two or more battery cells. The installation method of the battery cells is not unique. In this embodiment, the battery includes two or more stacked cell layers, each containing two or more battery cells connected in series and parallel in an orderly arrangement. Each cell layer also includes a first cell support and a second cell support, which are positioned opposite each other on the upper and lower sides of the cell layer to fix the position of each cell. The left and right sides of the cell layer are the extension directions of the battery cells. It is understood that in other embodiments, the battery cells can be arranged in other ways, as long as those skilled in the art deem it feasible.

[0054] The aforementioned battery device includes a DC-DC converter 120, an external power supply detection circuit 140, a charging switch 150, a controller 110, and a logic control circuit 130. The DC-DC converter 120 is used to connect to the battery and to the controller 110. One end of the charging switch 150 is used to connect to the battery, and the other end is used to connect to the charging device. The two input terminals of the external power supply detection circuit 140 are respectively connected to the two ends of the charging switch 150. The output terminal of the external power supply detection circuit 140 is connected to the first input terminal of the logic control circuit 130. The second input terminal of the logic control circuit 130 is connected to the controller 110. The output of the logic control circuit 130... The output terminal is connected to the DC-DC converter 120. After the controller 110 crashes, it outputs a crash signal to the logic control circuit 130. When the voltage difference across the charging switch 150 is greater than or equal to the preset detection value, the external power supply detection circuit 140 sends a first level signal to the logic control circuit 130. When the voltage difference across the charging switch 150 is less than the preset detection value, it sends a second level signal to the logic control circuit 130. When the logic control circuit 130 receives the crash signal and the first level signal, it sends a shutdown signal to the DC-DC converter 120. When it receives the crash signal and the second level signal, it sends an activation signal to the DC-DC converter 120.

[0055] In the aforementioned battery device, the DC-DC converter 120 converts the battery voltage to power the controller 110. When the charging device is connected and the charging switch 150 is closed, the battery begins charging. When the charging switch 150 is opened, a voltage difference is formed across the charging switch 150. When the voltage difference across the charging switch 150 is greater than or equal to a preset detection value, the external power supply detection circuit 140 sends a first-level signal to the logic control circuit 130. If the controller 110 malfunctions at this time, the logic control circuit 130 outputs a shutdown signal to the DC-DC converter 120, causing the DC-DC converter 120 to stop working. When the charging device is removed or the output is turned off, the external power supply detection circuit 140 sends a second-level signal to the logic control circuit 130, and the logic control circuit 130 outputs an activation signal to the DC-DC converter 120, causing the DC-DC converter 120 to resume operation. This is equivalent to powering off and restarting the power supply to the controller 110. When the controller 110 malfunctions, it can be restored to its working state without returning the battery pack or disassembling it, which is convenient and reliable.

[0056] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0057] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery management system, characterized in that, The device includes a DC-DC converter, an external power supply detection circuit, a charging switch, a controller, and a logic control circuit. The DC-DC converter is used to connect to a battery and the controller. One end of the charging switch is used to connect to the battery, and the other end is used to connect to a charging device. The two input terminals of the external power supply detection circuit are respectively connected to the two ends of the charging switch. The output terminal of the external power supply detection circuit is connected to the first input terminal of the logic control circuit. The second input terminal of the logic control circuit is connected to the controller, and the output terminal of the logic control circuit is connected to the DC-DC converter. After a system crash, the controller outputs a crash signal to the logic control circuit. When the voltage difference across the charging switch is greater than or equal to a preset detection value, the external power supply access detection circuit sends a first level signal to the logic control circuit. When the voltage difference across the charging switch is less than the preset detection value, it sends a second level signal to the logic control circuit. According to a preset truth table, when the logic control circuit receives the crash signal and the first level signal, it sends a shutdown signal to the DC-DC converter. When the logic control circuit receives the crash signal and the second level signal, it sends an enable signal to the DC-DC converter.

2. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a battery sampling chip, which is used to connect to the battery and the controller.

3. The battery management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery sampling chip communicates with the controller via IIC.

4. The battery management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery sampling chip is also connected to the charging switch. The battery sampling chip is used to control the charging switch to open when the battery voltage is detected to be greater than or equal to the charging threshold value.

5. The battery management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a discharge switch, one end of which is used to connect to the battery.

6. The battery management system according to claim 5, characterized in that, Both the charging switch and the discharging switch are connected to the controller.

7. The battery management system according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a first logic circuit and a second logic circuit. The two input terminals of the first logic circuit are respectively connected to the battery sampling chip and the controller, and the output terminal of the first logic circuit is connected to the discharge switch. The two input terminals of the second logic circuit are respectively connected to the battery sampling chip and the controller, and the output terminal of the second logic circuit is connected to the charging switch.

8. The battery management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, Both the first logic circuit and the second logic circuit are OR logic circuits.

9. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a voltage regulator, through which the DC-DC converter is connected to the controller.

10. A battery device, characterized in that, Includes a battery and a battery management system as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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